Adobe Illustrator CS4 bible phần 8 potx

19_345191-pp03.indd 50419_345191-pp03.indd 504 10/24/08 1:28:31 PM10/24/08 1:28:31 PM 505 P robably some of the most amazing illustrations you see in Illustrator come from using graphic styles and effects. Graphic styles can increase your productivity with any type of repeating symbol or set of attri- butes that you use daily. Set as a style, you can use it over and over again. Those of you looking to create special effects, look no further. In this chap- ter, you discover when to use effects. Along with effects, you also see a variety of artwork that combines effects with graphic styles. Understanding How Graphic Styles Work Graphic styles have brought Illustrator to the front of the pack in illustration software. Graphic styles give you the ability to save all of an object’s attri- butes in a panel. You can use the Graphic Styles panel to quickly add the attributes, such as transparency, effects, strokes, and fills, to another object. Creating a style is pretty darn easy. Simply create the look you want on an object. Then, with your object selected, choose New Graphic Style from the Graphic Styles panel’s popup menu. That’s it! Now you can use that style anytime you want. It seems like a breeze, but before diving headfirst into the Graphic Styles panel, first check out the Appearance panel. The Appearance panel houses all the information about a selected object. The information includes the stroke information, fill information, any effects IN THIS CHAPTER Working with graphic styles Using the Appearance panel Working with effects Experiencing the new Scribble effect Working with Graphic Styles and Effects 20_345191-ch15.indd 50520_345191-ch15.indd 505 10/24/08 1:30:00 PM10/24/08 1:30:00 PM 506 Mastering Illustrator Part III from the Effect menu, and transparency information. In this Appearance panel, you can continu- ally edit, rearrange, and delete this style information. NOTE NOTE You can’t apply graphic styles to type unless you change the type to outlines. For more on changing type to outlines, see Chapter 9. Using the Appearance panel The Appearance panel shows all strokes, fills, transparency, multiple fills, and any effects or transformations applied to that selected object. You open the Appearance panel by choosing Window ➪ Appearance. Figure 15.1 shows the Appearance panel. FIGURE 15.1 With an object selected, the Appearance panel displays that object’s information. Visibility icon Add new stroke Expand contents Add new fill Delete selected item Duplicate selected item Clear appearanceAdd new effect The panel area shows the sequential order of the attributes that make up the object. Each time you add to the object, it becomes listed above the previous entry. With this stacking order, you can drag other information, such as stroke weight, above or below the other entries, creating a different look to the object. The Appearance panel’s popup menu, as shown in Figure 15.2, has a few options from which to choose. To access this menu, simply click the triangle on the upper right of the panel. Under this menu, you can find the following: Add New Fill, Add New Stroke, Duplicate Item, Remove Item, 20_345191-ch15.indd 50620_345191-ch15.indd 506 10/24/08 1:30:02 PM10/24/08 1:30:02 PM 507 Working with Graphic Styles and Effects 15 Clear Appearance, Reduce to Basic Appearance, New Art Has Basic Appearance, Hide Thumbnail, Redefine Graphic Style, and Show All Hidden Attributes. Each of these items is discussed in detail later in this chapter. FIGURE 15.2 The Appearance panel’s popup menu gives you additional options. Editing and adding strokes and fills Editing an item is as easy as clicking. Click the item you want to edit and then make your changes, and the object immediately updates to your edits. When you click an effect in the Appearance panel, Illustrator displays the dialog box for that particular effect. You can click a stroke or a fill in the Appearance panel and then make edits in the miniature Stroke or Fill panel that opens, as shown in Figure 15.3. To edit a stroke or a fill, click one time in the Appearance panel to select the stroke or fill and then change the color of the stroke or fill and the stroke weight. To edit the stroke weight and color by using the Appearance panel, follow these steps: 1. Select the object with the Selection tool. For more on the Selection tool, see Chapter 6. 2. In the Appearance panel, change the stroke weight by clicking and holding it and then choosing a new stroke width and other stroke attributes in the miniature Stroke panel. 3. In the Appearance panel, choose a new color by clicking and holding on the drop- down arrow to display the Color/Swatch miniature panel, as shown in Figure 15.4. The color is automatically updated for the object. 20_345191-ch15.indd 50720_345191-ch15.indd 507 10/24/08 1:30:04 PM10/24/08 1:30:04 PM 508 Mastering Illustrator Part III FIGURE 15.3 When you click a stroke or a fill in the Appearance panel, Illustrator displays a miniature panel for it. FIGURE 15.4 Clicking and holding the dropdown arrow on the stroke allows you to quickly change its color. Duplicating and removing items Under the Appearance panel’s popup menu is a menu item you can use to remove an item — such as the stroke or the fill — in the object’s list. Click the item to select it and then choose Remove Item from the popup menu (or click the Delete Selected Item button at the bottom of the panel). The item is removed from the list and the object. Use this to edit a preset style to customize it. 20_345191-ch15.indd 50820_345191-ch15.indd 508 10/24/08 1:30:05 PM10/24/08 1:30:05 PM 509 Working with Graphic Styles and Effects 15 You can also duplicate an object in the Appearance panel. Select the item you want to duplicate in the list in the Appearance panel and then choose Duplicate Item from the popup menu or click the Duplicate icon at the bottom of the panel. This comes in handy when you want to use some of the item’s attributes but not all. Duplicate the item and then edit it as you want. Clearing an appearance Clearing an appearance removes the effects and changes the stroke and fill to None. If there are multiple fills or strokes, all are reduced to one stroke and one fill. You find the Clear Appearance option in the popup menu. Reducing to basic appearance Choosing Reduce to Basic Appearance from the Appearance panel’s popup menu removes all but one stroke and one fill and all the effects. The remaining stroke and fill are assigned the default attributes (typically the bottommost stroke and fill color and the stroke weight of the bottommost stroke). If you didn’t use a stroke, Illustrator reduces the object to the original fill color only. Similarly, if you didn’t use a fill, Illustrator reduces the object to the original stroke color and weight. Figure 15.5 shows the object before and after applying Reduce to Basic Appearance. The end result looks a bit bland compared to the original. FIGURE 15.5 The object on the left has all its graphic styles and attributes. The object on the right has been reduced to a basic appearance. 20_345191-ch15.indd 50920_345191-ch15.indd 509 10/24/08 1:30:15 PM10/24/08 1:30:15 PM 510 Mastering Illustrator Part III NOTE NOTE Reducing an object to the basic appearance is not the same as clearing the appearance. Clearing the appearance removes all the attributes, while reducing to basic appearance only simplifies the object to a single stroke and fill. Showing and hiding Appearance panel attributes Clicking the eyeball to the left of any Appearance panel attribute, such as fill, stroke, opacity, and any applied effect, allows you to temporarily hide that attribute. Click it again to show the hidden attribute. Setting New Art preferences If you select the New Art Has Basic Appearance option (from the Appearance panel’s popup menu), all art created afterward has a basic appearance of a white fill and a black stroke. If you don’t select this option, as shown in Figure 15.6, all art created after using a style has the appear- ance of the last used style. FIGURE 15.6 If the New Art Has Basic Appearance option isn’t selected, all new art has the same attributes as the last style used. Viewing thumbnails In the Appearance panel, you have the option to view a small thumbnail of the selected object’s style. The thumbnail appears in the upper left of the Appearance panel. If you don’t want to see this little thumbnail, choose Hide Thumbnail from the Appearance panel’s popup menu. To see the thumbnail again, choose Show Thumbnail from the menu. I can’t think of a good reason to hide the thumbnail, but the option is available if you want to use it. 20_345191-ch15.indd 51020_345191-ch15.indd 510 10/24/08 1:30:19 PM10/24/08 1:30:19 PM 511 Working with Graphic Styles and Effects 15 Redefining graphic styles The Redefine Graphic Style option is available only when you apply one of the preset styles from the Graphic Styles panel. When you use the Redefine Graphic Style option, your new changes overwrite the original, and any objects that use that style immediately update to your new changes. In order to redefine a graphic style, you must first select the style you want to redefine in the Graphic Styles panel. Then, select an object that has the characteristics that you want to apply to the style. Finally, choose Redefine Graphic Style from the Appearance panel’s popup menu. CAUTION CAUTION Redefining a style completely replaces that style with the new style. The existing name is retained, but all other attributes are replaced. Unless you’re absolutely sure that you want to replace all the style’s attributes, it’s probably safer to simply create a new graphic style by using the Graphic Styles panel. Working with the Graphic Styles panel Now that you understand the Appearance panel, it’s time to dive headfirst into the Graphic Styles panel. This magnificent little panel contains lots of creativity and amazing preset effects. The Graphic Styles panel, as shown in Figure 15.7, has but a few buttons: Break Link to Graphic Style, New Graphic Style, and Delete Graphic Style. You find the guts of the panel in the popup menu, which you access by clicking the triangle on the upper right of the panel. The following sections explain all the options found in the Graphic Styles panel’s popup menu. FIGURE 15.7 The Graphic Styles panel allows you to create and use graphic styles. New Graphic Style Break Link to Graphic Style Delete Graphic Style 20_345191-ch15.indd 51120_345191-ch15.indd 511 10/24/08 1:30:26 PM10/24/08 1:30:26 PM 512 Mastering Illustrator Part III Creating a new graphic style Click the New Graphic Style button to make your selected object’s attributes into a new style in the Graphic Styles panel. You can also create a new style by choosing New Graphic Style from the popup menu in the Graphic Styles panel. To create a new style, follow these steps: 1. Create an object. For more on creating objects, see Chapter 5. 2. Add color to the fill and/or stroke, a stroke weight, and a dash pattern if desired. 3. Add effects from the Effect menu. You can include transformations, twists, distortions, or anything you want. 4. After the object looks just right, select the whole object. 5. Choose New Graphic Style from the popup menu in the Graphic Styles panel. This displays the Graphic Style Options dialog box, as shown in Figure 15.8, so that you can name the new style. Clicking the New Graphic Style button bypasses the Graphic Style Options dialog box (unless you Alt (Option)+click the button) and simply gives the new style a default name of Graphic Style x, where x is a number starting with 1. FIGURE 15.8 The Graphic Style Options dialog box allows you to name the new style. 6. Type a name for the New Graphic Style and then click OK. This adds the new style to the Graphic Styles panel. The new graphic style now appears in the Graphic Styles panel. 7. You can apply that new graphic style to any object you create. TIP TIP Another way to create a new graphic style is to drag the object thumbnail from the Appearance panel into the Graphic Styles panel. This automatically creates a new graphic style. If you want to name it, you can either double-click it in the Graphic Styles panel or select it and then choose Graphic Style Options from the popup menu. Duplicating and merging graphic styles Using the Graphic Styles panel’s popup menu, you can duplicate a style. Select a style in the panel and then choose Duplicate Graphic Style from the popup menu in the panel. This creates a dupli- cate swatch at the end of the list of graphic style swatches. Use this to alter and create your own custom style. You use Duplicate Graphic Style to duplicate a default swatch so that you don’t over- write the original swatch. 20_345191-ch15.indd 51220_345191-ch15.indd 512 10/24/08 1:30:27 PM10/24/08 1:30:27 PM 513 Working with Graphic Styles and Effects 15 You can also take two different styles and combine them as one. Use the Merge Graphic Styles command found in the Graphic Styles panel’s popup menu. To combine two or more graphic styles, follow these steps: 1. Press and hold Shift. 2. Click the graphic styles that you want to combine in the Graphic Styles panel. To select noncontiguous graphic styles, press Ctrl (Ô) instead of Shift. 3. Choose Merge Graphic Styles from the popup menu in the Graphic Styles panel. The new combined graphic style is added to the end of the swatches in the Graphic Styles panel. Deleting a graphic style To delete a graphic style, select the graphic style in the Graphic Styles panel and then choose Delete Graphic Style from the popup menu. Alternatively, you can click the Delete button (the trash icon) at the bottom of the panel. A warning message appears asking “Delete the Style Selection?” Click Yes to delete the style or No to cancel the action. Breaking the link to a graphic style You use the Break Link to Graphic Style option to break the graphic style from the object. The object still retains the appearance of the graphic style, but changes to the graphic style’s definition no longer alter the object’s appearance. A good use of this option is to find a graphic style that you like but want to change. Fill an object with that graphic style, click the Break Link to Graphic Style button, and then alter the object as you want. When you have an object as you like it, you can turn its attributes into a new style. Another good use for this option is when you want several objects to have the same basic style, but you want to make some subtle changes to some of them. If you break the link to the style for the objects that you don’t want to change, you can quickly modify the remaining objects simply by modifying the style. Understanding the other Graphic Styles panel options Choosing Select All Unused selects all graphic styles that aren’t used in the document. You can then choose to delete the unused graphic styles from the Graphic Styles panel. Sort by Name sorts the graphic style swatches alphabetically. You probably won’t find this very useful unless you choose one of the list views. In the Graphic Styles panel, you can choose how you view the graphic style swatches. Choosing Thumbnail shows you a swatch of the graphic style. Choosing Small List View displays a small swatch next to the name of the graphic style. The Large List View displays a larger swatch next to the name of the graphic style. The Override Character Color option overrides the object’s original color with the graphic style. If you want to retain the original color qualities, deselect the Override Character Color option in the Graphic Styles panel’s menu. 20_345191-ch15.indd 51320_345191-ch15.indd 513 10/24/08 1:30:29 PM10/24/08 1:30:29 PM [...]... retain all the editing abilities of the flat shape Illustrator takes any changes you make later and incorporates them in the 3-D form Using the Preview option, you can see what the object will look like The extrude, revolve, rotate, and map artwork functions all appear in one neat dialog box 529 Part III Mastering Illustrator In the past, Adobe offered Adobe Dimensions, which was a three-dimensional creation... realistic skin Strata can create a model, render the 3-D, and animate the 3-D objects Illustrator s 3-D abilities don’t quite go that far, but it has come a long way for an illustrating program Adobe took the three-dimensional qualities of Adobe Dimensions, created a cleaner, user-friendlier interface, and put it inside Illustrator Understanding the Three-Dimensional World The concept of three dimensions... 16.7 537 16 Part III Mastering Illustrator 3 Click the Preview check box to see the revolved object displayed using the default settings 4 Click OK to finish the revolving Figure 16 .8 shows the result of revolving the path you created In this case, the object is tilted a little to better show off the effect FIGURE 16.6 Draw the path to be revolved 5 38 Creating 3-D in Illustrator FIGURE 16.7 Use the... could also add depth and lighting effects to make the object appear realistic Most of Dimensions’ capabilities are now inside Illustrator The main difference in Illustrator is that you can’t position multiple objects in 3-D space You can only position one object at a time And Illustrator creates the 3-D effect live rather than having to render, as Dimensions did Many 3-D packages are on the market,... three dimensions rotating 360° on a Web site The possibilities are endless IN THIS CHAPTER Understanding 3-D inside Illustrator Extruding flat objects Revolving paths around an axis Adding highlights Using 3-D in Illustrator Mapping 2-D onto 3-D objects One of the really cool features in Illustrator is the ability to create 3-D inside the application You use the Extrude command to pop a two-dimensional... positions visually 531 16 Part III Mastering Illustrator FIGURE 16.1 The rotational values in the 3D Extrude & Bevel Options dialog box allow you to view an object in three dimensions Specify rotation around the x-axis Specify rotation around the y-axis 532 Specify rotation around the z-axis Creating 3-D in Illustrator Extruding and Revolving 2-D Objects Illustrator s Extrude command adds sides, a top,... CROSS-REF 536 For more on symbols, see Chapter 5 Creating 3-D in Illustrator 5 Rename the symbol To rename the symbol, double-click the symbol in the Symbols panel Type a name in the Symbol Options dialog box and then click OK 6 Choose File ➪ Save This saves the new path symbol in the Bevels.ai file 7 Quit Illustrator and then restart Illustrator When you look at the Bevel list in the 3D Extrude & Bevel... (Ô+Shift+E) n Access the last effect’s dialog box by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Alt+E (Ô+Shift+Option+E) 527 15 Creating 3-D in Illustrator C reating depth and adding perspective has been the desire of many illustrators This chapter shows how you can create three-dimensional images in Illustrator Adding 3-D to your package design, logo, or any illustration is a breeze Take any path, type, or object and then... Radius text field is used to specify the amount of corner-rounding for rounded rectangles 515 15 Part III Mastering Illustrator Figure 15.11 shows an example of applying the Effect ➪ Convert to Shape ➪ Ellipse command to a star-shaped object In this example, the Relative option was used, and 18 extra points were added to both the height and width FIGURE 15.10 Use the Shape Options dialog box to specify... driving You’re already thinking in three dimensions if you’re familiar with Illustrator s Send to Back and Bring to Front commands If you feel comfortable with stacking order and layers, then you’re one step closer to working with three-dimensional positioning NOTE CROSS-REF For more on Send to Back and Bring to Front, see Chapter 8 You use three indicators to position objects in the 3D Extrude & Bevel . 19_345191-pp03.indd 50419_345191-pp03.indd 504 10/24/ 08 1: 28: 31 PM10/24/ 08 1: 28: 31 PM 505 P robably some of the most amazing illustrations you see in Illustrator come from using graphic styles and. 50720_345191-ch15.indd 507 10/24/ 08 1:30:04 PM10/24/ 08 1:30:04 PM 5 08 Mastering Illustrator Part III FIGURE 15.3 When you click a stroke or a fill in the Appearance panel, Illustrator displays a miniature. Use this to edit a preset style to customize it. 20_345191-ch15.indd 5 082 0_345191-ch15.indd 5 08 10/24/ 08 1:30:05 PM10/24/ 08 1:30:05 PM 509 Working with Graphic Styles and Effects 15 You can also