Sun Fundamentals of Solaris 7 Student Guide With Instructor Notes phần 2 docx

2 Relevance  Present the following question to stimulate the students and get them thinking about the issues and topics presented in this module While they are not expected to know the answer to the question, the answer should be of interest to them and inspire them to learn the content presented in this module Discussion – Passwords are a major key to a secure system What characteristics would a good password have? Additional Resources Additional resources – The following reference can provide additional details on the topics discussed in this module: q 2-2 Solaris Common Desktop Environment: User’s Guide, “Starting a Desktop Session,” Part Number 802-6485 Fundamentals of Solaris Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D User Accounts You must have a user account on the system to log in The user account is defined in the /etc/passwd file and contains the elements which identify each unique user to the system System administrators are responsible for creating and maintaining user accounts The Root Account The root account is the system administration account and is set up by the installation process The root login account owns all system files and has access to all files Accessing Your System 2-3 Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D User Accounts The /etc/passwd Entry Each entry in the /etc/passwd file is made up of seven fields separated by a colon Placeholder UID Comment user2:x:102:10:JohnDelany:/home/user2:/bin/ksh Login ID Figure 2-1 q GID Login directory Default shell Example /etc/passwd Entry Login ID – Is the identification required by the operating system for a successful login It is the user’s “public name.” Depending on the system administrator, login IDs are usually some combination of a user’s first and last names For example, user Bob Wood’s login ID might be bobw, bwood, woodb, or bw2 The login ID must: w Be limited to eight alphanumeric characters w Use lowercase characters only w Be unique q q UID – Identifies the user to the operating system q 2-4 Placeholder – Maintains the field for the password, which is kept in the /etc/shadow file The /etc/shadow file contains encrypted passwords and password aging information (for example, how long before a user must change a password and how long a password must be in use before it can be changed) This file can only be read by the system administrator GID – Identifies the primary group to which the user belongs Fundamentals of Solaris Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D User Accounts The /etc/passwd Entry q Comment – Is usually the full name of the user q Login directory – Is commonly referred to as the “home” directory, where users store their files q Default shell – Defines which shell the user will have upon login Accessing Your System 2-5 Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Password Requirements Your password protects your account from unauthorized access In the Solaris computing environment, a password q Must be six to eight characters in length q Should contain at least two alphabetic characters and one numeric or special character q Must differ from the login ID q Must differ from the previous password by at least three characters q May contain spaces These password requirements not apply to the system administrator (superuser) 2-6 Fundamentals of Solaris Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D The Mouse Buttons The mouse settings can be modified to suit a user’s preferences Once a setting has been modified, that setting can be stored into a userspecific file This means that any personalized settings will be the default whenever a CDE session is initiated The Left Mouse Button Most actions use the left mouse button, alternatively known as button or the SELECT button This button is used to make selections in any of the following ways: q Make a window active by clicking the left mouse button while the mouse pointer is in that window area q Invoke a window menu by clicking on the left mouse button while the mouse pointer is on the window’s menu box area q Select an option from the Front Panel q Select a File or Folder icon while working with the File Manager Accessing Your System 2-7 Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D The Mouse Buttons The Left Mouse Button q Open an icon by double-clicking the left mouse button while the pointer is over the icon q Highlight text to be selected by dragging over the text area, while the left mouse button is being pressed The Middle Mouse Button Button 2, also known as the ADJUST button, is used to paste selected text The text must have been selected using the left mouse button as described previously The Right Mouse Button When the right mouse button, or MENU button, is clicked or held down, a menu of choices will appear The options available on the menu will be determined by the position of the mouse pointer when button was pressed Note – For the purposes of this course, you will be instructed to left or right click to perform a specific action This assumes the standard right-hand configuration of the buttons These notes will instruct you when a double-click is required 2-8 Fundamentals of Solaris Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Logging In Logging in identifies you to the system Before logging in to your account, CDE displays the Login Manager The host name of your workstation Menu of login options You can log in using the login screen shown, or at the command line Accessing Your System 2-9 Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Logging in The Options Button The Options button on the CDE login screen provides a set of choices These are ® Language ® Main Language-set ® Language Sub-set ® Session ® Common Desktop Environment (CDE) ® OpenWindows Desktop ® User’s Last Desktop ® Failsafe Session ® Remote Login ® Command Line Login ® Reset Login Screen 2-10 Fundamentals of Solaris Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Logging in The Options Button If a user chooses to work with a different windowing environment, the graphics display to the right of the login, and password entry boxes will display a graphic appropriate to the chosen windowing environment The Failsafe session, where only the minimum services are available, is used for troubleshooting As an alternative to the CDE login display, the user can choose to log in from a conventional login prompt Note – If the Command Line Login option is chosen, you must press the Return key within 10 seconds of making this choice, otherwise the CDE login screen will restart When the user successfully logs out from a command-line prompt, the CDE login screen will be restarted Accessing Your System 2-11 Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Address Manager Address Manager enables you to search corporate name databases and organize your contacts in electronic cards You can schedule appointments, send email, and dial telephone numbers directly from the electronic cards Features of the Common Desktop Environment 3-19 Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Customizing Your Workspace With Style Manager The Style Manager enables you to customize the following workspace attributes: q q 3-20 Color – Set the color attributes of the windows and the workspace background Font – Set the size of the font display (in points) Fundamentals of Solaris Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Customizing Your Workspace With Style Manager q Backdrop – Set the workspace backdrop display q Keyboard – Set key-click and key-repeat characteristics q Mouse – Set mouse button positions, acceleration, and threshold values q Beep – Set the tone and duration of the beep q Screen – Set screen blanking characteristics and lock background programs q Window – Set the behavior controls for windows and icons q Startup – Set the logout and CDE session startup controls Features of the Common Desktop Environment 3-21 Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Style Manager Options Color Control The color controls enable you to select a color system for the backdrop, window borders, window pane, and menu areas of the display Each will be set to a color based on the palette chosen from the list Once a palette is chosen, it can be modified to suit your needs by clicking on Modify Color changes will apply to all workspaces 3-22 Fundamentals of Solaris Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Style Manager Options Font Changing the font size will alter the display character size of the next and subsequent windows opened The text size in the Help Viewer documents are not affected by changing font size Different font sets can be added to the list of Font Groups by clicking on the Add button The Attributes button enables you to choose alternate character sets Features of the Common Desktop Environment 3-23 Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Style Manager Options Backdrop The Backdrop choice enables you to change the background for the current workspace Color choices you make will also affect the backdrop appearance Each workspace can have a different backdrop applied to it 3-24 Fundamentals of Solaris Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Style Manager Options Keyboard The Keyboard controls enable you to turn key repeating on or off If you want to have the keys make a sound when they are pressed, you can adjust the click volume to be as loud as possible If the value is set to zero (0), the keyclick is effectively turned off If any changes have been made to the settings, selecting the Default button will set the values back to those shown in the Style Manager illustration (page 3-22) Features of the Common Desktop Environment 3-25 Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Style Manager Options Mouse Changing handedness of the mouse will reverse mouse buttons and Button can be used to select text or objects (Adjust) or drag-anddrop objects (Transfer) If Adjust is selected, transfer actions (drag) will require the use of mouse button The maximum time between clicks of a double-click can be adjusted Changes to this will become effective with a new login session Acceleration changes how fast the mouse pointer moves across the display Threshold determines the distance in pixels the pointer moves at slow speed before moving at the accelerated rate 3-26 Fundamentals of Solaris Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Style Manager Options Beep The volume of the beep noise can be set to a value between and 100 If set to 0, the beep noise will effectively be turned off Tone will determine the pitch of the beep, from 82 to 9000 Hertz The duration of the beep noise can be set to last up to 2.5 seconds Features of the Common Desktop Environment 3-27 Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Style Manager Options Screen The Screen controls enable you to designate which screensaver program will run when you lock your workstation display You can designate a number of screensavers to run, in succession, and have each of them run for a period between and 120 minutes You can also set the period of screen inactivity (in the above example, 15 minutes) at which the screensaver will automatically be invoked 3-28 Fundamentals of Solaris Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Style Manager Options Window This control allows you to designate how windows and icons can be manipulated Features of the Common Desktop Environment 3-29 Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Style Manager Options Startup Setting the Home Session saves the current work session windows as the default windows to open when the next Home session is started If you choose Set Home Session, this will override any previously saved information You can choose to either return to the session as it is when you log out (Current session) or to your Home session when you log back in Turning off the Logout Confirmation Dialog option means that you will automatically be logged out when the Exit button is selected, without any further confirmation being requested If the Logout Confirmation Dialog option is set to on, you will be asked to confirm that you want to log out when you choose to exit When you start your next work session, the data contained in any windows will either be gone or be set to default values 3-30 Fundamentals of Solaris Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Notes Features of the Common Desktop Environment 3-31 Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Customizing Subpanels Application Manager Icon 3-32 Fundamentals of Solaris Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Customizing Subpanels The subpanels or pull-up menus located on the Front Panel enable you to add desired applications for easier access It is easy to add and delete new action buttons for launching your most frequently used applications or scripts You can add applications to the subpanel menu list by dragging the appropriate icon from the Application Manager window display and dropping it on the Install Icon area of the subpanel Many frequently used applications can be found by clicking on the Applications icon on the Applications subpanel To manipulate an icon on a subpanel or delete it from the subpanel, right click on the desired icon This displays a menu of options relating to the icon Subpanels can be “torn off” and placed on the workspace by using the same method you use to move a window You can place the most frequently used icons on your Front Panel display by clicking on the Promote to Front Panel choice in the menu of options This will speed up access to the most commonly used programs and help to reduce the need to open subpanel lists Features of the Common Desktop Environment 3-33 Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D ... Accessing Your System 2- 29 Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999, Revision D Notes 2- 30 Fundamentals of Solaris Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems,... the standard right-hand configuration of the buttons These notes will instruct you when a double-click is required 2- 8 Fundamentals of Solaris Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved... Over button will completely refresh the screen and remove any typed entry 2- 12 Fundamentals of Solaris Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services August 1999,