ĐỊA CHẤT DẦU KHÍ ( PETROLEUM GEOLOGY ) - CHƯƠNG 1 potx

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY PETROLEUM GEOLOGY ( ( Đ Đ Ị Ị A CH A CH Ấ Ấ T D T D Ầ Ầ U KH U KH Í Í ) ) • Mở Đầu • Chương 1: Nguồn gốc và tính chất dầu khí • Chương 2: Mỏ dầu khí • Chương 3: Bẫy dầu khí • Chương 4: Tầng chắn • Chương 5: Sự hình thành và di cư của HC • Chương 6: Môi trường ngầm • Chương 7: Bản đồ và mặt cắt tầng ngầm • Chươing 8: Cư trú của HC trong các bồn trầm tích • Chương 9: Công nghệ khoan-hoàn tất giếng và khai thác DK • Chương 10: Các phương pháp tìm kiếm thẩm lượng DK T T À À I LI I LI Ệ Ệ U THAM KH U THAM KH Ả Ả O O 1. Bài giảng địa chất dầu khí (Tiếng Anh), nguồn từ bộ 56 đĩa CD về dầu khí-IHRDC, Houston, USA. 2. Basic petroleum geology, Peter K. Link, OGCI publications (Oil and Gas Consultants International, Inc.), 1987, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA. 3. Petroleum Geology, F. K. North, 1990, Unwin Hyman Inc., London, UK. 4. Geochemistry in petroleum exploration, 1985, D. W. Waples, International Human Resources Development Coporation, Boston, USA • CÁC TẠP CHÍ ĐỊA CHẤT DẦU – Tạp chí dầu khí, Tổng công ty dầu khí Việt Nam; – American Association of petroleum geologist (AAPG); – Journal of petroleum geology (England) – The Australian petroleum exploration association (APEA) • CÁC TẠP CHÍ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN ĐỊA CHẤT DẦU – Tạp chí địa chất – Sedimentology (Trầm tích học) – Sedimentary geology (Địa chất trầm tích) – Journal of sedimentary petrology (Tạp chí thạch học TT) PHƯƠNG PH PHƯƠNG PH Á Á P TRUY P TRUY Ề Ề N Đ N Đ Ạ Ạ T & T & Đ Đ Á Á NH GI NH GI Á Á • PP TRUYỀN ĐẠT: 1. Ngôn ngữ: Tiếng Anh 2. Học liệu: – Bài giảng (DPF) – Tài liệu tham khảo: Sách, CD 3. Giáo viên trình bày các nội dung cốt lõi 4. Sinh viên tự nghiên cứu tài liệu, giải bài tập chương & các vấn đề cụ thể PHƯƠNG PH PHƯƠNG PH Á Á P TRUY P TRUY Ề Ề N Đ N Đ Ạ Ạ T & T & Đ Đ Á Á NH GI NH GI Á Á • PP ĐÁNH GIÁ • Bài tập, câu hỏi trên lớp (cuối mỗi chương) • Bài tập-thảo luận nhóm • Bài kiểm tra giữa kỳ • Thi cuối kỳ YÊU C YÊU C Ầ Ầ U U 1. Danh sách ban cán sự, ĐC-ĐT liên hệ 2. Phân nhóm: 04-05, nhóm trưởng 3. Khuyến khích mỗi người có E mail address riêng 4. Điểm danh (Ban CS lớp thực hiện) 5. Liên hệ: – Trần Văn Xuân- BM ĐCDK – ĐT: 0903 70 07 70 – E.mail: tvxuan@geopet.hcmut.edu.vn, xuangeopet@vnn.vn BEGINNING BEGINNING Historical Historical • Petroleum products have been used for at least 8000 years • Herodotus 450 BC – natural seeps • Egyptians – mummification/ Victorian medication • Ancient Greece everlasting flame in the sacred Oracle (thánh địa) at Delphi • Persian Temples built around natural gas sources Historical (cont) Historical (cont) • Early uses: – medication, waterproofing, warfare • Up to mid 19 th century: all oil produced from seeps, shallow pits and hand dug shafts • James Young: extracted oil from carboniferous shales, Scotland 1847: “oil-shales” • 1st Natural gas: Sichuan Province -China several thousand years ago – Bamboo tools and pipes – salt production • 1 st oil-seeking well = Pechelbronn, France, 1745 • 1 st well to produce oil: Oil creek, Pennsylvania by “Colonel” Drake The Demand for Oil Products The Demand for Oil Products • Increased greatly by WWI (1914-18) • By 1920 the oil industry dominated by the “seven sisters” • Post WWII, oil companies began to risk profits from one productive area to explore for another. • 1960: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) formed in Baghdad (Iraq) – Objective: control the power of the independent oil companies by price control & appropriation of company assets [...]... NĂM 2003 BảN Vẽ Số: 01 128 VIET NAM 01 15 .1 HO CHI MINH PHU QUY IS RUB Y T opaz B lack Lion CLJOC VUNG T AU 15 .2 1 6 -1 SOCO Bồn cửu long 1 6-2 CONOCO 25 17 Chom Chom Emerald JPVC 02 Rang Dong 09 13 0 B ach Ho 03 Rong 13 1 Na m Rong VIETSOVPETRO 04.2 18 04 .1 10 13 2 B Cau o 26 CON SON IS VIETSOVPETRO 1 1- 1 19 Dai B ang - Ung T rang 04.3 05.1AMang 13 3 05.1C 27 05.1B Moc Tinh Rong Doi KNOC 12 W 12 E 28 T hanh Long... Long 05.2 05.3 Rong Vi Da i Rong Bay 1 1- 2 20 T hien Nga Cau Hai Au Da i Hung Ca Cho AEDC BP CONOCO Hai T hach 13 4 Kim Cuong T ay Lan Do 0 5 -1 Lan T ay 21 129 PET RONAS BP CONOCO 13 5 Bồn Nam Côn sơn 07 13 29 22 - Cấu tạo triển vọng - Mỏ dầu 13 6 Kí hiệu - Mỏ khí - Mỏ dầu - khí The science of petroleum geology Chemistry Geochemistry is a major component of petroleum geology Detailed knowledge of the mineralogical... ray-light Evidence of carbon isotopes EVIDENCE OF CARBON ISOTOPES Delta values ( 13 C) Carbon of mantle derivation -2 to -2 0 (Magmatic rocks, volganic gas, diamonds, and carbon in precambrian rocks or in meteorites) Carbon in organism or organic matter -1 5 to -3 0 Marine plants and invertebrates (no bone) -1 2 to -3 0 Land plants, coal and soil humus -2 3 to -2 8 Crude oils -2 2 to -3 6 Associated petroleum. .. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CRUDE OIL (Cont) Oil at the surface tends to be more viscous, most oils are less dense than water: generally measured as the difference between its density and that of water The specific gravity of crude oil generally ranges from 0.780 (5 00 API) to 1. 000 (1 00 API); 14 1.5 - 13 1.5 API = SG 60/60F Thus light oils have API < 10 (! ! !) The physical and chemical properties of... behind as an insoluble organic residue Figure 1 Requirements for Petroleum Accumulation Five factors, therefore, are the critical risks to petroleum accumulation (Figure 2): (1 ) a mature source rock, (2 ) a migration path connecting source rock to reservoir rock, (3 ) a reservoir rock that is both porous and permeable, (4 ) a trap, and (5 ) an impermeable seal If any one of these factors is missing or... Table 1, shows the average composition of petroleum in all three of its natural states of matter, as natural gas, liquid crude oil and solid or semi-solid asphalt AVERAGE COMPARISION OF CRUDE OIL, NATURAL GAS, ASPHALT Element Crude oil Asphalt Natural gas % Weight % Weight % Weight Carbon82.2 87 .1 80 85 65 80 Hydrogen 11 .7 14 .7 8.5 11 1 25 Sulfur 0 .1 5.5 28 trace 0.2 Nitrogen 0.5 1. 5 02 1 15 ... sedimentary basins have proved productive, (Huff, 19 8 0) and typically only a fraction of 1% of the petroleum basin's area, and at most 5% to 10 %, is actually prospective (Weeks, 19 7 5) Figure 2 PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY (self reading in Petroleum geochemistry) Strictly speaking, hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only two elements, hydrogen and carbon Consequently, petroleum is quite simple in its elemental... Requirements for Petroleum Accumulation (cont) Even where the organic matter can become mature, not all of it becomes petroleum In a typical example (Figure 1) a normal marine shale with only 1% original organic matter will have less than a third of it converted to the hydrocarbon molecules that make up oil and natural gas (Waples, 19 8 1) The rest remains behind as an insoluble organic residue Figure 1 Requirements... method, proposed by Tissot and Welte (1 97 8) plots paraffins, naphthenes and the combination of aromatic and NSO compounds as three axes of a triangular graph and divides the graph into fields that represent six crude oil classes (Figure 1)  Most normal crude oils fall within only three of these fields They can be either: (1 ) rich in paraffins (paraffinic oil); (2 ) they can have nearly equal amounts... science of petroleum geology (cont) Biology Study of fossil life: Palaeontology contributes Dating/ stratigraphic characterization Environmental characterization (fossil environments, palaeoecology) Biochemistry: transformation of plant and animal tissues into kerogen and through to oil and gas CHAPTER 1 ORIGIN & PROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBON THE ORIGIN OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON REQUIREMENTS FOR PETROLEUM . Hung 04.3 05.1B 05.1C 05.1A 04.2 04 .1 132 13 1 0303 13 1 13 0 12 9 12 8 13 12 W 12 E 22 21 20 Bồn Nam Côn sơn Rong Vi Dai Rong Doi Rong Bay 1 1-2 1 1 -1 19 Ca Cho VIETSOVPETRO KNOC 18 17 Chom Chom Nam Rong Rong Bach. PETROLEUM GEOLOGY PETROLEUM GEOLOGY ( ( Đ Đ Ị Ị A CH A CH Ấ Ấ T D T D Ầ Ầ U KH U KH Í Í ) ) • Mở Đầu • Chương 1: Nguồn gốc và tính chất dầu khí • Chương 2: Mỏ dầu khí • Chương 3: Bẫy dầu khí •. association (APEA) • CÁC TẠP CHÍ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN ĐỊA CHẤT DẦU – Tạp chí địa chất – Sedimentology (Trầm tích học) – Sedimentary geology ( ịa chất trầm tích) – Journal of sedimentary petrology (Tạp chí thạch