Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học: "Tình trạng suy dinh dưỡng và các yếu tố liên quan ở trẻ em dưới 5 tuổi ở tỉnh Kon Tum năm 2008" pot

JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, Hue University, N0 61, 2010 MALNUTRITION STATUS AND RELATIVE FACTORS IN CHILDREN UNDER YEARS OLD IN KON TUM PROVINCE, 2008 Pham Thi Hai College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University SUMMARY In 2008, a study was conducted in a population of 1500 Children under years old and their mothers in Kon Tum Province using a cross-sectional method with two objectives: identify the malnutrition rate in children under years old in Kon Tum province, 2008 and find out the factors related to the malnutrition situation in children under years old in Kon tum province Results showed that the malnutrition rate was 30.2%, including 24.2% of malnutrition level I; 5.5% of level II and the remaining of level III In terms of relative factors of malnutrition in Children There are many different factors contributing to malnutrition such as low birthweight (< 2500 gram); children with a history of diarrhea and acute respiratory infections; mothers with low BMI (< less than 18.5); mothers with a poor diet and low weight of the mothers during pregnancy; low education level of the mothers; mother’ age from 36-49 when being pregnant; having a family of more than children; and low family income Other factors regarding breastfeeding and complementary feeding were: a complete lack of breastfeeding in the first six months of age; early weaning time (< 12 months); early initiation of complementary diet (< months); and a poor complementary diet consisting of only gruel with rice flour and salt The relationship between malnutrition in children and the factors such as breastfeeding time after giving birth, and mother’s occupation has not been found Key words: malnutrition, weight, height, breast milk, weaning, related Introduction Vietnam is not only internationally recognised in the effort to prevent malnutrition, but is also the sole country which has achieved success in reducing the acute malnutrition rate However, the malnutrition rate in children is still high, this is one of the barriers to the development and integration process of the country Kon Tum is a highland province in the northern central area The ethnic minority group makes up more than 54% of the population They often have low education levels and follow traditional customs For this reason, the high risk level of malnutrition in children here would be unavoidable Weight malnutrition rate in children under according to an investigation in 2007 was 31%, which was relatively high in 131 comparison with other provinces There is a considerable gap between this figure and the required target of national nutrition strategy to be reached by late 2010 Monitoring the annual malnutrition rate along with investigating and evaluating associated risk factors are important activities develop appropriate solutions for preventing malnutrition in the future As a result, we conduct the study: “Malnutrition status and relative factors in children under years old in Kon Tum province, 2008” Study objectives is to identify the malnutrition rate in Children under years old in Kon Tum province, 2008 and investigate the factors related to the malnutrition situation in Children under years old in Kon Tum province Methodology 2.1 Subjects and Research Time Study participants were all under 5-year-old children born from 01/11/2003 to 31/10/2008 and their mothers in Kon Tum The study was conducted between July 2008 and October 2008 in all suburban districts of the province 2.2 Research method: The study used a cross-sectional descriptive method 2.2.1 Sample size: The sample size is calculated based on the formula, as following: n  Z 2 / p(1  p) d2 Where: n: Number of researched children Confident interval: 95%, Z /2 =1,96 p: Estimated malnutrition rate, p = 31,5% is malnutrition rate of the year 2007 in Kon Tum3 d: Standard error, d = 0,25 Therefore, the minimum sample size is 1326 children Adding 15% for refusals and attrition, the study sample size is 1500 children 2.2.2 Selecting the sample: The study used a multi–stage random sampling method 2.2.3 Collecting data: - Children: date of birth, gender, birth-weight, breastfeeding status, 132 complementary diet, disease status, and anthropometric measurements - Mother: age, education level, occupation, ethnic group, family income, drinking and eating habit, number of children and anthropometric measurement 2.2.4 Collecting data techniques: - Identifying children under years of age: estimating their age based on the nearest month and year - Idetifying athropometric measurements: measuring weight and height as normal rule - Collect information about relative factors by directly interviewing mothers (or guardians) using a structured questionnaire 2.2.5 Indicators to evaluate nutritional status in children: Three anthropometric measurements are Weight-for-age, Height-for-age and Weight-for-height The study results were on the basis of reference data of the U.S National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS); A negative standard deviation (-2SD) is considered as malnutrition 2.3 Data analysis method: The study used EPI INFO and SPSS software to determine the malnutrition rate according to adjusted age and gender Test 2 was used to compare the indicators Results 3.1 Malnutrition rate: Table 3.1 Underweight- for-age malnutrition rate Age (month) n Number of Children Percentage % 0- < 12 332 42 12.7 12 - < 24 354 138 39.0 24- < 36 305 118 38.7 36- < 48 212 68 32.1 48- < 60 297 87 29.3 Total 1500 453 30.2 p