Network Administration for the Solaris 9 Operating Environment SA-399 Student Guide phần 1 doc

Network Administration for the Solaris™ Operating Environment SA-399 Student Guide Sun Microsystems, Inc UBRM05-104 500 Eldorado Blvd Broomfield, CO 80021 U.S.A Revision A June 20, 2002 1:51 pm Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California 94303, U.S.A All rights reserved This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any Third-party software, including font technology, is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, JumpStart, OpenBoot, Solaris, Solstice DiskSuite, Sun Blade, Sun BluePrints, Sun Enterprise, Sun Fire, Sun Quad FastEthernet, Sun StorEdge,Sun Trunking, and Ultra are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc in the U.S and other countries All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc in the U.S and other countries Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc UNIX is a registered trademark in the U.S and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd The OPEN LOOK and Sun Graphical User Interface was developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc for its users and licensees Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry Sun holds a non-exclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface, which license also covers Sun’s licensees who implement OPEN LOOK GUIs and otherwise comply with Sun’s written license agreements U.S Government approval might be required when exporting the product RESTRICTED RIGHTS: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S Government is subject to restrictions of FAR 52.227-14(g)(2)(6/87) and FAR 52.227-19(6/87), or DFAR 252.227-7015 (b)(6/95) and DFAR 227.7202-3(a) DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS, AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID THIS MANUAL IS DESIGNED TO SUPPORT AN INSTRUCTOR-LED TRAINING (ILT) COURSE AND IS INTENDED TO BE USED FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ILT COURSE THE MANUAL IS NOT A STANDALONE TRAINING TOOL USE OF THE MANUAL FOR SELF-STUDY WITHOUT CLASS ATTENDANCE IS NOT RECOMMENDED Export Control Classification Number (ECCN): 5E992 Please Recycle Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems Inc., 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California 94303, Etats-Unis Tous droits réservés Ce produit ou document est protégé par un copyright et distribué avec des licences qui en restreignent l’utilisation, la copie, la distribution, et la décompilation Aucune partie de ce produit ou document ne peut être reproduite sous aucune forme, par quelque moyen que ce soit, sans l’autorisation préalable et écrite de Sun et de ses bailleurs de licence, s’il y en a Le logiciel détenu par des tiers, et qui comprend la technologie relative aux polices de caractères, est protégé par un copyright et licencié par des fournisseurs de Sun Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, JumpStart, OpenBoot, Solaris, Solstice DiskSuite, Sun Blade, Sun BluePrints, Sun Enterprise, Sun Fire, Sun Quad FastEthernet, Sun StorEdge, Sun Trunking, et Ultra sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques déposées de Sun Microsystems, Inc aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays Toutes les marques SPARC sont utilisées sous licence sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques déposées de SPARC International, Inc aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays Les produits portant les marques SPARC sont basés sur une architecture développée par Sun Microsystems, Inc UNIX est une marques déposée aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays et licenciée exclusivement par X/Open Company, Ltd L’interfaces d’utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et Sun™ a été développée par Sun Microsystems, Inc pour ses utilisateurs et licenciés Sun reconnt les efforts de pionniers de Xerox pour larecherche et le développement du concept des interfaces d’utilisation visuelle ou graphique pour l’industrie de l’informatique Sun détient une licence non exclusive de Xerox sur l’interface d’utilisation graphique Xerox, cette licence couvrant également les licenciés de Sun qui mettent en place l’interface d’utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et qui en outre se conforment aux licences écrites de Sun L’accord du gouvernement américain est requis avant l’exportation du produit LA DOCUMENTATION EST FOURNIE “EN L’ETAT” ET TOUTES AUTRES CONDITIONS, DECLARATIONS ET GARANTIES EXPRESSES OU TACITES SONT FORMELLEMENT EXCLUES, DANS LA MESURE AUTORISEE PAR LA LOI APPLICABLE, Y COMPRIS NOTAMMENT TOUTE GARANTIE IMPLICITE RELATIVE A LA QUALITE MARCHANDE, A L’APTITUDE A UNE UTILISATION PARTICULIERE OU A L’ABSENCE DE CONTREFAÇON Please Recycle Table of Contents About This Course xv Instructional Goals xv Course Map xvi Topics Not Covered xvii How Prepared Are You? .xviii Introductions xix How to Use Course Materials xx Conventions xxi Icons xxi Typographical Conventions xxi Introducing the TCP/IP Model 1-1 Objectives 1-1 Introducing Network Model Fundamentals 1-2 Network Protocols 1-2 Network Model Concepts 1-3 Introducing the Layers of the TCP/IP Model 1-4 Network Interface Layer 1-5 Internet Layer 1-6 Transport Layer 1-7 Application Layer 1-8 Describing Basic Peer-to-Peer Communication and Related Protocols 1-10 Peer-to-Peer Communication 1-10 TCP/IP Protocols 1-11 Exercise: Reviewing the TCP/IP Model 1-15 Tasks 1-15 Exercise Summary 1-17 Exercise Solutions 1-18 v Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A Introducing LANs and Their Components 2-1 Objectives 2-1 Introducing Network Topologies 2-2 Bus Topologies 2-2 Star Topologies 2-3 Ring Topologies 2-4 VLAN Topologies 2-5 Introducing LAN Media 2-9 IEEE Identifiers 2-9 IEEE 802.3 Type 2-10 Introducing Network Devices 2-14 Shared Hubs 2-14 Bridges 2-14 Switches 2-14 Exercise: Reviewing LANs and Their Components 2-16 Preparation 2-16 Tasks 2-16 Exercise Summary 2-18 Exercise Solutions 2-19 Describing Ethernet Interfaces 3-1 Objectives 3-1 Introducing Ethernet Concepts 3-2 Major Ethernet Elements 3-2 CSMA/CD Access Method 3-2 Full-Duplex and Half-Duplex Transmission 3-4 Ethernet Statistics 3-4 Introducing Ethernet Frames 3-6 Ethernet Addresses 3-6 Setting a Local Ethernet Address 3-8 Ethernet-II Frame Analysis 3-10 Ethernet Frame Encapsulation 3-11 Maximum Transfer Units 3-13 Ethernet Frame Errors 3-14 Using Network Utilities 3-15 Using the snoop Utility 3-15 Using the netstat Utility 3-18 Using the ndd Utility 3-19 Exercise: Reviewing Ethernet Interfaces 3-22 Preparation 3-22 Tasks 3-22 Exercise Summary 3-26 Exercise Solutions 3-27 vi Network Administration for the Solaris™ Operating Environment Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A Describing ARP and RARP 4-1 Objectives 4-1 Introducing ARP 4-2 Purpose of ARP 4-2 Operation of ARP 4-3 Introducing RARP 4-7 Purpose of RARP 4-7 Operation of RARP 4-7 Exercise: Reviewing ARPs and RARPs 4-10 Preparation 4-10 Tasks 4-11 Exercise Summary 4-14 Exercise Solutions 4-15 Configuring IP 5-1 Objectives 5-1 Introducing the Internet Layer Protocols 5-2 Purpose of IP 5-2 Purpose of ICMP 5-3 Introducing the IP Datagram 5-5 IP Datagram Header Fields 5-5 IP Datagram Payload 5-6 Introducing IP Address Types 5-7 Unicast Addresses 5-7 Broadcast Addresses 5-8 Multicast Addresses 5-9 Introducing Subnetting and VLSM 5-10 Subnetting 5-10 The /etc/inet/netmasks File 5-11 VLSM 5-12 Introducing the Interface Configuration Files 5-14 The /etc/hostname.interface File 5-14 The /etc/inet/hosts File 5-14 The /etc/nodename File 5-15 Administering Logical Interfaces 5-16 Introducing Logical Interfaces 5-16 Configuring Logical Interfaces 5-17 Unconfiguring Logical Interfaces 5-20 Exercise: Reviewing IP 5-21 Preparation 5-21 Task Summary 5-21 Tasks 5-22 Exercise Summary 5-24 Exercise Solutions 5-25 vii Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A Configuring Multipathing 6-1 Objectives 6-1 Increasing Network Throughput and Availability 6-2 Limitations of Network Interfaces 6-2 Implementing Multipathing 6-4 Introducing Multipathing 6-4 Configuring Multipathing Using Configuration Files 6-7 Configuring Multipathing Using the Command Line 6-12 Viewing Multipath Operation 6-20 Troubleshooting a Multipath Network Configuration 6-22 Exercise: Reviewing Multipathing 6-24 Preparation 6-24 Tasks 6-26 Exercise Summary 6-30 Exercise Solutions 6-31 Configuring Routing 7-1 Objectives 7-1 Identifying the Fundamentals of Routing 7-2 Purpose of Routing 7-2 Routing Types 7-3 Introducing Route Table Population 7-4 Static Route 7-4 Dynamic Route 7-4 Introducing Routing Protocol Types 7-6 Autonomous Systems 7-6 Interior Routing Protocols 7-7 Exterior Routing Protocols 7-8 Introducing the Route Table 7-9 Displaying the Route Table 7-9 Introducing Route Table Entries 7-10 Introducing Route Table Search Order 7-12 Associating Network Name and Network Number 7-14 Configuring Static Routes 7-16 Configuring Static Direct Routes 7-16 Configuring the /etc/defaultrouter File 7-16 Configuring the /etc/gateways File 7-17 Configuring Manual Static Routes 7-18 Using the RDISC Protocol 7-21 Configuring Dynamic Routing 7-23 RIP Version 7-23 The in.routed Process 7-25 ICMP (Routing) Redirect 7-26 viii Network Administration for the Solaris™ Operating Environment Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A Introducing CIDR 7-28 Purpose of CIDR 7-28 Operation of CIDR 7-28 Configuring Routing at Boot Time 7-32 Initializing the Router 7-32 Configuring the Router Without Rebooting 7-34 Initializing a Multihomed Host 7-34 Initializing a Non-Router 7-36 Troubleshooting Routing 7-37 Troubleshooting the Router Configuration 7-37 Troubleshooting Network Names 7-39 Exercise: Reviewing Routing Configuration 7-40 Preparation 7-40 Tasks 7-42 Exercise Summary 7-53 Exercise Solutions 7-54 Configuring IPv6 .8-1 Objectives 8-1 Introducing IPv6 8-2 The Need for IPv6 8-2 Features of IPv6 8-3 Introducing IPv6 Addressing 8-4 Address Types 8-4 IPv6 Address Representation 8-5 Format Prefixes 8-5 Introducing IPv6 Autoconfiguration 8-7 Stateful Autoconfiguration 8-7 Stateless Autoconfiguration 8-7 Interface Identifier Calculation 8-8 Duplicate Address Detection 8-9 Introducing Unicast Address Types 8-10 Link-Local Address Types 8-10 Site-Local Address Types 8-10 Aggregatable Global Unicast Address Types 8-11 Prefix Notation 8-11 Embedded IPv4 Addresses 8-12 Unspecified Address Types 8-12 Loopback Address Types 8-12 Introducing Multicast Address Types 8-13 Purpose of Multicast Addresses 8-13 Scope Bits 8-14 ICMPv6 Group Membership 8-15 Enabling IPv6 8-16 The in.ndpd Process on the Non-Router 8-16 IPv6 on Non-Routers Configuration 8-17 ix Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A Non-Router Configuration Troubleshooting 8-20 The in.ndpd Process on the Router 8-21 IPv6 Routing Information Protocol 8-21 IPv6 Router Configuration 8-22 Router Configuration Troubleshooting 8-26 Managing IPv6 8-28 Displaying the State of IPv6 Interfaces 8-28 Modifying an IPv6 Interface Configuration 8-28 Configuring Logical Interfaces 8-29 Troubleshooting IPv6 Interfaces 8-29 Displaying the IPv6 Route Table 8-29 Exercise: Configuring IPv6 8-30 Preparation 8-30 Tasks 8-30 Exercise Summary 8-36 Exercise Solutions 8-37 Configuring IPv6 Multipathing 8-47 Configuring IPMP Manually 8-47 Configuring IPMP at Boot Time 8-57 Exercise: Configuring IPv6 Multipathing 8-61 Preparation 8-61 Tasks 8-61 Exercise Summary 8-64 Exercise Solutions 8-65 Configuring IPv6-Over-IPv4 Tunnels 8-70 Introducing Tunnels 8-70 Configuring Tunnels 8-70 Routing Between Tunnels 8-77 Troubleshooting IPv4 Tunnels 8-77 Exercise: Configuring an IPv6-Over-IPv4 Tunnel 8-79 Preparation 8-79 Tasks 8-79 Exercise Summary 8-81 Exercise Solutions 8-82 Describing the Transport Layer 9-1 Objectives 9-1 Introducing Transport Layer Fundamentals 9-2 Protocol Characteristics 9-2 Transport Protocols in TCP/IP 9-8 Introducing UDP 9-9 Purpose of UDP 9-9 UDP Datagram Header 9-9 Introducing TCP 9-10 TCP Segment Header 9-10 Virtual Circuit Connection 9-11 x Network Administration for the Solaris™ Operating Environment Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A Introducing Network Topologies Figure 2-5 shows how a single switch can be configured into three VLANs so that there are three separate, smaller broadcast domains Smaller Broadcast Domains Figure 2-5 2-6 VLAN Configurations Network Administration for the Solaris™ Operating Environment Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A Introducing Network Topologies The software on the switches configures the VLANs to limit the size of the broadcast domains VLANs allow multiple computer systems to communicate with each other as if they were on the same physical network segment You can move computer systems between VLANs without any hardware configuration Although the term VLAN is in common use, each vendor provides its own VLAN implementation and enhancements This makes the task of defining the term VLAN difficult Figure 2-6 shows an example of a network with all systems on the same broadcast domain All systems on the same broadcast domain Figure 2-6 VLAN With All Systems on the Same Domain Introducing LANs and Their Components Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A 2-7 Introducing Network Topologies Figure 2-7 shows, through shading, that three VLANs are configured using software on the switch to which all systems are connected Three VLANs defined (by color) Figure 2-7 2-8 Three VLANs Defined Network Administration for the Solaris™ Operating Environment Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A Introducing LAN Media Introducing LAN Media Many types of LAN methodologies include the media’s specifications as part of the LAN’s name (identifier) IEEE Identifiers For the various types of LANs, the IEEE identifier indicates the types of media used These identifiers include three pieces of information: q The first piece of information 10, 100, or 1000, represents a media speed of 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, or 1000 Mbps respectively q The second piece of information, BASE, stands for baseband, which is a type of signaling Baseband signaling uses the entire capacity of the cable for one signal Two systems cannot transmit signals at the same time Figure 2-8 depicts how baseband signaling uses one type of signal only, or 1, on and off Time Baseband Signal Type (One type of signal, on and off, or 1) Figure 2-8 Baseband Signaling Introducing LANs and Their Components Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A 2-9 Introducing LAN Media q The third piece of information indicates the segment type or the approximate segment length For thick coaxial cable, indicates the 500-meter maximum length allowed for individual segments For thin coaxial cable, indicates 200 meters, which is rounded up from the 185-meter maximum length for individual thin coaxial segments The designation T indicates that the segment type is twisted-pair, and the designation F stands for fiber-optic cable An example is 100BASE-T, which means that the transmission speed is 100 Megabits per second, baseband signaling is used, and the media is twisted pair Figure 2-9 shows how baseband segments are designated Type of Signal = Baseband Figure 2-9 10 BASE-5 Segment Length = 500 Meter 10 BASE-T Speed = 10 Mbs Type of Media = Twisted Pair Baseband Segment Length The thick coaxial cable media segment was the first media segment to be defined in the Ethernet specifications The thin coaxial cable media segment was defined next, followed by the twisted-pair and fiber-optic media segments The twisted-pair segment type is widely used today for making network connections to the desktop IEEE 802.3 Type Many different types of LAN media have been used, from half inch-thick coaxial cable to fiber measured in microns Consider the physical distance, the security, the cost of the media, the cost to install the media, and the media that is supported by current technology when you make decisions about which LAN media to use 2-10 Network Administration for the Solaris™ Operating Environment Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A Introducing LAN Media 10BASE-5 Media Type The 10BASE-5 media type uses thick coaxial cable It was the first media type specified in the original Ethernet standard of 1980 Thick coaxial media provides a low-cost cable with electrical shielding that can carry signals up to 500 meters Thick coaxial segments were sometimes installed as the backbone segment for interconnecting Ethernet hubs Thick coaxial cable is limited to carrying 10-Mbps signals 10BASE-2 Media Type The 10BASE-2 media type uses a thin coaxial cable that is more flexible than 10BASE-5 coaxial cable This thin coaxial cable makes it possible to connect directly to the Ethernet interface in the computer This cable results in a lower cost and easier-to-use cable-plant that was popular for desktop connections until the twisted-pair media type was developed The flexibility and low cost of thin coaxial made it popular for networking clusters of workstations in an open lab setting However, like thick coaxial, thin coaxial cable is limited to carrying 10-Mbps signals 10BASE-T Media Type The 10BASE-T media type uses twisted-pair cables The specifications for this media type were published in 1990 This is one of the most widely used media types for connections to the desktop The 10BASE-T media type uses two pairs of wires: one pair receives data signals, and the other pair transmits data signals The two wires in each pair must be twisted together for the entire length of the segment This is a standard technique that improves the signal-carrying characteristics of a wire pair Multiple twisted-pair segments communicate using a multiport hub or switch You can implement 10BASE-T over Category (two to three twists per foot) or Category (two to three twists per inch) twisted-pair cable 100BASE-TX Media Type The 100BASE-TX media type is based on specifications published in the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Twisted-Pair – Physical Media Standard (TP-PMD) The 100BASE-TX media type carries 100 Mbps signals over two pairs of wire Because the ANSI TP-PMD specification provides for the use of either unshielded twisted-pair or shielded twisted-pair cable, 100BASE-TX uses both You can only implement 100BASE-TX over Category cable Introducing LANs and Their Components Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A 2-11 Introducing LAN Media 100BASE-T4 Media Type The 100BASE-T4 media type operates over four pairs of wires The signaling system makes it possible to provide fast Ethernet signals (100 MHz) over any existing standard voice-grade Category or unshielded twisted-pair cable that might be installed One pair of wires transmits data (TX), one pair receives data (RX), and two pairs are bidirectional (BI) data pairs The 100BASE-T4 specifications recommend using Category patch cables, jumpers, and connecting hardware whenever possible because these higher-quality components and cables improve the reception of signals on the link 100BASE-FX Media Type The 100BASE-FX (fast fiber-optic) media system uses pulses of light instead of electrical currents to send signals The use of fiber provides superior electrical isolation for equipment at each end of the fiber link While LAN equipment used in metallic media segments has protection circuits designed for typical indoor electrical hazards, fiber-optic media is nonconductive This complete electrical isolation provides immunity from much larger electrical hazards, such as lightning strikes, and from the flow of current that can result from having different levels of electrical ground currents that can be found in separate buildings Complete electrical isolation is essential when using LAN segments to link separate buildings An advantage of the 100BASE-FX fiber-optic link segment is that it can span long distances Fiber also provides more security because the optical signal does not cause induction 1000BASE-X Media Type In 1998, the IEEE Standards Board approved 802.3z, the gigabit Ethernet standard for 1000 Mbps over multimode fiber (MMF) and single-mode fiber (SMF) Gigabit Ethernet is an extension of the successful 10-Mbps and 100-Mbps 802.3 standards Gigabit Ethernet provides a raw bandwidth of 1000 Mbps and maintains full compatibility with the installed base of over 100 million Ethernet nodes Gigabit Ethernet includes both full-duplex and half-duplex operating modes The 1000BASE-X standard refers to two implementations of fiber-optic segment types: 1000BASE-SX and 1000BASE-LX 2-12 Network Administration for the Solaris™ Operating Environment Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A Introducing LAN Media 1000BASE-SX Media Type The 1000BASE-SX media system is the shortest wavelength specification because it uses short wavelength lasers to transmit data over fiber-optic cable Sun’s implementation of the 1000BASE-SX system specification supports the following distances: q 300 meters over 62.5-micron MMF cable q 550 meters over 50-micron MMF cable 1000BASE-LX Media Type The 1000BASE-LX media system is the longest wavelength specification because it uses longwave lasers to transmit data over fiber-optic cable Sun’s implementation of the 1000BASE-SX system specification supports the following distances: q 550 meters over 62.5-micron and 50-micron MMF cable q 3000 meters over 9-micron SMF cable 1000BASE-CX Media Type The 1000BASE-CX media system is the shortest-haul copper specification because it uses high-quality shielded copper jumper cables to connect devices The 1000BASE-CX system uses connecting equipment in small areas, such as wiring closets Sun’s implementation of the 1000BASE-CX system specification supports the 25 meters over twin-axial cable 1000BASE-T Media Type In 1999, the IEEE Standards Board approved the 802.3ab standard, the 1000BASE-T media system, for data transmissions of 1000 Mbps This standard is for gigabit Ethernet over four pairs of Category unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable The 1000BASE-T system uses the previously defined standards 100BASE-TX, 100BASE-T2, and 100BASE-T4 for its signal methodology Sun’s implementation of the 1000BASE-T system specification supports distances up to 100 meters over four pairs of Cat-5 UTP (using a complex encoding scheme) Introducing LANs and Their Components Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A 2-13 Introducing Network Devices Introducing Network Devices Networks consist of many different devices and device types Devices that are found on LANs range from printers to sophisticated switching devices Shared Hubs Shared hubs are the central devices of a star topology network The hubs connect all the hosts in a twisted-pair Ethernet installation Hubs are typically used in small LANs in which network performance is not critical Collisions commonly occur on a network implementing hubs because the collision domain consists of more than one system Bridges A bridge is a network-layer device that reads and interprets packet addresses for filtering or forwarding packets Bridges connect two or more network segments Collisions commonly occur on a bridged network because the collision domain consists of more than one system Switches Switches are multiport devices that control the logical dynamic connection and disconnection between any two cable segments Switches are high-bandwidth devices because multiple data paths can be established and used simultaneously Switches reduce the number of collisions on a network by replacing a single shared data path with multiple dedicated data paths 2-14 Network Administration for the Solaris™ Operating Environment Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A Introducing Network Devices Figure 2-10 shows how you can use an Ethernet switch to interconnect shared hubs Interconnecting the hubs greatly increases intranet transfer rates and makes Internet connections more economical Because connecting multiple subnets to an intranet using a switch requires no protocol changes, the cost of a speed increase is minimized Hub 10BASE-T Hub 10BASE-T Ethernet Switch 10BASE-T Hub 100BASE-T 10BASE-T 10BASE-T Hub Hub Figure 2-10 Ethernet Switches Introducing LANs and Their Components Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A 2-15 Exercise: Reviewing LANs and Their Components Exercise: Reviewing LANs and Their Components In this exercise, you test your knowledge about common LAN terminology Preparation Refer to the lecture notes as necessary to perform the tasks listed Tasks To test your knowledge about common LAN terminology, answer the following questions: Match the terms to their definition _ a This topology uses a central device, from which a number of signalcarrying cables extend to each individual device on this branch Additionally, each individual device can be configured to be on its own broadcast domain _ VLAN topology b The cabling standard for 100-Mbps, unshielded, twisted-pair media _ 100BASE-TX c The central device through which all hosts connect in a single-broadcast domain in a twisted-pair, Ethernet installation _ Category d This topology uses a central device, from which a number of signalcarrying cables extend to each individual device on this branch _ Switch e The IEEE standard for 100-Mbps, twisted-pair media _ 2-16 Star topology Shared hub f The multiport device that provides for the logical dynamic connection and disconnection between any two cable segments without operator intervention Network Administration for the Solaris™ Operating Environment Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A Exercise: Reviewing LANs and Their Components With which of the following topologies can you configure a LAN? a b Star c Bus d Ring Wing Which of the following specifications support 100 Mbps? a 10BASE-5 b 10BASE-2 c 100BASE-FX d 10BASE-T e 100BASE-T4 f 100BASE-TX Introducing LANs and Their Components Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A 2-17 Exercise Summary Exercise Summary ! ? Discussion – Take a few minutes to discuss what experiences, issues, or discoveries you had during the lab exercise Experiences q Interpretations q Conclusions q 2-18 q Applications Network Administration for the Solaris™ Operating Environment Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A Exercise Solutions Exercise Solutions Match the terms to their definition d a This topology uses a central device, from which a number of signal-carrying cables extend to each individual device on this branch Additionally, each individual device can be configured to be on its own broadcast domain a VLAN topology b The cabling standard for 100-Mbps, unshielded, twisted-pair media e 100BASE-TX c The central device through which all hosts connect in a single-broadcast domain in a twisted-pair, Ethernet installation b Category d This topology uses a central device, from which a number of signal-carrying cables extend to each individual device on this branch f Switch e The IEEE standard for 100-Mbps, twisted-pair media c Star topology Shared hub f The multiport device that provides for the logical dynamic connection and disconnection between any two cable segments without operator intervention With which of the following topologies can you configure a LAN? a Ring b Star c Bus Introducing LANs and Their Components Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A 2-19 Exercise Solutions Which of the following specifications support 100 Mbps? c e 100BASE-T4 f 2-20 100BASE-FX 100BASE-TX Network Administration for the Solaris™ Operating Environment Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Enterprise Services, Revision A ... 11 -1 09 Task Summary 11 -1 09 Tasks 11 -11 0 Exercise Summary 11 -11 2 Exercise Solutions 11 -11 3 Task – Configuring DNS to Support Dynamic DNS Updates 11 -11 3... Methods 11 -7 Using the dhcpconfig Utility 11 -7 Introducing the dhcp _network File 11 -9 Using the pntadm Utility 11 -10 Introducing the dhcptab Table 11 -13 Performing Initial... 11 - 39 Preparation 11 - 39 Task Summary 11 - 39 Tasks 11 - 39 Exercise Summary 11 -42 Exercise Solutions 11 -43 Task – Configuring the DHCP Server 11 -43