essential English Grammar in Use int phần 7 pptx

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essential English Grammar in Use int phần 7 pptx

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some chocolate a map an umbrella her camera some water a towel She has decided to take these things because: perhaps she'll want to have a swim it's possible she'll get lost she might get hungry she might want to take some photographs perhaps she'll get thirsty perhaps it will rain Write sentences with in case saying why Barbara has decided to take these things with her _She's going to take some chocolate in case she gets hungry._ She's going to take a map in case - She's going to - - - - 113.2 What you say in these situations? Use in case It's possible that Mary will need to contact you, so you give her your phone number You say: Here's my phone number - A friend of yours is going away for a long time Maybe you won't see her again before she goes, so you decide to say goodbye now You say: I'll say - You are shopping in a supermarket with a friend You think you have everything you need but perhaps you've forgotten something Your friend has the list You ask him to check it You say: Can you - 113.3 Write sentences with in case There was a possibility that Ann would phone So I didn't go out _I didn't go out in case Ann phoned._ John thought that he might forget the name of the book So he wrote it down He wrote down - thought my parents might be worried about me So I phoned them I phoned - wrote a letter to Jane but I didn't receive a reply So I wrote to her again because I thought that perhaps she hadn't received my first letter I - I met some people when I was on holiday in France They said they might come to London one day I live in London, so I gave them my address I - 113.4 Put in case or if Ann might phone this evening I don't want to go out _in case_ she phones You should tell the police _if_ your bicycle is stolen hope you'll come to London sometime - you come, you can stay with us, This letter is for Susan Can you give it to her you see her? Write your name and address on your bag - you lose it Go to the lost property office - you lose your bag The burglar alarm will ring - somebody tries to break into the house I've just painted the door I'll put a WET PAINT notice next to it somebody doesn't realize it's just been painted I was advised to arrange insurance - I needed medical treatment while I was abroad @p228 UNIT 114 Unless As long as and provided/providing A Unless Study this example situation: The club is for members only You can't go in unless you are a member This means: 'You can't go In except if you are a member.' or 'You can go in only if you are a member.' Unless ='except if' Some more examples of unless: * I'll see you tomorrow unless I have to work late (= except if I have to work late) * Don't tell Sue what I said unless she asks you (= except if she asks you) * 'Shall I tell Sue what you said?' 'Not unless she asks you.' (= only if she asks you) * I don't like fish I wouldn't eat it unless I was extremely hungry (= except if I was extremely hungry) We often use unless in warnings: * We'll be late unless we hurry (= except if we hurry) * Unless you work much harder, you won't pass the exam * I was told I wouldn't pass the exam unless I worked harder Instead of unless it is often possible to say if not: * Don't tell Sue what I said if she doesn't ask you * We'll be late if we don't hurry B As long as etc as long as or so long as All these expressions mean 'if' or 'on condition that' provided (that) or providing (that) All these expressions mean 'if' or 'on condition that' For example: * You can use my car as long as you drive carefully * You can use my car so long as you drive carefully (= you can use my car but you must drive carefully this is a condition) * Travelling by car is convenient provided (that) you have somewhere to park * Travelling by car is convenient providing (that) you have somewhere to park (= but only if you have somewhere to park) * Providing (that) she studies hard, she'll pass her exams * Provided (that) she studies hard, she'll pass her exams (= she must study hard - if she does this, she will pass) C When you are talking about the future, dr, not use will after unless/as long as/provided providing Use a present tense (see also Unit 25): * We'll be late unless we hurry (not 'unless we will hurry') * Providing she studies hard, she will pass the exam (not 'providing she will study') @p229 EXERCISES 114.1 Write a new sentence with the same meaning Use unless in your sentence You must work much harder or you won't pass the exam _You won't pass, the exam unless you work much harder._ Listen carefully or you won't know what to You won't know what to - She must apologize to me or I'll never speak to her again I'll - You have to speak very slowly or he won't be able to understand you The company must offer me more money or I'm going to look for another job 114.2 Write a new sentence with the same meaning Use unless in your sentence You are allowed into the club only if you're a member _You aren't allowed into the club unless you're a member._ I'm going to the party only if you go too I'm not going - The dog will attack you only if you move suddenly He'll speak to you only if you ask him a question The doctor will see you today only if it's an emergency 114.3 Choose the correct word or expression for each sentence You can use my car _unless/as long as_ you drive carefully (as long as is correct) I'm playing tennis tomorrow _unless/providing_ it's raining I'm playing tennis tomorrow _unless/providing_ it's not raining I don't mind if you come in late _unless/as long as_ you come in quietly I'm going now _unless/provided_ you want me to stay I don't watch television _unless/as long as_ I've got nothing else to Children are allowed to use the swimming pool _unless/provided_ they are with an adult _Unless/provided_ they are with an adult, children are not allowed to use the swimming pool We can sit here in the corner _unless/as long as_ you'd rather sit over there by the window 10 A: Our holiday cost a lot of money B: Did it? Well, that doesn't matter _unless/as long as_ you enjoyed yourselves 114.4 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences We'll be late unless _we hurry._ I like hot weather unless - I like hot weather provided - Kate reads a newspaper every day as long as - I don't mind walking home as long as - I like to walk to work in the morning unless - We can meet tomorrow unless - You can borrow the money providing - You won't achieve anything unless - @p230 UNIT 115 As (reason and time) A As (reason) As sometimes means 'because': * As it was a public holiday, all the shops were shut (= because it was a public holiday) * As they live near us, we see them quite often * We watched television all evening as we had nothing better to d We also use as to say that two things happened at the same time See Section B B As (time) You can use as when two things happen at the same time: * I watched her as she opened the letter ('I watched' and 'she opened' at the same time) * As they walked along the street, they looked in the shop windows * Can you turn off the light as you go out, please? (= on your way out of the room) Or you can say that something happened as you were doing something else (= in the middle of doing something else): * Jill slipped as she was getting off the bus * The thief was seen as he was climbing over the wall Most often we use as when two short actions happen at the same time: * George arrived as Sue left (= he arrived and Sue left at the same time) * We all waved goodbye to Liz as she drove away in her car But we also use as when two things happen together over a longer period of time: * As the day went on, the weather got worse * I began to enjoy the job more as I got used to it You can also use just as (= exactly at that moment): * Just as I sat down, the phone rang * Just as we were going out, it started to rain * I had to leave just as the conversation was getting interesting For the past continuous (was getting/were going etc.) see Unit C As, when and while We use as only if two things happen at the same time We use when (not 'as') if one thing happens after another Compare when and as: * When I got home, I had a bath (not 'as I got home') * As I walked into the room, the phone started ringing (= at the same time) We use as (time) for actions and happenings As + a situation (not an action) usually means 'because' (see Section A): * As we were asleep, we didn't hear the doorbell (=because we were asleep) * As they live near me, I see them quite often (=because they live near me) You cannot use as for time in sentences like this You have to use while or when: * The doorbell rang while we were asleep (not 'as we were asleep') * Angela got married when she was 23 (not 'as she was 23') @p231 EXERCISES 115.1 What does as mean in these sentences? (because), (at the same time as) As they live near us, we see them quite often (because) Jill slipped as she was getting off the bus (at the same time as) As I was tired, I went to bed early Unfortunately, as I was parking the car, I hit the car behind 5, As we climbed the hill, we got more and more tired We decided to go out to cat as we had no food at home As we don't use the car very often, we've decided to sell it 115.2 (Section A) join a sentence from List A with one from List B Begin each sentence with As A: yesterday was a public holiday it was a nice day we didn't want to wake anybody up the door was open none of us had a watch B: I walked in we came in very quietly all the shops were shut we didn't know what time it was we went for a walk by the sea _As yesterday was a public holiday, all the shops were shut._ - - - - 115.3 (Section B) Use as to join a sentence from List A with one from List B A: we all waved goodbye to Liz we all smiled I burnt myself the crowd cheered a dog ran out in front of the car B: we were driving along the road I was taking a hot dish out of the oven she drove away in her ear we posed for the photograph the two teams ran onto the field _We all waved goodbye to Liz as she drove a in her car._ 2. - - - - 115.4 Put in as or when Sometimes you can use either as or when Angela got married _when_ she was 23 My camera was stolen - I was on holiday He dropped the glass - he was taking it out of the cupboard - I left school, I went to work in a shop The train slowed down - it approached the station I used to live near the sea - I was a child 115.5 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences I saw you as - It began to rain just as - As I didn't have enough money for a taxi, - Just as I took the photograph, - @p232 UNIT 116 Like and as A Like = 'similar to', 'the same as' Note that you cannot use as in this way: * What a beautiful house! It's like a palace (not 'as a palace') * 'What does Sandra do?' 'She's a teacher, like me.' (not 'as me') * Be careful! The floor has been polished It's like walking on ice (not 'as walking') * It's raining again I hate weather like this (not 'as this') In these sentences, like is a preposition So it is followed by a noun (like a palace), a pronoun (like me/like this) or ~ing (like walking) You can also say 'like (somebody/something) doing something': * 'What's that noise?' 'It sounds like a baby crying.' B Sometimes like = 'for example': * Some sports, like motor racing, can be dangerous You can also use such as (= for example): * Some sports, such as motor racing, can be dangerous C We use as (not 'like') before a subject + verb: * I didn't move anything I left everything as I found it * They did as they promised (= They did what they promised.) Compare like and as in these sentences: * You should have done it like this (like + pronoun) * You should have done it as I showed you (as + subject + verb) We also say as you know/as I said/as she expected/as I thought etc.: * As you know, it's Tom's birthday next week (= you know this already) * Jane failed her driving test, as she expected she expected this before) Note that we say as usual/as always: * You're late as usual D As can also be a preposition but the meaning is different from like Compare: #1 as * Brenda Casey is the manager of a company As the manager, she has to make many important decisions ('As the manager' = in her position as the manager) * During the war this hotel was used as a hospital (so it really was a hospital) like * Mary Stone is the assistant manager Like the manager (Brenda Casey), she also has to make important decisions ('Like the manager' = similar to the manager) * Everyone is ill at home Our house is like a hospital (it isn't really a hospital) As (preposition) = 'in the position of', 'in the form of' etc.: * A few years ago I worked as a bus driver (not 'like a bus driver') * We've got a garage but we haven't got a car, so we use the garage as a workshop * Many English words (for example, 'work' and 'rain') can be used as verbs or nouns * London is all right as a place to visit, but I wouldn't like to live there * The news of her death came as a great shock We say regard as: * I regard her as my best friend @p233 EXERCISES 116.1 (Sections A, B and Q Put in like or as It's raining again I hate weather _like_ this Jane failed her driving test _as_ she expected Do you think Carol looks - her mother? He really gets on my nerves I can't stand people - him Why didn't you it - I told you to it? 'What does Bill do?' 'He's a student - most of his friends.' Why you never listen? Talking to you is - talking to the wall - I said yesterday, I'm thinking of changing my job Tom's idea seemed a good one, so we did - he suggested 10 It's a difficult problem I never know what to in situations - this 11 I'll phone you tomorrow - usual, OK? 12 This tea is awful It tastes - water 13 Suddenly there was a terrible noise It was - a bomb exploding 14 She's a very good swimmer She swims - a fish 15 I'm afraid I can't meet you on Sunday - we arranged 16 We met Keith last night He was very cheerful - always 116.2 (Sections A and D) Complete the sentences using like or as + one of the following: a beginner blocks of ice a palace a birthday present a problem a child a church winter a tourist guide This house is beautiful It's _like a palace._ Margaret once had a part-time job - My feet are really cold They're - I've been learning Spanish for a few years but I still speak - wonder what that building with the tower is It looks - My brother gave me this watch - a long time ago It's true that we disagree about some things but I don't regard this - It's very cold for the middle of summer It's - He's 22 years old but he sometimes behaves - 116.3 (All sections) Put in like or as Your English is very fluent I wish I could speak - you Don't take my advice if you don't want to You can - you like You waste too much time doing things - sitting in cafes all day wish I had a car - yours There's no need to change your clothes You can go out - you are My neighbour's house is full of interesting things It's - a museum think I preferred this room - it was, before we decorated it When we asked Sue to help us, she agreed immediately - I knew she would Sharon has been working - a waitress for the last two months 10 While we were on holiday, we, spent most of our time doing energetic things - sailing, water skiing and swimming 11 You're different from the other people I know I don't know anyone - you 12 We don't need all the bedrooms in the house, so we use one of them - a study 13 - her father, Catherine has a very good voice 14 The news that Sue and Jim were getting married came - a complete surprise to me 15 At the moment I've got a temporary job in a bookshop It's OK - a temporary job but I wouldn't like to it permanently @p234 UNIT 117 As if A You can use as if to say how somebody or something looks/sounds/feels etc.: * That house looks as if it's going to fall down * Ann sounded as if she had a cold, didn't she? * I've just come back from holiday but I feel tired and depressed I don't feel as if I've just had a holiday Compare: * You look tired (look + adjective) You look as if you haven't slept (look + as if + subject + verb) * Tom sounded worried (sound + adjective) Tom sounded as if he was worried (sound + as if + subject + verb) by car but in my car (not 'by my car') by train but on the train (not 'by the train') We use in for cars and taxis: * They didn't come in their car They came in a taxi We use on for bicycles and public transport (buses, trains etc.): * We travelled on the 6.45 train C We say 'something is done by somebody/something' (passive-see Units 4143): * Have you ever been bitten by a dog? * The programme was watched by millions of people Compare by and with: * The door must have been opened with a key (not 'by a key') (= somebody used a key to open it) * The door must have been opened by somebody with a key We say 'a play by Shakespeare', 'a painting by Rembrandt', 'a novel by Tolstoy' etc * Have you read any books by Agatha Christie? D By also means next to/beside: * Come and sit by me (= beside me) * 'Where's the light switch?' 'By the door.' E Note the following use of by : * Clare's salary has just gone up from 1,000 pounds a month to 1,100 pounds So it has increased by 100 pounds/by ten per cent * John and Roger had a race over 100 metres Roger won by about five metres @p255 EXERCISES 127.1 Complete the sentences using by + one of the following: chance chance cheque hand ,mistake satellite We hadn't arranged to meet We met _by chance._ I didn't intend to take your umbrella I took it - I didn't put the pullover in the washing machine I washed it - 4, If you haven't got any cash, you can pay - The two cities were connected - for a television programme I never suspected anything It was only - that I found out what had happened 127.2 Put in by, in or on Liz usually goes to work _by_ bus I saw Jane this morning She was - the bus How did you get here? Did you come - train? How did you get here? Did you come - the train? I decided not to go - car I went - my bike instead I didn't feel like walking home, so I came home - a taxi Sorry we're late We missed the bus, so we had to come - foot How long does it take to cross the Atlantic - sea? 127.3 Write three sentences like the examples Write about a book, a song, a painting, a film etc _'War and Peace' is a book by Tolstoy._ _'Romeo and Juliet' is a play by Shakespeare._ - - - 127.4 Put in the correct preposition: by, in, on or with Who is that man standing - the window? I managed to put the fire out - a fire extinguisher The plane was badly damaged - lightning These photographs were taken - a friend of mine These photographs were taken - a very good camera I don't mind going - car but I don't want to go your car Shall we get a taxi or shall we go - foot? What's that music? I know it's - Beethoven but I can't remember what it's called There was a small table - the bed a lamp and a clock it 10 Our team lost the game only because of a mistake - one of our players 127.5 Complete the sentences using by Clare's salary was 1,000 pounds a month Now it is 1,100 pounds Her salary _has increased by 100 pounds a month._ My daily newspaper used to cost 50 pence From today it costs 60 pence The price has gone up - There was an election Helen got 25 votes and Norman got 23 Helen won - I went to Kate's house to see her but she had gone out five minutes before I arrived I missed - @p256 UNIT 128 Noun + preposition (reason for, cause of etc.) A Noun + for cheque FOR (a sum of money): * They sent me a cheque for 75 pounds demand FOR/a need FOR : * The firm closed down because there wasn't enough demand for its product * There's no excuse for behaviour like that There's no need for it reason FOR : * The train was late but nobody knew the reason for the delay (not 'reason of) B Noun+ of an advantage/a disadvantage OF : * The advantage of living alone is that you can what you like but we usually say: 'there is an advantage in (or to) doing something': * There are many advantages in (or to) living alone a cause OF : * Nobody knows what the cause of the explosion was a photograph/a picture/a map/a plan/a drawing (etc.) OF : * She showed me some photographs of her family * I had a map of the town, so I was able to find my way around C Noun + in an increase/a decrease/a rise/a fall IN (prices etc.): * There has been an increase in the number of road accidents recently * Last year was a bad year for the company There was a big fall in sales D Noun+ to damage TO : * The accident was my fault, so I had to pay for the damage to the other car an invitation TO (a party/a wedding etc.): * Did you get an invitation to the party? a solution TO (a problem)/a key TO (a door)/an answer TO (a question)/a reply TO (a letter)/a reaction TO * Do you think we'll find a solution to the problem? (not 'a solution of the problem') * I was surprised at her reaction to my suggestion an attitude TO (or TOWARDS ): * His attitude to his Job is very negative or His attitude towards his Job E Noun + with /between a relationship/a connection/contact WITH : * Do you have a good relationship with your parents? * The police want to question a man in connection with the robbery but: a relationship/a connection/contact/a difference BETWEEN two things or people: * The police believe that there is no connection between the two crimes * There are some differences between British and American English @p257 EXERCISES 128.1 Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first What caused the explosion? What was the cause _of the explosion?_ We're trying to solve the problem We're trying to find a solution - Sue gets on well with her brother Sue has a good relationship - Prices have gone up a lot There has been a big increase - I don't know how to answer your question I can't think of an answer - I don't think that a new road is necessary I don't think there is any need - The number of people without jobs fell last month Last month there was a fall - Nobody wants to buy shoes like these any more There is no demand - In what way is your job different from mine? What is the difference -? 128.2 Complete the sentences using one of the following nouns + the correct preposition cause connection invitation map reason damage contact key pictures reply On the wall there were some pictures and a _map of_ the world Thank you for the - your party next week Since she left home two years ago, she has had little - her family I can't open this door Have you got a - the other door? The - the fire at the hotel last night is still unknown I wrote to Jim last week, but I still haven't received a - my letter The two companies are completely independent There is no - them Jane showed me some old - the city as it looked 100 years ago Carol has decided to give up her job I don't know her - doing this 10 It wasn't a bad accident The - the car wasn't serious 128.3 Complete the sentences with the correct preposition There are some differences _between_ British and American English Everything can be explained There's a reason - everything If I give you the camera, can you take a photograph - me? Money isn't the solution - every problem There has been an increase - the amount of traffic using this road When I opened the envelope, I was delighted to find a cheque - 500 pounds The advantage - having a car is that you don't have to rely on public transport There are many advantages - being able to speak a foreign language When Paul left home, his attitude - his parents seemed to change 10 Bill and I used to be good friends but I don't have much contact - him now 11 There has been a sharp rise - the cost of living in the past few years 12 I'm sorry I haven't written to you for so long The reason - this is that I've been ill 13 What was Emma's reaction - the news? 14 Ken showed me a photograph - the house where he lived as a child 15 The company has rejected the workers' demands - a rise pay 16 What was the answer - question in the test? 17 The fact that Jane was offered a job has no connection - the fact that her cousin is the managing director @p258 UNIT 129 Adjective + preposition (1) A It was nice of you to nice/kind/good/generous/polite/silly/stupid etc OF somebody (to something): * Thank you It was very nice/kind of you to help me * It is stupid of her to go out without a coat in such cold weather but (be) nice/kind/good/generous/polite/friendly/cruel etc TO somebody: * They have always been very nice/kind to me (not 'with me') * Why were you so unfriendly to Tessa? B Adjective + about/with angry/annoyed/furious ABOUT something angry/annoyed/furious WITH somebody FOR doing something * It's stupid to get angry about things that don't matter * Are you annoyed with me for being late? excited/worried/upset/nervous/happy etc ABOUT something: * Are you excited about going on holiday next week? * Carol is upset about not being invited to the party delighted/pleased/satisfied/disappointed WITH something: * I was delighted with the present you gave me * Were you disappointed with your exam results?] C Adjective + at/by/with surprised/shocked/amazed/astonished AT/BY something: * Everybody was surprised at (or by) the news * I hope you weren't shocked by (or at) what I said impressed WITH/BY somebody/something: * I'm very impressed with (or by) her English It's very good fed up/bored WITH something: * I don't enjoy my job any more I'm fed up with it./I'm bored with it.] D sorry about/for sorry ABOUT something: * I'm sorry a out t e noise last night We were having a party but usually sorry FOR doing something: * I'm sorry for shouting at you yesterday You can also say 'I'm sorry I (did something)': * I'm sorry I shouted at you yesterday We say 'to feel/to be sorry FOR somebody': * I feel sorry for George He has a lot of problems.] @p259 EXERCISES 129.1 Write sentences using nice of , kind of etc I went out in the cold without a coat Sue offered to drive me to the airport I needed money and Ian gave me some They didn't invite us to their party Can I help you with your luggage? Kevin didn't thank me for the present They've had an argument and now they refuse to speak to each other.] (silly) _That was silly of you._ (nice) That was - her (generous) That - (not very nice) That wasn't - (very kind) - you (not very polite) - (a bit childish) - 129.2 Complete the sentences using one of the following adjectives + the correct preposition: annoyed annoyed astonished bored excited impressed kind sorry We're all _excited about_ going on holiday next week Thank you for all your help You've been very - me I wouldn't like to be in her position I feel - her What have I done wrong? Why are you - me? Why you always get so - little things? I wasn't very - the service in the restaurant We had to wait ages before our food arrived John isn't happy at college He says he's - the course he's doing I had never seen so many people before I was - the crowds 129.3 Put in the correct preposition I was delighted _with_ the present you gave me It was very nice - you to my shopping for me Thank you very much Why are you always so rude - your parents? Can't you be nice them? It was a bit careless - you to leave the door unlocked when you went out They didn't reply to our letter, which wasn't very polite - them We always have the same food every day I'm fed up - it I can't understand people who are cruel - animals We enjoyed our holiday, but we were a bit disappointed - the hotel I was surprised - the way he behaved It was completely out of character 10 I've been trying to learn Spanish but I'm not very satisfied - my progress 11 Linda doesn't look very well I'm worried - her 12 Are you angry - what happened? 13 I'm sorry - what I said I hope you're not angry - me 14 The people next door are furious - us making so much noise last night 15 Jill starts her new job next week She's quite excited - it 16 I'm sorry - the smell of paint in this room I've just decorated it 17 I was shocked - what I saw I'd never seen anything like it before 18 The man we interviewed for the job was intelligent but we weren't very impressed - his appearance 19 Are you still upset - what I said to you yesterday? 20 He said he was sorry - the situation but there was nothing he could 21 I felt sorry - the children when we went on holiday It rained every day and they had to spend most of the time indoors @p260 UNIT 130 Adjective + preposition (2) A Adjective + of (1) afraid/frightened/terrified/scared OF : * 'Are you afraid of dogs?' 'Yes, I'm terrified of them.' fond/proud/ashamed/jealous/envious OF : * Why are you always so jealous of other people? suspicious/critical/tolerant OF : * He didn't trust me He was suspicious of my intentions B Adjective + of (2) aware/conscious OF * 'Did you know he was married?' 'No, I wasn't aware of that.' capable/incapable OF * I'm sure you are capable of passing the examination full OF./short OF * The letter I wrote was full of mistakes (not 'full with') * I'm a bit short of money Can you lend me some? typical OF * He's late again It's typical of him to keep everybody waiting tired OF : * Come on, let's go! I'm tired of waiting (= I've had enough of waiting) certain/sure OF or ABOUT : * I think she's arriving this evening but I'm not sure of that (or sure about that.) C Adjective+ at/ to/ from/ in/ on/with /for good/bad/excellent/brilliant/hopeless (etc.) AT : * I'm not very good at repairing things (not 'good in repairing things') married/engaged TO : * Linda is married to an American (not 'married with') but * Linda is married with three children she is married and has three children) similar TO : * Your writing is similar to mine different FROM (or TO) : * The film was different from what I'd expected (or different to what I'd expected.) interested IN : * Are you interested in art? keen ON : * We stayed at home because Cathy wasn't very keen on going out dependent ON (but 'independent OF '): * I don't want to be dependent on anybody crowded WITH (people etc.): * The city centre was crowded with tourists (but 'full of tourists') famous FOR : * The Italian city of Florence is famous for its art treasures responsible FOR : * Who was responsible for all that noise last night? @p261 EXERCISES 130.1 Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one There were lots of tourists in the city centre The city centre was crowded _with tourists._ There was a lot of furniture in the room The room was full - I don't like sport very much I'm not very keen - We haven't got enough time We're a bit short - I'm not a very good tennis player I'm not very good - Catherine's husband is Russian Catherine is married - I don't trust Robert I'm suspicious - My problem is not the same as yours My problem is different - 130.2 Complete the sentences with one of the following adjectives + the correct preposition: afraid different interested proud responsible similar sure I think she's arriving this evening but I'm not _sure of_ that Your camera is - mine but it isn't exactly the same Don't worry I'll look after you There's nothing to be - 'Do you want to watch the news on television?' 'No, I'm not - the news.' The editor is the person who is - what appears in a newspaper Mrs Davis is a very keen gardener She's very - her garden and loves showing it to visitors I was surprised when I met her for the first time She was - what I expected 130.3 Put in the correct preposition The letter I wrote was full _of_ mistakes My home town is not especially interesting It's not famous - anything Kate is very fond - her younger brother I don't like going up ladders I'm afraid - heights You look bored You don't seem 'interested - what I'm saying Did you know that Liz is engaged - a friend of mine? I'm not ashamed - what I did In fact I'm quite proud - it I suggested we should all go out for a meal but nobody else was keen the idea These days everybody is aware - the dangers of smoking 10 The station platform was crowded - people waiting for the train 11 She's much more successful than I am Sometimes I feel a bit jealous her 12 I'm tired - doing the same thing every day I need a change 13 Do you know anyone who might be interested - buying an old car? 14 We've got plenty to eat The fridge is full - food 15 She is a very honest person I don't think she is capable - telling a lie 16 I'm not surprised she changed her mind at the last moment That's typical - her 17 Our house is similar - yours Perhaps yours is a bit larger 18 John has no money of his own He's totally dependent - his parents 130.4 Write sentences about yourself Are you good at these things or not? Use: brilliant very good quite good not very good hopeless (repairing things) _I'm not very good at repairing things._ (telling jokes) - (mathematics) - (remembering names) - @p262 UNIT 131 Verb + preposition (1) at and to A Verb + at look/have a look/stare/glance (etc.) AT : * Why are you looking at me like that? laugh/smile AT : * I look stupid with this haircut Everybody will laugh at me aim/point (something) AT , shoot/fire (a gun) AT (='in the direction of'): * Don't point that knife at me It's dangerous * We saw some people with guns shooting at birds B Verb + to talk/speak TO (somebody) ('with' is also possible but less usual): * Who was that man you were talking to? * Can I speak to Jane, please? listen TO : * We spent the evening listening to music (not 'listening music') write (a letter) TO : * Sorry I haven't written to you for such a long time but phone/telephone somebody (no preposition): * Did you phone your father yesterday? (not 'phone to your father') invite (somebody) TO (a party/a wedding etc.): * They only invited a few people to their wedding C Some verbs can be followed by at or to, with a difference of meaning For example: shout AT somebody (when you are angry): * She got very angry and started shouting at me shout TO somebody (so that they can bear you): * She shouted to me from the other side of the street throw something AT somebody/something (in order to bit them): * Somebody threw an egg at the minister throw something TO somebody (for somebody to catch): * Judy shouted 'Catch!' and threw the keys to me from the window D Explain/describe/apologize We say explain something (TO somebody): * Can you explain this word to me? (not 'explain me this word') also: 'explain (to somebody) that/what/how/why ': * I explained to them what I wanted them to (not 'I explained them') Describe is similar: * Let me describe to you what I saw Note that we say 'apologize TO somebody (for )': * He apologized to me (not 'He apologized me') but 'thank somebody (for something)', 'ask somebody (for something)': * He asked me for money (not 'He asked to me') @p263 EXERCISES 131.1 Complete the sentences Choose one of the following verbs (in the correct form) + the correct preposition: explain invite laugh listen point glance speak throw throw write I look stupid with this haircut Everybody will _laugh at_ me I don't understand what this means Can you _explain_ it _to_ me? I - my watch to see what the time was We've been - the party but unfortunately we can't go Please - me! I've got something important to tell you Don't - stones - the birds! It's cruel If you don't want to eat that sandwich, - it - the birds They'll eat it Sally and Kevin had an argument and now they're not - one another I - Joanna last week but she hasn't replied to my letter yet 10 Be careful with those scissors! Don't - them - me! 131.2 Put in to or at where necessary They only invited a few people _to_ their wedding Look - these flowers Aren't they pretty? Please don't shout - me! Be nice to me! I saw Sue as I was cycling along the road I shouted - her but she didn't hear me Don't listen - what he says He doesn't know what he's talking about Can I speak - you for a moment? There's something I want to ask you Do you think I could have a look - your newspaper, please? I'm a bit lonely I need somebody to talk - She was so angry she threw a chair - me 10 The woman sitting opposite me on the train kept staring - me 131.3 You ask somebody to explain some things that you don't understand Write sentences using explain (something) to me or explain to me (how/what etc.) (I don't understand this word.) _Can you explain this word to me?_ (I don't understand what you mean.) _Can you explain to me what you mean?_ (I don't understand this question.) Can you explain - (I don't understand the system.) Can - (I don't understand how this machine works.) - (I don't understand what your problem is.) - 131.4 Put in to where necessary If the sentence is already complete, leave an empty space (-) I know who she is but I've never spoken _to_ her George won't be able to help you, so there's no point in asking (-) him I like to listen - the radio while I'm having breakfast We'd better phone - the restaurant to reserve a table I apologized - Bridget for the misunderstanding Don't forget to write - me while you're away I thanked - everybody for all the help they had given me I explained - everybody what they had to Mike described - me how the accident happened 10 I'd like to ask - you some questions @p264 UNIT 132 Verb + preposition (2) about/for/of/after A Verb + about talk ABOUT /read ABOUT /tell somebody ABOUT /have a discussion ABOUT * We talked about a lot of things at the meeting but 'discuss something' (no preposition): * We discussed a lot of things at the meeting (not 'discussed about') also: 'do something ABOUT something' (= something to improve a bad situation): * If you're worried about the problem, you should something about it B Care about, care for and take care of care ABOUT somebody/something (= think that somebody/something is important): * He's very selfish He doesn't care about other people We say 'care what/where/how' (etc.) (without 'about'): * You can what you like I don't care what you care FOR somebody/something: i) = like something (usually in questions and negative sentences): * Would you care for a cup of coffee? (= Would you like ?) * I don't care for very hot weather (= I don't like ) ii) = look after somebody: * Albert is 85 and lives alone He needs somebody to care for him take care OF (= look after): * Have a nice holiday Take care of yourself! (= look after yourself) C Verb + for ask (somebody) FOR * I wrote to the company asking them for more information about the job but * I asked her a question./They asked me the way to the station (no preposition) apply (TO a person, a company etc.) FOR (a job etc.): * I think this job would suit you Why don't you apply for it? wait FOR /wait FOR something to happen: * Don't wait for me I'll join you later * I'm not going out yet I'm waiting for the rain to stop search (a person/a place/a bag etc.) FOR : * I've searched (the house) for my keys but I still can't find them leave (a place) FOR (another place): * I haven't seen her since she left (home) for work this morning (not 'left to work') D Look for and look after look FOR (= search for, try to find): * I've lost my keys Can you help me to look for them? look AFTER (= take care of): * Albert is 85 and lives alone He needs somebody to look after him (not 'look for') * You can borrow this book if you promise to look after it @p265 EXERCISES 132.1 Put in the correct preposition If no preposition is needed, leave the space empty (-) I'm not going out yet I'm waiting _for_ the rain to Stop You're always asking me - money Ask somebody else for a change I've applied - a job at the factory I don't know if I'll get it If I want a job at the factory, who I apply -? I've searched everywhere - John but I haven't been able to find him I don't want to talk - what happened last night Let's forget it I don't want to discuss - what happened last night Let's forget it We had an interesting discussion - the problem but we didn't reach a decision We discussed - the problem but we didn't reach a decision 10 I don't want to go out yet I'm waiting - the post to arrive 11 Keith and Sonia are touring Europe They're in Rome at the moment, but tomorrow they leave - Venice 12 The roof of the house is in very bad condition I think we ought to something - it 13 We waited - Jim for half an hour but he never came 14 Tomorrow morning I have to catch a plane I'm leaving my house - the airport at 7.30 132.2 Complete the sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form) + preposition: apply ask leave look search talk wait Police are _searching for_ the man who escaped from prison We're still - a reply to our letter We haven't heard anything yet George likes his job but he doesn't - it much When I'd finished my meal, I - the waiter the bill Kate is unemployed She has - several jobs but she hasn't had any luck If something is wrong, why don't you - something it? Linda's car is very old but it's in excellent condition She - it well Diane is from Boston but now she lives in Paris She - Boston - Paris when she was 19 132.3 Put in the correct preposition after care If no preposition is needed, leave the space empty (-) He's very selfish He doesn't care _about_ other people Are you hungry? Would you care - something to eat? ... somebody/something is: in a line /in a row /in a queue /in a street in a photograph /in a picture/(look at yourself) in a mirror in the sky /in the world in a book /in a newspaper /in a magazine /in a letter... She got into the car and drove away * A bird flew into the kitchen through the window We sometimes use in (instead of into): * Don''t wait outside Come in the house (or Come into the house.) Note... birthday in for longer periods (for example, months/years/seasons): in October, in 1968, in the 18th century, in the past, in (the) winter, in the 1 970 s, in the Middle Ages, in (the) future B We use

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