jointly optimizing a twostep conditional random field model

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... what to avoid: ߜ The spam approach. Avoid companies that contact you in a spammy way. Nearly everyone owning a domain has received a truckload of e-mail from companies claiming that they’ve already ... stories Yahoo!, eBay, Amazon, and Google, whose domain names (and company names) have little contextual meaning. If you own technology or a business model as groundbreaking and earth-shaking as each ... terrific program, but it’s a separate marketing campaign than basic site optimization. Certain online marketing companies specialize in consulting or operating AdWords campaigns, and they are discussed...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 08:20

... Solutions may include: Replicate the database on the local client computer using MSDE, and then upload the new information to the main SQL Server database daily. Create a separate database and table ... timesheets are queried by last name to run several reports and queries. This situation has been identified as a performance problem by the database administrators, and they are requesting a fix as ... that only accept timesheet data. Replicate this data to the main database as needed. 5. Management must be able to run reports even if the rest of the system is unavailable. Solutions can...

Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 09:20

... static variations for a single dynamically-generated page. If you are generating pages dynamically to provide frequently updated data, consider redesigning your application so that it generates ... high. A value from 0 through 20 is preferred. A value greater than 80 indicates insufficient random access memory (RAM). Memory: Available Bytes The amount of physical memory available to ... (HTML) pages, or Web applications, have much higher overhead than static HTML pages, their performance has a significant impact on Web server capacity. By monitoring applications and estimating...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 10:20

... capacitative (AC) electrical coupling model in neuroepithelium Masayuki Yamashita Department of Physiology I, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan Structural organization of intracellular Ca 2+ stores ... nucleoplasm. Capacitative electrical coupling of Ca 2+ release M. Yamashita 294 FEBS Journal 277 (2010) 293–299 ª 2009 The Author Journal compilation ª 2009 FEBS 22 Ueno M, Katayama K, Yamauchi H, Nakayama ... Yamashita, Department of Physiology I, Nara Medical University, Shijo-cho 840, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan Fax: +81 744 29 0306 Tel: +81 744 29 8827 E-mail: yama@naramed-u.ac.jp (Received 23 March...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... models that are discrimi- native, that are trained on as large a dataset as pos- sible, and that have a very large number of param- eters but are regularized (Halevy et al., 2009). When evaluating ... above. 3 Conditional random fields A linear-chain conditional random field (Lafferty et al., 2001) is a way to use a log-linear model for the sequence prediction task. We use the bar notation for ... the dataset us- ing PATGEN, and then hyphenate the remaining 10% of the dataset using Liang’s algorithm and the learned pattern file. The PATGEN tool has many user-settable pa- rameters. As is...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... Smith and J. Eisner. 2005. Contrastive estimation: Training log-linear models on unlabeled data. In ACL. Martin Szummer and Tommi Jaakkola. 2002. Partially labeled classification with markov random ... and T. Darrell. 2007. Hidden-state conditional random fields. In PAMI. H. Raghavan, O. Madani, and R. Jones. 2006. Active learning with feedback on both features and instances. JMLR. R. Salakhutdinov, ... accuracy with the addition of lower cost unlabeled data. Tradi- tional approaches to semi-supervised learning are applied to cases in which there is a small amount of fully labeled data and a...

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... com- pression tasks achieved a significant com- pression rate without any loss. 1 Introduction There has been an increase in available N -gram data and a large amount of web-scaled N-gram data has been ... Communication Science Laboratories 2-4 Hikaridai Seika-cho Soraku-gun Kyoto 619-0237 Japan {taro,tsukada,isozaki}@cslab.kecl.ntt.co.jp Abstract Efficient processing of tera-scale text data is an important ... the ACL-IJCNLP 2009 Conference Short Papers, pages 341–344, Suntec, Singapore, 4 August 2009. c 2009 ACL and AFNLP A Succinct N-gram Language Model Taro Watanabe Hajime Tsukada Hideki Isozaki NTT...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... value and the Model 1 translation probability as real-valued features for each candidate pair, as well as a normalised score 67 criminative model on a corpus of ten thousand word aligned Arabic-English ... Statistical phrase- based translation. In Proceedings of HLT-NAACL, pages 81–88, Edmonton, Alberta. J. Lafferty, A. McCallum, and F. Pereira. 2001. Conditional random fields: Probabilistic models for ... is a strong alignment candidate. The sum of these scores is also used as a feature. Each source word and POS tag pair are used as indicator features which allow the model to learn particular...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:21

... a feature. All the feature functions are real-valued and can use adja- cent label information. Semi-CRFs are actually a restricted version of order-L CRFs in which all the labels in a chunk are the ... apply semi-CRFs to Named Entity Recognition tasks with a tractable computational cost. Our framework can handle an NER task that has long named entities and many labels which increase the computational cost. ... 2006. c 2006 Association for Computational Linguistics Improving the Scalability of Semi-Markov Conditional Random Fields for Named Entity Recognition Daisuke Okanohara† Yusuke Miyao† Yoshimasa Tsuruoka...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... translation, we develop a discriminative or- der model. An advantage of such a model is that we can easily combine different kinds of features (such as syntax-based and surface-based), and that ... Distortion models for statistical machine translation. In ACL. D. Chiang. 2005. A hierarchical phrase-based model for statis- tical machine translation. In ACL. M. Collins. 2000. Discriminative reranking ... inference and train- ing of context-rich syntactic translation models. In ACL. P. Koehn. 2004. Pharaoh: A beam search decoder for phrase- based statistical machine translation models. In AMTA. R....

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... Dis- criminative log-linear grammars with latent variables. In NIPS. Adwait Ratnaparkhi. 1997. A linear observed time sta- tistical parser based on maximum entropy models. In EMNLP 2, pages 1–10. Andreas ... in discriminative parsing. In ACL 44, pages 873–880. Joseph Turian, Ben Wellington, and I. Dan Melamed. 2007. Scalable discriminative learning for natural lan- guage parsing and translation. In Advances ... Petrov, Leon Barrett, Romain Thibaux, and Dan Klein. 2006. Learning accurate, compact, and in- terpretable tree annotation. In ACL 44/COLING 21, pages 433–440. Slav Petrov, Adam Pauls, and Dan Klein....

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... is part of the Lancaster Treebank corpus and contains 1473 sentences. Each sentence con- tains hand-labeled syntactic roles for natural lan- guage text. A. 200 A. 400 A. 600 A. 800 A. 1000 A. 1200 A. 1400 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.94 B.200 B.400 B.600 B.800 B.1000 B.1200 B.1400 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.94 F C.200 C.400 C.600 C.800 C.1000 C.1200 C.1400 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.94 F Figure ... different model on the Lan- caster Treebank data set. The models used in this evaluation were trained with observation data from the Lancaster Treebank training set. The training set and testing set are ... modified hidden Markov model Lin-Yi Chou University of Waikato Hamilton New Zealand lc55@cs.waikato.ac.nz Abstract This paper explores techniques to take ad- vantage of the fundamental difference...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... nominal attributes can have one of a (user-defined) closed set of possible values. The data model also supports associative relations between markables: Markable set relations associate arbitrarily many markables with ... with a capital letter. Markables are the carriers of the actual annota- tion information. They can be queried by means of string matching and by means of attribute-value combinations. A markable ... in a separate file. If these principles are observed, annotation data management (incl. level addition, removal and replacement, but also conver- sion into and from other formats) is greatly facili- tated. The...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... (6) Rather than using mutual information as a measure of collocational strength, we used unigram, bigram and joint probabilities. A model that includes both joint probability and the unigram probabilities ... Computational Linguistics. J. Lafferty, A. McCallum, and F. Pereira. 2001. Conditional random fields: Probabilistic models for segmenting and labeling sequence data. In Proc. of 18th International ... phonological variables, which capture aspects of rhythm and tim- ing that affect accentuation. 4.1 Syntactic variables The only syntactic category we used was a four- way classification for hand-generated part of speech (POS):...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22