essential english grammar in use int phần 8 pptx

3. She doesn't care the examination. She's not worried whether she passes or falls. 4. Please let me borrow your camera. I promise I'll take good care it. 5. 'Do you like this coat?' 'Not really. I don't care the colour.' 6. Don't worry about arranging our holiday. I'll take care that. 7. I want to have a good holiday. I don't care the cost. 8. I want to have a good holiday. I don't care how much it costs. 132.4 Complete the sentences with look for or look after. Use the correct form of look. 1. I _looked for_ my keys but I couldn't find them anywhere. 2. Kate is a job. I hope she finds one soon. 3. Who you when you were ill? 4. I'm Elizabeth. Have you seen her? 5. All the car parks were full, so we had to somewhere to park. 6. A baby-sitter is somebody who other people's children. @p266 UNIT 133 Verb + preposition (3) about and of Some verbs can be followed by about or of, usually with a difference of meaning: A. dream ABOUT : * I dreamt about you last night. (when I was asleep) dream OF being something/doing something (= imagine): * I often dream of being rich. * 'Don't tell anyone what I said.' 'No, I wouldn't dream of it.' (=I would never do it) B. hear ABOUT (= be told about something): * Did you hear about the fight in the club on Saturday night? hear OF (= know that somebody/something exists): * 'Who is Tom Madely?' 'I've no idea. I've never heard of him.' (not 'heard from him') Also: hear FROM (= receive a letter or phone call from somebody): * 'Have you heard from Jane recently?' 'Yes, I got a letter from her a few days ago.' C. think ABOUT and think OF When you think ABOUT something, you consider it, you concentrate your mind on it: * You look serious. What are you thinking about? * 'Will you lend me the money?' 'I'll think about it.' When you think OF something, the idea comes to your mind: * He told me his name but I can't think of it now. (not 'think about it') * That's a good idea. Why didn't I think of that? (not 'think about that') We also use think of when we ask or give an opinion: * 'What did you think of the film?' 'I didn't think much of it.' The difference is sometimes very small. Often you can use of or about: * When I'm alone, I often think of (or about) you. You can say 'think of or think about doing something' (for possible future actions): * My sister is thinking of (or about) going to Canada. (= she is considering it) D. remind somebody ABOUT (= tell somebody not to forget): * I'm glad you reminded me about the meeting. I had completely forgotten it. remind somebody OF (= cause somebody to remember): * This house reminds me of the one I lived in when I was a child. * Look at this photograph of Richard. Who does he remind you of? E. complain (TO somebody) ABOUT (= say that you are not satisfied): * We complained to the manager of the restaurant about the food. complain OF a pain, an illness etc. (= say that you have a pain etc.): * We called the doctor because George was complaining of a pain in his stomach. F. warn somebody OF/ABOUT a danger, something bad which might happen: * Everybody has been warned of/about the dangers of smoking. warn somebody ABOUT somebody/something which is dangerous, unusual etc.: * I knew he was a strange person. I had been warned about him. (not 'warned of him') * Vicky warned us about the traffic. She said it would be bad. @p267 EXERCISES 133.1 Put in the correct preposition. 1. Did you hear _about_ what happened at the party on Saturday? 2. '1 had a strange dream last night.' 'Did you? What did you dream ? 3. Our neighbours complained us the noise we made last night. 4. Ken was complaining pains in his chest, so he went to the doctor. 5. I love this music. It reminds me a warm day in spring. 6. He loves his job. He thinks his job all the time, he dreams it, he talks it and I'm fed up with hearing it. 7. I tried to remember the name of the book but I couldn't think it. 8. Janet warned me the water. She said it wasn't safe to drink. 9. We warned our children the dangers of playing in the street. 133.2 Complete the sentences using one of the following verbs (in the correct form) + the correct preposition: complain dream hear remind remind remind think think warn 1. That's a good idea. Why didn't I _think of_ that? 2. Bill is never satisfied. He is always something. 3. I can't make a decision yet. I need time to your proposal. 4. Before you go into the house, I must you the dog. He is very aggressive sometimes, so be careful. 5. She's not a well-known singer. Not many people have her. 6. A: You wouldn't go away without telling me, would you? B: Of course not. I wouldn't it. 7. I would have forgotten my appointment if Jane hadn't me it. 8. Do you see that man over there? Does he you anybody you know? 133.3 Complete the sentences using bear or heard + the correct preposition (about/of/from). 1. I've never _hear of_ Tom Madely. Who is he? 2. 'Did you the accident last night?' 'Yes, Vicky told me.' 3. Jill used to write to me quite often but I haven't her for ages now. 4. A: Have you a writer called William Hudson? B: No, I don't think so. What sort of writer is he? 5. Thank you for your letter. It was good to you again. 6. 'Do you want to our holiday?' 'Not now. Tell me later.' 7. I live in a very small town in the north of England. You've probably never it. 133.4 Complete the sentences using think about or think of. Use the correct form of think. 1. You look serious. What are you _thinking about?_ 2. I like to have time to make decisions. I like to things carefully. 3. He's a very selfish person. He only himself. 4. I don't know what to get Ann for her birthday. Can you anything? 5. A: I've finished reading the book you lent me. B: Have you? What did you it? Did you like it? 6. We're going out for a meal this evening. Would you like to come? 7. I don't really want to go out with Ian tonight. I'll have to an excuse. 8. Carol is rather homesick. She's always her family back home. 9. When I was offered the job, I didn't accept immediately. I went away and - it for a while. In the end I decided to take the job. 10. I don't much this coffee. It's like water. @p268 UNIT 134 Verb + preposition (4) of/for/from/on A. Verb + of accuse/suspect somebody OF : * Sue accused me of being selfish. *Three students were suspected of cheating in the examination. approve OF : * His parents don't approve of what he does, but they can't stop him. die OF (an illness): * 'What did he die of?' 'A heart attack.' consist OF : * We had an enormous meal. It consisted of seven courses. B. Verb + for pay (somebody) FOR : * I didn't have enough money to pay (the waiter) for the meal. (not 'pay the meal') but 'pay a bill/a fine/a tax/a fare/rent/a sum of money etc. (no preposition): * I didn't have enough money to pay my telephone bill. thank/forgive somebody FOR : * I'll never forgive them for what they did. apologize (to somebody) FOR : * When I realized I was wrong, I apologized (to them) for my mistake. blame somebody/something FOR : * Everybody blamed me for the accident. also: 'somebody is to blame for ': * Everybody said that I was to blame for the accident. also: blame something ON : * Everybody blamed the accident on me. C. Verb + from Suffer FROM (an illness etc.): * The number of people suffering from heart disease has increased. protect somebody/something FROM (or AGAINST) : * Sun oil can protect the skin from the sun. (or . against the sun.) D. Verb + on depend ON /rely ON : * 'What time will you arrive?' 'I don't know. It depends on the traffic.' * You can rely on Jill. She always keeps her promises. You can use depend + when/where/how etc. (question words) with or without on: * 'Are you going to buy it?' 'It depends how much it is.' (or depends on how much) live ON (money/food): * George's salary is very low. It isn't enough to live on. congratulate (someone) ON /compliment (somebody) ON * I congratulated her on her success0 the exam. @p269 EXERCISES 134.1 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. 1. Sue said I was selfish. Sue accused me _of being selfish._ 2. The misunderstanding was my fault, so I apologized. I apologized 3. She won the tournament, so I congratulated her. I congratulated her 4. He has enemies but he has a bodyguard to protect him. He has a bodyguard to protect him 5. There are 11 players in a football team. A football team consists 6. She eats only bread and eggs. She lives Complete the second sentence using for or on. (These sentences all have blame.) 7. Kay said that what happened was Jim's fault. Kay blamed Jim _for what happened._ 8. You always say everything is my fault. You always blame me 9. Do you think the economic crisis is the fault of the government? Do you blame the government 10. I think the increase in violent crime is because of television. I blame the increase in Now rewrite sentences 9 and 10 using to blame for 11. (9) Do you think the government 12. (10) I think that 134.2 Complete the sentences using one of the following verbs (in the correct form) + the correct preposition: accuse apologize approve congratulate depend live pay 1. His parents don't _approve of_ what he does, but they can't stop him. 2. When you went to the theatre with Paul, who the tickets? 3. It's not very pleasant when you are something you didn't do. 4. 'Are you playing tennis tomorrow?' 'I hope so. It the weather.' 5. Things are very cheap there. You can very little money. 6. When I saw Dave, I him passing his driving test. 7. You were very rude to Fiona. Don't you think you should her? 134.3 Put in the correct preposition. If no preposition is necessary, leave the space empty (-) 1. Three students were suspected _of_ cheating in the examination. 2. Sally is often not well. She suffers very bad headaches. 3. You know that you can rely me if you ever need any help. 4. It is terrible that some people are dying hunger while others eat too much. 5. Are you going to apologize what you did? 6. The accident was my fault, so I had to pay the damage. 7. I didn't have enough money to pay the bill. 8. I complimented her her English. She spoke fluently and made very few mistakes. 9. She hasn't got a job. She depends her parents for money. 10. I don't know whether I'll go out tonight. It depends how I feel. 11. They wore warm clothes to protect themselves the cold. 12. The apartment consists three rooms, a kitchen and bathroom. @p270 UNIT 135 Verb + preposition (5) in/into/with/to/on A. Verb + in believe IN * Do you believe in God? (=do you believe that God exists?) * I believe in saying what I think. (=I believe it is right to say what I think) specialize IN * Helen is a lawyer. She specializes in company law. succeed IN * I hope you succeed in finding the job you want. B. Verb +into break INTO * Our house was broken into a few days ago but nothing was stolen. crash/drive/bump/run INTO * He lost control of the car and crashed into a wall. divide/cut/split something INTO (two or more parts): * The book is divided into three parts. * Cut the meat into small pieces before frying it. translate (a book etc.) FROM one language INTO another: * George Orwell's books have been translated into many languages. C. Verb + with collide WITH * There was an accident this morning. A bus collided with a car. (but 'crashed into') fill something WITH. (but full of see Unit 130B): * Take this saucepan and fill it with water. provide/supply somebody WITH * The school provides all its students with books. D. Verb + to happen TO : * What happened to that gold watch you used to have? (= where is it now?) prefer one thing/person TO another: * I prefer tea to coffee. E. Verb + on concentrate ON : * Don't look out of the window. Concentrate on your work. insist ON : * I wanted to go alone but they insisted on coming with me. spend (money) ON : * How much money do you spend on food each week? @p271 EXERCISES 135.1 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. 1. There was a collision between a bus and a car. A bus collided _with a car._ 2. I don't mind big cities but I prefer small towns. I prefer 3. I got all the information I needed from Jill. Jill provided me 4. This morning I bought a pair of shoes which cost -'60. This morning I spent 135.2 Complete the sentences using one of the following verbs (in the correct form) + the correct preposition: believe concentrate divide drive fill happen insist succeed 1. I wanted to go alone but Sue _insisted on_ coming with me. 2. I haven't seen Harry for ages. I wonder what has him. 3. I was driving along when the car in front of me stopped suddenly. Unfortunately, I couldn't stop in time and the back of it. 4. It's a very large house. It's four flats. 5. I don't ghosts. I think people only imagine that they see them. 6. Steve gave me an empty bucket and told me to it water. 7. Don't try and do two things together one thing at a time. 8. It wasn't easy but in the end we finding a solution to the problem. 135.3 Put in the correct preposition. 1. The school provides all its students _with_ books. 2. A strange thing happened me a few days ago. 3. Mark decided to give up sport so that he could concentrate his studies. 4. I don't believe working very hard. It's not worth it. 5. My present job isn't wonderful, but I prefer it what I did before. 6. I hope you succeed getting what you want. 7. As I was coming out of the room, I collided somebody who was coming in. 8. There was an awful noise as the car crashed a tree. 9. Jim is a photographer. He specializes sports photography. 10. Do you spend much money clothes? 11. The country is divided six regions. 12. I prefer travelling by train driving. It's much more pleasant. 13. Somebody broke my car and stole the radio. 14. I felt quite cold but Peter insisted having the window open. 15. Some words are difficult to translate one language another. 16. What happened the money I lent you? What did you spend it? 17. The teacher decided to split the class four groups. 18. I filled the tank but unfortunately I filled it the wrong kind of petrol. 135.4 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. Use a preposition. 1. I wanted to go out alone but my friend insisted _on coming with me._ 2. I spend quite a lot of money 3. I saw the accident. The car crashed 4. Sarah prefers basketball 5. Shakespeare's plays have been translated @p272 UNIT 136 Phrasal verbs (getup/ breakdown /fill in etc.) A. We often use verbs with the following words: in out on off up down away back round through about along over forward by So you can say put out/get on/take off/run away etc. These verbs are phrasal verbs. We often use out/off/up etc. with verbs of movement. For example: get on: * The bus was full. We couldn't get on. drive off: * A woman got into the car and drove off. come back: * Sally is leaving tomorrow and coming back on Saturday. turn round: * When I touched him on the shoulder, he turned round. But often the second word (out/off/up etc.) gives a special meaning to the verb. For example: break down: * Sorry I'm late. The car broke down. (= the engine stopped working) look out: * Look out! There's a car coming. (= be careful) take off: * It was my first flight. I was nervous as the plane took off. (= went into the air) get up: * I was very tired this morning. I couldn't get up. (= get out of bed) get on: * How was the exam? How did you get on? (= how did you do?) get by: * My French isn't very good but it's enough to get by. (= to manage) B. Sometimes a phrasal verb is followed by a preposition. For example: * Why did you run away from me? * You're walking too fast. I can't keep up with you. * Are you looking forward to your holiday? * Jack is trying to cut down on smoking. (=reduce smoking) C. Sometimes a phrasal verb has an object. Usually there are two possible positions for the object. So you can say: I turned off _the light._(object) or I turned the light off. If the object is a pronoun (it/them/me/him etc.), only one position is possible: I turned it off. (not 'I turned off it') Some more examples: * Could you fill in this form? * Could you fill this form in? but They gave me a form and told me to fill it in. (not 'fill in it') * The police got into the house by breaking down the door. * The police got into the house by breaking the door down. but The door wasn't locked. Why did the police break it down? (not 'break down it') * I think I'll throw away these newspapers. * I think I'll throw these newspapers away. but Do you want these newspapers or shall I throw them away? (not 'throw away them') * Don't wake up the baby. * Don't wake the baby up. but The baby is asleep. Don't wake her up. (not 'wake up her') @p273 EXERCISES 136.1 Complete the sentences using one of these phrasal verbs (in the correct form): break down drop out (= stop taking part in something) clear up (= become brighter-for weather) move in (= start living in a house etc.) close down (= go out of business) show off (= show how clever you are) doze off (= fall asleep) turn up (= appear/arrive) 1. Sorry I'm late. The car _broke down_ on the way here. 2. I arranged to meet Jane after work last night but she didn't 3. 'We've bought a new house.' 'Oh, have you? When are you ?' 4. There used to be a shop at the end of the street but it a year ago. [...]... APPENDIX 6 6.5 Words ending in -e (hope, dance, wide etc.) #1 Verbs If a verb ends in ~e, we leave out e before the ending ~ing: hope/hoping smile/smiling dance/dancing confuse/confusing Exceptions arc: be/being and verbs ending in ~ee: see/seeing agree/agreeing If a verb ends in ~e, we add ~d for the past (of regular verbs): hope/hoped smile/smiled dance/danced confuse/confused #2 Adjectives and adverbs... exercise because - (she/sit) in an office all day in front of a computer Past continuous and used to Units 6 and 18 9 Complete the sentences using the past continuous (was doing) or used to Use the verb in brackets 1 I haven't been to the cinema for ages now We _used to go_ a lot (go) 2 Ann didn't see me wave to her She _was looking_ in the other direction (look) 3 I - a lot but I don't use my car... had played many times before * I couldn't get into the house because I had lost my key * The house was dirty because we hadn't cleaned it for weeks #8 I had been doing past perfect continuous (-> Unit 16) * Ann was tired yesterday evening because she had been playing tennis in the afternoon * George decided to go to the doctor because he hadn't been feeling well For the passive, see Units 41-43 @p277... nn thinner thinnest If the word has more than one syllable (prefer, begin etc.), we double the consonant at the end only if the final syllable is stressed: preFER/preferring preferred perMIT/permitting/permitted reGRET/regretting/regretted beGIN/beginning If the final syllable is not stressed, we do not double the final consonant: VISit/visiting/visited deVELop/developing/developed HAPpen/happening/happened... change before ~ing: hurrying, studying, applying, trying y does not change if the word ends in a vowel + y (~ay/~ey/~oy/~uy): play/plays/played enjoy/enjoys/enjoyed buy/buys, monkey/monkeys An exception is: day/daily Note also: pay/paid, lay/laid, say/said 6.4 Verbs ending in ~ie (die, lie, tie) If a verb ends in ~ie, ie changes to y before the ending ~ing: die/dying lie/lying tie/tying @p 281 APPENDIX... Future happenings and situations Most often we use will to talk about future happenings or situations ('something will happen'): * I don't think John is happy in his job I think he'll leave soon * This time next year I'll be in Japan Where will you be? We use (be) going to when the situation now shows what is going to happen in the future: * Look at those black clouds It's going to rain (you can see... now) 3.4 Future continuous and future perfect Will be (do)ing = will be in the middle of (doing something): * This time next week I'll be on holiday I'll be lying on a beach and swimming in the sea We also use will be ~ing for future actions (see Unit 24C): * What time will you be leaving tomorrow? We use will have (done) to say that something will already be complete before a time in the future: * I... HAPpen/happening/happened reMEMber/remembering/remembered In British English, verbs ending in -1 have -]I- before ~ing and ~ed whether the final syllable is stressed or not: travel/travelling/travelled cancel/cancelling/cancelled For American spelling, see Appendix 7 Note that: we do not double the final consonant if the word ends in two consonants (~rt, ~1p, ~ng etc.): start/starting/started, help/helping/helped, long/longer/longest... verbs If a verb is regular, the past simple and past participle end in ~ed For example; infinitive: clean, finish, use, paint, stop, carry past simple, past participle: cleaned, finished, used, painted, stopped, carried For spelling rules, see Appendix 6 For the past simple (I cleaned/they finished/she carried etc.), see Unit 5 We use the past participle to make the perfect tenses and for all the passive... anything to eat (I/have/a big breakfast) - @p 288 7 Every year Bob and Alice spend a few days at the same hotel by the sea (they/go/t ere r years) - 8 I've got a headache (I/have/it/since I got up) - 9 Next week Gerry is going to run in a marathon (he/train/very hard for it) - 7 Put the verbs into the correct form Julia and Kevin are old friends They meet by chance at a station JULIA: Hello, Kevin . specialize IN * Helen is a lawyer. She specializes in company law. succeed IN * I hope you succeed in finding the job you want. B. Verb +into break INTO * Our house was broken into a. participle end in ~ed. For example; infinitive: clean, finish, use, paint, stop, carry past simple, past participle: cleaned, finished, used, painted, stopped, carried For spelling rules,. but nothing was stolen. crash/drive/bump/run INTO * He lost control of the car and crashed into a wall. divide/cut/split something INTO (two or more parts): * The book is divided into three