the SketchUp Version 5Student Workbook phần 4 ppsx

Intersect and Follow Me 83 25. When using Follow Me on a group, you need to pre-select the path. So, select the top face or select its edges. 26. Activate Follow Me. The section to drive is within the group, so right-click the section and select Edit Group. 27. Select the face. Within the group, the section is driven around the top. 28. Right-click outside the group and select Close Group. The top looks like it did before . . . . . . but if you look inside, you’ll see that the vertical walls of the room remain unchanged, though you can see the outline of the group. 29. If you pre-select the path, the path does not have to touch the section. As an example, we’ll create a moat around the building (a very useful thing no doubt). Create a rectangular section with an arc cutout. 30. Use the bottom face for the path. If you select this face (as opposed to the edges), be sure to first heal it into one face. the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 84 31. Select the moat section. It remains the same distance from the path, all the way around. However, the intersections between the straight and curved portions are not clean. 32. To find out why, undo the last action. Use Offset on the bottom face to create the surrounding edges. Stop at the moat section’s far endpoint. Here’s the problem - the intersections here are not clean either. 33. Extend the lines to meet the arc segments, and heal the face. 34. Now use the edges of this face for the moat section. Much better. Follow Me with Components The previous exercise showed how you can avoid “stickiness” with Follow Me by using groups. You can also use components for the same effect, with the advantage that you can reuse sections repeatedly. A good example is the use of moldings. 1. Start with a box and remove the floor, so that you can see the moldings. Intersect and Follow Me 85 2. Draw a molding section on the outside of the box. 3. Use Follow Me on this section along the top of the box. This cuts material from the top of the box, but doesn’t create a molding inside the box. 4. Undo, and select the molding face. Make it a component by using the icon or selecting Edit / Make Component. (Or right-click on the section and select Make Component.) Assign a name and be sure that Replaced selected is checked. The section now has a bounding box, like it would as a group. 5. If the Component Browser is not open, select Window / Components. Click the In Model icon. In Model contains the molding section you just created. 6. To drive this component around the top of the box, first select the top face or the four top edges. Then activate Follow Me. Right-click on the component and select Edit Component. Select the molding face and it proceeds along the top face. 7. Right-click outside the molding and select Close Component. (You can also go to Select mode and click outside the component bounding box.) the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 86 Here is the result from the outside - the box remains closed on top. 8. In the browser, you can see that the component has changed - it used to be a 2D section, now it is the entire molding. 9. Look up from the bottom - the molding appears on top of the box walls and ceiling. Round Objects By extruding a face along a circle, you can create rounded, or lathed, objects. 1. We’ll start with the most basic round shape - a sphere. Start with a circle. Orbit so that you can create a new circle perpendicular to the first one. Start the new circle at the center point of the first one, and make it larger. 2. Select the new, larger circle. Activate Follow Me, and select the smaller circle. The smaller circle is driven around the larger one. 3. Erase the larger circle to get the sphere. You also could have driven the larger circle around the smaller one, but then you would have to erase a circle inside the sphere. 4. For another way to create a sphere, start with a half-circle arc closed by a line. Intersect and Follow Me 87 5. Draw a circle perpendicular to the arc shape. The center point must be aligned with the line, but does not have to touch it. (It might help to use Measure to draw a construction line. You can center the circle at the endpoint of the construction line.) The circle can be any size, as long as its center point is located correctly. 6. Select the circle, activate Follow Me, then select the arc shape. The sphere is created. 7. To create a hemisphere, start with the same arc shape as before. Draw a perpendicular circle of any size at the midpoint of the arc shape line. 8. Select the circle and activate Follow Me on the arc shape, to create the hemisphere. 9. Where you place the circle affects the outcome of the extrude. Draw a rectangle with some lines and arcs inside it. Erase as needed to make a face like this. 10. Place a perpendicular circle at the corner point shown. 11. Use this circle to extrude the shape, and this is the result, shown in X-Ray mode. The rectangular cutout is in the center of the object. 12. Undo, and move the circle to this corner point. 13. The extrusion this time has the rectangular cutout on the outside and the curved portion on the inside. the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 88 14. Here’s a funny aspect of Follow Me. Change the circle so that it is a half-circle. (This is easily done if the circle has segment endpoints along the face edge. Then you can use a line to divide the circle, and erase the top half.) 15. Use Follow Me along the 180-degree arc (not the half-circle face). If you look closely, you can see that the start and end faces are not flush. 16. Undo, and make sure nothing is selected. Activate Follow Me and select the face, then extrude it manually along the arc. Now you can see the problem - the face is Push/Pull’d along the first arc segment, and after that the extrusion is curved. So, arcs don’t always give you the results you’d expect. To remedy this, you can try an arc with many more segments. You’ll still get an extrusion that’s not exactly 180 degrees, but it’ll be closer. The disadvantage is that more segments make for a more complex, and therefore slower, model. Another way is to use the “slice and copy” method. This will give you the exact shape you want, but takes a bit more work. This will be shown later in the exercise "Domed Apse" on page 269. Intersect with Model These easy exercises are a good introduction to Intersect with Model. This tool basically enables you to perform solid Boolean functions - combining, intersecting, and/or subtracting one solid from another. Cutting and Embossing This exercise shows how you can use Intersect with Model to create the edges needed to make cutouts. 1. Start with an arc and use Offset to create an outer arc. Connect the arcs with lines to complete the face. 2. For future reference, right-click on the original arc and select Point at Center. NOTE: If this option does not appear, open File / Preferences to the Extensions page and check Ruby Script Examples. This creates a construction point at the center of the arc. 3. Orbit to face the front of the arc face, and use Freeform to create a shape like this. Intersect and Follow Me 89 4. Use Push/Pull on both the freeform face and the arc face so that they intersect like this: 5. To find the intersection edges, select the arc wall (or at least the front and back faces of it), right-click and select Intersect with Model. (You can also find this on the Edit menu.) There are now edges where the freeform face meets the wall. 6. To see these edges better, delete the portions of the freeform body that extend past the arc wall on either side. 7. Now erase the faces inside these edges, on both sides of the arc wall. The result is a solid arc wall with a solid cutout. 8. Embossing is similar. Use Undo to return to the step before the intersection edges were created. 9. Switch to X-Ray mode and Push/Pull the freeform body so that it stops inside the wall. 10. Select the freeform body and activate Rotate. Place the protractor at the construction point and rotate-copy the original form on either side. the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 90 11. The intersection edges are only needed on the outer face of the arc wall. Right-click on this face and select Intersect with Model. Erase the overhanging portions to see the three sets of intersection edges. 12. Erase the freeform faces, and you see partial cutouts - similar to poking the bodies slightly into the wall. Project: Intersecting Arches 1. Start with one arch form and rotate-copy it 90-degrees about the midpoint. (Rotating is easy when you display hidden geometry.) 2. Use Scale to make one archway taller, and use Intersect with Model to get the intersection edges. 3. Delete everything in the openings - selection windows are very helpful for this. Recreate and erase edges as needed (sometimes easiest to do in X-Ray 4. or Wireframe mode). Arch Cutouts Using Groups This exercise is similar to the previous one, but uses an arch form to create intersecting cutouts. The result is a vaulted ceiling. 1. Start with a square in the red-green plane make it a box. Draw an archway on one side and pull it out. To separate this arch from the box, add a dividing line. NOTE: If you used the Ctrl/Option key when you pulled out the arch, you wouldn’t need the dividing line. 2. Now we need to move the cutout all the way through the box. Select the arch form and try to move it into the box. It can only move side-to-side. Intersect and Follow Me 91 3. Undo the move, and with the arch still selected, make it into a group (Edit / Make Group). Grouping the arch has eliminated the “stickiness” to the box. Now you can move it into the box. 4. With the group still selected, activate Rotate with Ctrl/Option to create a copy 90-degrees from the original. 5. Select everything, right-click and select Intersect with Model. Now erase the arch groups, and the intersecting edges remain on the box. 6. Erase the arch faces, and this is the result. Because the cutouts were grouped, no part of them remains inside the box when they are deleted. To solve this, groups must be exploded before creating intersections. 7. Undo until you return to the step in which you had two arch groups. Select both groups, right-click and select Explode. 8. Now select everything again and intersect the model. Delete the portions of the arches that extend past the box. This is easy to do in Top view. the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 92 9. Erase the arch faces, and you are left with some interior faces. Erase these interior faces as well to create an arcade. This is how the arcade should look from below - a nice vaulted ceiling. Try it Yourself Use the method described above to create a six-sided arcade. Use cutout groups, rotate-copy them, explode them, and intersect them. There will be a bit more cleanup than the previous four-sided case. Cutting Using Components This exercise shows how components can be used in conjunction with Intersect with Model. 1. Create a form like this, using lines and arcs, Offset, and Push/Pull. Close the end faces. This will be the grill form that will have several cutouts made. Smooth the long, lateral edges on the front face, by using Ctrl/Option + Erase. 2. Create a narrow, tall box that can be used to cut grill holes. 3. Select the box and make it a component. 4. Position the cutter component within the grill, so that it stops in the hollow space. It may be easiest to do this in X-Ray mode. You’ll probably need to move a few times, in a few axis directions. [...]... should be the result: no intersection edges visible and the components are still in place 11 To make this realistic, open the Material Browser (Window / Material Browser) In the Library, open the “Glass + Transparent” category and click one of the glass thumbnails Click the skylight face to apply the glass material 95 the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 12 Close the component The skylights appear on the roof,... Intersect with Model to trim them to one another 1 Start with a flat box for the frame itself, then draw a vertical arc starting from the endpoint of one edge Copy the arc to the opposite corner 2 Zoom in on the copied arc, and draw a rectangle that encloses it This should be the result: 3 Erase the arc, and change the section to something like this: 97 the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 Project: Creating... Intersect with Model to trim them huy_anh_2002 8 Erase the circular cutout faces 99 the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 9 Unhide everything and edit a handle Try performing an Intersect on the handle The result - nothing happens The faucet body has already been cut at the intersection, so there is no actual intersection anymore 12 Erase everything on the other side of these edges 13 Close the component If you... decimal feet, like 4. 75’ 12 If you need to, adjust the vertical spacing by entering a distance The second row from the top should be located slightly above the top of the box The bottom two rows should both be within the face of the box 10 There are still too many windows, so type 3* (you can use * or x) to make four windows 105 the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 13 We will now create another two-story section... intersection edges 21 Select the circle and handle and perform an intersection Then trim the handle on the other side of the circle (and erase the circle itself) 17 If you want to trim the handle by these edges, you need to Explode the handle first Now the component can be trimmed 22 Finally, erase the intersection edges you created when you first edited the handle 18 Return one last time to the saved file Now... create the faucet body as a solid (not a shell), with solid cutouts for the handles 101 the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 23 Close the handle Now select all four handles and copy them straight up at a known distance (i.e type in 3’) Remember the distance, since you will move them back down later 24 Now explode each of the original handles Select the faucet and all four exploded handles, and intersect them... figure out a layout for its windows To set the first dimension, we will use the Measure tool Click the endpoints that define the width Use Measure again to create a construction line 10’ above the bottom The copied window moves a bit farther from the original 3 4 1 04 And adjust the box height to meet the construction line Verify the height by checking one of the vertical edges in Entity Info Making... Push/Pull the box into the sphere and use Intersect with Model to trim the intersection 4 Now create the cross-section for the table leg This example includes some detail at the bottom and top Use the circle at the bottom with Follow Me to complete the leg 5 Use Intersect to get the intersection edges between the two parts of the leg, and trim as needed This exercise will show how to create a lathed form... the front, vertical face of the dormer Then drag a line from the top point straight back toward the roof Release the mouse when you hit the roof face This is a double constraint 5 Draw the two lower horizontal lines the same way, and complete the dormer form with lines along the roof 6 Complete the dormer by creating two pushed-in windows and erasing faces You’ll also have to erase the section of the. .. (all four faces) and move the window outside the boundary of the front face It no longer makes a cutout Now move the window by clicking one of the inside endpoints, and placing it on the front face The window now sticks out of the building Move the window back to the front face by dragging one of the outer endpoints (or any point on the front of the window) to the front face Alignment to faces works only . into one face. the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 84 31. Select the moat section. It remains the same distance from the path, all the way around. However, the intersections between the straight. point. 13. The extrusion this time has the rectangular cutout on the outside and the curved portion on the inside. the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 88 14. Here’s a funny aspect of Follow Me. Change the. and click one of the glass thumbnails. Click the skylight face to apply the glass material. the SketchUp Workbook Version 5 96 12. Close the component. The skylights appear on the roof, but