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U UKCC UKCC abbreviation United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visit- ing ulcer ulcer /lsə/ noun an open sore in the skin or in a mucous membrane, which is inflamed and diffi- cult to heal ć stomach ulcer ulcerative ulcerative /ls(ə)rətv/ adjective referring to ulcers, or characterised by ulcers ulcerative colitis ulcerative colitis /ls(ə)rətv kə | lats/ noun severe pain in the colon, with diarrhoea and ulcers in the rectum, often with a psychosomatic cause ulceromembranous gingivitis ulceromembranous gingivitis /lsərəυ | membrənəs dnd | vats/ noun inflamma- tion of the gums, which can also affect the mucous membrane in the mouth ule- ule- prefix relating to a scar, or to scar tissue ulna ulna /lnə/ noun the longer and inner of the two bones in the forearm between the elbow and the wrist. See illustration at HAND in Supplement. Compare radius ulnar ulnar /lnə/ adjective referring to the ulna ulnar artery ulnar artery /lnər ɑtəri/ noun an artery which branches from the brachial artery at the elbow and runs down the inside of the forearm to join the radial artery in the palm of the hand ulnar nerve ulnar nerve /lnə nv/ noun a nerve which runs from the neck to the elbow and controls the muscles in the forearm and some of the fingers COMMENT: The ulnar nerve passes near the surface of the skin at the elbow, where it can easily be hit, giving the effect of the ‘funny bone’. ultra- ultra- prefix 1. further than 2. extremely ultrafiltration ultrafiltration /ltrəfl | treʃ(ə)n/ noun the process of filtering the blood to remove tiny par- ticles, e.g. when the blood is filtered by the kidney ultrasonic ultrasonic /ltrə | sɒnk/ adjective referring to ultrasound ultrasonic probe ultrasonic probe /ltrəsɒnk prəυb/ noun an instrument which locates organs or tissues inside the body using ultrasound ultrasonics ultrasonics /ltrə | sɒnks/ noun the study of ultrasound and its use in medical treatments ultrasonic waves ultrasonic waves /ltrəsɒnk wevz/ plural noun same as ultrasound ultrasonogram ultrasonogram /ltrə | sɒnərm/ noun a picture made with ultrasound for the purpose of medical examination or diagnosis ultrasonograph ultrasonograph /ltrə | sɒnərɑf/ noun a machine which takes pictures of internal organs, using ultrasound ultrasonography ultrasonography /ltrəsə | nɒrəfi/ noun the procedure of passing ultrasound waves through the body and recording echoes which show details of internal organs. Also called echography ultrasound ultrasound /ltrəsaυnd/ noun very high fre- quency sound waves which can be reflected off internal body parts or off a fetus in the womb to create images for medical examination (NOTE: No plural for ultrasound.) ultrasound marker ultrasound marker /ltrəsaυnd mɑkə/ noun an unusual physical characteristic seen in an ultrasound examination of a fetus which is an indication of the existence of a genetic or devel- opmental disorder ultrasound probe ultrasound probe /ltrəsaυnd prəυb/ noun same as ultrasonic probe ultrasound scanning ultrasound scanning /ltrəsaυnd sknŋ/, ultrasound screening /ltrəsaυnd skrinŋ/ noun a method of gathering informa- tion about the body by taking images using high- frequency sound waves ultrasound treatment ultrasound treatment /ltrəsaυnd tritmənt / noun the treatment of soft tissue inflammation using ultrasound waves ultraviolet ultraviolet /ltrə | vaələt/ adjective referring to the short invisible rays beyond the violet end of the spectrum, which form the element in sunlight which tans the skin, helps the skin produce Vita- min D and kills bacteria. Abbreviation UV ultraviolet lamp ultraviolet lamp /ltrəvaələt lmp/ noun a lamp which gives off ultraviolet rays ultraviolet radiation ultraviolet radiation /ltrəvaələt redi | eʃ(ə)n/, ultraviolet rays /ltrə | vaələt res/ noun short invisible rays of ultraviolet light. Abbreviation UVR umbilical umbilical /m | blk(ə)l/ adjective referring to the navel umbilical cord umbilical cord /m | blk(ə)l kɔd/ noun a cord containing two arteries and one vein which links the fetus inside the uterus to the placenta Nursing.fm Page 318 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 319 uran- umbilical hernia umbilical hernia /m | blk(ə)l hniə/ noun a hernia which bulges at the navel, usually in young children. Also called exomphalos umbilicated umbilicated /m | blketd/ adjective with a small depression, like a navel, in the centre umbilicus umbilicus /m | blkəs/ noun same as navel umbo umbo /mbəυ/ noun a projecting part in the middle of the outer side of the eardrum un- un- /n/ prefix not unciform bone unciform bone /nsfɔm bəυn/ noun one of the eight small carpal bones in the wrist, shaped like a hook. Also called hamate bone uncinate uncinate /nsnət/ adjective shaped like a hook unconditioned response unconditioned response /nkəndʃ(ə)nd r | spɒns/ noun a response to a stimulus which occurs automatically, by instinct, and has not been learned unconscious unconscious /n | kɒnʃəs/ adjective not aware of what is happening ć She was unconscious for two days after the accident. í noun ˽ the uncon- scious (in psychology) the part of the mind which stores feelings, memories or desires that someone cannot consciously call up. ı subconscious unconsciousness unconsciousness /n | kɒnʃəsnəs/ noun the state of being unconscious, e.g. as a result of lack of oxygen or from some other external cause such as a blow on the head undecenoic acid undecenoic acid /n | desnəυk sd/, undecylenic acid / n | dslenk sd/ noun a substance made from castor bean oil, used in the treatment of fungal infections such as thrush undine undine /ndin/ noun a glass container for a solution to bathe the eyes undulant fever undulant fever /ndjυlənt fivə/ same as brucellosis ungual ungual /ŋwəl/ adjective referring to the fin- gernails or toenails unguentum unguentum /ŋ | wentəm/ noun (in phar- macy) an ointment unguis unguis /ŋws/ same as nail uni- uni- /juni/ prefix one unicellular unicellular /jun | seljυlə/ adjective referring to an organism formed of one cell unigravida unigravida /juni | rvdə/ noun same as primigravida unilateral unilateral /jun | lt(ə)rəl/ adjective affecting one side of the body only unilateral oophorectomy unilateral oophorectomy /junlt(ə)rəl əυəfə | rektəmi/ noun the surgical removal of one ovary union union /junjən/ noun the joining together of two parts of a fractured bone. Opposite non- union . ı malunion uniovular uniovular /juni | ɒvjυlə/ noun consisting of, or coming from, one ovum uniovular twins uniovular twins /juniɒvjυlə twnz/ plural noun same as identical twins unipara unipara /ju | npərə/ noun same as primipara unipolar neurone unipolar neurone /jun | pəυlə njυərəυn/ noun a neurone with a single process. Compare multipolar neurone, bipolar neurone. See illustration at NEURONE in Supplement unit unit /junt/ noun 1. a single part of a larger whole 2. a part of a hospital that has a specialised function ć a burns unit 3. a named and agreed standard amount used for measuring something ć A gram is an SI unit of weight. 4. a quantity of a drug, enzyme, hormone or of blood, taken as a standard for measurement and producing a given effect ć three units of blood ć a unit of insulin 5. a machine or device ć a waste-disposal unit United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery, and Health Visiting United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery, and Health Visiting /ju | natd kŋdəm sentrəl kaυnsəl fə nsŋ md | wfəri ənd helθ vztŋ/ noun in the UK from 1979 until April 2002, an organisa- tion which regulated nurses, midwives, and health visitors. The UKCC and the four National Boards have now been replaced by the Nursing and Mid- wifery Council. Abbreviation UKCC universal donor universal donor /junvs(ə)l dəυnə/ noun a person with blood group O, whose blood may be given to anyone Universal Precautions Universal Precautions /junvs(ə)l pr | kɔʃ(ə)nz/ abbreviation UP. ı Standard Pre- cautions universal recipient universal recipient /junvs(ə)l r | spiənt/ noun a person with blood group AB who can receive blood from all the other blood groups unsaturated fat unsaturated fat /n | stʃəretd ft/ noun fat which does not have a large amount of hydro- gen, and so can be broken down more easily unstable angina unstable angina /n | steb(ə)l n | danə/ noun angina which has suddenly become worse unstriated muscle unstriated muscle /nstra | etd ms(ə)l/ noun same as smooth muscle upper respiratory infection upper respiratory infection /pə r | sprət(ə)ri n | fekʃən/ noun an infection in the upper part of the respiratory system UPPP UPPP abbreviation uvulopalatopharyngoplasty upset stomach upset stomach /p | set stmək/ noun same as stomach upset uracil uracil /jυərəsl/ noun a pyrimidine base, one of the four bases in RNA in which it pairs with thym- ine uraemia uraemia /jυ | rimiə/ noun a disorder caused by kidney failure, where urea is retained in the blood, and the person develops nausea, convulsions and in severe cases goes into a coma uraemic uraemic /jυ | rimk/ adjective referring to urae- mia, or having uraemia uran- uran- /jυərən/ prefix referring to the palate Nursing.fm Page 319 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM urate 320 urate urate /jυəret/ noun a salt of uric acid found in urine uraturia uraturia /jυərə | tjυəriə/ noun the presence of excessive amounts of urates in the urine, e.g. in gout urea urea /jυ | riə/ noun a substance produced in the liver from excess amino acids, and excreted by the kidneys into the urine uresis uresis /jυ | riss/ noun the act of passing urine ureter ureter /jυ | ritə, jυərtə/ noun one of the two tubes which take urine from the kidneys to the uri- nary bladder. See illustration at KIDNEY in Sup- plement . Also called urinary duct ureter- ureter- /jυritə/ prefix same as uretero- (used before vowels) ureteral ureteral /jυ | ritərəl/ adjective referring to the ureters ureterectomy ureterectomy /jυərtə | rektəmi/ noun the surgical removal of a ureter ureteric ureteric /jυər | terk/ adjective same as ure- teral ureteric calculus ureteric calculus /jυərterk klkjυləs/ noun a kidney stone in the ureter ureteric catheter ureteric catheter /jυərterk kθtə/ noun a catheter passed through the ureter to the kidney, to inject an opaque solution into the kidney before taking an X-ray ureteritis ureteritis /jυərtə | rats/ noun inflammation of a ureter uretero- uretero- /jυritərəυ/ prefix referring to the ure- ter ureterocele ureterocele /jυ | ritərəυsil/ noun swelling in a ureter caused by narrowing of the opening where the ureter enters the bladder ureterocolostomy ureterocolostomy /jυ | ritərəυkɒ | lɒstəmi/ noun a surgical operation to implant the ureter into the sigmoid colon, so as to bypass the bladder ureteroenterostomy ureteroenterostomy /jυ | ritərəυ | entə | rɒstəmi/ noun an artificially formed passage between the ureter and the intestine ureterolith ureterolith /jυ | ritərəυlθ/ noun a stone in a ureter ureterolithotomy ureterolithotomy /jυ | ritərəυl | θɒtəmi/ noun the surgical removal of a stone from the ureter ureterolysis ureterolysis /jυərtə | rɒləss/ noun a surgical operation to free one or both ureters from adhe- sions or surrounding tissue ureteroneocystostomy ureteroneocystostomy /jυ | ritərəυ | niəυsa | stɒstəmi/ noun a surgical operation to transplant a ureter to a different location in the bladder ureteronephrectomy ureteronephrectomy /jυ | ritərəυn | frektəmi/ noun same as nephroureterectomy ureteroplasty ureteroplasty /jυ | ritərəυplsti/ noun a sur- gical operation to repair a ureter ureteropyelonephritis ureteropyelonephritis /jυ | ritərəυ | paələυnfrats/ noun inflammation of the ureter and the pelvis of the kidney to which it is attached ureteroscope ureteroscope /jυ | ritərəυskəυp/ noun an instrument which is passed into the ureter and up into the kidneys, usually used to locate or remove a stone ureteroscopy ureteroscopy /jυərtə | rɒskəpi/ noun an examination of the ureter with a ureteroscope ureterosigmoidostomy ureterosigmoidostomy /jυ | ritərəυ | smɔ | dɒstəmi/ same as ureterocolostomy ureterostomy ureterostomy /jυərtə | rɒstəmi/ noun a surgi- cal operation to make an artificial opening for the ureter into the abdominal wall, so that urine can be passed directly out of the body ureterotomy ureterotomy /jυərtə | rɒtəmi/ noun a surgical operation to make an incision into the ureter, mainly to remove a stone ureterovaginal ureterovaginal /jυ | ritərəυvə | dan(ə)l/ adjective referring to the ureter and the vagina urethra urethra /ju | riθrə/ noun a tube which takes urine from the bladder to be passed out of the body. See illustration at UROGENITAL SYSTEM in Supplement urethral urethral /ju | riθr(ə)l/ adjective referring to the urethra urethral catheter urethral catheter /ju | riθr(ə)l kθtə/ noun a catheter passed up the urethra to allow urine to flow out of the bladder, used to empty the bladder before an abdominal operation. Also called uri- nary catheter urethral stricture urethral stricture /ju | riθrəl strktʃə/ noun a condition in which the urethra is narrowed or blocked by a growth. Also called urethrosteno- sis urethritis urethritis /jυərə | θrats/ noun inflammation of the urethra urethro- urethro- /juriθrəυ/ prefix referring to the ure- thra urethrocele urethrocele /ju | riθrəsil/ noun a swelling formed in a weak part of the wall of the urethra urethrogram urethrogram /ju | riθrərm/ noun an X-ray photograph of the urethra urethrography urethrography /jυər | θrɒrəfi/ noun X-ray examination of the urethra urethroplasty urethroplasty /ju | riθrəplsti/ noun a surgi- cal operation to repair a urethra urethrorrhaphy urethrorrhaphy /jυər | θrɒrəfi/ noun a surgi- cal operation to repair a torn urethra urethrorrhoea urethrorrhoea /jυ | riθrə | riə/ noun the dis- charge of fluid from the urethra, usually associ- ated with urethritis urethroscope urethroscope /jυ | riθrəskəυp/ noun a surgi- cal instrument, used to examine the interior of a man’s urethra urethroscopy urethroscopy /jυər | θrɒskəpi/ noun an examination of the inside of a man’s urethra with a urethroscope Nursing.fm Page 320 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 321 urticaria urethrostenosis urethrostenosis /jυ | riθrəυstə | nəυss/ noun same as urethral stricture urethrostomy urethrostomy /jυər | θrɒstəmi/ noun a surgi- cal operation to make an opening for a man’s ure- thra between the scrotum and the anus urethrotomy urethrotomy /jυər | θrɒtəmi/ noun a surgical operation to open a blocked or narrowed urethra. Also called Wheelhouse’s operation urge incontinence urge incontinence /d n | kɒntnəns/ noun a condition in which someone feels a very strong need to urinate and cannot retain their urine -uria -uria /jυəriə/ suffix 1. a condition of the urine 2. a disease characterised by a condition of the urine uric acid uric acid /jυərk sd/ noun a chemical com- pound which is formed from nitrogen in waste products from the body and which also forms crystals in the joints of people who have gout urin- urin- /jυərn/ prefix same as urino- (used before vowels) urinalysis urinalysis /jυər | nləss/ noun the analysis of urine, to detect diseases such as diabetes mellitus urinary urinary /jυərn(ə)ri/ adjective referring to urine urinary bladder urinary bladder /jυərn(ə)ri bldə/ noun a sac where the urine collects after passing from the kidneys through the ureters, before being passed out of the body through the urethra. See illustra- tion at KIDNEY, UROGENITAL SYSTEM (MALE) in Supplement urinary catheter urinary catheter /jυərn(ə)ri kθtə/ noun same as urethral catheter urinary duct urinary duct /jυərn(ə)ri dkt/ noun same as ureter urinary incontinence urinary incontinence /jυərn(ə)ri n | kɒntnəns/ noun the involuntary emission of urine urinary obstruction urinary obstruction /jυərn(ə)ri əb | strkʃən/ noun a blockage of the urethra, which prevents urine being passed urinary retention urinary retention /jυərn(ə)ri r | tenʃən/ noun the inability to pass urine, usually because the urethra is blocked or because the prostate gland is enlarged. Also called urine retention urinary system urinary system /jυərn(ə)ri sstəm/ noun a system of organs and ducts which separate waste liquids from the blood and excrete them as urine, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters and ure- thra urinary tract urinary tract /jυərn(ə)ri trkt/ noun the set of tubes down which the urine passes from the kidneys to the bladder and from the bladder out of the body urinary tract infection urinary tract infection /jυərn(ə)ri trkt n | fekʃən/ noun a bacterial infection of any part of the urinary system. Symptoms are usually a need to urinate frequently and pain on urination. Abbreviation UTI urinate urinate /jυərnet/ verb to pass urine from the body urination urination /jυər | neʃ(ə)n/ noun the passing of urine out of the body. Also called micturition urine urine /jυərn/ noun a yellowish liquid, contain- ing water and waste products, mainly salt and urea, which is excreted by the kidneys and passed out of the body through the ureters, bladder and urethra urine retention urine retention /jυərn r | tenʃ(ə)n/ noun same as urinary retention uriniferous tubule uriniferous tubule /jυər | nf(ə)rəs tjubjul/ noun same as renal tubule urino- urino- /jυərnəυ/ prefix referring to urine urinogenital urinogenital /jυərnəυ | dent(ə)l/ adjective same as urogenital urinometer urinometer /jυər | nɒmtə/ noun an instru- ment which measures the specific gravity of urine urobilin urobilin /jυərəυ | baln/ noun a yellow pig- ment formed when urobilinogen comes into con- tact with air urobilinogen urobilinogen /jυərəυba | lnədən/ noun a colourless pigment formed when bilirubin is reduced to stercobilinogen in the intestines urochrome urochrome /jυərəkrəυm/ noun the pigment which colours the urine yellow urodynamics urodynamics /jυərəυda | nmks/ plural noun the active changes which occur during the function of the bladder, urethral sphincter and pelvic floor muscles urogenital urogenital /jυərəυ | dent(ə)l/ adjective referring to the urinary and genital systems. Also called urinogenital urogenital system urogenital system /jυərəυ | dent(ə)l sstəm/ noun the whole of the urinary tract and reproductive system urogram urogram /jυərərm/ noun an X-ray picture of the urinary tract, or of a part of it urography urography /jυ | rɒrəfi/ noun an X-ray exami- nation of part of the urinary system after injection of radio-opaque dye urokinase urokinase /jυərəυ | kanez/ noun an enzyme formed in the kidneys, which begins the process of breaking down blood clots urolith urolith /jυərəlθ/ noun a stone in the urinary system urological urological /jυərə | lɒdk(ə)l/ adjective refer- ring to urology urologist urologist /jυ | rɒlədst/ noun a doctor who specialises in urology urology urology /jυ | rɒlədi/ noun the scientific study of the urinary system and its diseases urostomy urostomy /jυ | rɒstəmi/ noun the surgical crea- tion of an artificial urethra urticaria urticaria /t | keəriə/ noun an allergic reaction to injections, particular foods or plants where the skin forms irritating reddish patches. Also called hives, nettle rash Nursing.fm Page 321 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM usual 322 usual usual /juuəl/ adjective expected or typical uter- uter- /jutə/ prefix same as utero- (used before vowels) uterine uterine /jutəran/ adjective referring to the uterus uterine cavity uterine cavity /jutəran kvti/ noun the inside of the uterus uterine procidentia uterine procidentia /jutəran prəυs | denʃə/, uterine prolapse /jutəran prəυlps/ noun a condition in which part of the uterus has passed through the vagina, usually after childbirth COMMENT: Uterine procidentia has three stages of severity: in the first the cervix de- scends into the vagina, in the second the cervix is outside the vagina, but part of the uterus is still inside, and in the third stage, the whole uterus passes outside the vagina. uterine retroflexion uterine retroflexion /jutəran retrəυ | flekʃ(ə)n/ noun a condition in which the uterus bends backwards away from its usual position uterine retroversion uterine retroversion /jutəran retrəυ | vʃ(ə)n/ noun a condition in which the uterus slopes backwards away from its usual position utero- utero- /jutərəυ/ prefix referring to the uterus uterography uterography /jutə | rɒrəfi/ noun an X-ray examination of the uterus uterosalpingography uterosalpingography /jutərəυslpŋ | ɒrəfi/ noun same as hysterosalpingogra- phy uterovesical uterovesical /jutərəυ | vesk(ə)l/ adjective referring to the uterus and the bladder uterus uterus /jut(ə)rəs/ noun the hollow organ in a woman’s pelvic cavity, behind the bladder and in front of the rectum in which the embryo develops before birth. Also called womb. See illustration at UROGENITAL SYSTEM (FEMALE) in Supplement (NOTE: For other terms referring to the uterus, see words beginning with hyster-, hystero-, metr-, metro ) uterus didelphys uterus didelphys /jut(ə)rəs da | delfs/ noun same as double uterus utricle utricle /jutrk(ə)l/, utriculus /jυ | trkjυləs/ noun a large sac inside the vestibule of the ear, which relates information about the upright posi- tion of the head to the brain UV UV abbreviation ultraviolet uvea uvea /juviə/ noun a layer of organs in the eye beneath the sclera, formed of the iris, the ciliary body and the choroid. Also called uveal tract uveal uveal /juviəl/ adjective referring to the uvea uveal tract uveal tract /juviəl trkt/ noun same as uvea uveitis uveitis /juvi | ats/ noun inflammation of any part of the uvea UVR UVR abbreviation ultraviolet radiation uvula uvula /juvjυlə/ noun a piece of soft tissue which hangs down from the back of the soft palate uvular uvular /juvjυlə/ adjective referring to the uvula uvulectomy uvulectomy /juvjυ | lektəmi/ noun the surgi- cal removal of the uvula uvulitis uvulitis /juvjυ | lats/ noun inflammation of the uvula uvulopalatopharyngoplasty uvulopalatopharyngoplasty /juvjυləυ | plətəυfə | rŋəυplsti/ noun a surgical oper- ation to remove the uvula and other soft tissue in the palate, in order to widen the airways and treat the problem of snoring. Abbreviation UPPP Nursing.fm Page 322 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM V vaccinate vaccinate /vksnet/ verb to introduce vac- cine into a person’s body in order to make the body create its own antibodies, so making the per- son immune to the disease (NOTE: You vaccinate someone against a disease.) vaccination vaccination /vks | neʃ(ə)n/ noun the action of vaccinating someone COMMENT: Originally the words vaccination and vaccine applied only to smallpox immu- nisation, but they are now used for immuni- sation against any disease. Vaccination is mainly given against cholera, diphtheria, ra- bies, smallpox, tuberculosis, and typhoid. vaccine vaccine /vksin/ noun a substance which contains antigens to a disease or a weak form of a disease, used to protect people against it vacuum vacuum /vkjum/ noun a space which is completely empty of all matter, including air vacuum extraction vacuum extraction /vkjuəm k | strkʃən/ noun the procedure of pulling on the head of the baby with a suction instrument to aid birth vacuum extractor vacuum extractor /vkjuəm k | strktə/ noun a surgical instrument formed of a rubber suction cup which is used in vacuum extraction during childbirth vacuum suction vacuum suction /vkjuəm skʃən/ noun a method used to achieve an abortion, after dilata- tion of the cervix. Also called aspiration vagal vagal /ve(ə)l/ adjective referring to the vagus nerve vagal tone vagal tone /ve(ə)l təυn/ noun the action of the vagus nerve to slow the beat of the sinoatrial node vagin- vagin- /vədan/ prefix referring to the vagina vagina vagina /və | danə/ noun a passage in a woman’s reproductive tract between the entrance to the uterus, the cervix, and the vulva, able to stretch enough to allow a baby to pass through during childbirth. See illustration at UROGENITAL SYSTEM (FEMALE) in Supplement (NOTE: For other terms referring to the vagina, see words beginning with colp-, colpo ) vaginal bleeding vaginal bleeding /və | dan(ə)l blidŋ/ noun bleeding from the vagina vaginal delivery vaginal delivery /və | dan(ə)l d | lv(ə)ri/ noun the birth of a baby through the mother’s vagina, without surgical intervention vaginal diaphragm vaginal diaphragm /və | dan(ə)l daəfrm/ noun a circular contraceptive device for women, which is inserted into the vagina and placed over the neck of the uterus before sexual intercourse vaginal discharge vaginal discharge /və | dan(ə)l dstʃɑd/ noun the flow of liquid from the vagina vaginal douche vaginal douche /və | dan(ə)l duʃ/ noun 1. the process of washing out the vagina 2. a device or liquid for washing out the vagina vaginal examination vaginal examination /və | dan(ə)l | zm | neʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of checking the vagina for signs of disease or growth vaginal suppository vaginal suppository /vdn(ə)l sə | pɒzt(ə)ri/ noun same as pessary 1 vaginismus vaginismus /vd | nzməs/ noun a painful contraction of the vagina which prevents sexual intercourse vaginitis vaginitis /vd | nats/ noun inflammation of the vagina which is mainly caused by the bacte- rium Trichomonas vaginalis or by a fungus Can- dida albicans vaginoplasty vaginoplasty /və | danəplsti/ noun a surgi- cal operation to graft tissue on to the vagina vaginoscope vaginoscope /vdnəυskəυp/ noun same as colposcope vago- vago- /veɒ/ prefix referring to the vagus nerve vagotomy vagotomy /ve | ɒtəmi/ noun a surgical opera- tion to cut through the vagus nerve which controls the nerves in the stomach, as a treatment for pep- tic ulcers vagus vagus /veəs/, vagus nerve /veəs nv/ noun either of the tenth pair of cranial nerves which carry sensory and motor neurons serving the heart, lungs, stomach, and various other organs and control swallowing. Also called pneumogastric nerve valgus valgus /vləs/, valgum /vləm/, valga / vlə/ adjective turning outwards. ı hallux valgus . Compare varus validity validity /və | ldti/ noun (of a study) the fact of being based on sound research and methods which exclude alternative explanations of a result valine valine /velin/ noun an essential amino acid Nursing.fm Page 323 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM Valium 324 Valium Valium /vliəm/ a trade name for diazepam vallate papillae vallate papillae /vlet pə | pili/ plural noun large papillae which form a line towards the back of the tongue and contain taste buds Valsalva’s manoeuvre Valsalva’s manoeuvre /vl | slvəz mə | nuvə/ noun the process of breathing out while holding the nostrils closed and keeping the mouth shut, used in order to test the functioning of the Eustachian tubes or to adjust the pressure in the middle ear valve valve /vlv/ noun a flap which opens and closes to allow liquid to pass in one direction only, e.g. in the heart, blood vessels or lymphatic vessels valvotomy valvotomy /vl | vɒtəmi/ noun a surgical oper- ation to cut into a valve to make it open wider valvula valvula /vlvjυlə/ noun a small valve (NOTE: The plural is valvulae.) valvulitis valvulitis /vlvjυ | lats/ noun inflammation of a valve in the heart valvuloplasty valvuloplasty /vlvjυləυplsti/ noun sur- gery to repair valves in the heart without opening the heart valvulotomy valvulotomy /vlvjυ | lɒtəmi/ noun same as valvotomy vancomycin vancomycin /vŋkəυ | masn/ noun an anti- biotic which is effective against some bacteria which are resistant to other antibiotics. Strains of bacteria resistant to vancomycin have now devel- oped. van den Bergh test van den Bergh test /vn den b test/ noun a test of blood serum to see if a case of jaun- dice is caused by an obstruction in the liver or by haemolysis of red blood cells [After A.A. Hijmans van den Bergh (1869–1943), Dutch physician.] vaporiser vaporiser /vepərazə/, vaporizer noun a device which warms a liquid to which medicinal oil has been added, so that it provides a vapour which someone can inhale vapour vapour /vepə/ noun 1. a substance in the form of a gas 2. steam from a mixture of a liquid and a medicinal oil vara vara /veərə/ adjective same as varus variant CJD variant CJD /veəriənt side di/ noun a form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease which was observed first in the 1980s, especially affecting younger people. Abbreviation vCJD varicectomy varicectomy /vri | sektəmi/ noun a surgical operation to remove a vein or part of a vein varicella varicella /vri | selə/ noun same as chicken- pox varices varices /vrsiz/ plural of varix varicose varicose /vrkəυs/ adjective 1. affected with or having varicose veins 2. designed for the treat- ment of varicose veins 3. relating to or producing swelling varicose eczema varicose eczema /vrkəυs eksmə/ noun eczema which develops on the legs, caused by bad circulation. Also called hypostatic eczema varicose ulcer varicose ulcer /vrkəυs lsə/ noun an ulcer in the leg as a result of bad circulation and varicose veins varicose vein varicose vein /vrkəυs ven/ noun a vein, usually in the legs, which becomes twisted and swollen varicosity varicosity /vr | kɒsti/ noun (of veins) the condition of being swollen and twisted varicotomy varicotomy /vr | kɒtəmi/ noun a surgical operation to make a cut into a varicose vein varifocals varifocals /veəri | fəυk(ə)lz/ plural noun spec- tacles with lenses which have varying focal lengths from top to bottom, for looking at things at different distances from the wearer variola variola /və | raələ/ noun same as smallpox varix varix /veərks/ noun a swollen blood vessel, especially a swollen vein in the leg (NOTE: The plural is varices.) varus varus /veərəs/, varum /veərəm/, vara / veərə/ adjective turning inwards. ı coxa vara. Compare valgus vas vas /vs/ noun a tube in the body (NOTE: The plural is vasa.) vas- vas- /vs/ prefix same as vaso- vasa efferentia vasa efferentia /vesə efə | rentiə/ plural noun the group of small tubes which sperm travel down from the testis to the epididymis vasa vasorum vasa vasorum /vesə ve | sɔrəm/ plural noun tiny blood vessels in the walls of larger blood vessels vascular vascular /vskjυlə/ adjective referring to blood vessels vascularisation vascularisation /vskjυləra | zeʃ(ə)n/, vascularization noun the development of new blood vessels vascular lesion vascular lesion /vskjυlə li(ə)n/ noun damage to a blood vessel vascular system vascular system /vskjυlə sstəm/ noun the series of vessels such as veins, arteries and capillaries, carrying blood around the body vasculitis vasculitis /vskjυ | lats/ noun inflammation of a blood vessel vas deferens vas deferens /vs defərənz/ noun see illus- tration at UROGENITAL SYSTEM (MALE) in Supple- ment. Also called ductus deferens, sperm duct ( NOTE: The plural is vasa deferentia.) vasectomy vasectomy /və | sektəmi/ noun a surgical oper- ation to cut a vas deferens, in order to prevent sperm travelling from the epididymis up the duct vas efferens vas efferens /vs efərenz/ noun one of many tiny tubes which take the spermatozoa from the testis to the epididymis (NOTE: The plural is vasa efferentia.) vaso- vaso- /vezəυ/ prefix 1. referring to a blood ves- sel 2. referring to the vas deferens vasoactive vasoactive /vezəυ | ktv/ adjective having an effect on the blood vessels, especially con- stricting the arteries Nursing.fm Page 324 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 325 venogram vasoconstriction vasoconstriction /vezəυkən | strkʃən/ noun a contraction of blood vessels which makes them narrower vasoconstrictor vasoconstrictor /vezəυkən | strktə/ noun a chemical substance which makes blood vessels become narrower, so that blood pressure rises, e.g. ephedrine hydrochloride vasodilatation vasodilatation /vezəυ | dalə | teʃ(ə)n/, vasodilation / vezəυda | leʃ(ə)n/ noun the relaxation of blood vessels, especially the arter- ies, making them wider and leading to increased blood flow or reduced blood pressure vasodilator vasodilator /vezəυda | letə/ noun a chemi- cal substance which makes blood vessels become wider, so that blood flows more easily and blood pressure falls, e.g. hydralazine hydrochloride vaso-epididymostomy vaso-epididymostomy /vezəυ epdd | mɒstəmi/ noun a surgical operation to reverse a vasectomy in which the cut end of the vas defer- ens is joined to a tubule within the epididymis above a blockage in it vasomotion vasomotion /vezə | məυʃ(ə)n/ noun the con- trol of the diameter of blood vessels and thus of blood flow. ı vasoconstriction, vasodilatation vasomotor vasomotor /vezəυ | məυtə/ adjective refer- ring to the control of the diameter of blood vessels vasomotor centre vasomotor centre /vezə | məυtə sentə/ noun a nerve centre in the brain which changes the rate of heartbeat and the diameter of blood vessels and so regulates blood pressure vasomotor nerve vasomotor nerve /vezəυ | məυtə nv/ noun a nerve in the wall of a blood vessel which affects the diameter of the vessel vasopressor vasopressor /vezəυ | presə/ noun a sub- stance which increases blood pressure by narrow- ing the blood vessels vasospasm vasospasm /vezəυspzm/ noun a muscle spasm causing the fingers to become cold, white and numb. ı Raynaud’s disease vasovagal vasovagal /vezəυ | ve(ə)l/ adjective refer- ring to the vagus nerve and its effect on the heart- beat and blood circulation vasovagal attack vasovagal attack /vezəυ | ve(ə)l ə | tk/ noun a fainting fit as a result of a slowing down of the heartbeats caused by excessive activity of the vagus nerve vasovasostomy vasovasostomy /vezəυvə | sɒstəmi/ noun a surgical operation to reverse a vasectomy vasovesiculitis vasovesiculitis /vezəυveskju | lats/ noun inflammation of the seminal vesicles and a vas deferens VBAC VBAC abbreviation vaginal birth after Caesarean section vCJD vCJD abbreviation variant CJD VD VD abbreviation venereal disease VD clinic VD clinic /vi di klnk/ noun a clinic spe- cialising in the diagnosis and treatment of vene- real diseases vector vector /vektə/ noun an insect or animal which carries a disease and can pass it to humans ć The tsetse fly is a vector of sleeping sickness. vegan vegan /viən/ noun someone who does not eat meat, dairy produce, eggs or fish and eats only vegetables and fruit í adjective involving a diet of only vegetables and fruit vegetarian vegetarian /ved | teəriən/ noun someone who does not eat meat, but eats mainly vegetables and fruit and sometimes dairy produce, eggs or fish í adjective involving a diet without meat vegetation vegetation /ved | teʃ(ə)n/ noun a growth on a membrane, e.g. on the cusps of valves in the heart vegetative vegetative /vedtətv/ adjective referring to growth of tissue or organs vehicle vehicle /vik(ə)l/ noun a liquid in which a dose of a drug is put vein vein /ven/ noun a blood vessel which takes deoxygenated blood containing waste carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the heart (NOTE: For other terms referring to veins see words beginning phleb-, phlebo- or vene-, veno ) vena cava vena cava /vinə kevə/ noun one of two large veins which take deoxygenated blood from all the other veins into the right atrium of the heart. See illustration at HEART in Supplement, KIDNEY in Supplement (NOTE: The plural is venae cavae.) vene- vene- /ven/ prefix referring to veins venepuncture venepuncture /venpŋktʃə/ noun the act of puncturing a vein either to inject a drug or to take a blood sample venereal venereal /və | nəriəl/ adjective 1. relating to sex acts or sexual desire 2. relating to the genitals 3. referring to an infection or disease which is trans- mitted through sexual intercourse ć venereal warts venereal disease venereal disease /və | nəriəl d | ziz/ noun a disease which is passed from one person to another during sexual intercourse. Abbreviation VD (NOTE: Now usually called a sexually trans- mitted infection (STI).) venereal wart venereal wart /və | nəriəl wɔt/ noun a wart on the genitals or in the urogenital area venereology venereology /və | nəri | ɒlədi/ noun the scien- tific study of venereal diseases venesection venesection /ven | sekʃən/ noun an operation where a vein is cut so that blood can be removed, e.g. when taking blood from a donor venipuncture venipuncture /venpŋktʃə/ noun same as venepuncture veno- veno- /vinəυ/ prefix referring to veins venoclysis venoclysis /və | nɒkləss/ noun the procedure of slowly introducing a saline or other solution into a vein venogram venogram /vinərm/ noun same as phle- bogram Nursing.fm Page 325 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM venography 326 venography venography /v | nɒrəfi/ noun same as phle- bography venom venom /venəm/ noun a poison in the bite of a snake or insect venous venous /vinəs/ adjective referring to the veins venous blood venous blood /vinəs bld/ noun same as deoxygenated blood venous system venous system /vinəs sstəm/ noun a sys- tem of veins which brings blood back to the heart from the tissues venous thrombosis venous thrombosis /vinəs θrɒm | bəυss/ noun the blocking of a vein by a blood clot venous ulcer venous ulcer /vinəs lsə/ noun an ulcer in the leg, caused by varicose veins or by a blood clot ventilation ventilation /vent | leʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of breathing air in or out of the lungs, so removing waste products from the blood in exchange for oxygen. ı dead space ventilator ventilator /ventletə/ noun a machine which pumps air into and out of the lungs of someone who has difficulty in breathing ć The newborn baby was put on a ventilator. Also called respira- tor Ventimask Ventimask /ventimɑsk/ a trademark for a type of oxygen mask Ventolin Ventolin /ventəln/ a trade name for salbuta- mol ventouse ventouse /ventus/ noun a cup-like vacuum device attached to the top of an unborn baby’s head in the process of delivery, used to enable a distressed baby to be born quickly ventral ventral /ventr(ə)l/ adjective 1. referring to the abdomen 2. referring to the front of the body. Opposite dorsal ventricle ventricle /ventrk(ə)l/ noun a cavity in an organ, especially in the heart or brain. See illus- tration at HEART in Supplement ventricul- ventricul- /ventrkjυl/ prefix referring to a ven- tricle in the brain or heart ventricular ventricular /ven | trkjυlə/ adjective referring to the ventricles ventricular fibrillation ventricular fibrillation /ven | trkjυlə fabr | leʃ(ə)n/ noun a serious heart condition where the ventricular muscles flutter and the heart no longer beats. Abbreviation VF ventricular folds ventricular folds /ven | trkjυlə fəυldz/ plural noun same as vocal cords ventricular septal defect ventricular septal defect /ven | trkjυlə sept(ə)l d | fekt/ noun a condition in which blood can flow between the two ventricles of the heart, because the intraventricular septum has not developed properly. Abbreviation VSD ventriculoatriostomy ventriculoatriostomy /ven | trkjυləυ | etri | ɒstəmi/ noun an operation to relieve pressure caused by excessive quantities of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain ventricles ventriculo-peritoneal shunt ventriculo-peritoneal shunt /ven | trkjυləυ pertə | niəl ʃnt/ noun an artificial drain used in hydrocephalus to drain cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles ventriculoscopy ventriculoscopy /ven | trkjυ | lɒskəpi/ noun an examination of the brain using an endoscope ventriculostomy ventriculostomy /ven | trkjυ | lɒstəmi/ noun a surgical operation to pass a hollow needle into a ventricle of the brain so as to reduce pressure, take a sample of fluid or enlarge the ventricular opening to prevent the need for a shunt ventro- ventro- /ventrəυ/ prefix ventral ventrofixation ventrofixation /ventrəυfk | seʃ(ə)n/ noun a surgical operation to treat retroversion of the uterus by attaching the uterus to the wall of the abdomen ventrosuspension ventrosuspension /ventrəυsə | spenʃən/ noun a surgical operation to treat retroversion of the uterus Venturi mask Venturi mask /ven | tjυəri mɑsk/ noun a type of disposable mask which gives the person a con- trolled mixture of oxygen and air Venturi nebuliser Venturi nebuliser /ven | tjυəri nebjυlazə/ noun a type of nebuliser which is used in aerosol therapy venule venule /venjul/ noun a small vein or vessel leading from tissue to a larger vein vera vera /vərə/ decidua verapamil verapamil /və | rpəml/ noun a synthetic com- pound which helps to prevent the movement of calcium ions across membranes. It is used in the treatment of angina pectoris, hypertension and irregular heartbeat. vermiform appendix vermiform appendix /vmfɔm ə | pendks/ noun same as appendix 1 vermillion border vermillion border /və | mliən bɔdə/ noun the external red parts of the lips vermix vermix /vmks/ noun a vermiform appendix vernix caseosa vernix caseosa /vnks kesi | əυsə/ noun an oily substance which covers a baby’s skin at birth verruca verruca /və | rukə/ noun a small hard harmless growth on the sole of the foot, caused by a virus (NOTE: Verrucas are a type of wart. The plural is verrucas or verrucae.) version version /vʃ(ə)n/ noun the procedure of turn- ing a fetus in a uterus so as to put it in a better position for birth vertebra vertebra /vtbrə/ noun one of twenty-four ring-shaped bones which link together to form the backbone. See illustration at CARTILAGINOUS JOINT in Supplement (NOTE: The plural is verte- brae.) vertebral vertebral /vtbrəl/ adjective referring to the vertebrae vertebral artery vertebral artery /vtbrəl ɑtəri/ noun one of two arteries which go up the back of the neck into the brain Nursing.fm Page 326 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 327 victim vertebral canal vertebral canal /vtbrəl kə | nl/ noun same as spinal canal vertebral column vertebral column /vtbrəl kɒləm/ noun the series of bones and discs linked together to form a flexible column running from the base of the skull to the pelvis. Also called backbone, spinal column . See illustration at PELVIS in Sup- plement vertebral disc vertebral disc /vtbrəl dsk/ noun same as intervertebral disc vertebral foramen vertebral foramen /vtbrəl fə | remən/ noun a hole in the centre of a vertebra which links with others to form the vertebral canal through which the spinal cord passes vertex vertex /vteks/ noun the top of the skull vertex delivery vertex delivery /vteks d | lv(ə)ri/ noun a normal birth, where the baby’s head appears first vertigo vertigo /vtəυ/ noun 1. feelings of dizziness or giddiness caused by a malfunction of the sense of balance 2. a fear of heights, as a result of a sen- sation of dizziness which is felt when high up, especially on a tall building ć She won’t sit near the window – she suffers from vertigo. vesical vesical /vesk(ə)l/ adjective referring to the bladder vesicle vesicle /vesk(ə)l/ noun 1. a small blister on the skin, e.g. caused by eczema 2. a sac which contains liquid vesico- vesico- /veskəυ/ prefix referring to the urinary bladder vesicostomy vesicostomy /ves | kɒstəmi/, vesicotomy / ves | kɒtəmi/ noun same as cystostomy vesicoureteric reflux vesicoureteric reflux /veskəυjυər | terk riflks/ noun the flowing of urine back from the bladder up the ureters during urination, which may carry infection from the bladder to the kid- neys. Also called vesicouretic reflux vesicouretic vesicouretic /veskəυjυ | retk/ adjective relating to the urinary bladder and the ureters vesicouretic reflux vesicouretic reflux /veskəυjυ | retk riflks / noun same as vesicoureteric reflux vesicovaginal vesicovaginal /veskəυvə | dan(ə)l/ adjec- tive referring to the bladder and the vagina vesicovaginal fistula vesicovaginal fistula /veskəυvə | dan(ə)l fstjυlə / noun an unusual opening between the bladder and the vagina vesicular vesicular /və | skjυlə/ adjective referring to a vesicle vesicular breathing vesicular breathing /və | skjυlə briðŋ/, vesicular breath sound / və | skjυlə breθ saυnd/ plural noun the sound made during the normal breathing process vesiculation vesiculation /və | skjυ | leʃ(ə)n/ noun the for- mation of blisters on the skin vesiculitis vesiculitis /və | skjυ | lats/ noun inflamma- tion of the seminal vesicles vesiculography vesiculography /və | skjυ | lɒrəfi/ noun an X-ray examination of the seminal vesicles vesiculopapular vesiculopapular /və | skjυləυ | ppjυlə/ adjective referring to a skin disorder which has both blisters and papules vesiculopustular vesiculopustular /və | skjυləυ | pstjυlə/ adjective referring to a skin disorder which has both blisters and pustules vessel vessel /ves(ə)l/ noun 1. a tube in the body along which liquid flows, especially a blood ves- sel 2. a container for fluids vestibular vestibular /ve | stbjυlə/ adjective referring to a vestibule, especially the vestibule of the inner ear vestibular glands vestibular glands /ve | stbjυlə lndz/ plu- ral noun the glands at the point where the vagina and vulva join, which secrete a lubricating sub- stance vestibular nerve vestibular nerve /ve | stbjυlə nv/ noun the part of the auditory nerve which carries informa- tion about balance to the brain vestibule vestibule /vestbjul/ noun a cavity in the body at the entrance to an organ, especially the first cavity in the inner ear or the space in the lar- ynx above the vocal cords or a nostril. See illus- tration at EAR in Supplement vestibulocochlear nerve vestibulocochlear nerve /ve | stbjυləυ | kɒkliə nv/ noun the eighth cranial nerve which governs hearing and balance. Also called acoustic nerve, auditory nerve vestigial vestigial /ves | tdiəl/ adjective existing in a rudimentary form ć The coccyx is a vestigial tail. VF VF abbreviation ventricular fibrillation viable viable /vaəb(ə)l/ adjective referring to a fetus which can survive if born ć A fetus is viable by about the 28th week of pregnancy. Viagra Viagra /va | rə/ a trade name for sildenafil cit- rate vial vial /vaəl/ noun same as phial Vibramycin Vibramycin /vabrə | masn/ a trade name for doxycycline vibrate vibrate /va | bret/ verb to move rapidly and continuously vibration vibration /va | breʃ(ə)n/ noun rapid and con- tinuous movement ć Speech is formed by the vibrations of the vocal cords. Vibrio Vibrio /vbriəυ/ noun a genus of Gram-negative bacteria which are found in water and cause chol- era vibrissae vibrissae /va | brsi/ plural noun hairs in the nostrils or ears vicarious vicarious /v | keəriəs/ adjective done by one organ or agent in place of another vicarious menstruation vicarious menstruation /v | keəriəs menstru | eʃ(ə)n/ noun the discharge of blood other than by the vagina during menstrual periods victim victim /vktm/ noun a person who is injured in an accident or who has caught a disease ć The victims of the rail crash were taken to the local hospital. ˽ to fall victim to something to become a victim of or to experience bad effects Nursing.fm Page 327 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM [...]... which is used in the fermentation of alcohol and in making bread It is a good source of Vitamin B yellow / jeləυ/ adjective of a colour like that of the sun or of gold ć His skin turned yellow when he had hepatitis ć The whites of the eyes become yellow as a symptom of jaundice í noun a colour like that of the sun or of gold yellow fever / jeləυ fi və/ noun an infectious disease, occurring especially... are taken ć All the staff had to have chest X-rays í verb to take an X-ray photograph of a patient ć There are six patients waiting to be X-rayed X-ray imaging / eks rei imid iŋ/ noun the process of showing X-ray pictures of the inside of part of the body on a screen X-ray screening / eks rei skri niŋ/ noun a method of gathering information about the body by taking images using X-rays It is carried out... disease which causes severe loss of weight or reduction in size of an organ water / wɔ tə/ noun 1 the liquid essential to life which makes up a large part of the body ć Can I have a glass of water please? ć They suffered dehydration from lack of water ˽ water on the knee fluid in the knee joint under the kneecap, caused by a blow on the knee 2 urine (informal) ć He passed a lot of water during the night ć... treatment of yoga Zadik’s operation | Zantac zidovudine | zygomatic zygomatic / zai ə m tik/ adjective referring to the zygomatic arch zygomatic arch / zai əm tik ɑ tʃ/ noun the ridge of bone across the temporal bone, running between the ear and the bottom of the eye socket Also called zygoma zygomatic bone / zai əm tik bəυn/ noun a bone which forms the prominent part of the cheek and the lower part of the... vaitis/ noun inflammation of the vulva, causing intense irritation vulvovaginitis / v lvəυv d i naitis/ noun inflammation of the vulva and vagina vulvitis | vulvovaginitis | Nursing. fm Page 331 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM W waiting list waiting list / weitiŋ list/ noun a list of people waiting for admission to hospital usually for treatment of non-urgent disorders ć The length of waiting lists for non-emergency... virulence / virυləns/ noun 1 the ability of a microorganism to cause a disease 2 the degree of effect of a disease virulent / virυlənt/ adjective 1 referring to the ability of a microorganism to cause a disease ć an unusually virulent strain of the virus 2 referring to a disease which develops rapidly and has strong effects virus / vairəs/ noun a parasite consisting of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein... noun same as trachea wiring / waiəriŋ/ noun 1 a network of wires 2 windpipe wiring a neurological or physiological structure or process which controls a function in the body 3 the act of fixing a piece of bone in place using wires wisdom tooth / wizdəm tu θ/ noun one of the four teeth in the back of the jaw which only appear at about the age of 20 and sometimes do not appear at all Also called third... visual acuity | visual cortex visual field field of vision visualisation visualisation / vi uəlai zeiʃ(ə)n/, visualization noun 1 a technique in which an image of an internal organ or other part of the body is produced by using X-rays or other means such as magnetic resonance imaging 2 a technique in which someone creates a strongly positive mental picture of something such as the way in which they would... amount of air which a person can exhale at one time vital organs / vait(ə)l ɔ ənz/ plural noun the most important organs in the body, without which a human being cannot live, e.g the heart, lungs and brain vital signs / vait(ə)l sainz/ plural noun measurements of pulse, breathing and temperature vital statistics / vait(ə)l stə tistiks/ plural noun a set of official statistics relating to the population of. .. noun the soft tissue between the bases of the fingers and toes Wechsler scales / vekslə skeilz/ plural noun a set of standardised scales for measuring someone’s IQ There are three separate versions developed for different age groups wee /wi / verb same as urinate (informal) weep /wi p/ verb 1 to cry 2 (of a wound) to ooze fluid Wegener’s granulomatosis / ve ənəz r njυləυmə təυsis/ noun a disease of connective . noun inflammation of any part of the uvea UVR UVR abbreviation ultraviolet radiation uvula uvula /juvjυlə/ noun a piece of soft tissue which hangs down from the back of the soft palate uvular uvular. first vertigo vertigo /vtəυ/ noun 1. feelings of dizziness or giddiness caused by a malfunction of the sense of balance 2. a fear of heights, as a result of a sen- sation of dizziness which is felt when high. photograph of a patient ć There are six patients waiting to be X-rayed. X-ray imaging X-ray imaging /eks re mdŋ/ noun the process of showing X-ray pictures of the inside of part of the body