Table 5 Conditions of belt polishing for bright finishing aluminum die-cast soleplates
Trang 13•
Trang 17ConstituentsComposition, %
Solution A
Trang 19Solution 3
Solution 4
Trang 20Constituent or conditionRange
Phosphoric-nitric(a)
Trang 23Acid brightening
VAW brightener
Trang 26Anodizing
Smut removal(a)
Trang 28Anodizing
Trang 33Solution 1
Trang 34Solution 3
Trang 36μ••••••Table 16 Applications of aluminum using chemical conversion coatingsApplicationAluminum alloySubsequent coating
Oxide conversion coatings
Phosphate conversion coatings
Trang 39Desired operating range
Trang 44Electrical and electronics applications
General hardware
Household appliances
Trang 48Operating temperatureSolution No.Type of solutionCompositionAmount°C°FCycle time, sAlloys 1100 and 3003Alloys 413, 319, 356 and 380
Trang 49Operating temperatureSolution No.Type of solutionCompositionAmount°C°FCycle time, s
Trang 50°C°Fs
Preplating surface preparation procedures suitable for most aluminum casting alloys, for wrought aluminum alloys containing less than approximately 3% Mg (e.g., 1100, 3003, 3004, 2011, 2017, 2024, 5052, and 6061), and for aluminum alloys whose identities are not known
Trang 61Table 25 Designations for aluminum finishes
Designation(a)Finish
Trang 65Resinous and other organic coatings R
Trang 66Electroplated and other metal coatings E
Trang 67μ
Trang 68• Coppers,
• High-copper alloys,
• Copper-zinc alloys (brasses),
• Copper-tin alloys (phosphor bronzes),
• Copper-aluminum alloys (aluminum bronzes),
• Copper-silicon alloys (silicon bronzes),
• Copper-nickel alloys,
• Copper-zinc-nickel alloys (nickel silvers),
• Special alloys,
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Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials,ASM Handbook.
Trang 69Pickling and Bright Dipping
Table 1 Pickling conditions for copper-base materialsConstituent or conditionAmount or value
Sulfuric acid bath
Trang 72Table 3 Pickling conditions for copper alloys containing silicon
Constituent or condition
Solution ASolution B
Trang 74SolutionTank material
Table 5 Equipment requirements for pickling brass tubes or rods
TemperatureTanks(a)MaterialSolution
°C°F
Trang 77Size of abrasive particlesMaterialMediummmin.Tumbling time, hFinishHeavy cuttingModerate cutting
Light cutting(a)
Table 7 Operating conditions for bright rolling or water rolling
Trang 78Table 8 Operating conditions for cleaning and pickling in water rolling barrels
TemperatureSolutionConcentration
Trang 80Table 10 Offhand belt polishing and wheel buffing operations for sand cast red brass parts
Trang 81• Wire wheels
• Emery cloth or paper
• Polishing wheels headed with greaseless compounds
• Soft tampico and manila brushes
Trang 82Chemical and Electrochemical Cleaning
Trang 84Table 13 Compounds used for formulating alkaline cleaners
ComponentSoak cleaners,
%
Trang 90μ
Trang 94Table 14 Bath compositions and operating conditions for tin-lead plating
Trang 95••••μ•••••
• Composition of the material
• Condition of the initial surface
Trang 97Table 15 Solutions for coloring copper alloysDesired
color
Solution compositionProcess conditionsComments
Solutions for alloys containing ≥85% Cu
≤
Trang 101••••
Revised by James E Hillis, Dow Chemical Company
Corrosion,ASM Handbook,
Trang 102Ten-day ASTM B 117 salt-spray corrosion performance of high-purity AZ91D (0.1 mm/yr, or 4 mils/yr, left) versus AZ91B (17 mm/yr, or 680 mils/yr, right) Source: Ref 3, 6
Five-year Gulf Coast corrosion performance of coated AZ91D die cast magnesium (left) versus cold-rolled carbon steel (right) Both panels were cleaned, iron phosphatized, coated with 18 μm (0.7 mil) of baked cathodic epoxy primer and 12 to 20 μm (0.5 to 0.8 mil) of acrylic lacquer The test was conducted at the ASTM Brazos River site near Freeport, TX using scribed panels per ASTM D 1654 Source: Ref 1
Trang 103Systems for specific parts
μ μ
μ
Trang 105Proc Int Magnesium Assoc.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
Trang 106For wrought alloys only
Trang 112μ
μμ
Trang 113Corrosion,ASM Handbook,
Trang 117μ
μ
μ
μ
Trang 118Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
Trang 121For light green coating, thin
For dark green coating, thick(e)
Trang 122μ μ
μ μ
Trang 124Dichromate-bifluoride dip
Heat-humidity aging(e)
μ
HAE anodizing treatment (MIL-C-13335, amendment 1; MIL-M-45202) Conditions for cleaning and rinsing same as for galvanic anodizing treatment
Trang 125Bath Replenishment.
Post-Treatment.
Trang 126Type of coatingOperating conditions
Trang 128Proc Int Magnesium AssociationProc Int Magnesium Association
Table 4 Effects of lack of control of process variables in acid pickling, chemical, and anodic treatmentsEffect of operating out of recommended rangeTreatmentSolution constituent or conditionRecommended range
Too lowToo high
Trang 133Table 5 Causes and corrections of difficulties with coatings produced by the chrome pickle and sealed chrome pickle treatments
Trang 134Table 6 Causes and corrections of difficulties with dichromate coatings
Trang 135Table 7 Causes and corrections of difficulties with coatings produced by anodizing treatments
DifficultyCauseCorrective procedure
Trang 136Chemical treatment No 17
Trang 137μ
• Abrasion resistance:
• Salt spray (fog) exposure:
Trang 141Preparing magnesium alloys for nickel plating
Trang 143operating conditions
Alkaline cleaning,
Trang 145Zinc Immersion Coating.
Table 8 Composition of zinc immersion bath
Concentration
NominalRangeActivatorConstituent
Trang 146or
Copper strike plating
Trang 148Zinc immersion deposits
Chromium
Copper
Nickel
Copper, nickel, tin, cadmium, and zinc
Trang 149Table 10 Organic finishing systems for magnesium alloysTypical finishing system forAppearance effectInterior service(a)Exterior service(b)μμ μ
Table 11 Military finishing systems for magnesium alloys
Trang 152A Bloyce, P.H Morton, and T Bell, University of Birmingham, U.K
Trang 154••
Trang 155•••
Trang 156Cleaning and belt grinding sequences for Ti-6Al-4V sheet
Trang 157• Dry blasting:
Trang 160Pickling Procedures following Descaling
Table 2 Corrosion of titanium in sulfuric acid pickle baths