easier english basic dictionary second edition_part3 potx

conflict 70 conscious into conflict with someone to start to disagree strongly with someone ć They soon came into conflict over who should be in charge. conflict conflict 2 /kən  flkt/ verb to disagree with someone or something ć His version of events conflicts with that of his partner. confuse confuse /kən  fjuz/ verb 1. to make someone feel that they cannot understand something ć She was confused by all the journalists’ questions. 2. to mix things or people up ć The twins are so alike I am always confusing them. ć I always confuse him with his brother – they are very alike. confused confused /kən  fjuzd/ adjective unable to understand or to think clearly ć I’m a bit confused – did we say 8 p.m. or 8.30? ć Grandmother used to get rather confused in her old age. confusing confusing /kən  fjuzŋ/ adjective difficult to understand ć They found the in- structions on the computer very confusing. confusion confusion /kən  fju(ə)n/ noun 1. a state of not knowing what to do or how to decide something ć Her reply just created more confusion over who was responsible. ˽ in confusion not able to decide what is happening or what to do ć He was looking at the letter in great confusion. 2. a state in which things are not organised in the correct way or are not clear ć There were scenes of confusion at the airport when the snow stopped all flights. congratulate congratulate /kən  rtʃυlet/ verb 1. to tell someone that you are very pleased that they have been successful ć I want to congratulate you on your pro- motion. 2. to give someone your best wishes on a special occasion ć He con- gratulated them on their silver wedding anniversary. (NOTE: You congratulate someone on something.) congratulation congratulation /kən  rtʃυ  leʃ(ə)n/ noun praise for someone who has done well ć His grandparents sent him a letter of congratulation on passing his de- gree. í plural noun congratulations an expression of good wishes to someone who has done well or who is cele- brating a special occasion ć a congratulations card ć Congratulations – you’re our millionth customer! ć Con- gratulations on passing your exam! ć The office sent him their congratulations on his wedding. conjunction conjunction /kən  dŋkʃən/ noun 1. a word which connects different sections of a sentence. ‘and’ and ‘but’ are con- junctions. 2. ˽ in conjunction with someone or something together with someone or something ć The icy road in conjunction with fog made driving very difficult. connect connect /kə  nekt/ verb 1. to join one thing to another ć The computer should have been connected to the printer. ć Connect the two red wires together. 2. to make it possible for a telephone or a computer to be used for communicating with others ć Has the telephone been connected yet? connection connection /kə  nekʃən/ noun 1. a rela- tionship between things ć There is a definite connection between smoking and lung cancer. 2. a bus, train or plane which you catch after getting off another means of transport ć My train was late and I missed my connection to Bir- mingham. 3. a particular way of communicating remotely ć a low connection charge ć Is there a reliable phone connection? 4. a point at which two different pieces of equipment join ć There is a loose connection somewhere. í plural noun connections people you know ć He has business connections in Argentina, ȣ in connection with relat- ing to ć I’m writing in connection with your visit. conquer conquer /kɒŋkə/ verb 1. to defeat people by force ć The Romans had conquered most of Europe. 2. to change a negative emotion or type of behaviour successfully ć I eventually conquered my fear of flying. conscience conscience /kɒnʃəns/ noun a feeling that you have done right or wrong conscientious conscientious /kɒnʃi  enʃəs/ adjective working carefully and well ć She’s a very conscientious worker. conscious conscious /kɒnʃəs/ adjective awake and able to know what is happening Basic.fm Page 70 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com consciously 71 construction around you ć She was conscious during the minor operation on her toe. ˽ a conscious decision a decision which you have thought carefully about ć Refusing the offer was a conscious decision on his part. ć He made a conscious decision to try to avoid her in future. consciously consciously /kɒnʃəsli/ adverb in a de- liberate or active way ć I wasn’t consciously ignoring her – I just didn’t no- tice her. ć He doesn’t consciously re- member locking the door. consciousness consciousness /kɒnʃəsnəs/ noun the fact of being conscious ˽ to lose consciousness to become unconscious consecutive consecutive /kən  sekjυtv/ adjective following one after the other consequence consequence /kɒnskwəns/ noun 1. something which happens because of something else ć If we lose this order, the consequences for the firm will be disastrous. ć Smoking has serious health consequences. 2. importance ( formal ) ˽ of no consequence not important ć What he thinks about the situation is of no consequence. ȣ as a consequence as a result ć We queued for two hours in the rain, and as a consequence all of us got colds. conservation conservation /kɒnsə  veʃ(ə)n/ noun the careful use of things such as energy or natural resources ć The company is spending more money on energy conservation. conservative conservative /kən  svətv/ adjective not wanting to change ć He has very conservative views. consider consider /kən  sdə/ verb 1. to think carefully about something ć Please consider seriously the offer which we are making. ć We have to consider the position of the children. 2. to think ć Do you consider him the right man for the job? ć She is considered (to be) one of the best lawyers in town. 3. ˽ all things considered used for saying that you have thought about all aspects of a situation, including the bad ones ć All things considered, the party went off quite well. considerable considerable /kən  sd(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adjective fairly large ć He lost a considerable amount of money at the horse race. considerably considerably /kən  sd(ə)rəbli/ adverb to a fairly large extent consideration consideration /kən  sdə  reʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. careful thought ć We are giving serious consideration to the possibility of moving the head office to Scotland. ˽ to take something into consideration to think about something when making a decision ć The age of the children has to be taken into consideration. ˽ under consideration being thought about ć The matter is under consideration. 2. something which has an effect on a decision ć The safety of the children is more important than all other consider- ations. considering considering /kən  sd(ə)rŋ/ conjunction , preposition used to say that one thing affects another ć He plays the vi- olin extremely well, considering he’s only five. ć He ought to be more grate- ful, considering the amount of help you have given him. consonant consonant /kɒnsənənt/ noun a letter representing a sound which is produced by partly stopping the air going out of the mouth constable constable /knstəb(ə)l/ noun a police officer of the lowest rank constant constant /kɒnstənt/ adjective not changing or stopping ć The constant noise of music from the bar next door drives me mad. í noun a number or thing which does not change ć Death and taxes are the only constants in life. ć The speed of light is a scientific constant. constantly constantly /kɒnstəntli/ adverb all the time construct construct /kən  strkt/ verb to build something ć The wings are constructed of aluminium. ć The airport was constructed in 1995. construction construction /kən  strkʃən/ noun 1. the act of building ć The construction of the new stadium took three years. ˽ under construction being built ć The new airport is still under construction. 2. something which has been built Basic.fm Page 71 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com consult 72 contestant consult consult /kən  slt/ verb 1. to ask someone for advice ć He consulted his bank about transferring his account. 2. to look at something to get information ć After consulting the map they decided to go north. consultant consultant /kən  sltənt/ noun 1. an expert who gives advice ć His tax consultant advised him to sell the shares. 2. a senior hospital doctor who is an expert in a particular medical condition or ill- ness ć We’ll make an appointment for you to see a consultant. consume consume /kən  sjum/ verb 1. to eat or drink something ć The guests consumed over a hundred hamburgers. 2. to use something up ć The world’s natural resources are being consumed at an alarming rate. ć The new car consumes about half the amount of petrol of an ordinary car. consumer consumer /kən  sjumə/ noun a person or company that buys goods or services ć Consumers are buying more from su- permarkets and less from small shops. ć Gas consumers are protesting at the in- crease in prices. contact contact /kɒntkt/ noun 1. an act of touching ć Avoid any contact between the acid and the skin. ć Anyone who has been in physical contact with the patient must consult their doctor immediately. 2. the act of communicating with someone ć We don’t have much contact with our old friends in Australia. ˽ to get in contact with someone to write to someone or talk to them on the telephone í verb to write to someone or talk to them on the telephone ć He tried to contact his office by phone. ć Can you contact the ticket office immediately? contain contain /kən  ten/ verb 1. to hold an amount, or to have an amount inside ć The bottle contains acid. ć The enve- lope contained a cheque for £1,000. ć A barrel contains 250 litres. ć I have lost a briefcase containing important docu- ments. 2. to limit or prevent something harmful or unpleasant ć The army tried to contain the advance of the enemy forces. ć The party is attempting to contain the revolt among its members. container container /kən  tenə/ noun an object such as a box or bottle which holds something else ć We need a container for all this rubbish. ć The gas is shipped in strong metal containers. contemporary contemporary /kən  temp(ə)rəri/ adjective of the present time ć contemporary art í noun a person who lives at the same time as someone ć Shake- speare and his contemporaries ć He is one of my contemporaries from school. contender contender /kən  tendə/ noun a person who takes part in a competition, especially someone who is likely to win ć He’s a definite contender for the world title. content content 1 /kɒntent/ noun the amount of something which is contained in a substance ć Dried fruit has a higher sugar content than fresh fruit. í plural noun contents 1. things which are inside something ć The contents of the bottle spilled onto the carpet. 2. the list of chapters in a book, usually printed at the beginning content content 2 /kən  tent/ adjective happy with what is happening in your life ˽ content to happy to ć She was content to sit in the sun and wait. ˽ content with satisfied with ć If you are not content with the way the car runs, bring it back and we will look at it again. í noun a feeling of satisfaction ˽ to your heart’s content as much as you want ć You can play the piano to your heart’s content. ć Living by the sea, they can go sailing to their heart’s content. contented contented /kən  tentd/ adjective satisfied and happy contest contest 1 /kɒntest/ noun any event or situation in which people compete with each other ć an international sports contest ć Only two people entered the leadership contest. contest contest 2 /kən  test/ verb 1. to compete with other people to achieve a position ć There are four candidates contesting the championship. 2. to say that you disagree with what is written in a legal doc- ument contestant contestant /kən  testənt/ noun a person who takes part in a competition ć Basic.fm Page 72 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com context 73 contribution The two contestants shook hands before the match. context context /kɒntekst/ noun the other words which surround a particular word in a piece of writing and which help to show its meaning ć Even if you don’t know what a word means, you can sometimes guess its meaning from the context. ˽ taken out of context showing only part of what someone said or wrote, so that the meaning is changed ć My words have been taken out of context – I said the book was ‘one of the best’ not ‘the best’ I’d read. continent continent /kɒntnənt/ noun one of the seven large land areas in the world, e.g. Africa or Europe Continent Continent /kɒntnənt/ noun the main land area of Europe, as compared with the islands of the United Kingdom ć They go to the Continent on holiday each year, sometimes to France, sometimes to Switzerland. ˽ on the Conti- nent in the main part of Europe continental continental /kɒnt  nent(ə)l/ adjective 1. referring to a continent 2. referring to or typical of Europe excluding the Unit- ed Kingdom continual continual /kən  tnjuəl/ adjective 1. happening many times in a period of time ć We have experienced a period of continual change. 2. happening fre- quently in a way that is annoying ć The computer has given us continual problems ever since we bought it. continue continue /kən  tnju/ verb to go on do- ing something or happening ć He continued working, even though everyone else had gone home. ć The engine continued to send out clouds of black smoke. ć The meeting started at 10 a.m. and continued until 6 p.m. ć The show continued with some children’s dances. continuous continuous /kən  tnjυəs/ adjective without stopping or without a break ć She has been in continuous pain for three days. ć A continuous white line on the road means that you are not allowed to overtake. continuously continuously /kən  tnjυəsli/ adverb without a break contract contract 1 /kɒntrkt/ noun a legal agreement ć I don’t agree with some of the conditions of the contract. ˽ under contract bound by the conditions of a contract ć The company is under contract to a French supermarket. contract contract 2 /kən  trkt/ verb 1. to become smaller ć Metal contracts when it gets cold, and expands when it is hot. 2. to make an official agreement to do some work ć to contract to supply spare parts or to contract for the supply of spare parts contradict contradict /kɒntrə  dkt/ verb 1. to say that what someone else says is not true ć They didn’t dare contradict their mother. 2. to be different from what has been said before ć What you have just said contradicts what you said yester- day. contrast contrast 1 /kɒntrɑst/ noun a differ- ence between two things ć the contrast in weather between the north and the south of the country ć The two cities are in sharp contrast. ˽ in contrast to as opposed to ć He is quite short, in contrast to his sister who is very tall. ć The north of the country is green and wood- ed in contrast to the south which is dry and sandy. contrast contrast 2 /kən  trɑst/ verb to be obvi- ously different from ć His formal letter contrasted with his friendly conversation on the telephone. contribute contribute /kən  trbjut/ verb 1. to help something to happen ć The government’s policies have contributed to a feeling of anxiety among teachers. 2. to give money to help to pay for something, especially when other people are also giving ć We were asked to contribute to a charity. ć Everyone was asked to contribute to the receptionist’s leav- ing present. contribution contribution /kɒntr  bjuʃ(ə)n/ something that someone does to help something to happen ć I want to thank you for your enormous contribution to the success of the project. í noun something, usually money, given to help to pay for something ć She makes monthly contributions to the Red Cross. Basic.fm Page 73 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com contributor 74 copper contributor contributor /kən  trbjυtə/ noun a person or organisation that contributes to something control control /kən  trəυl/ noun 1. the fact of keeping someone or something in order or being able to direct them ć He lost control of his business and resigned. ć The club is under the control of three people. 2. the ability to get people to do what you want ć The teacher has no control over the class. í verb 1. to keep something in order, to direct or limit something ć The police couldn’t control the crowds. ć There was nobody there to control the traffic. ć We must try to control the sales of foreign cars. ć The government controls the price of meat. 2. ˽ to control a business to have the power to direct the way a business is run ć The business is controlled by a company based in Luxembourg. (NOTE: controls – controlling – controlled) controlled controlled /kən  trəυld/ adjective kept under control convenient convenient /kən  viniənt/ adjective not causing any practical problems ć Six o’clock in the morning is not a very convenient time for a meeting. ć A bank draft is a convenient way of sending money abroad. conveniently conveniently /kən  viniəntli/ adverb in a convenient way conventional conventional /kən  venʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adjective ordinary or usual ć For your i n- terview it’s best to wear a conventional suit. conversation conversation /kɒnvə  seʃ(ə)n/ noun an occasion on which two or more people talk to each other about something ć We had a long conversation with the bank manager. ć Why did he suddenly change the subject of the conversation? convict convict 1 /kɒnvkt/ noun a criminal who has been sent to prison ć The police are searching for two escaped con- victs. convict convict 2 /kən  vkt/ verb to prove in court that someone is guilty ć She was convicted of theft. convinced convinced /kən  vnst/ adjective very certain ć She’s convinced that she’s right. cook cook /kυk/ noun a person who gets food ready ć He worked as a cook in a pub during the summer. í verb to get food ready for eating, especially by heating it ć It’s my turn to cook the dinner tonight. ć How do you cook cabbage? cooker cooker /kυkə/ noun a large piece of kitchen equipment, used for cooking food cookie cookie /kυki/ noun 1. usually US a small, flat hard sweet cake ć She bought a packet of cookies. (NOTE: The British English term is biscuit.) 2. a computer file sent to your computer by a website when you visit it. It stores information about you which can be used when you next visit the website. cool cool /kul/ adjective 1. cold in a pleasant way, or colder than you would like or than you expect ć It was hot on deck but cool down below. ć Wines should be stored in a cool cellar. ć It gets cool in the evenings in September. 2. not friendly or not enthusiastic ć I got a cool re- ception when I arrived half an hour late. ć Their proposal got a cool response. ˽ to be cool towards someone to be un- friendly to someone or unenthusiastic about something ć She was rather cool towards me last time we met. ć My col- leagues were cool towards the plan un- fortunately. 3. calm ć The nurses re- mained cool and professional. 4. fash- ionable ( informal ) ć They thought it was cool to wear white trainers. 5. good ( informal ) ć a cool party ć a really cool idea (NOTE: cooler – coolest) í verb to make something cool; to become cool ć She boiled the jam for several hours and then put it aside to cool. í noun 1. a colder area which is pleasant ć After the heat of the town centre, it is nice to sit in the cool of the garden. 2. the state of being calm ć As soon as the reporters started to ask her questions she lost her cool. ȣ to be cool with something to be satisfied with something ( informal ) ć We can go tomorrow – I’m cool with that. copper copper /kɒpə/ noun a reddish metal which turns green when exposed to air ć Copper is a good conductor of elec- Basic.fm Page 74 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com copy 75 costume tricity. ć The end of the copper wire should be attached to the terminal. copy copy /kɒp/ noun 1. something made to look the same as something else ć This is an exact copy of the painting by Pi- casso. 2. a particular book or newspaper ć Where’s my copy of today’s ‘Times’? ć I lent my old copy of the play to my brother and he never gave it back. (NOTE: [all noun senses] The plural is copies.) í verb 1. to make something which looks like something else ć He stole a credit card and copied the signa- ture 2. to do what someone else does (NOTE: copies – copying – copied) cord cord /kɔd/ noun a strong thin rope ć Pull the cord to open the parachute. ć In an emergency, pull the cord to stop the train. core core /kɔ/ noun the central part of an object ˽ the core of an apple, an apple core the hard part in the middle of an apple, containing the seeds í the most basic or essential part of something ć Lack of resources is the core of the problem. í adjective most important ć These are the core points of the report. ˽ core values the things that a group of people think are most important ć Hon- esty and reliability are among our core values. cork cork /kɔk/ noun 1. a small solid tube, used for closing wine bottles 2. the very light bark of a type of tree, used for making corks and other things ć She placed little cork mats on the table to stop the wine glasses marking it. í verb to put a cork into a bottle corn corn /kɔn/ noun 1. cereal plants such as wheat or barley ć a field of corn 2. maize, a cereal crop which is grown in many parts of the world ˽ corn on the cob the part of maize that has the seeds, boiled and served hot, with butter and salt corner corner /kɔnə/ noun a place where two walls, streets or sides meet ć The bank is on the corner of London Road and New Street. ć Put the plant in the corner of the room nearest the window. ć The number is in the top right-hand corner of the page. ć The motorbike went round the corner at top speed. ȣ to turn the corner 1. to go from one street into another by turning left or right ć She turned the corner into the main street. 2. to get better after being ill or in a difficult situation ć Our business affairs seem to have turned the corner. corporate corporate /kɔp(ə)rət/ adjective relat- ing to a company ć Corporate responsi- bility rests with the whole management. ć Corporate profits are down this year. corporation corporation /kɔpə  reʃ(ə)n/ noun a large company ć Working for a big corporation can be rather impersonal. correct correct /kə  rekt/ adjective 1. without any mistakes ć You have to give correct answers to all the questions if you want to win first prize. ć If the information you gave us is correct, we can finish the work by Thursday. 2. right according to rules or standards í verb to take away mistakes in something ć You must try to correct your driving mistakes, or you will never pass the test. ć The computer keeps switching itself off – can you correct this fault? correction correction /kə  rekʃən/ noun 1. an action that makes something correct ć He made a few small corrections to the letter. 2. the process of correcting something ć We drew up a timetable for the correction of minor faults. correctly correctly /kə  rektli/ adverb without making any mistakes corridor corridor /kɒrdɔ/ noun a long narrow passage ć The ladies’ toilet is straight ahead at the end of the corridor. cost cost /kɒst/ noun a price which you have to pay for something ć What is the cost of a return ticket to London? ć Compu- ter costs are falling each year. í verb to have as a price ć Potatoes cost 20p a ki- lo. ć Petrol seems to cost more all the time. (NOTE: costs – costing – cost – has cost) ȣ at all costs no matter what happens ć At all costs, we have to be in Trafalgar Square by 12 o’clock. ȣ to cost an arm and a leg to be very expensive ć The repairs to his car cost him an arm and a leg. costume costume /kɒstjum/ noun a set of clothes worn by an actor or actress ć Basic.fm Page 75 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com cosy 76 country The costumes for the film are magnifi- cent. cosy cosy /kəυzi/ adjective comfortable and warm ć An open log fire always makes a room feel cosy. ć She wrapped herself up in a blanket and made herself cosy on the sofa. (NOTE: cosier – cosiest) cottage cottage /kɒtd/ noun a little house in the country ć We have a weekend cottage in the mountains. ć My mother lives in the little cottage next to the post office. cotton cotton /kɒtən/ noun 1. fibres made into thread from the soft seed heads of a tropical plant 2. cloth made of cotton ć I bought some blue cotton to make a skirt. ć He was wearing a pair of cotton trousers. cough cough /kɒf/ noun the act of making a noise by sending the air out of your lungs suddenly, e.g. when you are ill ć Take some medicine if your cough is bad. ć He gave a little cough to attract the waitress’s attention. í verb to make a noise by sending air out of your lungs suddenly, e.g. because you are ill ć The smoke from the fire made everyone cough. ć People with colds usually cough and sneeze. could could /kəd, kυd/ modal verb 1. was or would be able to ć The old lady fell down and couldn’t get up. ć You could still catch the train if you ran. 2. was allowed to ć The policeman said he could go into the house. 3. used in asking someone to do something ć Could you pass me the salt, please? ć Could you shut the window? 4. might ć The new shopping centre could be finished by Christmas. 5. used in making a sugges- tion ć You could always try borrowing money from the bank. (NOTE: The negative is could not, or in speaking, usually couldn’t. Note also that could is the past of can; could is only used in front of other verbs and is not followed by the word to.) council council /kaυnsəl/ noun 1. an elected committee 2. an official group chosen to work on or advise about a specific subject ć a council set up to promote the arts in the eastern region count count /kaυnt/ verb 1. to say numbers in order, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 ć She’s only two and she can count up to ten. ć Count to five and then start running. 2. to find out a total ć Did you count how many books there are in the library? 3. to include when finding out a total ć There were sixty people on the boat if you count the children. ć Did you count my trip to New York as part of my expenses? ˽ not counting not including ć There are three of us, not counting the baby. ć We have three computers, not counting the old ones that don’t work any more. 4. to be important ć Your appearance counts for a lot in an interview. í noun 1. the action of counting or of adding 2. a large amount of something, calculated scien- tifically ć Today there is a high pollen count. ȣ to lose count to no longer have any idea of a particular number ć I tried to add up all the sales figures but lost count and had to start again. ć I’ve lost count of the number of times he’s left his umbrella on the train. count on phrasal verb to be sure that someone will do something counter counter /kaυntə/ noun 1. a long flat surface in a shop for showing goods for sale, or in a bank for passing over money ć She put her bag down on the counter and took out her cheque book. ć The cheese counter is over there. 2. a small round disc used in games ć You’ve thrown a six – you can move your counter six places. ć She placed a pile of counters on the board. í verb to act or reply in an opposing way ć The adverts are designed to counter familiar opin- ions about of home and family. í to reply in a way that opposes what has been said ć He accused her of laziness and she countered with a list of complaints about his own behaviour. country country /kntri/ noun 1. an area of land which is has borders and governs itself ć the countries of the EU ć Some Afri- can countries voted against the plan. (NOTE: The plural in this sense is countries.) 2. land which is not in a town ć He lives in the country. ć We went walking in the country. ć Road travel is difficult in country areas. (NOTE: no plural in this sense) Basic.fm Page 76 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com countryside 77 crack countryside countryside /kntrisad/ noun land which is not in a town ć the beautiful English countryside in spring ć The countryside is in danger of being covered in new houses. (NOTE: no plural) county county /kaυnti/ noun a district that has some powers of government over local matters (NOTE: The plural is counties.) couple couple /kp(ə)l/ noun 1. two things together 2. two people together ć They are a charming couple. ć Several cou- ples strolled past hand in hand. í verb 1. to connect two different things ć High tides coupled with strong winds caused flooding along the coast. 2. to join two machines together ć Couple the trailer to the back of the truck. ȣ a couple of 1. two ć They’ve got a couple of children. 2. a few ć The film last- ed a couple of hours. coupon coupon /kupɒn/ noun a piece of paper which is used in place of money or in place of a ticket courage courage /krd/ noun the ability to deal with a dangerous or unpleasant situation ć She showed great courage in attacking the burglar. ć I didn’t have the courage to disagree with him. (NOTE: no plural) course course /kɔs/ noun 1. a series of lessons ć I’m taking a maths course. ć She’s going on a painting course. ć The hotel offers weekend courses in a variety of subjects. 2. a series of medical treat- ments ć He’s taking a course of antibi- otics. 3. a separate part of a meal ć a five-course meal ć The first course is soup, and then you can have either fish or roast lamb. 4. the direction in which someone or something, especially a vehicle, is moving in, or will move in ȣ in due course after a certain amount of time ć If you study for several years at college, in due course you will get a de- gree. ć Put a coin in the slot and in due course the machine will produce a ticket. ȣ in the course of during a period of time ć He’s got much richer in the course of the last few years. court court /kɔt/ noun 1. a room with a judge who tries criminals, sometimes with a jury ć The court was packed for the opening of the murder trial. ć Please tell the court what you saw when you opened the door. ˽ to take someone to court to arrange for someone to come to a court to end an argument 2. an area where sports such as tennis or basket- ball are played ć The tennis courts are behind the hotel. ˽ to be on court to be playing tennis 3. a group of people living round a king or queen court case court case /kɔt kes/ noun a legal action or trial courtyard courtyard /kɔtjɑd/ noun a small square area surrounded by buildings cousin cousin /kz(ə)n/ noun the son or daughter of your uncle or aunt cover cover /kvə/ noun 1. something that you put over something else to protect it or keep it clean ć Keep a cover over your computer when you are not using it. ć Put a cover over the meat to keep the flies off. 2. the front and back of a book or magazine ć She read the book from cover to cover. 3. a place where you can hide or shelter ć They ran for cover when it started to rain. ˽ under cover under a roof, not in the open air ć If it rains the meal will be served under cover. ˽ to take cover to find a place to shelter from something such as rain ć It started to rain and they took cover under a tree. ć When the robbers started shooting, the policeman took cover behind a wall. í verb 1. to put something over something else to keep it clean ć You should cover the furniture with sheets before you start painting the ceiling. 2. to hide something ć He covered the hole in the ground with branches. ć She covered her face with her hands. 3. to travel a certain distance ć They made good progress, covering twenty miles a day. cow cow /kaυ/ noun a large female farm animal, kept to give milk ć a field of cows ć The farmer was milking a cow. coward coward /kaυəd/ noun a person who is not brave crack crack /krk/ noun 1. a sharp sound ć the crack of a whip ć The crack of a twig behind her made her turn round. 2. a long thin break in a surface ć A crack appeared in the ceiling. ć Her ring fell down a crack in the floorboards. ć The Basic.fm Page 77 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com crafty 78 credit field is so dry it is full of cracks. í verb 1. to make a sharp sound ć A twig cracked as he stepped on it. 2. to make a long thin break in something ć The stone cracked the glass. crafty crafty /krɑfti/ adjective good at getting the things you want, often in a way that is not completely honest (NOTE: craftier – craftiest) cramped cramped /krmpt/ adjective too small or too close together ć On some planes, the seats are very cramped. crane crane /kren/ noun a tall metal piece of equipment for lifting heavy things ć The container slipped as the crane was lifting it onto the ship. crash crash /krʃ/ noun 1. an accident where vehicles are damaged ć He was killed in a train crash. ć None of the passengers was hurt in the coach crash. ć His car was badly damaged in the crash. 2. a loud noise when something falls over ć The ladder fell down with a crash. ć There was a loud crash in the kitchen. í verb 1. ( of vehicles ) to hit something and be damaged ć The bus crashed into a wall. ć The plane crashed six kilome- tres from the airport. 2. to fall, making a loud noise ć The wall came crashing down. ć The ladder crashed onto the floor. crate crate /kret/ noun 1. a large wooden box ć The dinner set arrived safely, carefully packed in a wooden crate. 2. a container for bottles ć a beer crate ć The office orders a crate of milk every day. crawl crawl /krɔl/ verb 1. to move around on your hands and knees ć The baby has just started to crawl. 2. to travel along slowly ć The traffic was crawling along. í noun 1. a very slow speed ć The traffic on the motorway was re- duced to a crawl. 2. a swimming style where each arm goes over your head in turn ć He won the 100m crawl. (NOTE: no plural) crayon crayon /kreɒn/ noun a coloured wax stick, used especially by children for drawing crazy crazy /krezi/ adjective not sensible ć It was a crazy idea to go mountain-climb- ing in sandals. creak creak /krik/ verb to make a squeaky noise í noun a noise like that of wood moving ć She heard a creak on the stairs and sat up in bed. (NOTE: Do not confuse with creek.) cream cream /krim/ noun 1. the thick yellow part of milk, full of fat ć I like strawber- ries and cream. 2. any soft smooth substance used, e.g. for cleaning or for pro- tecting the skin ć face cream ć shaving cream ć shoe cream í adjective of a yellow-white colour ć He was wearing a cream shirt. ć Do you like our new cream carpet? crease crease /kris/ noun 1. a mark made in cloth by ironing ć Trousers should have a crease in front. 2. a mark made by folding accidentally ć She ironed his shirts to remove the creases. í verb to make folds accidentally in something ć After two hours in the car, my skirt was badly creased and had to be pressed. create create /kri  et/ verb to make or invent something ć a government scheme which aims at creating new jobs for young people creation creation /kri  eʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. the act of making or inventing something ć Our aim is the creation of new jobs for young unemployed people. 2. something which has been made, especially something artistic or unusual creature creature /kritʃə/ noun 1. an animal, especially one that you don’t know a name for ć Lift any stone and you’ll find all sorts of little creatures underneath. ć We try not to harm any living creature. ć Some sea creatures live in holes in the sand. 2. an imaginary animal or living being credit credit /kredt/ noun 1. praise for something which is well deserved ć The pro- fessor took all the credit for the inven- tion. ć To his credit, he owned up immediately. 2. the length of time given to pay for something ć We give purchasers six months’ credit. 3. the side of an account showing money that you have got or which is owed to you ć We paid in £100 to the credit of Mr Smith. í plural noun credits the list of people who helped to make a film or TV programme ć Her name appears in the credits. í Basic.fm Page 78 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com credit card 79 crop verb to pay money into an account ć to credit an account with £100 or to credit £100 to an account credit card credit card /kredt kɑd/ noun a plas- tic card which allows you to borrow money and to buy goods without paying for them immediately creep creep /krip/ verb 1. to move around qui- etly ć They crept softly down the stairs. 2. to move slowly ć The traffic was creeping along the motorway because of the fog. (NOTE: creeps – creeping – crept) crew crew /kru/ noun the people who work on a vehicle such as boat or aircraft ć The lifeboat rescued the crew of the sinking ship. ć The plane was carrying 125 passengers and a crew of six. cricket cricket /krkt/ noun 1. a game played between two teams of eleven players using bats and a hard ball ć We haven’t played much cricket this year – the weather has been too bad. ć We are going to a cricket match this afternoon. 2. awake and able to know what is happening around you cried cried /krad/ past tense and past partici- ple of cry cries cries /kraz/ 3rd person singular present of cry crime crime /kram/ noun 1. illegal behaviour ć We must try to reduce the levels of crime in the inner cities. ć The government is trying to deal with the problem of crime on the streets or with the street crime problem. 2. a specific illegal act ć More crimes are committed at night than during the daytime. criminal criminal /krmn(ə)l/ adjective referring to illegal acts ć the criminal justice system ć Stealing is a criminal offence. í noun a person who commits a crime crisis crisis /krass/ noun a serious situation where decisions have to be taken very quickly ć an international crisis ć a banking crisis crisp crisp /krsp/ adjective 1. ( of food ) hard, able to be broken into pieces and making a noise when you bite it ć These bis- cuits are not crisp any more, they have gone soft. ć Pick an apple off the tree, they’re really very crisp. 2. cold and sunny ć It was a beautiful crisp morning, with frost glinting on the grass. ć She could see her breath in the crisp mountain air. criterion criterion /kra  təriən/ noun the stand- ard by which things are judged ć Does the candidate satisfy all our criteria? critic critic /krtk/ noun 1. a person who ex- amines something and comments on it, especially a person who writes comments on new plays and films for a newspaper ć She’s the TV critic of The Times. ć The film was praised by all the critics. 2. a person who says that something is bad or wrong ć The chairman tried to answer his critics at the meeting. critical critical /krtk(ə)l/ adjective 1. dangerous and difficult ć With the enemy attacking on all sides, our position was becoming critical. 2. extremely important ć He made a critical decision to break off the negotiations. 3. very serious ć The pilot of the plane was in a critical condition last night. ć The hospital said that her condition was critical. 4. criticising someone or something ć The report was highly critical of the minister. criticise criticise /krtsaz/, criticize verb to say that something or someone is bad or wrong ć She criticised their lack of in- terest and enthusiasm. ć The design of the new car has been criticised. criticism criticism /krtsz(ə)m/ noun an unfa- vourable comment or comments ć There was a lot of criticism of the government’s plan. crocodile crocodile /krɒkədal/ noun a large rep- tile which lives in or near rivers and lakes and eats other animals ć Croco- diles lay on the banks of the river wait- ing for the animals to come to drink. crooked crooked /krυkd/ adjective bent, not straight ć That picture is crooked. crop crop /krɒp/ noun plants such as vegeta- bles or cereals grown for food ć The bad weather has set the crops back by three weeks. ć We had a wonderful crop of potatoes or a wonderful potato crop this year. crop up phrasal verb to happen sud- Basic.fm Page 79 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com [...]... side, used for playing games ć Shake the dice in the cup and then throw them onto the board (NOTE: The plural is dice.) dictionary / dkʃən(ə)ri/ noun a book which lists words in alphabetical order, giving their meanings or translations into other languages (NOTE: The plural dice dictionary is dictionaries.) did /dd/ past tense of do die /da/ verb 1 to stop living did die ć His mother died last year... wages ˽ if or when it comes to the crunch if or when a point of decision is reached ć When it came to the crunch, the other side backed down crumb crumble crunch This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Basic. fm Page 81 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM crust 81 crust /kr st/ noun 1 a hard outer layer crust that covers something softer 2 the hard outside layer of bread ć You can cut the crusts off the... curved shape of a particular substance ć a curl of smoke curl up phrasal verb to bend your body into a round shape ć She curled up in the chair and went to sleep This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Basic. fm Page 82 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM curly 82 curly / k li/ adjective with natural curly curves or twists ć curly hair currency / k rəns/ noun the money currency used in a specific country... knife or scissors ć The meat is very tough – I can’t cut it with my knife ć He needs to get his hair cut ć There were curved cushion custom customary customer cut This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Basic. fm Page 83 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM cutlery six children, so she cut the cake into six pieces 2 to damage the skin with something sharp ć She cut her finger on the broken glass ć He cut himself... cycling – cycled) cyclist / saklst/ noun a person who cyclist rides a bicycle cylinder / slndə/ noun an object cylinder shaped like a tube closed at both ends This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Basic. fm Page 84 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM D damp walls í verb to wet something slightly d /di /, D noun the fourth letter of the ald phabet, between C and E dad /d d/ noun a father daily / deli/... dangerous ć Children are warned that it is dangerous to go out alone at night dangerous dangerous This is trial version www.adultpdf.com dangerously / dend ərəsli/ adverb in dangerously a dangerous way Basic. fm Page 85 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM dare 85 dare /deə/ verb 1 to be brave enough to dare do something ć I wouldn’t dare say no – I might lose my job ˽ I dare say very probably ć I dare say... tomorrow 2 the period from morning until night, when it is light ć She works all day in the office, and then looks after the children in the date daughter dawn day This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Basic. fm Page 86 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM daylight evening ć It took the workmen four days to build the wall daylight / delat/ noun light that you see during the daytime ˽ in broad daylight openly,... decision debt /det/ noun money owed to someone ć After her great success, she was able to repay all her debts ˽ to be in debt to dealer dealt dear death debate This is trial version www.adultpdf.com debt Basic. fm Page 87 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM decade owe money ć He is in debt to the tune of £2,500 decade / deked/ noun a period of ten decade years ć during the last decade of the 20th century... They always go on a skiing holiday in December ć Today is December 6th ć The cheque was dated December 6 (NOTE: December 6th or December 6: say ‘the sixth of December’ or ‘December the sixth’ or in US English ‘December sixth’.) decide /d sad/ verb to make up your decide mind to do something ć Have you decided which restaurant to go to? ć They decided to stay at home and watch TV decide against phrasal... decoration decrease decrease deed deep This is trial version www.adultpdf.com ć I’ll stay on deck because I’m feeling seasick ć Let’s go up to the top deck – you can see the sights better from there Basic. fm Page 88 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM deeply 88 way down ć The mine goes deep under the sea deeply / di pli/ adverb very much ć We deeply deeply regret having to make so many people redundant . conscientious worker. conscious conscious /kɒnʃəs/ adjective awake and able to know what is happening Basic. fm Page 70 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com consciously. being built ć The new airport is still under construction. 2. something which has been built Basic. fm Page 71 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com consult. doc- ument contestant contestant /kən  testənt/ noun a person who takes part in a competition ć Basic. fm Page 72 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com context

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