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convoluted 66 convoluted convoluted /kɒnvəlutd/ adjective folded and twisted convolution convolution /kɒnvə | luʃ(ə)n/ noun a twisted shape ć the convolutions of the surface of the cer- ebrum convulsion convulsion /kən | vlʃən/ noun the rapid invol- untary contracting and relaxing of the muscles in several parts of the body ć The child had convul- sions. ı fit (NOTE: Often used in the plural.) Cooley’s anaemia Cooley’s anaemia /kuliz ə | nimiə/ noun same as thalassaemia [Described 1927. After Thomas Benton Cooley (1871–1945), Professor of Paediatrics at Wayne College of Medicine, Detroit, USA.] Coombs’ test Coombs’ test /kumz test/ noun a test for antibodies in red blood cells, used as a test for erythroblastosis fetalis and other haemolytic syn- dromes [Described 1945. After Robin Royston Amos Coombs (1921–2006), Quick Professor of Biology, and Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, UK] coordination coordination /kəυ | ɔd | neʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. the combining of two or more things as an effective unit, or the way things combine effectively ć requires coordination between nursing staff and doctors 2. the ability to use two or more parts of the body at the same time to carry out a movement or task ć The patient showed lack of coordination between eyes and hands. COPD COPD abbreviation chronic obstructive pulmo- nary disease coping mechanism coping mechanism /kəυpŋ mekənz(ə)m/ noun a method of dealing with situations which cause psychological stress copper copper /kɒpə/ noun a metallic trace element (NOTE: The chemical symbol is Cu.) copr- copr- /kɒpr/ prefix faeces coprolith coprolith /kɒprəlθ/ noun a lump of hard fae- ces in the bowel cor cor /kɔ/ noun the heart coraco-acromial coraco-acromial /kɒrəkəυ ə | krəυmiəl/ adjective referring to the coracoid process and the acromion coracoid process coracoid process /kɒrəkɔd prəυses/ noun a projecting part on the shoulder blade cord cord /kɔd/ noun a long flexible structure in the body like a thread cordectomy cordectomy /kɔ | dektəmi/ noun a surgical operation to remove a vocal cord (NOTE: The plu- ral is cordectomies.) cordotomy cordotomy /kɔ | dɒtəmi/ noun another spelling of chordotomy corium corium /kɔriəm/ noun same as dermis corn corn /kɔn/ noun a hard painful lump of skin usually on a foot, where something such as a tight shoe has rubbed or pressed on the skin. Also called heloma cornea cornea /kɔniə/ noun a transparent part of the front of the eyeball. See illustration at EYE in Sup- plement (NOTE: The plural is corneae. For other terms referring to the cornea, see words begin- ning with kerat-, kerato ) corneal corneal /kɔniəl/ adjective relating to a cornea corneal graft corneal graft /kɔniəl rɑft/ noun 1. a sur- gical operation to graft corneal tissue from a donor or from a dead person to replace diseased tissue. Also called corneal transplant, kerato- plasty 2. a piece of corneal tissue used in a graft corneal reflex corneal reflex /kɔniəl rifleks/ noun a reflex from touching or hitting the cornea which makes the eyelid close corneal transplant corneal transplant /kɔniəl trnsplɑnt/ noun same as corneal graft cornification cornification /kɔnf | keʃ(ə)n/ noun same as keratinisation cornu cornu /kɔnju/ noun a structure in the body which is shaped like a horn corona corona /kə | rəυnə/ noun a structure in the body which is shaped like a crown coronal coronal /kɒrən(ə)l, kə | rəυn(ə)l/ adjective referring to a corona coronal plane coronal plane /kɒrən(ə)l plen/ noun a plane at right angles to the median plane, dividing the body into dorsal and ventral halves. See illustra- tion at ANATOMICAL TERMS in Supplement coronal suture coronal suture /kɒrən(ə)l sutʃə/ noun a horizontal joint across the top of the skull between the parietal and frontal bones coronary coronary /kɒrən(ə)ri/ noun same as coronary thrombosis (informal) í adjective referring to any structure shaped like a crown, but especially to the arteries which supply blood to the heart muscles coronary artery coronary artery /kɒrən(ə)ri ɑtəri/ noun one of the two arteries which supply blood to the heart muscles coronary artery bypass graft coronary artery bypass graft /kɒrən(ə)ri ɑtəri bapɑs rɑft /, coronary artery bypass / kɒrən(ə)ri ɑtəri bapɑs/ noun a surgical operation to treat angina by grafting pieces of vein around the diseased part of a coro- nary artery coronary care unit coronary care unit /kɒrən(ə)ri keə junt/ noun the section of a hospital caring for people who have heart disorders or who have had heart surgery. Abbreviation CCU coronary heart disease coronary heart disease /kɒrən(ə)ri hɑt d | ziz/ noun any disease affecting the coronary arteries, which can lead to strain on the heart or a heart attack. Abbreviation CHD coronary sinus coronary sinus /kɒrən(ə)ri sanəs/ noun a vein which takes most of the venous blood from the heart muscles to the right atrium coronary thrombosis coronary thrombosis /kɒrən(ə)ri θrɒm | bəυss/ noun a blood clot which blocks the cor- Nursing.fm Page 66 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 67 counselling onary arteries, leading to a heart attack. Also called coronary coronavirus coronavirus /kə | rəυnə | varəs/ noun a type of virus which has been identified in people who have the common cold coroner coroner /kɒrənə/ noun a public official, either a doctor or a lawyer, who investigates sudden or violent deaths coronoid process coronoid process /kɒrənɔd prəυses/ noun a projecting piece of bone on the ulna corpora corpora plural of corpus corpse corpse /kɔps/ noun the body of a dead person corpus corpus /kɔpəs/ noun any mass of tissue (NOTE: The plural is corpora.) corpus callosum corpus callosum /kɔpəs kə | ləυsəm/ noun the thick band of nerve fibres that connects the two hemispheres of the brain and allows them to communicate. See illustration at BRAIN in Sup- plement (NOTE: The plural is corpora callosa.) corpus cavernosum corpus cavernosum /kɔpəs kvə | nəυsəm/ noun a part of the erectile tissue in the penis and clitoris. See illustration at UROGENITAL SYSTEM (MALE) in Supplement (NOTE: The plural is corpora cavernosa.) corpuscle corpuscle /kɔps(ə)l/ noun 1. a small round mass 2. a cell in blood or lymph corpus luteum corpus luteum /kɔpəs lutiəm/ noun a body which forms in each ovary after a Graafian folli- cle has ruptured. The corpus luteum secretes the hormone progesterone to prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilised ovum. (NOTE: The plural is corpora lutea.) corpus spongiosum corpus spongiosum /kɔpəs spn | əυsəm/ noun the part of the penis round the ure- thra, forming the glans. See illustration at URO- GENITAL SYSTEM (MALE) in Supplement (NOTE: The plural is corpora spongiosa.) corrective corrective /kə | rektv/ adjective intended to correct an irregularity or problem ć corrective lenses í noun a drug which changes the harmful effect of another drug Corrigan’s pulse Corrigan’s pulse /kɒrənz pls/ noun a condition occurring in the arterial pulse in the neck in which there is a visible rise in pressure followed by a sudden collapse, caused by aortic regurgitation. Also called water-hammer pulse corrugator muscle corrugator muscle /kɒrəetə ms(ə)l/ noun one of the muscles which produce vertical wrinkles on the forehead when someone frowns cortex cortex /kɔteks/ noun the outer layer of an organ, as opposed to the soft inner medulla (NOTE: The plural is cortices or cortexes.) Corti Corti /kɔti/ organ of Corti cortical mastoidectomy cortical mastoidectomy /kɔtk(ə)l mstɔ | dektəmi/ noun same as atticotomy cortices cortices plural of cortex corticospinal corticospinal /kɔtkəυ | span(ə)l/ adjective referring to both the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord corticosteroid corticosteroid /kɔtkəυ | stərɔd/ noun 1. any steroid hormone produced by the cortex of the adrenal glands 2. a drug which reduces inflamma- tion, used in asthma, gastro-intestinal disease and in adrenocortical insufficiency corticotrophin corticotrophin /kɔtkəυ | trəυfn/ noun same as adrenocorticotrophic hormone cortisol cortisol /kɔtsɒl/ noun same as hydrocorti- sone cortisone cortisone /kɔtzəυn/ noun a hormone secreted in small quantities by the adrenal cortex ć The doctor gave her a cortisone injection in the ankle. Corynebacterium Corynebacterium /kəυ | ranibk | təriəm/ noun a genus of bacteria which includes the bac- terium which causes diphtheria coryza coryza /kə | razə/ noun an illness, with inflam- mation of the nasal passages, in which someone sneezes and coughs and has a blocked and run- ning nose (technical) Also called cold, common cold cosmetic surgery cosmetic surgery /kɒz | metk sdəri/ noun a surgical operation to improve a person’s appearance cost- cost- /kɒst/ prefix same as costo- (used before vowels) costal costal /kɒst(ə)l/ adjective referring to the ribs costive costive /kɒstv/ noun a drug which causes constipation costo- costo- /kɒstəυ/ prefix referring to the ribs cot death cot death /kɒt deθ/ noun sudden infant death syndrome co-trimoxazole co-trimoxazole /kəυ tra | mɒksəzəυl/ noun a drug used to combat bacteria in the urinary tract cotyledon cotyledon /kɒt | lid(ə)n/ noun one of the divi- sions of a placenta cotyloid cavity cotyloid cavity /kɒtlɔd kvti/ noun same as acetabulum couching couching /kaυtʃŋ/ noun a surgical operation to displace the opaque lens of an eye as a treat- ment for cataracts cough cough /kɒf/ noun a reflex action, caused by irri- tation in the throat, when the glottis is opened and air is sent out of the lungs suddenly í an infection that causes coughing ć She has a bad cough and cannot make the speech. í verb to send air out of the lungs suddenly because the throat is irritated ć The smoke made him cough. ć She has a cold and keeps on coughing and sneezing. cough medicine cough medicine /kɒf med(ə)sn/, cough linctus / kɒf lŋktəs/, cough mixture /kɒf mkstʃə/ noun a liquid taken to soothe the irrita- tion which causes a cough counselling counselling /kaυnsəlŋ/ noun a method of treating especially psychiatric disorders in which Nursing.fm Page 67 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM counterextension 68 a specialist talks with a person about his or her condition and how to deal with it counterextension counterextension /kaυntərk | stenʃən/ noun an orthopaedic treatment in which the upper part of a limb is kept fixed and traction is applied to the lower part of it counterirritant counterirritant /kaυntər | rt(ə)nt/ noun a substance which alleviates the pain in an internal organ by irritating an area of skin whose sensory nerves are close to those of the organ in the spinal cord coupling coupling /kplŋ/ noun 1. an act of joining together or linking two people, things or proc- esses 2. something which joins two things, espe- cially a device for connecting two pieces of pipe, hose or tube couvade couvade /ku | vɑd/ noun an act of copying the actions of having a baby while a woman is actu- ally giving birth, done by the father in some Native South American societies Cowper’s glands Cowper’s glands /kupəz lndz/ plural noun two glands at the base of the penis which secrete into the urethra. Also called bulboure- thral glands [Described 1700. After William Cowper (1666–1709), English surgeon.] cowpox cowpox /kaυpɒks/ noun an infectious viral disease of cattle which can be transmitted to humans. It was used as a constituent of the first vaccines for smallpox. cox- cox- /kɒks/ prefix the hip joint coxa coxa /kɒksə/ noun the hip joint (NOTE: The plu- ral is coxae.) coxalgia coxalgia /kɒk | sldə/ noun pain in the hip joint coxa vara coxa vara /kɒksə veərə/ noun an unusual development of the hip bone, making the legs bow Coxsackie virus Coxsackie virus /kɒk | ski varəs/ noun one of a group of enteroviruses which enter the cells of the intestines and can cause diseases such as aseptic meningitis and Bornholm disease [After Coxsackie, New York, where the virus was first identified.] CPAP CPAP abbreviation continuous positive airways pressure CPN CPN abbreviation community psychiatric nurse CPR CPR abbreviation cardiopulmonary resuscita- tion crab crab /krb/, crab louse /krb laυs/ noun a louse, Phthirius pubis, which infests the pubic region and other parts of the body with coarse hair. Also called pubic louse crack crack /krk/ noun a thin break ć There’s a crack in one of the bones in the skull. í verb to make a thin break in something, or become split ć She cracked a bone in her leg. cradle cradle /kred(ə)l/ noun a metal frame put over a person in bed to keep the weight of the bed- clothes off the body í verb to carry a child with one arm under the thigh and the other under the upper back cradle cap cradle cap /kred(ə)l kp/ noun a yellow deposit on the scalp of babies, caused by sebor- rhoea cramp cramp /krmp/ noun a painful involuntary spasm in the muscles, in which the muscle may stay contracted for some time crani- crani- /kreni/ prefix same as cranio- (used before vowels) crania crania plural of cranium cranial cranial /kreniəl/ adjective referring to the skull cranio- cranio- /kreniəυ/ prefix the skull craniometry craniometry /kreni | ɒmtri/ noun the process of measuring skulls to find differences in size and shape craniopharyngioma craniopharyngioma /kreniəυfə | rndi | əυmə/ noun a tumour in the brain originating in the hypophyseal duct (NOTE: The plural is crani- opharyngiomas or craniopharyngiomata.) craniostenosis craniostenosis /kreniəυste | nəυss/, crani- osynostosis / kreniəυ | snəυ | stəυss/ noun the early closing of the bones in a baby’s skull, so making the skull contract craniotabes craniotabes /kreniəυ | tebiz/ noun thinness of the bones in the occipital region of a child’s skull, caused by rickets, marasmus or syphilis craniotomy craniotomy /kreni | ɒtəmi/ noun a surgical operation on the skull, especially one cutting away part of the skull (NOTE: The plural is crani- otomies.) cranium cranium /kreniəm/ noun same as skull ( NOTE: The plural is craniums or crania.) CRB check CRB check /si ɑ bi tʃek/ noun a check with the Criminal Records Bureau to establish whether a candidate has any convictions that disallow him or her from working with children or other vul- nerable members of society. Also called disclo- sure check creatine creatine /kritin/ noun a compound of nitro- gen found in the muscles, produced by protein metabolism and excreted as creatinine creatinine creatinine /kri | tənin/ noun a substance which is the form in which creatine is excreted creatinuria creatinuria /kri | t | njυəriə/ noun excess crea- tine in the urine creatorrhoea creatorrhoea /kriətə | riə/ noun the presence of undigested muscle fibre in the faeces, occur- ring in some pancreatic diseases Credé’s method Credé’s method /kre | dez meθəd/ noun 1. a method of extracting a placenta by massaging the uterus through the abdomen 2. the putting of sil- ver nitrate solution into the eyes of a baby born to a mother who has gonorrhoea, in order to prevent gonococcal conjunctivitis [Described 1860. After Karl Sigmund Franz Credé (1819–92), German gynaecologist.] Nursing.fm Page 68 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 69 crura creeping eruption creeping eruption /kripŋ | rpʃən/ noun an itching skin complaint, caused by larvae of various parasites which creep under the skin crepitation crepitation /krep | teʃ(ə)n/ noun an unusual soft crackling sound heard in the lungs through a stethoscope. Also called rale crepitus crepitus /kreptəs/ noun a harsh crackling sound heard through a stethoscope in a person with inflammation of the lungs crest crest /krest/ noun a long raised part on a bone crest of ilium crest of ilium /krest əv liəm/ noun same as iliac crest Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease /krɔtsfelt jkɒb d | ziz/ noun a disease of the nervous system caused by a slow-acting prion which even- tually affects the brain. It may be linked to BSE in cows. Abbreviation CJD. ı variant CJD [Described 1920 by H.G. Creutzfeldt (1885– 1964); 1921 by A.M. Jakob (1884–1931), Ger- man psychiatrists] cribriform cribriform /krbrfɔm/ adjective having small holes like a sieve cribriform plate cribriform plate /krbrfɔm plet/ noun the top part of the ethmoid bone which forms the roof of the nasal cavity and part of the roof of the eye sockets cricoid cricoid /krakɔd/ adjective relating to the low- est part of the cartilage of the larynx cricoid cartilage cricoid cartilage /krakɔd kɑtəld/ noun ring-shaped cartilage in the lower part of the lar- ynx. See illustration at LUNGS in Supplement cri-du-chat syndrome cri-du-chat syndrome /kri dju ʃɑ sndrəυm/ noun a congenital condition, caused by loss of part of chromosome 5, which is charac- terised in babies by a cry suggestive of that of a cat Crigler-Najjar syndrome Crigler-Najjar syndrome /krlə ndɑ sndrəυm/ noun a genetically controlled condi- tion in which bilirubin cannot be formed, leading to jaundice or even brain damage crista crista /krstə/ noun 1. a ridge, e.g. the border of a bone 2. a fold in the inner membrane of a mitro- chondrion (NOTE: The plural is cristae.) crista galli crista galli /krstə la/ noun a projection from the ethmoid bone criterion criterion /kra | təriən/ noun an accepted stand- ard used in making a decision or judgment about something (NOTE: The plural is criteria.) critical care critical care /krtk(ə)l keə/ noun specialist nursing and medical treatment given to patients who are critically ill critical list critical list /krtk(ə)l lst/ noun the list of patients in a hospital whose condition is medi- cally life-threatening CRNA CRNA abbreviation certified registered nurse anaesthetist Crohn’s disease Crohn’s disease /krəυnz d | ziz/ noun a per- sistent inflammatory disease, usually of the lower intestinal tract, characterised by thickening and scarring of the intestinal wall and obstruction [Described 1932. After Burrill Bernard Crohn (1884–1983), New York physician.] COMMENT: No certain cause has been found for Crohn’s disease, where only one section of the intestine becomes inflamed and can be blocked. cromolyn sodium cromolyn sodium /krəυməln səυdiəm/ noun a drug that helps to prevent the release of histamine and other substances which cause many of the symptoms of asthma and hay fever cross-dresser cross-dresser /krɒs dresə/ noun someone who wears clothes usually worn by people of the opposite sex, e.g. a transvestite cross-dressing cross-dressing /krɒs dresŋ/ noun the prac- tice of wearing clothes usually worn by people of the opposite sex, e.g. by transvestites cross-infection cross-infection /krɒs n | fekʃən/ noun an infection passed from one patient to another in hospital, either directly or from nurses, visitors or equipment crossmatch crossmatch /krɒs | mtʃ/ verb (in transplant surgery) to match a donor to a recipient as closely as possible to avoid tissue rejection. ı blood group crossmatching crossmatching /krɒs | mtʃŋ/ noun the proc- ess of matching a transplant donor to a recipient as closely as possible to avoid tissue rejection cross-resistance cross-resistance /krɒs r | zstəns/ noun the development by a disease agent of resistance to a number of similar drugs or chemicals of the same class crotamiton crotamiton /krə | tmt(ə)n/ noun a chemical that kills mites, used to treat scabies crotch crotch /krɒtʃ/ noun the point where the legs meet the body, where the genitals are. Also called crutch croup croup /krup/ noun acute infection of the upper respiratory passages which blocks the larynx, affecting children crown crown /kraυn/ noun the top part of a tooth above the level of the gums í verb to put an artificial crown on a tooth crowning crowning /kraυnŋ/ noun 1. the act of putting an artificial crown on a tooth 2. a stage in child- birth in which the top of the baby’s head becomes visible cruciate cruciate /kruʃiət/ adjective shaped like a cross cruciate ligament cruciate ligament /kruʃiət ləmənt/ noun any ligament shaped like a cross, especially either of two ligaments behind the knee which prevent the knee from bending forwards crude death rate crude death rate /krud deθ ret/ noun the number of deaths in a year, divided by the total population crura crura plural of crus Nursing.fm Page 69 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM crural 70 crural crural /krυərəl/ adjective referring to the thigh, leg or shin crura of the diaphragm crura of the diaphragm /krυərə əv ðə daəfrəm/ plural noun the long muscle fibres joining the diaphragm to the lumbar vertebrae crus crus /krs/ noun a long projecting part (NOTE: The plural is crura.) crus cerebri crus cerebri /krs serbra/ noun each of the nerve tracts between the cerebrum and the medulla oblongata (NOTE: The plural is crura cerebri.) crush fracture crush fracture /krʃ frktʃə/ noun a frac- ture by compression of the bone crush syndrome crush syndrome /krʃ sndrəυm/ noun a condition in which a limb has been crushed, as in an accident, causing kidney failure and shock crutch crutch /krtʃ/ noun 1. a strong support for someone with an injured leg, formed of a stick with a T-bar which fits under the armpit, espe- cially formerly, or a holding bar and elbow clasp 2. same as crotch cry- cry- /kra/ prefix same as cryo- (used before vowels) cryaesthesia cryaesthesia /krais | θiziə/ noun the fact of being sensitive to cold cryo- cryo- /kraəυ/ prefix cold cryobank cryobank /kraəυbŋk/ noun a place where biological material such as semen and body tissue can be stored at extremely low temperatures cryoprecipitate cryoprecipitate /kraəυpr | sptət/ noun a precipitate such as from blood plasma, which sep- arates out on freezing and thawing cryoprobe cryoprobe /kraəυprəυb/ noun an instrument used in cryosurgery with a tip that is kept very cold to destroy tissue cryosurgery cryosurgery /kraəυ | sdəri/ noun surgery which uses extremely cold instruments to destroy tissue cryotherapy cryotherapy /kraəυ | θerəpi/ noun treatment using extreme cold, as in removing a wart with dry ice crypt crypt /krpt/ noun a small cavity in the body crypto- crypto- /krptəυ/ prefix hidden cryptococcal meningitis cryptococcal meningitis /krptəkɒk(ə)l menn | dats/ noun a form of meningitis that is a feature of cryptococcosis cryptococcosis cryptococcosis /krptəυkə | kəυss/ noun an infection mainly affecting the brain or nervous system, caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neo- formans. It occurs most often in people with HIV infection. cryptomenorrhoea cryptomenorrhoea /krptəυmenə | riə/ noun the retention of menstrual flow, usually caused by an obstruction cryptorchidism cryptorchidism /krp | tɔkdz(ə)m/, cryp- torchism / krp | tɔkz(ə)m/ noun a condition in a young male in which the testicles do not move down into the scrotum cryptosporidia cryptosporidia /krptəυspə | rdiə/ plural of cryptosporidium cryptosporidiosis cryptosporidiosis /krptəυspə | rdi | əυss/ noun an infectious condition of humans and domestic animals, spread by an intestinal parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. Its symptoms are fever, diarrhoea and stomach cramps. cryptosporidium cryptosporidium /krptəυspə | rdiəm/ noun a parasite which contaminates drinking water supplies, causing intestinal infection (NOTE: The plural is cryptosporidia.) crypts of Lieberkühn crypts of Lieberkühn /krpts əv libəkun/ plural noun tubular glands found in the mucous membrane of the small and large intestine, espe- cially those between the bases of the villi in the small intestine. Also called Lieberkühn’s glands [Described 1745. After Johann Nathan- iel Lieberkuhn (1711–56), Berlin anatomist and physician.] CSF CSF abbreviation cerebrospinal fluid CT CT abbreviation computed tomography CT scan CT scan /si ti skn/ noun a computer pic- ture of a slice of the body or an organ produced by a CT scanner. Also called CAT scan cubital cubital /kjubt(ə)l/ adjective referring to the ulna cubitus cubitus /kjubtəs/ noun same as ulna cuboid cuboid /kjubɔd/, cuboid bone /kjubɔd bəυn/ noun one of the tarsal bones in the foot. See illustration at FOOT in Supplement cuff cuff /kf/ noun an inflatable ring put round the arm and inflated when blood pressure is being measured cuirass respirator cuirass respirator /kw | rs respretə/ noun a type of artificial respirator which sur- rounds only the chest culdoscope culdoscope /kldəυskəυp/ noun an instru- ment used to inspect the interior of a woman’s pelvis, introduced through the vagina culdoscopy culdoscopy /kl | dɒskəpi/ noun an examina- tion of the interior of a woman’s pelvis using a culdoscope culture culture /kltʃə/ noun 1. the shared values and behaviour of a group 2. microoorganisms or tis- sues grown in a culture medium in a laboratory í verb to grow microorganisms or tissues in a cul- ture medium cumulative cumulative /kjumjυlətv/ adjective growing by adding cuneiform cuneiform /kjunfɔm bəυnz/, cuneiform bone / kjunfɔmz/ noun one of the three tarsal bones in the foot. See illustration at FOOT in Sup- plement cupola cupola /kjupələ/ noun a dome-shaped struc- ture curare curare /kjυ | rɑri/ noun a drug derived from South American plants, antagonist to acetylcho- line and used surgically to paralyse muscles dur- Nursing.fm Page 70 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 71 cyclotomy ing operations without causing unconsciousness (NOTE: Curare is the poison used to make poi- son arrows.) curettage curettage /kjυə | retd/ noun the procedure of scraping the inside of a hollow organ, often the uterus, to remove a growth or tissue for examina- tion. Also called curettement curette curette /kjυə | ret/ noun a surgical instrument like a long thin spoon, used for scraping the inside of an organ í verb to scrape an organ with a curette (NOTE: curettes – curetting – curetted.) curettement curettement /kjυə | retmənt/ same as curet- tage curie curie /kjυəri/ noun a former unit of measure- ment of radioactivity, replaced by the becquerel. Symbol Ci Curling’s ulcer Curling’s ulcer /klŋz lsə/ noun an ulcer of the duodenum following severe injury to the body curvature curvature /kvətʃə/ noun the way in which something bends from a straight line ć greater or lesser curvature of the stomach cushingoid cushingoid /kυʃŋɔd/ adjective showing symptoms of Cushing’s disease Cushing’s disease Cushing’s disease /kυʃŋz d | ziz/, Cush- ing’s syndrome / kυʃŋz sndrəυm/ noun a condition in which the adrenal cortex produces too many corticosteroids [Described 1932. After Harvey Williams Cushing (1869–1939), sur- geon, Boston, USA.] cusp cusp /ksp/ noun 1. the pointed tip of a tooth 2. a flap of membrane forming a valve in the heart cuspid cuspid /kspd/ noun same as canine cut cut /kt/ noun 1. a reduction in the number or amount of something 2. a place where the skin has been penetrated by a sharp instrument ć She had a bad cut on her left leg. ć The nurse will put a bandage on your cut. í verb 1. to make an opening in something using a knife, scissors or other sharp thing ć The surgeon cut the diseased tissue away with a scalpel. ć She cut her finger on the broken glass. 2. to reduce the number or amount of something ć Accidents have been cut by 10%. (NOTE: cutting – cut) cut- cut- /kjut/ prefix referring to the skin cutaneous cutaneous /kju | teniəs/ adjective referring to the skin cutaneous leishmaniasis cutaneous leishmaniasis /kju | teniəs liʃmə | naəss/ noun a form of skin disease caused by the tropical parasite Leishmania. Also called Delhi boil cutdown cutdown /ktdaυn/ noun the procedure of cut- ting a vein to insert a cannula or administer an intravenous drug cuticle cuticle /kjutk(ə)l/ noun same as epidermis cutis cutis /kjuts/ noun the skin cutis anserina cutis anserina /kjuts nseranə/ noun a reaction of the skin when someone is cold or frightened, the skin being raised into many little bumps by the action of the arrector pili muscles. Also called goose bumps CVA CVA abbreviation cerebrovascular accident cyan- cyan- /saən/ prefix same as cyano- (used before vowels) cyanide cyanide /saənad/ noun a poison which kills very rapidly when drunk or inhaled cyano- cyano- /saənəυ/ prefix blue cyanocobalamin cyanocobalamin /saənəυkəυ | bləmn/ same as Vitamin B 12 cyanosed cyanosed /saənəυst/ adjective with blue skin ć The patient was cyanosed round the lips. cyanosis cyanosis /saə | nəυss/ noun a condition char- acterised by a blue colour of the peripheral skin and mucous membranes, a symptom of lack of oxygen in the blood, e.g. in heart or lung disease cyanotic cyanotic /saə | nɒtk/ adjective referring to or having cyanosis cycle cycle /sak(ə)l/ noun a series of events which recur regularly cyclic cyclic /sklk, saklk/ adjective 1. occurring or repeated in cycles 2. referring to organic com- pounds composed of a closed ring of atoms cyclical cyclical /sklk(ə)l/ adjective referring to cycles -cycline -cycline /sakln/ suffix used in names of antibi- otics ć tetracycline cyclitis cyclitis /s | klats/ noun inflammation of the ciliary body in the eye cyclo- cyclo- /sakləυ/ prefix cycles cyclodialysis cyclodialysis /sakləυda | ləss/ noun a sur- gical operation to connect the anterior chamber of the eye and the choroid, as a treatment of glau- coma cyclopentolate cyclopentolate /sakləυ | pentəlet/ noun a drug used to paralyse the ciliary muscle cyclophosphamide cyclophosphamide /sakləυ | fɒsfəmad/ noun a drug which suppresses immunity, used in the treatment of leukaemia, lymphoma, Hodg- kin’s disease and tumours cycloplegia cycloplegia /sakləυ | plidə/ noun paralysis of the ciliary muscle which makes it impossible for the eye to focus properly cyclopropane cyclopropane /sakləυ | prəυpen/ noun a flammable hydrocarbon gas used as a general anaesthetic and in organic synthesis cyclothymia cyclothymia /sakləυ | θamiə/ noun a mild form of bipolar disorder in which the person experiences alternating depression and excite- ment cyclotomy cyclotomy /sa | klɒtəmi/ noun a surgical oper- ation to make a cut in the ciliary body (NOTE: The plural is cyclotomies.) Nursing.fm Page 71 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM -cyclovir 72 -cyclovir -cyclovir /sakləυvə/ suffix used in the names of antiviral drugs cyesis cyesis /sa | iss/ noun same as pregnancy (technical) cyst cyst /sst/ noun an unusual growth in the body shaped like a pouch, containing liquid or semi- liquid substances cyst- cyst- /sst/ prefix the bladder cystadenoma cystadenoma /sstəd | nəυmə/ noun an ade- noma in which fluid-filled cysts form (NOTE: The plural is cystadonomas or cystadonomata.) cystalgia cystalgia /s | stldə/ noun pain in the urinary bladder cystectomy cystectomy /s | stektəmi/ noun a surgical operation to remove all or part of the urinary blad- der (NOTE: The plural is cystectomies.) cystic cystic /sstk/ adjective 1. referring to cysts 2. referring to a bladder cysticercosis cysticercosis /ssts | kəυss/ noun a dis- ease caused by infestation of tapeworm larvae from pork cystic fibrosis cystic fibrosis /sstk fa | brəυss/ noun a hereditary disease in which there is malfunction of the exocrine glands such as the pancreas, in particular those which secrete mucus, causing respiratory difficulties, male infertility and mal- absorption of food from the gastrointestinal tract. Also called fibrocystic disease, mucoviscido- sis cystine cystine /sstin/ noun an amino acid. It can cause stones to form in the urinary system of peo- ple who have a rare inherited metabolic disorder. cystinosis cystinosis /sst | nəυss/ noun a disorder affecting the absorption of amino acids, resulting in excessive amounts of cystine accumulating in the kidneys cystinuria cystinuria /sst | njυəriə/ noun cystine in the urine cystitis cystitis /s | stats/ noun inflammation of the urinary bladder, which makes someone pass water often and with a burning sensation cystocele cystocele /sstəsil/ noun a hernia of the uri- nary bladder into the vagina cystogram cystogram /sstərm/ noun an X-ray photo- graph of the urinary bladder cystography cystography /s | stɒrəfi/ noun an examina- tion of the urinary bladder by X-rays after radio- opaque dye has been introduced cystolithiasis cystolithiasis /sstəl | θaəss/ noun a condi- tion in which stones are formed in the urinary bladder cystometer cystometer /s | stɒmtə/ noun an apparatus which measures the pressure in the bladder cystometry cystometry /s | stɒmtri/ noun measurement of the pressure in the bladder cystopexy cystopexy /s | stɒpeksi/ noun a surgical opera- tion to fix the bladder in a different position. Also called vesicofixation (NOTE: The plural is cyst- opexies.) cystoplasty cystoplasty /sstə | plsti/ noun a surgical operation on the bladder (NOTE: The plural is cystoplasties.) cystoscope cystoscope /sstəskəυp/ noun an instrument made of a long tube with a light at the end, used to inspect the inside of the bladder cystoscopy cystoscopy /s | stɒskəpi/ noun an examination of the bladder using a cystoscope (NOTE: The plu- ral is cystoscopies.) cystostomy cystostomy /s | stɒstəmi/, cystotomy /s | stɒtəmi/ noun a surgical operation to make an opening between the bladder and the abdominal wall to allow urine to pass without going through the urethra. Also called vesicostomy (NOTE: The plurals are cystostomies and cystoto- mies.) cystourethrography cystourethrography /sstəυ | jυər | θrɒrəfi/ noun X-ray examination of the bladder and ure- thra cystourethroscope cystourethroscope /sstəυjυ | riθrəskəυp/ noun an instrument used to inspect the bladder and urethra cyt- cyt- /sat/ prefix same as cyto- (used before vowels) cyto- cyto- /satəυ/ prefix cell cytochemistry cytochemistry /satəυ | kemstri/ noun the study of the chemical activity of cells cytogenetics cytogenetics /satəυdə | netks/ noun a branch of genetics which studies the function of cells, especially chromosomes, in heredity cytokine cytokine /satəυkan/ noun a protein secreted by cells of the lymph system which is involved in controlling response to inflammation cytokinesis cytokinesis /satəυka | niss/ noun changes in the cytoplasm of a cell during division cytological smear cytological smear /satəlɒdk(ə)l smə/ noun a sample of tissue taken for examination under a microscope cytology cytology /sa | tɒlədi/ noun the study of the structure and function of cells cytolysis cytolysis /sa | tɒlss/ noun the breaking down of cells cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus /satəυ | meələυ | varəs/ noun one of the herpesviruses which can cause serious congenital disorders in a fetus if it infects the pregnant mother. Abbreviation CMV cytometer cytometer /sa | tɒmtə/ noun an instrument attached to a microscope, used for measuring and counting the number of cells in a specimen cytopenia cytopenia /satəυ | piniə/ noun a deficiency of cellular elements in blood or tissue cytoplasm cytoplasm /satəυplz(ə)m/ noun a sub- stance inside the cell membrane which surrounds the nucleus of a cell cytoplasmic cytoplasmic /satəυ | plzmk/ adjective referring to the cytoplasm of a cell Nursing.fm Page 72 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 73 cytotoxin cytosine cytosine /satəυsin/ noun one of the four basic chemicals in DNA cytosome cytosome /satəυsəυm/ noun the body of a cell, not including the nucleus cytotoxic cytotoxic /satəυ | tɒksk/ adjective 1. refer- ring to a drug or agent which prevents cell divi- sion 2. referring to cells in the immune system which destroy other cells cytotoxic drug cytotoxic drug /satəυtɒksk dr/ noun a drug which reduces the reproduction of cells, used to treat cancer cytotoxin cytotoxin /satəυ | tɒksn/ noun a substance which has a toxic effect on cells Nursing.fm Page 73 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM D d d symbol deci- da da symbol deca- da Costa’s syndrome da Costa’s syndrome /dɑ kɒstəz sndrəυm/ noun same as disordered action of the heart [Described 1871. After Jacob Mendes da Costa (1833–1900), Philadelphia surgeon, who described this condition in soldiers in the American Civil War.] dacryo- dacryo- /dkriəυ/ prefix tears dacryoadenitis dacryoadenitis /dkriəυd | nats/ noun inflammation of the lacrimal gland dacryocystitis dacryocystitis /dkriəυs | stats/ noun inflammation of the lacrimal sac when the tear duct, which drains into the nose, becomes blocked dacryocystography dacryocystography /dkriəυs | stɒrəfi/ noun contrast radiography to determine the site of an obstruction in the tear ducts dacryocystorhinostomy dacryocystorhinostomy /dkriəυ | sstəυra | nɒstəmi/ noun a surgical operation to bypass a blockage from the tear duct which takes tears into the nose. Abbreviation DCR (NOTE: The plural is dacryocystorhinostomies.) dacryolith dacryolith /dkriəυlθ/ noun a stone in the lacrimal sac dacryoma dacryoma /dkri | əυmə/ noun a benign swell- ing in one of the tear ducts (NOTE: The plural is dacryomas or dacryomata.) dactyl dactyl /dktl/ noun a finger or toe dactyl- dactyl- /dktl/ prefix same as dactylo- (used before vowels) dactylitis dactylitis /dkt | lats/ noun inflammation of the fingers or toes, caused by bone infection or rheumatic disease dactylo- dactylo- /dktləυ/ prefix referring to the fin- gers or toes dactylology dactylology /dkt | lɒlədi/ noun signs made with the fingers in place of words when talking to a person who is unable to hear, or when a person who is unable to hear or speak wants to commu- nicate dactylomegaly dactylomegaly /dktləυ | meəli/ noun a condition in which a person has longer fingers than usual DAH DAH abbreviation disordered action of the heart Daltonism Daltonism /dɔltənz(ə)m/ noun the common- est form of colour blindness, in which someone cannot see the difference between red and green. Also called protanopia [Described 1794. After John Dalton (1766–1844), English chemist and physician. Founder of the atomic theory, he him- self was colour-blind.] D & C D & C /di ən/ abbreviation dilatation and curet- tage dander dander /dndə/ noun very small fragments that fall from the feathers, hair or skin of animals or people dandruff dandruff /dndrəf/ noun pieces of dead skin from the scalp which fall out when the hair is combed. Also called pityriasis capitis, scurf D and V D and V /di ən vi/ abbreviation diarrhoea and vomiting Dandy-Walker syndrome Dandy-Walker syndrome /dndi wɔkə sndrəυm/ noun a congenital condition in which there is no Magendie’s foramen in the brain dark adaptation dark adaptation /dɑk dp | teʃ(ə)n/ noun the reflex changes which enable the eye to con- tinue to see in dim light. For example, the pupil becomes larger and the rods in the retina become more active than the cones. data data /detə/ plural noun information in words or figures about a particular subject, especially information which is available on computer (NOTE: In scientific usage, data is used with a plural verb: The data are accurate. In everyday language, data is often used with a singular verb: The recent data supports our case.) data bank data bank /detə bŋk/ noun a store of infor- mation in a computer ć The hospital keeps a data bank of information about possible kidney donors. database database /detəbes/ noun a structured collec- tion of information in a computer that can be automatically retrieved and manipulated Data Protection Act Data Protection Act /detə prə | tekʃ(ə)n kt/ noun a parliamentary act intended to pro- tect information about individuals that is held on computers. It ensures that all information is stored securely and allows people to have access to their entries. daughter daughter /dɔtə/ noun a female child of a par- ent ć They have two sons and one daughter. Nursing.fm Page 74 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 75 decimetre day blindness day blindness /de blandnəs/ noun same as hemeralopia day care day care /de keə/ noun supervised recreation or medical care provided during the day for peo- ple who need special help, e.g. some elderly peo- ple or small children day case day case /de kes/ noun same as day patient day case surgery day case surgery /de kes sdəri/ noun same as day surgery day centre day centre /de sentə/ noun a place providing day care day nursery day nursery /de ns(ə)ri/ noun a place where small children can be looked after during the daytime while their parents or guardians are at work day patient day patient /de peʃ(ə)nt/ noun a patient who is in hospital for treatment for a day and does not stay overnight. Also called day case day patient care day patient care /de peʃ(ə)nt keə/ noun care for patients who are resident in a hospital during the daytime only day recovery ward day recovery ward /de r | kv(ə)ri wɔd/ noun a ward where day patients who have had minor operations can recover before going home day surgery day surgery /de sdəri/ noun a surgical operation which does not require the patient to stay overnight in hospital. Also called day case surgery dB dB abbreviation decibel DCR DCR abbreviation dacryocystorhinostomy DDS DDS abbreviation US doctor of dental surgery DDT DDT abbreviation dichlorodiphenyltrichlo- roethane de- de- /di/ prefix removal or loss dead fingers dead fingers /ded fŋəz/, dead man’s fin- gers / ded mnz fŋəz/ noun same as Ray- naud’s disease dead space dead space /ded spes/ noun a breath in the last part of the process of breathing in air which does not get further than the bronchial tubes deaf deaf /def/ adjective not able to hear in circum- stances where most people would. ı hearing- impaired deaf and dumb deaf and dumb /def ən dm/ noun not able to hear or to speak (NOTE: This term is regarded as offensive.) deafness deafness /defnəs/ noun the fact of being una- ble to hear in circumstances where most people would deamination deamination /di | m | neʃ(ə)n/ noun the process by which amino acids are broken down in the liver and urea is formed death death /deθ/ noun the permanent end of all natu- ral functions death rate death rate /deθ ret/ noun the number of deaths per year per thousand of population ć The death rate from cancer of the liver has remained stable. debility debility /d | blti/ noun general weakness debridement debridement /d | bridmənt/ noun the removal of dirt or dead tissue from a wound to help healing deca- deca- /dekə/ prefix ten. Symbol da Decadron Decadron /dekədrɒn/ a trade name for dexam- ethasone decalcification decalcification /di | klsf | keʃ(ə)n/ noun the loss of calcium salts from teeth and bones decannulation decannulation /di | knjυ | leʃ(ə)n/ noun the removal of a tracheostomy tube decapitation decapitation /d | kp | teʃ(ə)n/ noun the act or process of cutting off the head of a person or animal decapsulation decapsulation /di | kpsjυ | leʃ(ə)n/ noun a surgical operation to remove a capsule from an organ, especially from a kidney decay decay /d | ke/ noun 1. the process by which tis- sues become rotten, caused by the action of microorganisms and oxygen 2. damage caused to tissue or a tooth by the action of microorganisms, especially bacteria í verb (of tissue) to rot ć The surgeon removed decayed matter from the wound. deci- deci- /desi/ prefix one tenth (10 -1 ) ć decigram Symbol d decibel decibel /desbel/ noun a unit of measurement of the loudness of sound, used to compare differ- ent levels of sound. Symbol dB decidua decidua /d | sdjuə/ noun a membrane which lines the uterus after fertilisation (NOTE: The plu- ral is deciduas or deciduae.) COMMENT: The decidua is divided into sever- al parts: the decidua basalis, where the em- bryo is attached, the decidua capsularis, which covers the embryo and the decidua vera which is the rest of the decidua not touching the embryo. It is expelled after the birth of the baby. decidual decidual /d | sdjuəl/ adjective referring to the decidua deciduoma deciduoma /d | sdju | əυmə/ noun a mass of decidual tissue remaining in the uterus after birth (NOTE: The plural is deciduomas or decidu- omata.) deciduous deciduous /d | sdjuəs/ adjective referring to teeth discarded at a later stage of development deciduous dentition deciduous dentition /d | sdjuəs den | tʃ(ə)n/ noun the set of twenty teeth which are gradually replaced by the permanent teeth as a child grows older deciduous tooth deciduous tooth /d | sdjuəs tuθ/ noun same as primary tooth decilitre decilitre /deslitə/ noun a unit of measure- ment of liquid equal to one tenth of a litre. Sym- bol dl (NOTE: The US spelling is deciliter.) decimetre decimetre /desmitə/ noun a unit of measure- ment of length equal to one tenth of a metre. Sym- bol dm (NOTE: The US spelling is decimeter.) Nursing.fm Page 75 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM [...]... miti/ noun an unusual shape of part of the body degeneration /di d enə reiʃ(ə)n/ noun a change in the structure of a cell or organ so that it no longer works properly degenerative disease /di d en(ə)rətiv di zi z/, degenerative disorder /di d en(ə)rətiv dis ɔ də/ noun a disease or disorder in which there is progressive loss of function of a part of the body, or in which a part of the body fails to repair... fibroids or other causes of thickening of the lining of the uterus endometriosis / endəυmi tri əυsis/ noun a condition affecting women, in which tissue similar to the tissue of the uterus is found in other parts of the body endometritis / endəυmi traitis/ noun inflammation of the lining of the uterus endometrium / endəυ mi triəm/ noun the mucous membrane lining the uterus, part of which is shed at each... extremities /ik stremətiz/ plural noun the extravert extremities | parts of the body at the ends of limbs, e.g the fingers, toes, nose and ears extremity /ik stremiti/ noun 1 a limb 2 the part of a limb farthest away from the body, especially the hand or foot 3 a situation or state of great distress or danger 4 the greatest intensity of something extrinsic /eks trinsik/ adjective external, originating... dermatosis | dermis dermo- dermoid Nursing. fm Page 79 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM 79 Descemet’s membrane Descemet’s membrane /deʃə mets membrein/ noun one of the deep layers of the cornea [Described 1785 After Jean Descemet | (1 732 –1810), French physician; Professor of Anatomy and Surgery in Paris.] descending aorta /di sendiŋ ei ɔ tə/ noun descending aorta | | the second section of the aorta, which turns... dextrose / dekstrəυz/ noun same as glucose DH abbreviation Department of Health DI abbreviation donor insemination di- /dai/ prefix two, double dia- /daiə/ prefix 1 through or throughout 2 across 3 in different or opposite directions 4 apart diabetes / daiə bi ti z/ noun 1 one of a group of diseases which cause the body to produce large amounts of urine ı gestational diabetes 2 same as diabetes mellitus... t/ noun a list of suggestions for quantities and types of food given to someone to follow differential / difə renʃəl/ adjective referring to a difference differential diagnosis / difə renʃ(ə)l daiə nəυsis/ noun the identification of one disease from a number of other similar diseases by comparing the range of symptoms of each differentiation / difərenʃi eiʃ(ə)n/ noun the development of specialised... examination of part of the body by feeling it with the fingers digitoxin / did i tɒksin/ noun an extract of foxglove leaves, used as a drug to stimulate the heart in cases of heart failure or irregular heartbeat | digestive tract | digit digitalin | | digitalise digital palpation | digitoxin | Nursing. fm Page 82 Monday, May 14, 2007 4:47 PM digoxin 82 digoxin digoxin /dai d ɒksin/ noun an extract of foxglove... paralysis of a similar part on both sides of the body, e.g paralysis of both arms Compare hemiplegia diplegic /dai pli d ik/ adjective referring to diplegia diplo- /dipləυ/ prefix double diploe / dipləυi / noun a layer of spongy bone tissue filled with red bone marrow, between the inner and outer layers of the skull diploid / diplɔid/ adjective referring to a cell where there are two copies of each chromosome,... something out of its usual place displacement /dis pleismənt/ noun the fact of being moved out of the usual position ć fracture of the radius together with displacement of the wrist disposition / dispə ziʃ(ə)n/ noun a person’s general character or tendency to act in a particular way dissect /dai sekt/ verb to cut and separate tissues in a body to examine them dissection /dai sekʃən/ noun the action of cutting... verb to cut and separate tissues in a body to examine them dissection /dai sekʃən/ noun the action of cutting and separating parts of a body or an organ as part of a surgical operation, an autopsy or a course of study disseminated /di semineitid/ adjective occurring in every part of an organ or in the whole body disseminated intravascular coagulation /di semineitid intrə v skυlə kəυ jυ leiʃ(ə)n/ noun . bone which forms the roof of the nasal cavity and part of the roof of the eye sockets cricoid cricoid /krakɔd/ adjective relating to the low- est part of the cartilage of the larynx cricoid. is progressive loss of function of a part of the body, or in which a part of the body fails to repair itself deglutition deglutition /dilu | tʃ(ə)n/ noun the action of passing food or liquid,. /di | ɒksirabəυnju | klek sd/ noun full form of DNA. RNA Department of Health Department of Health /d | pɑtmənt əv helθ/ noun in the UK, the government depart- ment in charge of health services. Abbreviation DH dependant dependant
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