implementation of next-generation video technologies and applications such as vid- eoconferencing, real-time broadcasts, uncompressed video, and video-on-demand (VOD) that also enrich NGI programs and services. CAVNER implementations support real-time telecollaborative research between investigators at geographically separated sites; facilitates delivery of IP multicasts and High-Definition Television (HDTV) programming; and enables videostreaming, establishment of video archives. CAVNER features an open architecture that supports multivendor network operations. CAVNER also facilitates transmission of uncompressed video and data via DWDM (Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing) networks. 11.7.6 V I D E N ET Sponsored by CAVNER and SURA (Southeastern Universities Research Associa- tion), the ViDe (Video Development) initiative supports development of a global ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications Standards Sector) H.323 videoconferencing network called ViDeNet that provisions seamless delivery of stored or real-time streaming video with QoS guarantees. Moreover, ViDeNet enables transmission of video-over-IP and voice-over-IP services via I2, NRENs (National Research and Education Networks), and the commodity Internet. In addition, ViDeNet facilitates video delivery to wireless IP devices and desktop videoconferencing systems and promotes development of next-generation video initiatives for real-time tele-education projects, teletraining sessions, telesurgery, and virtual hospital grand rounds that benefit NGI projects. The Universities of Tennessee and North Carolina at Chapel Hill, New York State Education and Research Network, Year 2000 (NYSERNet 2000), and the Georgia Institute of Technology manage ViDeNet operations. 11.8 CONNECTIONS TO THE INTERNET 11.8.1 C OMPUTER S CIENCE AND E NGINEERING D IRECTORATE (CISE) Sponsored by the NSF, the Computer Science and Engineering Directorate (CISE) supports a multiservice network research program for enabling implementation of next-generation networks and complex applications. Within CISE, the Advanced Networking Infrastructure and Research (ANIR) Division and the Advanced Net- working Infrastructure (ANI) Program promote multidisciplinary, multiservice net- working initiatives. ANIR and ANI contribute to the development of a global high- performance, next-generation network infrastructure and sponsor network testbeds for evaluating the capabilities of multimedia applications and verifying performance of advanced networking technologies. 11.8.2 A DVANCED N ETWORKING I NFRASTRUCTURE AND R ESEARCH (ANIR) D IVISION The ANIR Division sponsors the Connections to the Internet Program and the High- Performance Network Server Provider (HPNSP) initiative. The HPNSP provisions 0889Ch11Frame Page 510 Monday, April 22, 2002 11:20 AM © 2002 by CRC Press LLC high-speed networking services in the broader community, and links to vBNS+ and to Next-Generation Internet Exchanges (NGIXs) such as the SBC/Ameritech Advanced Data Services (AADS) NAP in Chicago. Financial awards enable recip- ients to establish connections to advanced networks and conduct projects that con- tribute to the development of the NGI and innovative multimedia applications in diverse fields such as forestry, mining, land use, cognitive psychology, tropical cyclone forecasting, image processing, and geometric modeling and visualization. Representative ANIR initiatives are highlighted in this section. 11.8.2.1 ANIR Projects The University of Alaska and the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center establish OC-3 links to vBNS+ to support an Arctic regional digital library, weather forecasts, and ocean and sea ice modeling. California State University at Hayward also supports OC-3 links to vBNS+ for enabling remote operation of scientific instruments, QoS (Quality of Service) routing for multipoint Internet teleconferences, and real-time visual models of satellite guidance systems. Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) establishes OC-3 links to vBNS+ via the Florida GigaPoP for conducting research in distributed database pro- cessing, interactive simulation environments, and distributed real-time computing. Florida Atlantic University (FAU) proposes to employ DS-3 links to vBNS+ to implement projects in medical and scientific imaging, HDTV, digital mammography, and visualization of activity in the human brain. FAU also sponsors research initi- atives leading to interdisciplinary computational simulations and implementation of an independent oceanographic sampling network. Mississippi State University fos- ters connections to vBNS+ at DS-3 to enable distance learning applications, exper- imentation in wide area parallel computing, and participation in collaborative visu- alization projects. North Dakota State and South Dakota State Universities, the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, and the Universities of North Dakota and South Dakota employ DS-3 links to vBNS+ to support projects in the life sciences, cosmology, and Upper Missouri River basin hydrology. In Ohio, Wright State University supports DS-3 connections to vBNS+ for deployment of projects in multimedia data warehousing, asynchronous and synchro- nous collaboration in distributed VEs (Virtual Environments), and molecular mod- eling and visualization. The University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University provision OC-3 links to Abilene to conduct telemedicine research and projects in numerical weather prediction and distance education. The University of Oregon establishes DS-3 links to vBNS+ to conduct research in geological sciences, high- energy physics, and astronomy. 11.9 DIGITAL LIBRARIES (DLS) 11.9.1 D IGITAL LIBRARIES FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS Also called electronic libraries and virtual libraries, digital libraries (DLs) employ high-performance, high-speed broadband network configurations for provisioning universal access to distributed multimedia information resources. Digital library 0889Ch11Frame Page 511 Wednesday, April 17, 2002 2:57 PM © 2002 by CRC Press LLC (DL) implementation involves a clarification of procedures for developing and main- taining a secure, scalable, and extendible DL infrastructure that accommodates a diverse array of resources for enabling users to readily retrieve desired data. A DL requires a storage system that maintains vast amounts of information in diverse formats, advanced software for browsing and navigation, intelligent user interfaces, and multilingual services. DL implementations also establish Acceptable Use Poli- cies (AUPs); guidelines for reference services, collection development, and intellec- tual property rights; and copyright procedures for material in digital formats. DLs support curricular enhancements in disciplines that include the earth sciences, math- ematics, engineering, computer science, the arts, the humanities, microbiology, his- tory, and high-energy physics. 11.10 FEDERAL DIGITAL LIBRARY (DL) INITIATIVES 11.10.1 D-LIB F ORUM (DIGITAL LIBRARIES FORUM) Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the D-Lib Forum promotes the creation of an internetworked global digital library system. This system consists of diverse library collections in all types of formats and complies with the Open Archival Information Standard (OAIS) devel- oped by the International Standards Organization (ISO). The D-Lib Forum also promotes utilization of quantitative research methods for benchmarking performance of DL services and evaluating capabilities of DL component technologies. 11.10.2 DIGITAL LIBRARIES INITIATIVE-PHASE 1 (DL-1) AND DL-2 (DL-P HASE 2) Operational from 1994 to 1998, DL-1 (Digital Libraries Initiative-Phase 1) estab- lished approaches for digitizing special collections, such as historical photographs, archival records, sheet music, and museum images, and developing networked digital libraries in disciplines that included earth and space sciences, economics, bio- sciences, geography, the humanities, and the arts. DL-1 sponsors included NSF, DARPA, NLM (National Library of Medicine), the Library of Congress, NASA, the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), and the Smithsonian Institution. Initiated in 1999, DL-2 builds on earlier Phase 1 efforts in moving forward with methods for establishing a broadband network infrastructure and storage repositories to enable on-demand access to DL content such as photographic images; 3-D sim- ulations; and historical, museum and scientific slide collections. In Phase 2, approaches for creating digital representations of multimedia; algorithms and intel- ligent systems for cataloging, classifying, and indexing DL content; linking infor- mation objects and documents; and preserving metadata are established. Guidelines for information retrieval, natural language analysis, and knowledge management of large-scale digital collections are developed. Academic institutions that participate in DL initiatives include Johns Hopkins, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, California at Davis, Washington, and Michigan State Universities and the Universities of Michigan and Texas at Austin. 0889Ch11Frame Page 512 Wednesday, April 17, 2002 2:57 PM © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 11.11 U.S. DIGITAL LIBRARY INITIATIVES 11.11.1 C ALIFORNIA 11.11.1.1 California Digital Library (CDL) The California Digital Library (CDL) supports access to statewide multimedia resources and development of an experimental infrastructure for interlinking distributed archival collections. Approaches for metadata management are under consideration. 11.11.1.2 Stanford University Digital Library Technologies Project The Stanford University Digital Library Technologies Project supports dependable access to electronic library resources via wireline and wireless networks. Protocols for implementation of a distributed replicated Web cache, strategies for using the 3Com Palm Pilot for library applications, approaches for intellectual property pro- tection, query translators for enabling library users to compose search requests, and filtering tools for identifying relevant documents are in development. The San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC), the University of California at Santa Barbara (UC Santa Barbara), and the University of California at Berkeley (UCB) participate in this initiative. 11.11.1.3 University of California at Berkeley (UCB) Sponsored by NSF, DARPA, and NASA, the University of California at Berkeley (UCB) digital library project supports development of technologies and tools for accessing massive distributed digital collections of video maps, aerial photographs, geographical data, botanical datasets, environmental reports, and satellite images. Tools for content analysis, annotation, multimedia indexing, image analysis, and seamless retrieval of DL resources are in development. 11.11.1.4 University of California at Santa Barbara (UC Santa Barbara) The University of California at Santa Barbara (UC Santa Barbara) Alexandria Digital Library (ADL) project supports implementation of distributed digital libraries con- taining geospatial multimedia resources such as map records, images, gazetteers, aerial photographs, scientific datasets, and texts that provision information in earth and social sciences. A successor project to ADL, ADEPT facilitates development of comprehensive meta-information systems and geospatial collections and uses Planet Earth as a metaphor for organizing and presenting DL resources on topics that include the environment and water resource management. 11.11.2 ILLINOIS 11.11.2.1 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign The Engineering Library at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign sponsors the DeLiver (Desktop Link to Virtual Engineering Resources) initiative to enable 0889Ch11Frame Page 513 Wednesday, April 17, 2002 2:57 PM © 2002 by CRC Press LLC access to the full text of articles published since 1995 in computer science, engi- neering, and physics journals. 11.11.3 MARYLAND 11.11.3.1 University of Maryland at College Park The University of Maryland at College Park conducts the Digital Libraries for Children initiative. This initiative promotes the design and implementation of a digital library specifically for youngsters and features images, text, video, and audio resources pertaining to animals. 11.11.4 NEW YORK 11.11.4.1 Columbia University Sponsored by Columbia University, the PERSIVAL (Personalized Retrieval and Summarization of Image, Video, and Language Resources) project enables access to online medical literature and consumer health information for patients and health- care providers. The DL PERSIVAL initiative employs secure digitized patient records at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center (CMPC) for construction of a model that predicts user information needs and interests. Pilot tests are carried out at the CMPC Heart Failure Center and the CMPC Diabetes Center. In addition to PERSIVAL, Columbia University sponsors a DL initiative in the earth sciences that supports access to multimedia resources, enables links to digital research publica- tions, and promotes development of an online technology system for presenting information on Planet Earth. 11.11.5 PENNSYLVANIA 11.11.5.1 Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) conducts Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the Infor- media Digital Video Library initiative. This initiative fosters development of sophisticated video collages for enabling users to effectively browse multimedia documents; new approaches for automated audio and video indexing; procedures for enabling comprehensive multimedia visualizations; and innovative search and retrieval operations. 11.11.6 TEXAS 11.11.6.1 University of Texas at Austin The University of Texas at Austin implements a digital repository of skeletal elements from small- and large-sized species for scientific study and research. A discovery user interface enables novice and advanced users to readily access source materials. 0889Ch11Frame Page 514 Wednesday, April 17, 2002 2:57 PM © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 11.11.7 VIRGINIA 11.11.7.1 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) Virginia Tech supports the digitization of comprehensive collections of dissertations and theses; collections of instructional materials maintained by the Computer Sci- ence Teaching Center; and a repository of material related to Web transactions for the Open Archives Initiative (OAI), formally known as the Universal Preprint Service Project. 11.12 INTERNATIONAL DL INITIATIVES As with U.S. DL initiatives, international DL projects support access to rapidly growing digital collections of maps, archival records, video and audio recordings, and historical images and texts. Like their U.S DL counterparts, international DL initiatives employ state-of-the-art technology, knowledge management techniques for effective information retrieval, and high-speed broadband networks for provi- sioning dependable access to and delivery of DL resources. 11.12.1 JAPAN 11.12.1.1 National Diet Electronic Library The Japanese National Diet Electronic Library supports development of DL projects focusing on children’s books and Japanese legends. A full-text database provisions access to these multilingual resources. 11.12.2 NEW ZEALAND 11.12.2.1 New Zealand Digital Library Developed by the University of Waikato, the New Zealand Digital Library maintains extensive digital collections of computer science technical reports and literary works. 11.12.3 UNITED KINGDOM 11.12.3.1 United Kingdom (U.K.) Electronic Libraries Program The United Kingdom (U.K.) Electronic Libraries Program sponsors the MODELS (Moving to Distributed Environments for Library Services), EDDIS (Electronic Document Delivery), and ESPERE (Electronic Submission and Peer Quality Review Project) initiatives to facilitate DL implementation, and NETSKILLS to support user training. In addition, the U.K. Electronic Libraries Program sponsors the Distributed National Electronic Resource (DNER) project to provision access to Web resources such as textbooks, maps, music scores, geospatial images, videos, and sound record- ings. The U.K. Electronic Libraries Program also implements the JTAP (Joint Infor- mation Systems Committee Technology Applications Program) initiative to foster 0889Ch11Frame Page 515 Wednesday, April 17, 2002 2:57 PM © 2002 by CRC Press LLC development of the Data Archive, a national resource center for digital data in the sciences and humanities. Furthermore, the JTAP project supports development of comprehensive digital collections of U.K. census statistics, government surveys, digital maps, and scientific datasets; sponsors the Resource Discovery Network (RDN); and fosters distributed access to advanced Web resources via subject gate- ways. Participants in the U.K. Electronic Libraries Program include the British Library, the Cooperative Academic Information Retrieval Network for Scotland, and SEREN (Sharing Educational Resources in an Electronic Network). 11.12.4 DB2 DIGITAL LIBRARY INITIATIVE Developed by IBM, the DB2 Digital Library Initiative supports conversion of mul- timedia resources into digital formats for distribution via public and/or private networks. Designed for a diversified clientele, the DB2 Digital Library Initiative facilitates access to digitized collections of CBS News programs and voice, video, and/or data resources at the Library of Congress, the Vatican Library, the National Palace Museum in Taiwan, and the State Hermitage Museum in Russia. Participants in this international initiative include the Indiana University School of Music, the National Library of the Netherlands, the Osaka National Museum of Ethnology. 11.13 EUROPEAN COMMISSION TELEMATICS FOR LIBRARIES PROGRAM 11.13.1 D EVELOPMENT OF A EUROPEAN SERVICE FOR INFORMATION ON RESEARCH AND EDUCATION-I (DESIRE-PHASE I) AND DESIRE-II (DESIRE-P HASE II) Sponsored by the European Commission Telematics for Library Program, DESIRE- I (Development of a European Service for Information on Research and Education- Phase I) supported implementation of secure and confidential search services that used an automated Web metadata indexing system for locating specific information on the Internet. DESIRE-I established subject-based search services that reflected the classification and description of network resources and created regional search services that were based on metadata indexes generated by automated Web crawlers A follow-on initiative to DESIRE I, DESIRE-II (DESIRE-Phase II) supports development of approaches to identify, select, and retrieve Web-based multimedia resources via a high-speed ATM infrastructure. DESIRE-II facilitates design of a common user interface and a mesh caching system that provisions access to fre- quently consulted Web resources, facilitates speedy retrieval, and conserves available bandwidth for enabling additional applications. The mesh caching system also pro- vides a foundation for a pan-European caching network. In 2000, DESIRE-II pro- duced a toolkit that supports metadata queries and features automatic classification and indexing tools. The Universities of Twente, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Bath, Utrecht, and Bristol and Queens University of Belfast participate in DESIRE initiatives. 0889Ch11Frame Page 516 Wednesday, April 17, 2002 2:57 PM © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 11.14 EUROPEAN RESEARCH CONSORTIUM FOR INFORMATICS AND MATHEMATICS (ERICM) A sponsor of high-performance networking initiatives in the European research community, ERICM supports investigations in fields that include digital libraries, programming languages, environmental modeling, network technologies, user inter- faces, and electronic commerce. ERICM also sponsors MBS (Managed Bandwidth Service) initiatives. 11.14.1 ERICM HIGH-PERFORMANCE NETWORKING PROJECTS 11.14.1.1 CRUCID CRUCID promotes development of information technologies for water resources management and high-performance computing networks that generate models and simulations of semi-arid areas. CRUCID simulations enable flood prevention and environmental impact studies. 11.14.1.2 ESIMEAU ESIMEAU supports implementation of an advanced water resource management information system that integrates spatial geographic databases and data manage- ment tools for enabling planners to make informed decisions on water-related issues. 11.14.1.3 SIMES SIMES supports implementation of a sophisticated multimedia monitoring system for tracking the utilization of renewable resources and the effects of human activities on the environment in the sub-Saharan region of Africa. 11.14.1.4 THETIS THETIS fosters implementation of multimedia repositories and an advanced visu- alization system for providing coastal zone management services and monitoring topographical changes in the Mediterranean region. 11.14.2 ERCIM DELOS WORKING GROUP AND THE DIGITAL LIBRARY (DL) INITIATIVE The ERCIM DELOS Working Group supports development of integrated, inter- linked, large-scale, multidisciplinary repositories to serve as the framework for the ERCIM DL (Digital Library) initiative. The DELOS Working Group collab- orates with NSF Task Forces in designing approaches to enable interconnections between the ERCIM DL and DLs in the United States and defines methods that facilitate intellectual property protection, resource indexing, and resource discov- ery in a globally integrated distributed library for the research community. Participants in the DELOS Working Group include the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, the 0889Ch11Frame Page 517 Wednesday, April 17, 2002 2:57 PM © 2002 by CRC Press LLC Russian Academy of Science, and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. 11.14.3 ERCIM MECCANO (MULTIMEDIA EDUCATION AND C ONFERNCING COLLABORATION OVER ATM NETWORKS) INITIATIVE The ERCIM MECCANO (Multimedia Education and Conferencing Collaboration over ATM Networks) initiative supports implementation of a broadband IP-over- ATM network infrastructure that enables IP multicasts and telecollaborative research in mathematics, medicine, and language. Additionally, the MECCANO broadband network platform interoperates with SMDS (Switched Multimegabit Data Service), DBS (Direct Broadcast Satellite), and ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) technologies. However, the quality of audio and sound, the speed of transmission, and the degree of interactivity with SMDS, DBS, and ISDN is not equivalent to transmission speeds and services provisioned by ATM technology. RENATER2 (NREN of France, Phase 2) provides technical support and manages network operations for MECCANO links between sites in the United Kingdom and France. Trials benchmarking the capabilities of MECCANO toolsets for novice users are conducted on CA*net II and SuperJANET4 (Super Joint Academic Network, Phase 4) testbed segments. Participants in the MECANNO project include the University of London; the School of Slavonic and Eastern European Studies; and the Universities of Bremen, Stuttgart, Mannheim, and Oslo. 11.14.3.1 MECANNO MBS (Managed Bandwidth Service) The MECANNO (Multimedia Education and Conferencing Collaboration over ATM Networks) initiative established procedures in alpha and beta tests for setting up MBS accounts, defined operations performed by the ATM NOC (Network Opera- tions Center) in support of MBS functions, and identified and resolved problems associated with internetworking NREN implementations. Alpha and beta trials via the MECANNO platform also confirmed MBS reliability. MBS alpha trials at the University College London, Essen University, and the University of Stuttgart verified MBS effectiveness in provisioning committed bandwidth for VPN implementations and MBS support of interactive telecollaborative research. In 1999, TEN-155 (Trans European Network-155.52 Mbps) conducted beta tests that verified MBS (Managed Bandwidth Service) capabilities in supporting virtual classroom sessions between schools situated in Ottawa and Edmonton in Canada; Dublin, Ireland; Basel, Swit- zerland; and Berlin, Germany. 11.15 TEN-155 (TRANS-EUROPEAN NETWORK-155.52 MBPS) 11.15.1 TEN-155 F EATURES AND FUNCTIONS A successor network to TEN-34, TEN-155 provisioned an international infrastruc- ture for connecting next-generation networking initiatives such as APAN, I2, and 0889Ch11Frame Page 518 Wednesday, April 17, 2002 2:57 PM © 2002 by CRC Press LLC National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) in countries that included the Czech Republic, Iceland, Hungary, Norway, Switzerland, and Slovenia. To facilitate development of a pan-European network infrastructure, TEN-155 supported IP mul- ticasts, high-speed multimedia transmissions, advanced telecollaborative research, and implementation of new networking technologies, and VPN (Virtual Private Network) deployments that used MBS (Managed Bandwidth Service). TEN-155 also operated connection points in Amsterdam and Frankfurt for peer-level traffic exchange and employed a combination of IP, ATM, and SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) technologies to support interoperable networking applications and projects. DANTÉ (Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe, Ltd.) managed TEN-155 operations. The DANTÉ Network Engineering and Planning Group supported migration from TEN-34 (Trans-European Network-34.368 Mbps) to TEN-155 and initially conducted pilot tests to verify capabilities of high-speed services and applications slated for TEN-155 implementation. In addition to DANTÉ, the Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association (TERENA), and the joint TERENA and DANTÉ Task Force (TF-TANT) conducted tele-education and tele-research applications in the context of the Quantum Test Program (QTP). In 1999, DANTÉ established a 44.736 Mbps (T-3) connection between TEN-155 NRENs and the Abilene network via STAR TAP and the SBC/AADS NAP (Network Access Point) in Chicago. DANTÉ and DFN (NREN of Germany) also formed a Consortium called CAPE (Connecting Asia-Pacific and Europe) to establish interconnectivity between TEN-155 NRENs and major international networks such as APAN. At the outset, TEN-155 implemented an IP network overlay on top of the ATM platform and supported best-effort packet delivery service. However, multimedia services depend on QoS (Quality of Service) guarantees. Because these guarantees were not provided in a best-effort IP network, TEN-155 subsequently deployed MECCANO-supported MBS (Managed Bandwidth Service). DANTÉ enhanced the capabilities of the TEN-155 infrastructure by upgrading the central SDH ring linking NRENs in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands to support increased rates at 622.08 Mbps (OC-12). EuroCERT (European Union Computer Emergency Response Team) provisioned security ser- vices for TEN-155 members. NREN participants in EuroCERT include ACONET (NREN of Austria), ARNES (NREN of Slovenia), DFN (NREN of Germany), Renater2 (NREN of France, Phase 2), SURFnet5 (NREN of the Netherlands, Phase 5), SuperJANET4 (Super Joint Academic Network, Phase 4), UNINETT (NREN of Norway), and RedIRIS (NREN of Spain). It is interesting to note that TEN-155 NRENs transported commercial traffic and traffic generated by research centers and educational institutions. In contrast to TEN- 155, the Abilene and the vBNS+ Internet2 (I2) backbone networks only carry high- performance research and education transmissions generated by I2 entities. The commodity or public Internet supports delivery of commercial traffic and traffic generated by educational institutions and research centers that are not I2 affiliates. (See Figure 11.4.) 0889Ch11Frame Page 519 Wednesday, April 17, 2002 2:57 PM © 2002 by CRC Press LLC [...]... (E-3) link in 199 9 Subsequently, the POL-34/155 infrastructure was upgraded © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 0889Ch11Frame Page 532 Wednesday, April 17, 2002 2:57 PM to support rates at 155.52 Mbps (OC-3) POL-34/155 is slated to participate in the GÉANT network configuration 11.16.28 11.16.28.1 PORTUGAL RCCN (NREN of Portugal) RCCN (NREN of Portugal) migrated from the TEN-34 network to TEN-1555 in 199 9 RCCN currently... free network management products on the Web, such as SATAN (Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks) and e-mail protocols such as SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) and POP (Post Office © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 0889Ch12Frame Page 542 Wednesday, April 17, 2002 3:08 PM 542 Building Broadband Networks Protocol), cyberhackers forge, delete, modify, and/or intercept e-mail and bring networking... and currently operates a 2 Mbps link to U.S networks via STAR TAP and the SBC/AADS NAP ARNES distributes information on network security via SI-CERT; encourages utilization of PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) public key encryption; and holds membership in FIRST (Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams) 11.16.33 11.16.33.1 SPAIN Red IRIS (NREN of Spain) In 199 9, RedIRIS migrated to the TEN-155 network...0889Ch11Frame Page 520 Wednesday, April 17, 2002 2:57 PM FIGURE 11.4 The TEN-155 configuration 11.16 NATIONAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION NETWORKS (NRENS) AND PEER-LEVEL REGIONAL NETWORKS 11.16.1 11.16.1.1 ARGENTINA Internet2 Argentina Sponsored by the Internet2 Argentina Foundation, Internet2... capabilities of classical IP (CIP)over-ATM, DiffServ, IPv6, MPOA (MultiProtocol-over-ATM), MPLS (MultiProtocol Label Switching), and ADSL (Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line) technologies Formalized in 199 9, the CAN-Sing (Canada-Singapore) IT (Information Technology) MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) supports collaborative implementation of next-generation technologies over CA*net3 and SingAREN to facilitate... SingAREN operations at 10 Gbps (OC- 192 ) is in development SingAREN implements an experimental broadband network that operates at 155.52 Mbps (OC-3) and maintains 14 Mbps connections to STAR TAP and the SBC/AADS NAP and 155.52 Mbps links to CA*net2 and CA*net3 SingAREN uses the CANARIE trans-Atlantic connections for interworking with NRENs sponsored by © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 0889Ch11Frame Page 534 Wednesday,... for Advanced Computational Systems -Broadband Network) An ATM regional network initiative, the Australian Corporate Research Center for Advanced Computational Systems -Broadband Network (ABN) supports transmission rates at 155.52 Mbps (OC-3) and provisions links to sites in Sydney, Adelaide, the Australian Technology Park, and the Bureau of Meteorology ABN features a broadband infrastructure that supports... Internet-2 © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 0889Ch11Frame Page 528 Wednesday, April 17, 2002 2:57 PM 11.16 .9. 3 Israel One A component in the Israeli Internet-2 Program, Israel One is an ATM distance education network initiative that interlinks 16 high schools representative of Israeli cultural diversity The Israel One initiative enables teachers at a distance to help students use broadband technologies in high school... next-generation networks that support multimedia transmission via heterogeneous networking platforms, distribution of streaming video and audio, and IPv6 services In addition, this institute develops procedures for introducing DBS (Direct Broadcast Satellite) technology in tele-education programs and sponsors research in computer science and applied mathematics © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 0889Ch11Frame Page... museums, and small businesses to access DFN services DFN also provides links to I2 networks via the G-WiN (Gigabit-Wissenschaftsnetz) PoP in Washington, D.C An ATM VPN (Virtual Private Network), B-WiN (Breitband-Wissenschaftsnetz) supported core DFN operations until its replacement by Gigabit-Wissenschaftsnetz (G-Win) A high-speed broadband network, G-WiN employs an SDH-over-WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) . technologies. 11.10.2 DIGITAL LIBRARIES INITIATIVE-PHASE 1 (DL-1) AND DL-2 (DL-P HASE 2) Operational from 199 4 to 199 8, DL-1 (Digital Libraries Initiative-Phase 1) estab- lished approaches for digitizing special. Investigation), and the Smithsonian Institution. Initiated in 199 9, DL-2 builds on earlier Phase 1 efforts in moving forward with methods for establishing a broadband network infrastructure and storage repositories to. Figure 11.4.) 0889Ch11Frame Page 5 19 Wednesday, April 17, 2002 2:57 PM © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 11.16 NATIONAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION NETWORKS (NRENS) AND PEER-LEVEL REGIONAL NETWORKS 11.16.1