easier english basic dictionary second edition_part2 pptx

bid 31 bit shopping on her bicycle. ć He’s learn- ing to ride a bicycle. bid bid /bd/ noun 1. an offer to buy something at a particular price ć His bid for the painting was too low. 2. an attempt to do something ˽ she made a bid for power she tried to seize power í verb to make an offer to buy something at an auction ć He bid £500 for the car. (NOTE: bids – bidding – bid) big big /b/ adjective of a large size ć I don’t want a small car – I want a big one. ć His father has the biggest restaurant in town. ć I’m not afraid of him – I’m bigger than he is. ć We had a big order from Germany. (NOTE: big – bigger – biggest) bike bike /bak/ noun a bicycle ( informal ) ć He goes to school by bike. ć If the weather’s good, we could go for a bike ride. bill bill /bl/ noun 1. a piece of paper showing the amount of money you have to pay for something ć The total bill came to more than £200. ć Ask the waiter for the bill. ć Don’t forget to pay your gas bill. 2. same as beak ć The bird was picking up food with its bill. 3. a proposal which, if passed by parliament, be- comes law ć Parliament will consider the education bill this week. ć He has drafted a bill to ban the sale of guns. 4. US a piece of paper money ć a 10-dol- lar bill billion billion /bljən/ noun 1. one thousand million ć The government raises bil- lions in taxes each year. 2. one million million ( dated ) 3. a great many ć Bil- lions of Christmas cards are sent every year. (NOTE: In American English billion has always meant one thousand million, but in British English it formerly meant one million million, and it is still sometimes used with this meaning. With figures it is usually written bn: $5bn say ‘five billion dollars’.) bin bin /bn/ noun 1. a container for putting rubbish in ć Don’t throw your litter on the floor – pick it up and put it in the bin. 2. a container for keeping things in ć a bread bin í verb to throw something away into a rubbish bin ć He just binned the demand for payment. (NOTE: bins – binning – binned) bind bind /band/ verb 1. to tie someone’s hands or feet so they cannot move ć They bound her arms with a rope. 2. to tie something or someone to something else ć Bind the sticks together with strings. ć They bound him to the chair with strips of plastic. 3. to force someone to do something ć The contract binds him to make regular payments. 4. to put a cover on a book ć The book is bound in blue leather. (NOTE: binds – binding – bound – has bound) biologist biologist /ba  ɒlədst/ noun a scientist who does research in biology biology biology /ba  ɒlədi/ noun the study of living things bird bird /bd/ noun 1. an animal with wings and feathers, most of which can fly 2. a young woman ( informal ; usually used by men and sometimes regarded as offensive by women ) birth birth /bθ/ noun the occasion of being born ć He was a big baby at birth. ˽ by birth according to the country someone’s parents come from ć He is French by birth. ˽ to give birth to a baby to have a baby ć She gave birth to a boy last week. birthday birthday /bθde/ noun the date on which someone was born ć April 23rd is Shakespeare’s birthday. ć My birthday is on 25th June. ć What do you want for your birthday? biscuit biscuit /bskt/ noun a small flat, usually sweet, hard cake (NOTE: The US term for a sweet biscuit is cookie) bit bit /bt/ noun 1. a little piece ć He tied the bundle of sticks together with a bit of string. ć Would you like another bit of cake? 2. the smallest unit of information that a computer system can handle í verb  bite ȣ to bits 1. into little pieces 2. very much ć thrilled to bits ȣ to come or fall to bits to fall apart ć The chair has come to bits. ȣ to take something to bits to take something apart in order to repair it ć He’s taking my old clock to bits. ȣ a bit a little ć The painting is a bit too dark. ć She always plays that tune a bit too fast. ć Let him sleep Basic.fm Page 31 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com bite 32 blanket a little bit longer. ć Can you wait a bit? I’m not ready yet. ć Have you got a piece of wood a bit bigger than this one? ȣ for a bit for a short period of time ć Can you stop for a bit? I’m getting tired. bite bite /bat/ verb 1. to cut someone or something with your teeth ć The dog tried to bite the postman. ć She bit a piece out of the pie. 2. ( of an insect ) to make a small hole in your skin which turns red and itchy ć She’s been bitten by a mosquito. (NOTE: bites – biting – bit / bt/ – has bitten /bt(ə)n/) í noun 1. a small amount of food that you cut with your teeth in order to eat it ć She took a big bite out of the sandwich. ˽ a bite or a bite to eat a small meal 2. a place on someone’s body where it has been bitten bitter bitter /btə/ adjective 1. not sweet ć This black coffee is too bitter. 2. angry because something is not fair ć She was very bitter about the way the company treated her. 3. causing great disappoint- ment or unhappiness ć a bitter winter night ć a bitter wind coming from the Arctic ć Losing her job was a bitter blow. bitterly bitterly /btəli/ adverb strongly ć He bitterly regrets what he said. bitterness bitterness /btənəs/ noun 1. a bitter taste 2. angry feelings ć His bitterness at being left out of the England team was very obvious. black black /blk/ adjective 1. having a very dark colour, the opposite to white ć a black and white photograph ć He has black hair. 2. belonging to a race of people with dark skin, whose families are African in origin blackboard blackboard /blkbɔd/ noun a dark board which you can write on with chalk, especially on the wall of a class- room (NOTE: now often called a ‘chalkboard’) blade blade /bled/ noun 1. a sharp cutting part ć the blades of a pair of scissors ć Be careful – that knife has a very sharp blade. 2. a thin leaf of grass 3. one of the long flat parts that spin round on some aircraft engines or to keep a helicopter in the air blame blame /blem/ noun criticism for having done something wrong ć I’m not going to take the blame for something I didn’t do. ˽ to get the blame for something to be accused of something ć Who got the blame for breaking the window? – Me, of course! ˽ to take the blame for something to accept that you were responsible for something bad í verb ˽ to blame someone for something, to blame something on someone to say that someone is responsible for something ć Blame my sister for the awful food, not me. ć He blamed the accident on the bad weather. ˽ I don’t blame you I think you’re right to do that ć I don’t blame you for being annoyed, when everyone else got a present and you didn’t. ˽ you have only yourself to blame no one else is responsible for what happened ć You have only yourself to blame if you missed the chance of a free ticket. ˽ to be to blame for to be responsible for something ć The manager is to blame for the bad service. blank blank /blŋk/ adjective not containing any information, sound or writing, e.g. ć She took a blank piece of paper and drew a map. ć Have we got any blank videos left? í noun an empty space, especially on a printed form, for something to be written in ć Just fill in the blanks on the second page – age, occu- pation, etc. ȣ to go blank to be unable to remember something ć I went blank when they asked what I was doing last Tuesday. ć When he asked for my work phone number, my mind just went blank. blank out phrasal verb 1. to cross out or cover a piece of writing ć The sur- name had been blanked out. 2. to try to forget something deliberately ć She blanked out the days or the memory of the days immediately after the car crash. blanket blanket /blŋkt/ noun 1. a thick cover which you put over you to keep warm ć He woke up when the blankets fell off the bed. ć She wrapped the children up in blankets to keep them warm. 2. a thick layer ć a blanket of leaves ć A blanket of snow covered the fields. ć The motorway was covered in a blanket Basic.fm Page 32 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com blankly 33 blow of fog. 3. a barrier to protect something ć a blanket of secrecy í adjective af- fecting everything or everyone ć a blanket ban on smoking blankly blankly /blŋkli/ adverb not showing any reaction or emotion ć When the teacher asked him about his homework he just stared at her blankly. blast blast /blɑst/ noun 1. an explosion ć Several windows were shattered by the blast. 2. a strong current of wind ć an icy blast from the north 3. a sharp loud sound from a signal or whistle ć Three blasts of the alarm means that passengers should go on deck. í verb to de- stroy with a bomb or bullets ć The burglars blasted their way into the safe. ć They blasted their way out of the police trap. blaze blaze /blez/ verb to burn or shine strongly ć The fire was blazing. ć The sun blazed through the clouds. í noun a large bright fire ć The house was burned down in the blaze. bleed bleed /blid/ verb to lose blood ć His chin bled after he cut himself shaving. ć He was bleeding heavily from his wound. (NOTE: bleeds – bleeding – bled / bled/) blend blend /blend/ noun something, especially a substance, made by mixing different things together ć different blends of coffee í verb 1. to mix things together ć Blend the eggs, milk and flour together. 2. ( of colours ) to go well together ć The grey curtains blend with the pale wallpaper. bless bless /bles/ verb to make something holy by prayers ć The church was blessed by the bishop. (NOTE: blesses – blessing – blessed / blest/) ȣ to be blessed with to experience happiness or good things ć They were blessed with two healthy children. ȣ bless you said when someone sneezes blew blew /blu/ past tense of blow blind blind /bland/ adjective not able to see ć He went blind in his early forties. (NOTE: Some people avoid this word as it can cause offence and prefer terms such as visually impaired or partially sighted.) í verb to make someone unable to see, especially for a short time ć She was blinded by the bright lights of the oncoming cars. blindness blindness /blandnəs/ noun the state of not being able to see ć The disease can cause blindness. (NOTE: Some people avoid this term as it can cause offence and prefer visual impairment.) blink blink /blŋk/ noun to close your eyes and open them again very quickly ć The sudden flash of light made him blink. í verb ( of lights ) to go on and off ć The alarm light is blinking. block block /blɒk/ noun 1. a large building ć They live in a block of flats. 2. a large piece ć Blocks of ice were floating in the river. 3. something that prevents something happening ć a block on making payments ˽ to put a block on something to stop something happening 4. same as blockage 1 5. US a section of buildings surrounded by streets ć He lives two blocks away. í verb to prevent something from passing along something ć The pipe is blocked with dead leaves. ć The crash blocked the road for hours. blockage blockage /blɒkd/ noun 1. something which prevents movement ć There’s a blockage further down the drain. 2. the state of being blocked blood blood /bld/ noun the red liquid that flows around the body blossom blossom /blɒs(ə)m/ noun 1. the mass of flowers that appears on trees in the spring ć The hedges are covered with hawthorn blossom. ć The trees are in full blossom. 2. a single flower í verb to produces flowers ć The roses were blos- soming round the cottage door. blouse blouse /blaυz/ noun a woman’s shirt blow blow /bləυ/ verb 1. ( of air or wind ) to move ć The wind had been blowing hard all day. 2. to push air out from your mouth ć Blow on your soup if it’s too hot. (NOTE: blows – blowing – blew – has blown) ˽ to blow your nose to blow air through your nose into a hand- kerchief, especially if you have a cold ć She has a cold and keeps having to blow her nose. í noun 1. a knock or hit with the hand ć He received a blow to the Basic.fm Page 33 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com blue 34 bodyguard head in the fight. 2. a shock, which comes from bad news ć The election re- sult was a blow to the government. blow away phrasal verb 1. to go away by blowing ć His hat blew away. 2. to make something go away by blowing ć The wind will blow the fog away. blow down phrasal verb 1. to make something fall down by blowing ć Six trees were blown down in the storm. 2. to fall down by blowing ć The school fence has blown down. blow off phrasal verb to make something go away by blowing ć The wind blew his hat off. blow out phrasal verb to make something go out by blowing ć She blew out the candles on her birthday cake. blow over phrasal verb 1. ( of a storm or a difficult situation ) to end ć We hope the argument will soon blow over. 2. to knock something down by blowing ć The strong winds blew over several trees. blow up phrasal verb 1. to make something get bigger by blowing into it ć He blew up balloons for the party. ć Your front tyre needs blowing up. 2. to de- stroy something by making it explode ć The soldiers blew up the railway bridge. 3. to make a photograph bigger ć The article was illustrated with a blown-up picture of the little girl and her stepfa- ther. blue blue /blu/ adjective of the colour of the sky ć He wore a pale blue shirt. ć They live in the house with the dark blue door. í noun the colour of the sky ć Is there a darker blue than this available? ȣ out of the blue suddenly ć Out of the blue came an offer of a job in Australia. blues blues /bluz/ plural noun sad songs from the southern US ć Bessie Smith, the great blues singer. blunder blunder /blndə/ noun a big mistake, often one that causes a lot of embarrass- ment ć A dreadful blunder by the goal- keeper allowed their opponents to score. blunt blunt /blnt/ adjective 1. not sharp ć He tried to cut the meat with a blunt knife. 2. almost rude ć His blunt manner often upset people. bluntly bluntly /blntli/ adverb in a direct way that may upset people blurred blurred /bld/ adjective not clearly seen ć The paper printed a blurred photograph of the suspect. blush blush /blʃ/ verb to go red in the face because you are ashamed or embarrassed ć She blushed when he spoke to her. board board /bɔd/ noun 1. a long flat piece of something such as wood ć The floor of the bedroom was just bare boards. 2. a blackboard or chalkboard ć The teacher wrote on the board. boast boast /bəυst/ verb 1. to have something good ć The house boasts a large garden and pond. ć The town boasts an 18-hole golf course. 2. to say how good or suc- cessful you are í noun the act of talking about things that you are proud of ć Their proudest boast is that they never surrendered. boat boat /bəυt/ noun a small vehicle that people use for moving on water ć They sailed their boat across the lake. ć They went to Spain by boat. ć When is the next boat to Calais? ȣ in the same boat in the same difficult situation ć Don’t expect special treatment – we’re all in the same boat. body body /bɒdi/ noun 1. the whole of a person or of an animal ć He had pains all over his body. (NOTE: The plural is bodies.) 2. the main part of an animal or person, but not the head and arms and legs ć She had scars on the arms and upper part of her body. (NOTE: The plural is bodies.) 3. the body of a dead person or animal ć The dead man’s body was found in the river. ć Bodies of infected cows were burnt in the fields. 4. the main structure of a vehicle ć The factory used to make car bodies. 5. the main part of something ć You’ll find the details in the body of the report. (NOTE: The plural is bodies.) 6. the thickness of hair ć The shampoo will give your hair body. (NOTE: no plural) bodyguard bodyguard /bɒdiɑd/ noun 1. a person who guards someone ć The man was stopped by the president’s body- Basic.fm Page 34 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com boil 35 booking guards. 2. a group of people who guard someone ć He has a bodyguard of six people or a six-man bodyguard. boil boil /bɔl/ verb 1. ( of water or other liquid ) to form bubbles and change into steam or gas because of being heated ć Put the egg in when you see that the water’s boiling. ć Don’t let the milk boil. 2. to heat a liquid until it changes into steam ć Can you boil some water so we can make tea? 3. to cook food such as vegetables or eggs in boiling water ć Boil the potatoes in a large pan. í noun an infected swelling ć He has a boil on the back of his neck. boiling boiling /bɔlŋ/ adjective 1. which has started to boil (i.e. for water, at 100°C) ć Put the potatoes in a pan of boiling water. 2. also boiling hot very hot ć It is boiling in this room. bolt bolt /bəυlt/ noun 1. a long piece of metal with a screw, fastened with a round piece of metal called a nut ć The legs of the table are secured to the top with bolts. 2. a long piece of metal which you slide into a hole to lock a door ć She pulled back the bolts. 3. ˽ to make a bolt for it to run away ć When the guards weren’t looking two prisoners tried to make a bolt for it. í verb 1. to run fast suddenly ć The horse bolted. 2. to run away from someone or something ć When the boys saw him coming, they bolted. 3. to fasten something with a bolt ć He bolted the door when he went to bed. ć The tables are bolted to the floor. ȣ to make a bolt for something to rush towards something ć At the end of the show everyone made a bolt for the door. ȣ to make a bolt for it to run away from someone or something ć When the guards weren’t looking two prisoners tried to make a bolt for it. bomb bomb /bɒm/ noun a weapon which ex- plodes, and can be dropped from an aircraft or placed somewhere by hand ć The bomb was left in a suitcase in the middle of the station. ć They phoned to say that a bomb had been planted in the main street. ć Enemy aircraft dropped bombs on the army base. í verb to drop bombs on something ć Enemy aircraft bombed the power station. bombing bombing /bɒmŋ/ noun an occasion when someone attacks a place with a bomb or bombs ć bombings in centre of major cities ć a bombing raid by enemy aircraft bone bone /bəυn/ noun one of the solid pieces in the body, which make up the skeleton ć He fell over and broke a bone in his leg. ć Be careful when you’re eating fish – they have lots of little bones. bonfire bonfire /bɒnfaə/ noun a fire made out- doors bonnet bonnet /bɒnt/ noun 1. the metal cover over the front part of a car, covering the engine ć He lifted up the bonnet and looked at the steam pouring out of the engine. 2. a hat with strings that tie under the chin bonus bonus /bəυnəs/ noun 1. extra money ć Sales staff earn a bonus if they sell more than their target. 2. an advantage ć It was a bonus that the plane arrived early, as we were able to catch an earlier bus home. (NOTE: The plural is bonus- es.) ˽ added bonus an additional advantage ć I prefer this job and it’s an added bonus that I can walk to work. bony bony /bəυni/ adjective 1. thin, so that the bones can be seen easily ć She was riding a bony horse. ć He grabbed her arm with his bony hand. 2. ( of fish ) with many bones ć I don’t like kippers, they’re usually too bony. (NOTE: bonier – boniest) book book /bυk/ noun 1. sheets of printed paper attached together, usually with a stiff cover ć I’m reading a book on the history of London. ć He wrote a book about butterflies. 2. sheets of paper to write or draw on, attached together in a cover. ı exercise book, notebook, sketchbook í verb to reserve a place, a seat, a table in a restaurant or a room in a hotel ć We have booked a table for tomorrow evening. ˽ to book someone on or onto a flight to order a plane ticket for someone else ć I’ve booked you on the 10 o’clock flight to New York. booking booking /bυkŋ/ noun an arrangement to have something such as a seat, hotel room or a table in a restaurant kept for you Basic.fm Page 35 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com boom 36 bottled boom boom /bum/ noun 1. a sudden increase in the amount of money being earned in a country or region, or by a business ć The economy is improving and everyone is forecasting a boom for next year. 2. a loud deep noise, like the sound of an explosion ć There was such a loud boom that everyone jumped. í verb 1. to increase ć The economy is booming. ć Sales to Europe are booming. 2. to make a loud deep noise ć His voice boomed across the square. boot boot /but/ noun a strong shoe which covers your foot and your ankle or the lower part of your leg ć long black riding boots ć walking boots ć ankle boots boot up phrasal verb 1. to make a computer start 2. ( of a computer ) to be started up and made ready for use border border /bɔdə/ noun 1. an imaginary line between countries or regions ć They crossed the border into Switzer- land. ć The enemy shelled several border towns. ć He was questioned by the border guards. 2. a pattern around the edge of something ć I don’t like the pink border on the scarf. 3. a patch of soil at the side of a path or an area of grass where flowers or bushes are planted í verb to be along the edge of something ć The path is bordered with rose bushes. ć The new houses border the west side of the park. border on phrasal verb same as border verb bore bore /bɔ/ noun a dull person who is not very interesting ć I don’t want to sit next to him, he’s such a bore. í verb to make a hole in something ć Bore three holes close together. bored bored /bɔd/ adjective not interested in what is happening ć You get very bored having to do the same work every day. ć I’m bored – let’s go out to the club. boredom boredom /bɔdəm/ noun the state of being bored boring boring /bɔrŋ/ adjective not interesting ć I don’t want to watch that TV programme – it’s boring. born born /bɔn/ verb to come out of your mother’s body and begin to live ć He was born in Scotland. ć She was born in 1989. ć The baby was born last week. borne borne /bɔn/ past participle of bear borrow borrow /bɒrəυ/ verb 1. to take something for a short time, usually with the permission of the owner ć She borrowed three books from the school li- brary. ć He wants to borrow one of my CDs. 2. to take money for a time, usually from a bank ć Companies borrow from banks to finance their business. ć She borrowed £100,000 from the bank to buy a flat. Compare lend boss boss /bɒs/ noun the person in charge, especially the owner of a business ć If you want a day off, ask the boss. ć I left because I didn’t get on with my boss. (NOTE: The plural is bosses.) both both /bəυθ/ adjective , pronoun two people or things together ć Hold onto the handle with both hands. ć Both my shoes have holes in them. ć Both her brothers are very tall. ć She has two brothers, both of them in Canada. ć She and her brother both go to the same school. ć I’m talking to both of you. bother bother /bɒðə/ noun trouble or worry ć We found the shop without any bother. ć It was such a bother getting packed that we nearly didn’t go on holiday. í verb 1. to make someone feel slightly angry, especially by disturbing them ć It both- ers me that everyone is so lazy. ć Stop bothering me – I’m trying to read. 2. ˽ to bother to do something to take the time or trouble to do something ć Don’t bother to come with me to the station – I can find my way easily. bottle bottle /bɒt(ə)l/ noun 1. a tall plastic or glass container for liquids, usually with a narrow part at the top ć He opened two bottles of red wine. ć She drank the water straight out of the bottle. ć He bought his wife a bottle of perfume on the plane. 2. confidence ( informal ) ć He hasn’t got the bottle to do it. í verb to put in bottles ć The wine is bottled in Germany. ć Only bottled water is safe to drink. bottled bottled /bɒt(ə)ld/ adjective sold in bottles Basic.fm Page 36 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com bottom 37 brain bottom bottom /bɒtəm/ noun 1. the lowest point ć The ship sank to the bottom of the sea. ć Turn left at the bottom of the hill. ć Is there any honey left in the bottom of the jar? 2. the far end ć Go down to the bottom of the street and you will see the station on your left. ć The shed is at the bottom of the garden. 3. the part of the body on which you sit ć Does my bottom look big in these trousers? í plural noun bottoms the lower part of a set of clothes ć He was wearing just his track suit bottoms. í adjective lowest ć The jam is on the bottom shelf. ć He was standing on the bottom rung of the lad- der. bought bought /bɔt/ past tense and past participle of buy bounce bounce /baυns/ noun 1. a movement of something such as a ball when it hits a surface and moves away again ć He hit the ball on the second bounce. 2. energy ć She’s always full of bounce. í verb to spring up and down or off a surface ć The ball bounced down the stairs. ć He kicked the ball but it bounced off the post. ć In this game you bounce the ball against the wall. bound bound /baυnd/ noun a big jump í adjective 1. very likely ć They are bound to be late. 2. obliged ć He felt bound to help her. ć He is bound by the contract he signed last year. 3. tied up ć a bundle of old letters bound with pink ribbon ć The burglars left him bound hand and foot. í verb to make a big jump, or move fast suddenly ć She bounded into the room. ć He bounded out of his chair. ć The dog bounded into the bushes. ȣ bound for on the way to ć a ship bound for the Gulf boundary boundary /baυnd(ə)ri/ noun an imaginary line or physical barrier separating two things ć Their behaviour crossed the boundary between unkindness and cruelty. ć The white fence marks the boundary between the two gardens. bow bow /baυ/ noun 1. the act of bending your body forwards as a greeting or sign of respect ć He made a deep bow to the audience. ˽ to take a bow to stand on a stage and bend forwards to thank the audience ć The actors took their bows one after the other. 2. the front part of a ship í verb 1. to bend your body forward as a greeting or sign of respect ć He bowed to the queen. 2. to bend your head forwards ć She bowed her head over her books. bowl bowl /bəυl/ noun 1. a wide, round container for something such as food or water ć Put the egg whites in a bowl and beat them. 2. the food or liquid con- tained in a bowl ć He was eating a bowl of rice. ć A bowl of hot thick soup is just what you need in this cold weather. í verb 1. ( especially in cricket ) to throw a ball to a batsman ˽ to bowl someone (out) to throw the ball to someone and hit his or her wicket 2. ( in a game of bowls ) to roll a bowl along the ground to try to get close to the target box box /bɒks/ noun 1. a container made of wood, plastic, cardboard or metal, with a lid ć The cakes came in a cardboard box. 2. a container and its contents ć He took a box of matches from his pocket. ć He gave her a box of chocolates for her birthday. í verb to fight by punching, especially when wearing special thick gloves ć He learnt to box at a gym in the East End. boxing boxing /bɒksŋ/ noun a sport in which two opponents fight each other in a square area wearing special thick gloves boy boy /bɔ/ noun 1. a male child ć A boy from our school won the tennis match. ć I knew him when he was a boy. 2. a son ć Her three boys are all at university. 3. ˽ the boys men who are friends, or who play sport together ( informal ) boyfriend boyfriend /bɔfrend/ noun a young or older man that someone is having a ro- mantic relationship with ć She’s got a new boyfriend. ć She brought her boyfriend to the party. bra bra /brɑ/ noun a piece of women’s un- derwear worn to support the breasts bracelet bracelet /breslət/ noun a piece of jew- ellery worn around your wrist or arm brain brain /bren/ noun 1. the nerve centre in the head, which controls all the body 2. intelligence ˽ to use your brain to think sensibly ˽ she’s got brains, she’s got a good brain she’s intelligent Basic.fm Page 37 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com brainy 38 break brainy brainy /breni/ adjective very intelligent ( informal ) (NOTE: brainier – brainiest) brake brake /brek/ noun a part of a vehicle used for stopping or making it go more slowly ć Put the brake on when you go down a hill. ć The brakes aren’t working! í verb to slow down by pressing a vehicle’s brakes ć The driver of the little white van braked, but too late to avoid the dog. branch branch /brɑntʃ/ noun 1. a thick part of a tree, growing out of the main part ć He hit his head against a low branch. 2. a local office of an organisation ć He’s the manager of our local branch of Lloyds Bank. ć The store has branches in most towns in the south of the country. 3. one part of something larger ć Genetics is a branch of biology. ć I’m not in contact with the Irish branch of my family. 4. a section of a road, railway line or river that leads to or from the main part í verb to divide into two or more parts brand brand /brnd/ noun a product with a name, made by a particular company ć a well-known brand of soap í verb to describe someone or something publicly as bad ć He was branded as a thief. ć The minister was publicly branded a liar in the newspaper. brand name brand name /brnd nem/ noun the official name of a product brand-new brand-new /brnd nju/ adjective completely new brass brass /brɑs/ noun 1. a shiny yellow metal used for making things such as some musical instruments and door han- dles ć The doctor has a brass name plate on his door. 2. musical instruments made of brass, such as trumpets or trombones ć the brass section of the orchestra ć He has composed several pieces of music for brass. brave brave /brev/ adjective not afraid of doing unpleasant or dangerous things ć It was very brave of him to dive into the river to rescue the little girl. (NOTE: braver – bravest) í verb to accept unpleasant or dangerous conditions in order to achieve something ć We braved the Saturday crowds in the supermarket because we needed bread and milk. bravely bravely /brevli/ adverb in a brave way bravery bravery /brevəri/ noun the ability to do dangerous or unpleasant things without being afraid ć We admired her bravery in coping with the illness. ć He won an award for bravery. bread bread /bred/ noun food made from flour and water baked in an oven ć Can you get a loaf of bread from the baker’s? ć She cut thin slices of bread for sand- wiches. breadth breadth /bredθ/ noun 1. a measurement of how wide something is ć The breadth of the piece of land is over 300m. 2. the fact of being full or complete ć His an- swers show the breadth of his knowl- edge of the subject. ȣ the length and breadth of something everywhere in a place ć We walked the length and breadth of the field but found no mush- rooms. break break /brek/ verb 1. to make something divide into pieces accidentally or deliberately ć He dropped the plate on the floor and broke it. ć She broke her leg when she was skiing. ć Break the choc- olate into four pieces. 2. to divide into pieces accidentally ć The clock fell on the floor and broke. 3. to fail to carry out the terms of a contract or a rule ć The company has broken its agreement. ˽ to break a promise not to do what you had promised to do ć He broke his promise and wrote to her again. 4. ˽ to break it or to break the news to someone to tell someone bad news ć We will have to break it to her as gently as possible. (NOTE: Do not confuse with brake. Note also breaks – breaking – broke / brəυk/ – has broken /brəυkən/.) í noun 1. a short pause or rest ć There will be a 15-minute break in the middle of the meeting. ˽ without a break without stopping ć They worked without a break. ˽ to take a break to have a short rest ć We’ll take a break now, and start again in fifteen minutes. 2. a short holiday ć a winter break ȣ to break your journey to stop travelling for a while before going on ć We’ll break our journey in Edinburgh. break down phrasal verb 1. ( of a machine ) to stop working ć The lift has Basic.fm Page 38 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com breakable 39 breeze broken down again. ć The car broke down and we had to push it. 2. to show all the items that are included in a total separately ć Can you break down this invoice into travel costs and extras? 3. to become upset and start crying ć When she got her results she just broke down. 4. to separate a substance into small parts, or to become separated ć Enzymes break down the food. 5. to fail ć Their relationship quickly broke down when he lost his job. ć The discussions seem likely to break down over the amount of money being offered. break in phrasal verb 1. ˽ to break in, to break into a building to use force to get into a building ć Burglars broke into the office during the night. 2. to in- terrupt something that is happening ć I’m sorry to break in, but I need to speak to Mr McGregor urgently. break into phrasal verb to start doing something ć When they saw the photos, they broke into laughter. break off phrasal verb 1. to make something come off by breaking ć He broke a piece off his pie and gave it to the dog. 2. to come off by breaking ć The handle broke off the cup in the dish- washer. ć Several branches broke off in the wind. 3. to stop something suddenly ć He broke off in the middle of his story. ć They broke off the discussions. ˽ to break it off to end a relationship ć They were going to get married, but she broke it off. break out phrasal verb 1. to start ć War broke out between the countries in the area. 2. to escape ć Three prisoners broke out of jail. break up phrasal verb 1. to divide into pieces ć The oil tanker was breaking up on the rocks. 2. ( of a meeting ) to end ć The meeting broke up at 3 p.m. breakable breakable /brekəb(ə)l/ adjective that can break easily breakdown breakdown /brekdaυn/ noun 1. a situation in which someone cannot contin- ue to live normally any more because they are mentally ill or very tired 2. a situation in which a machine or vehicle stops working ć We had a breakdown on the motorway. ć A breakdown truck came to tow us to the garage. breakfast breakfast /brekfəst/ noun the first meal of the day ć I had a boiled egg for breakfast. ć She didn’t have any breakfast because she was in a hurry. ć The hotel serves breakfast from 7.30 to 9.30 every day. breast breast /brest/ noun 1. one of two parts on a woman’s chest which produce milk 2. meat from the chest part of a bird ć We bought some chicken breasts to make a stir-fry. breath breath /breθ/ noun air which goes into and out of the body through the nose or mouth ć We could see our breath in the cold air. ˽ out of breath, gasping for breath having difficulty in breathing ć He was out of breath after running all the way to the station. ˽ to hold your breath to keep air in your lungs, e.g. in order to go under water ć She held her breath under water for a minute. ˽ to take a deep breath to breathe in as much air as you can ȣ to take someone’s breath away to surprise someone very much ć The beautiful view just took our breath away. ȣ under your breath quietly ć He swore under his breath. ȣ don’t hold your breath don’t expect it to happen ć He said he’ll pay us next month, but don’t hold your breath! breathe breathe /brið/ verb to take air into the lungs or let it out ć Relax and breathe in and then out slowly. ˽ to breathe deep- ly to take a lot of air into the lungs ˽ breathing down someone’s neck always watching and judging what someone is doing breathless breathless /breθləs/ adjective finding it difficult to breathe breed breed /brid/ noun a group of animals or plants specially developed with features that make it different from others of the same type í verb 1. to produce young animals ć Rabbits breed very rapidly. 2. to keep animals which produce young ones ć They breed sheep for the meat and the wool. (NOTE: breeds – breed- ing – bred / bred/) breeze breeze /briz/ noun a slight wind ć A cool breeze is welcome on a hot day like Basic.fm Page 39 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com brick 40 brown this. í verb to walk around looking very pleased with yourself ć He breezed into the meeting carrying a cup of coffee. breeze through phrasal verb to do something without any difficulty ć She breezed through the tests in an hour. brick brick /brk/ noun a hard block of baked clay used for building bride bride /brad/ noun a woman who is getting married or has just married bridge bridge /brd/ noun 1. a road or path built over a road or river so that you can walk or drive from one side to the other 2. a connection or helpful link between two things ć A shared interest can be a bridge between old and young. brief brief /brif/ adjective short ć He wrote a brief note of thanks. ć The meeting was very brief. ȣ in brief in a few words, or without giving details ć We have food for only a few days; in brief, the situation is very serious. briefcase briefcase /brifkes/ noun a case for carrying papers or documents briefly briefly /brifli/ adverb 1. for a short time 2. in a few words, or without giving details bright bright /brat/ adjective 1. full of light or sunlight ć a bright day ć a bright room ˽ bright sunshine or sunlight strong clear light from the sun 2. ( of a colour ) very strong ć They have painted their front door bright orange. 3. a young person who is bright is intelligent ć Both children are very bright. ć She’s the brightest student we’ve had for many years. 4. clear and sunny ć There will be bright periods during the after- noon. 5. happy and pleasant ć She gave me a bright smile. brightly brightly /bratli/ adverb 1. in a strong clear light or colour ć A children’s book with brightly painted pictures. ć The streets were brightly lit for Christmas. 2. cheerfully ć She smiled brightly as she went into the hospital. brightness brightness /bratnəs/ noun 1. strong clear light 2. strong colour brilliant brilliant /brljənt/ adjective 1. extreme- ly clever ć He’s the most brilliant student of his year. ć She had a brilliant idea. 2. ( of light ) strong and clear ć She stepped out into the brilliant sunshine. 3. very good ( informal ) ć The way the information is displayed on this website is brilliant. bring bring /brŋ/ verb to come with someone or something to this place ć She brought the books to school with her. ć He brought his girlfriend home for tea. ć Are you bringing any friends to the party? (NOTE: brings – bringing – brought / brɔt/) bring up phrasal verb 1. to look after and educate a child ć He was born in the USA but brought up in England. ć He was brought up by his uncle in Scot- land. 2. to mention a problem ć He brought up the question of the noise. brink brink /brŋk/ noun the brink the time when something is about to happen ˽ on the brink of (doing) something about to achieve something ć The company is on the brink of collapse. ć She was on the brink of a nervous breakdown. British British /brtʃ/ adjective relating to the United Kingdom ć a British citizen ć the British army ć The British press re- ported their death in a plane crash in Africa. ć The ship was flying a British flag. broad broad /brɔd/ adjective very wide ć a broad river ı breadth broadcast broadcast /brɔdkɑst/ noun a radio or TV programme ć The broadcast came live from the award ceremony. broke broke /brəυk/ adjective with no money ( informal ) í past tense of break broken broken /brəυkən/ adjective 1. in pieces ć She tried to mend the broken vase. 2. not working ć We can’t use the lift because it’s broken. brooch brooch /brəυtʃ/ noun a piece of jewel- lery fixed onto clothes with a pin (NOTE: The plural is brooches.) brother brother /brðə/ noun a boy or man who has the same mother and father as someone else ć My brother John is three years older than me. ć She came with her three brothers. brought brought /brɔt/ past tense and past participle of bring brown brown /braυn/ adjective 1. with a colour like earth or wood ć She has brown hair Basic.fm Page 40 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com [...]... www.adultpdf.com Basic. fm Page 44 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM bye 44 She was knocked down by a car 5 used for showing amounts ć We sell tomatoes by the kilo ć Eggs are sold by the dozen ć Prices have been increased by 5% ć They won by 4 goals to 2 í ad- bye verb past ć She drove by without seeing us bye /ba/, bye-bye / ba ba/ interjection goodbye (informal ) bye This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Basic. fm... definitely ć She This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Basic. fm Page 52 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM certificate certainly impressed the judges ć He certainly knows how to score goals certificate /sə tfkət/ noun an official document which proves or shows something ć She has been awarded a certificate for swimming ć He has a certificate of competence in English chain /tʃen/ noun 1 a series of metal rings... classic / kl sk/ noun a great book, play or piece of music ć ‘The Maltese Falcon’ is a Hollywood classic ć We have This is trial version www.adultpdf.com classic Basic. fm Page 59 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM classical to study several classics of English literature for our course í adjective 1 (of a style) elegant and traditional ć The classic little black dress is always in fashion ć The style of the... autumn (NOTE: buries bury – burying – buried) This is trial version www.adultpdf.com bus /b s/ noun a large motor vehicle bus which carries passengers ć He goes to work by bus ć She takes the 8 o’clock Basic. fm Page 43 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM bush 43 bus to school every morning ć We missed the last bus and had to walk home bush /bυʃ/ noun a small tree bush ć a small bush with red berries ć An... do a lot of business with France ć She works in the electricity business ˽ on business working ć The sales director is in Holland on business 2 a company ć She runs a photography business ć He runs a secondhand car business (NOTE: The plural is businesses.) 3 something that affects a particular person ˽ it’s none of your business it’s nothing to do with you / bznəs p s(ə)n/ noun a person who works.. .Basic. fm Page 41 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM bruise 41 and blue eyes ć It’s autumn and the leaves are turning brown 2 with skin made dark by the sun ć He’s very brown – he must have been sitting in... I’m in the office ć Mr Smith is out – shall I ask him to call you back? ć Call This is trial version www.adultpdf.com thorns which grows in the desert (NOTE: The plural is cactuses or cacti / k kta/.) Basic. fm Page 46 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM callbox 46 the police – the shop has been burgled! ć Can you call me a cab, please? 3 to wake someone ć Call me at 7 o’clock 4 to give someone or something... remember what the doctor told us to do? ć I can’t bear to watch any longer 2 to be allowed to do something ć Children uncalmly came camel camera camp campaign can This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Basic. fm Page 47 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM canal 47 der 18 can’t drive cars ć He says we can go in ć The policeman says we can’t park here 3 to ask politely ć Can we come in, please? ć Can you shut... capital is in the eastern part of the country ć Madrid is the capital of Spain 2 money which is incapability capable capacity capital This is trial version www.adultpdf.com plural in this sense is candies.) Basic. fm Page 48 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM captain 48 vested ć a company with £10,000 capital or with a capital of £10,000 3 also capital letter a letter written as A, B, C, D, etc., rather than... care or thought ć He is careless about his work ć He made several careless mistakes when he took his driving test cardboard care career careful carefully careless This is trial version www.adultpdf.com Basic. fm Page 49 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM carelessly 49 cassette carelessly / keələsli/ adverb without carry out phrasal verb to do some- taking care or thinking carefully carelessness / keələsnəs/ . of Christmas cards are sent every year. (NOTE: In American English billion has always meant one thousand million, but in British English it formerly meant one million million, and it is still sometimes. The painting is a bit too dark. ć She always plays that tune a bit too fast. ć Let him sleep Basic. fm Page 31 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com bite 32. especially on a printed form, for something to be written in ć Just fill in the blanks on the second page – age, occu- pation, etc. ȣ to go blank to be unable to remember something ć I went

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