CONDITIONAL SENTENSES I. If Clauses : có 3 loại câu điều kiện : TYPE IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE 1. Future possible S + V 0 / V S/ES ( Be -> am/ is/ are ) S + Will + V O Shall Can May 2. Present unreal S + Ved/ V 2 ( Be -> were ) S + Would + Vo Should Could Might 3. Past unreal S + Had + Ved /V 3 S + Would + Have + Ved / V 3 Should Could Might If . . . not = Unless ( nếu . . . không, trừ phi ) EX: - If he takes my advice, everything can go well. - I wouldn’t do that if I were you. - If I had known your address, I would have written you a letter. - She will be late unless she starts at once. II. Wish : có 3 loại điều ước : TYPE S’ + ( WISH ) + . . . ADVERBS 1. Điều ước ở hiện tại S + Ved / V2 ( Be -> were ) Now, right now, today. . . 2. Điều ước ở quá khứ S + Had + Ved / V3 Yesterday, ago, last . . . 3. Điều ước ở tương lai S + Would + Vo Could Tomorrow, next, in the future. . . EX: - I wish today were Sunday. - Tom wished he had seen the football match on T.V last night. - I can’t speak English well. I wish I could speak English well. Sentence Transformation : 1. + Qui tắc: - Không thay đổi thì. - Chỉ thay đổi ở mệnh đề IF / UNLESS: phủ định khẳng định . EX a- If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife. Unless b- Unless you like this one, I’ll bring you another. If c- He would cause an accident if he didn’t drive carefully. Unless d- You would have lost all of your money unless you hadn’t invested it wisely. If 2. Vo + O . . . or S + Will + Vo If you + don’t Vo, S + Will + Vo Unless you + Vo , S + Will + Vo IF UNLESS + Chú ý : Dạng này chỉ dùng ở câu điều kiện loại 1. EX: a- Ask him first or he won’t offer to help Unless b- Take an umbrella with you or you’ll be caught in the rain on the way back. If c- Be calm or you make a wrong decision. Unless If 3. Cho một sự thật ở hiện tại -> Dùng câu điều kiện loại 2 viết lại câu trái với sự thật ở hiện tại: + Qui tắc: - Thay đổi thì ( hiện tại đơn -> quá khứ đơn ) - Viết lại câu trái nghĩa với câu cho trứơc ở cả hai mệnh đề:Phủ định Khẳng định. a. EX: - He is too old, so he can’t apply for the job. If Ex:- I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up. If b. EX: - Susan is overweight because she eats too much chocolate. If - We get lost because we don’t have a map. If 4.Cho sự thật ở quá khứ -> Dùng câu điều kiện loại 3 viết lại câu trái với sự thật ở quá khứ: + Qui tắc: - Thay đổi thì ( quá khứ đơn -> quá khứ hoàn thành ). - Víêt lại câu trái nghĩa với câu cho trước ở cả hai mệnh đề : Phủ định Khẳng định. a. EX: a- I didn’t see it with my own eyes, so I didn’t believe it. If b- I didn’t know his address, so I couldn’t contact him. If I S + s.present + O , so S + future/ present + O ->If + S + Ved/ V 2 + O , S + Would + Vo + O ( Were ) Could S + future/ present + O because S + s.present + O If + S + Ved/ V2 + O , S + Would + Vo + O ( Were) Could S + Simple past + O , so + S + Simple past + O -> If + S + Had + Ved/ V 3 + O , S + Would + Have + Ved/ V 3 + O b. EX : -The hens got into the house because she didn’t shut the door. If 5. Wish Sentences: + Qui tắc: - Thay đổi thì: Hiện tại đơn -> quá khứ đơn. Quá khứ đơn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành. Tương lai đơn -> Would / Could. - Viết lại câu trái nghĩa với câu ban đầu: Phủ định __ Khẳng định. - Bỏ “I’m sorry” hoặc “What a pity” ( nếu có). EX: Present wish: a- I’m sorry I don’t get good marks. I wish b- What a pity Mary doesn’t understand me. I wish c- I’m bad at English. I wish Past wish: a- What a pity my girl friend didn’t go to my birthday party. I wish b- Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job. Nam now wishes that Future wish: a- I’m sorry I can’t speak English fluently. I wish b- My sister won’t come here. I wish ________________________________________________________________________________ EXERCISE I. IF -> UNLESS: 1. If he doesn’t take more care, he’ll have an accident. -> Unless . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… . 2. The crops will be ruined if it doesn’t rain soon. -> Unless . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Unless the weather is fine, we’ll stay at home. -> If . . . . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. I can’t go with you unless I get my work finished. -> If . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. If you don’t leave on the 15 th , you’ll get home late for your mother’s party. -> Unless . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. Tom never does anything unless his father tells him what to do. -> If . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… S + Simple past + O because + S + simple past + O -> If + S + Had + Ved/ V3 + O , S + Would + Have + Ved/ V3 + O 7. Don’t take this job if you don’t really want it. -> Unless . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. If she does nothing to prepare for the test, she will get bad marks. -> Unless . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. You can’t visit the United States unless you get a visa. -> If . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. Unless you remember our address, you can find it in the phone book. -> If . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… II. Vo … + O or S + WILL + Vo -> IF YOU + DON’T Vo … , S + WILL + Vo -> UNLESS YOU + Vo … , S + WILL + Vo 1. Do your exercises or you will fail the exam. If Unless 2. Save some money or you won’t able to buy the house. If 3. Behave yourself or your parents will be very unhappy. Unless 4. Do it carefully or you’ll feel sorry afterwards. If 5. Ask him first or he won’t offer to help. If 6. Be calm or you’ll make a wrong decision. Unless 7. Be careful or you’ll cut yourself with that knife. If III. FACT IN THE PRESENT - > IF CLAUSE ( TYPE 2) 1. My brother doesn’t buy that car because he doesn’t have enough money. If………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………. 2. We don’t go out because it rains. If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 3. I don’t know his address, so I can’t contact him. If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 4. It’s too cold so we can’t go swimming. If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 5. The exercises are very difficult so I can’t finish in fifteen minutes. If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 6. She can’t go to the meeting because she is busy. If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 7. Because I don’t meet her, I don’t give her your letter. If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 8. They are too slow, they can’t win the mach. If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 9. She is too weak, she can’t take any exercise. If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. 10. People don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly. If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………. IV. FACT IN THE PAST -> IF CLAUSE ( TYPE 3) 1. I didn’t watch T.V last night because I was busy. -> If . . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………. 2. I didn’t see the signal,so I didn’t stop. -> If . . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………. 3. We got lost because we didn’t have a map. -> If . . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………. 4. We stayed up late last night and we were so tired. -> If . . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………. 5. He wasn’t able to answer the questions, so he failed the exam. -> If . . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………. 6. One of the reason I didn’t phone you was that I was very busy. -> If . . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………. 7. Unfortunately, I didn’t have an umbrella and so I got wet in the rain. -> If . . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………. 8. Peter was very nervous and failed the driving test. -> If . . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………. 9. I didn’t take a taxi because I didn’t have any money on me. -> If . . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………. 10. Without a visa, she couldn’t have come to that country. -> If . . ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………. V. FACT -> WISH 1. I’m sorry I don’t have much money. I wish 2. What a pity I missed an exciting football match on T.V last night. I wish 3. What a pity Mary doesn’t understand me. I wish 4. I’m sorry I can’t speak English fluently. I wish 5. My friends don’t take part in the game. I wish 6. I’m sorry I get bad marks. I wish 7. What a pity the weather isn’t find today. I wish 8. What a pity I missed an exciting football match on T.V last night. I wish 9. I haven’t enough money to buy this book. I wish 10. I’m afraid he won’t get over his illness soon. I wish 11. I live in a big city, but I don’t like it. I wish 12. I can’t take the trip to Hanoi with her next summer. I wish 13. Mary is afraid she won’t be able to attend your wedding next week. I wish 14. I’m sorry I didn’t finish my homework. I wish 15. Tom bought the second- hand car. I wish 16. She won’t come with me. I wish 17. Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job. 18. Nam wishes 19. I regret that you didn’t give me a chance to tell the truth. 20. I wish you had given 21. He is sorry now that he didn’t invite Molly to his party. I wish 22. Daisy didn’t go swimming with me. I wish . CONDITIONAL SENTENSES I. If Clauses : có 3 loại câu điều kiện : TYPE IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE 1.