the SketchUp Version 5Student Workbook phần 5 pdf

Working with Roofs 113 2. Pull the offset face and the top of the building up. Heal the top face by erasing the extra lines. Note that you can still see a few dots on the top face - these are the ends of vertical lines that can be seen in wireframe. 3. Erase these small vertical lines in X-Ray mode. 4. Add some approximate ridge lines for a sloped roof and raise them up using Move with Autofold. 5. Undo what you’ve done so far, until you’re back at the simple building form with no offsets. Add a larger, L-shaped form behind it. 6. Now offset the six edges shown. 7. The offset lines still touch the adjacent building - Offset correctly constrains all endpoints. 8. Push/Pull the offset face upward to create a parapet wall. If you press Ctrl/Option while pulling, the parapet walls will be separate from the walls below. the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 114 Project: Resolving Sloping Roofs This exercise will show you how to create one roof for the entire house, keeping all roof slopes at the same pitch. Draw the basic form, using parallel and perpendicular constraints to give both wings 90-degree corners. Make Width A larger than Width B, which is larger than Width C. Save this model as RoofHouse.skp. This form will be used to explore three ways to make a uniformly sloped roof. Method 1: Set Slope and Double Constraints This method is probably not what you’d use to actually solve this problem, since it’s complex and there is an easier tool to use (Follow Me). But it’s a good way to master double constraints. 1. On the house form, draw the two valley lines and three ridge lines. The following references points will be used: The slope we want to use for all roofs is a standard 8:12 slope. The roof of the main section (between H and E) will be established at this slope first, and the other two roofs will be adjusted to it. To begin, we will want to raise all ridge lines together to the level of an 8:12 slope for the main roof (H-E). To raise line H-E to the proper height for an 8:12 slope, we need to first create an 8:12 construction line along a face that is perpendicular to H-E. Since Face A is perpendicular to H-E, it will be used to create the construction line. The construction line will then be moved to an appropriate location for raising the roof ridge into place. 2. Activate Protractor. Place the protractor center at Point C, aligning it with Face A. Click to locate the reference line along C-F. 3. Use the cursor to indicate the direction of the roof angle (above, not below, line C-F), and type 8:12; this ratio is automatically entered in the VCB. Press Enter to create the construction line. Because the ridge lines will be moved upward using Point E, the construction line needs to be positioned correctly. Working with Roofs 115 Move the construction line in the red direction from Point D, to the point where it intersects Line B-E. This is so the slope of the roof will be aligned properly with the center section of the house. 4. Now Select all three ridge lines. 5. Select all three ridge lines and move them up by Point E until it meets the construction line. 6. Because the construction line is no longer needed, right-click it and select Erase. 7. Since we’ll want to refer back to this state of the model later, save the file as RoofIntersections_before.skp. 8. Because it’s a good rule of thumb to save your model after every few steps, make another copy of this file, which you will continue working in, called RoofIntersections.skp. Now the main section’s roof has an 8:12 pitch. The other two roofs, however, have different slopes. We’ll start fixing this by focusing first on the wider, perpendicular wing. 9. Draw an 8:12 construction line on Face B, from either Point A or Point C. The current pitch is too flat, so fill in the missing material. 10. Push/Pull this chevron face back to the valley intersection with the main roof (Point D). the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 116 11. Now spin the house around so that you can see the intersection area that needs to be resolved. The lower point on the chevron apex needs to be moved, but you can’t move it as long as the chevron is a single face. Therefore, divide the chevron by drawing a vertical line at the apex. 12. Use Move to drag the lower middle chevron point to Point E. 13. Now move the outer chevron point to Point F. 14. The last (upper) chevron point needs a double constraint to move into the proper position. Start dragging this point along its ridge line (along the axis) and Shift-lock this direction. 15. Keep pressing Shift. Because it is the rear face of the center roof (Face D) that will be extended to connect with the modified (higher) roof, place your cursor anywhere on this face. When the line-face constraint appears, click to relocate the chevron point. This will place the point at the correct location along the ridge line to generate the same 8:12 slope as Face D. Working with Roofs 117 16. Clean up the rear face by deleting the extra line. 17. Now the slope on the interior corner needs to be readjusted. To do this, you need to create a valley line from Point D that lies at the correct angle on the center roof. So draw a line from Point D that is constrained to Face E. Press Shift to lock this constraint. 18. Keep Shift pressed, and place the cursor anywhere along the center ridge line (H-E). Use this double constraint to create the new valley line. 19. To complete this corner, draw the line shown. 20. Now erase all extra lines. This roof is now resolved. 21. Now swing around to face the front of the diagonal wing. Create another 8:12 construction line on this face. This time the roof is too steep. Draw another chevron shape as before, which will be used to remove material from the roof. the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 118 22. Push/Pull the chevron face back to the valley line of the center roof (Point I). You can’t go any further than this point. As before, draw a vertical line at the chevron apex. 23. Move the top point of the chevron apex to Point H. The lower apex point also needs to be moved, and needs to be constrained along the diagonal roof ridge line. This point can be moved freely along the ridge line, but the ridge line can’t be used for a double constraint because it is not parallel to any axis. 24. Therefore, create a construction line along this ridge. 25. Drag the chevron point along the ridge line, locking it to the construction line. Constrain this point to Face D. 26. Erase the extra line on Face D, as well as the construction line. Now the triangular face at the exterior corner is the only one whose slope is not 8:12. 27. Orbit to face this area. Move the top triangle point so that it is constrained to the center roof ridge line (in the red direction), press Shift . . . Working with Roofs 119 28. . . . and constrain to Face G as well, to match its slope. 29. Erase all extra lines at this corner. Now all three roofs have the same slope. Be sure to save the file (RoofIntersections.skp), because you will use it later. Method 2: Delete and Recreate This method is a slightly faster way to achieve the same results. It will give you some more practice withe double constraints. 1. Go back to the preliminary file you saved - RoofIntersections_before.skp. 2. First we’ll resolve the wider, 90-degree wing. Erase all the lines you know will change (five total). This deletes all the faces that will change as well. 3. Replace the front face, and use an 8:12 construction line to draw a triangular face. Push/Pull the triangular face to the end of the house. 4. Replace the edges of the center roof, by constraining their endpoints to both the center ridge line and Face A. 5. The original center roof ridge line is now too long, as you can see in X-Ray view. Erase the extra portion of this line. the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 120 6. Orbit to the other side, where the back of the roof needs to be fixed. Move the roof apex point so that it is along line B-E, constrained to Face D. 7. Erase any extra lines and replace faces to get the resolved corner. 8. That takes care of the perpendicular wing, but the diagonal wing is a bit trickier. Swing around to that side and erase the five edges you know will change. 9. Replace the front face, place an 8:12 triangle on top of it, and Push/Pull the triangle to the other side. 10. From Point I, draw a line constrained to the center ridge line and adjacent diagonal roof face. 11. On the other side, the center ridge line was too long and needed to be trimmed. This time it’s too short. Draw a line between the two points shown to extend the ridge line. This replaces one face of the center roof. 12. From Point G, draw a line constrained to the center ridge line and the adjacent diagonal face. This replaces the other face of the center roof, but there’s some trimming to do. Working with Roofs 121 13. First, draw a line from where the diagonal ridge line first meets the center roof face to the endpoint of the line you just drew from Point G. 14. It looks like a mess, but start erasing the edges you can tell are overhanging. It then becomes clearer which of the remaining edges can then be erased. As before, if any erased edges cause a face to disappear, just recreate it with a simple line. Method 3: Roofing with Follow Me This is the easiest method; you use the tools Follow Me and Intersect with Model. 1. Start with the initial house form - RoofHouse.skp. 2. Create the 8:12 construction line, and create a triangular section of the roof. Make sure it extends past the halfway point of the wing. Use Follow Me to drive the triangular section around the top face. Here is the result - a good bit of cleanup is needed. TIP: Another way to do the same thing: activate Follow Me, and select the triangular roof section. Then press Alt/Cmd and select the top face of the house. 3. Select all faces of the roof and use Intersect with Model to get the intersection edge. 4. To continue with the cleanup, select all faces above the ridge line and delete them (press the Delete key). Erase edges and recreate faces as needed to get the resolved roof. In these few steps, you have created (almost) the same roof as in the previous two exercises, but without all the tedious constraint work. the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 122 5. The only difference between this roof and the double-constraint method roof is that the front roof faces are also sloped, not vertical. To straighten these faces, use Move on the top points with double constraints. Try It Yourself This was a simple example, but you can use it for any type of building and any type of roof. Here’s another example, using a complex roof section: Project: Overhangs Because the model you just created has uniform roof slopes, it is a convenient place to start for creating overhangs. 1. Open the original form RoofHouse.skp. It would be easy to create an overhang roof on the large, 90-degree wing, since it is already parallel to the red and green axes. But instead, we will use the narrow, diagonal wing. Set the axes to match this wing. Now we will create the section for the overhang roof. It will be a simple rectangle that touches the front face at its top left corner. There are infinite ways you can create this section, but this way seems the fastest. [...]... used for the other side as well, so it will need to be copied and mirrored Create a vertical construction line at the midpoint of the diagonal wing Select both the roof section and the construction line and use Move to copy it anywhere in the blank space Use Follow Me to create one side of the roof 123 the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 2 Copy the six lines down slightly 3 The results - all edges on the top... but the diagonal ones do We can either fix the corners now or later, so let’s fix one now Look at the inside corner - the one that overlaps Draw two intersection lines on the top Working with Roofs 5 and one on the underside 6 8 Activate Move, and click any point along the top edge of one of the fascias Move the fascias in the blue direction, press Shift to lock them, and constrain them to the. .. “Company” at the top Then click “Partners” just below the main bar at the top Try the 137 the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 links listed under “Product Resources.” Some of these components are free, some are by subscription, some are a la carte You can also try www .sketchup. com/forum (located in the Support section of the main website) and click Materials/Components These are objects created by SketchUp users... that the Move icon is pressed) 8 In addition to being able to move the component, you can also rotate it Move the cursor over any face of the component’s bounding box, and four crosses appear These are rotation handles 141 the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 9 Click one of the crosses on the top face to set the protractor and rotate the bookcase 90 degrees 10 Since you are still in Move mode, click the. .. thing Right-click on either of the two original components, and select Change Axes.Use the same steps to change the window’s inserting point and gluing plane 1 45 the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 3 Add a rectangular table leg and make this a component as well The Outliner now shows two components If the leg is selected, the component name is highlighted in the Outliner 4 When finished, the components automatically... sedan must be edited for the wheels to be accessible (You can Shift-select or Ctrl/Option-select in the Outliner to select more than one wheel.) 1 35 the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 20 In the Outliner, right-click one of the wheels to edit it - this is the same as double-clicking on the wheel itself The wheel is open for editing, and you can still see a faint bounding box around the sedan as well This... browser to open the SketchUp5 / Components folder 131 the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 There are a few ways to insert a component In the Browser, you can access a folder like in any browser opened by double-clicking The inserted component has a bounding box around it, similar to a group When a component has been placed in your model, it appears in the In Model area of the browser Click the house icon... To change the insertion point, right-click the bookcase (or the thumbnail in the Component Browser) and select Change Axes Keeping the red and green directions the same, locate the new origin at the lower corner of the bookcase As we will see later, this change only affects the component in the current file The original bookcase file is not changed Erase the previous component, and insert another one... everything) Note that the other truck component is also selected Then use Scale to make the truck taller Note that the other truck updates the same way - this is the essence of components: change one and you change them all 6 1 5 Open In Model The three components you inserted will appear here 3 Switch to List View to see the components listed by name 4 Insert another armored truck, and open either truck for... edit the bookcase in its original file Save the current file and return to bookcase.skp 142 Groups and Components 15 Add legs to the bottom of the bookcase Remember, if you use Push/Pull with Ctrl/Option, the legs will be added to the bottom, not pulled out from the bottom 19 Go back once again to the bookcase file, and use the Axes tool to reset the axes 20 Back in the other file, reload again Now the . in X-Ray view. Erase the extra portion of this line. the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 120 6. Orbit to the other side, where the back of the roof needs to be fixed. Move the roof apex point so. roof. In these few steps, you have created (almost) the same roof as in the previous two exercises, but without all the tedious constraint work. the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 122 5. The only. Cleanup the front of each wing by extending the roof. the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 124 The results - all edges on the top are neatly resolved. . . . . . as are the intersections on the underside