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PASSIVE VOICE Active: S + V + O Passive: S + Be + PP( V 3 ed ) + by + O ( tense ) EX: My father planted this tree last year. This tree was planted by my father last year. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Simple Present Tense Active: S + V( s/es ) + O Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by + O EX: He reads books every day. Books are read (by him) every day. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Present Continuous Tense Active: S + am/is/are + V-ing + O Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP + by + O EX: He is writing a novel at the moment. A novel is being written (by him) at the moment. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Present Perfect Tense Active: S + Has/Have + V 3 ed + O Passive: S + has/have + been +PP + by + O EX: He has just finished a novel. A novel has just been finished (by him). TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Simple Past Tense Active: S + V 2 ed + O Passive: S + wa s/were + PP + by + O EX: He gave Tom a book. A book wa s given to Tom (by him). Tom was given a book (by him). TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Past Continuous Tense Active: S + was/were + V-ing + O Passive: S + wa s/were + being + PP + by + O EX: He was writing a letter at 8.00 yesterday. A letter was being written (by him). TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Past Perfect Tense Active: S + had + V 3 ed + O Passive: S + had + been + PP + by + O EX: He had finished his homework before 8.00 yesterday. His homework had been finished (by him) before 8.00 yesterday. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Simple Future Tense Active: S + will/shall + V + O Passive: S + will /shall + be + PP + by + O EX: He will finish the homework. The homework will be finished. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Future Continuous Tense Active: S + will/shall + be + V-ing + O Passive: S + will /shall + be + being + PP + by + O EX: Tom will be cooking lunch at 10.00 tomorrow. Lunch will be being cooked by Tom at 10.00 tomorrow. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Future Perfect Tense Active: S + will/shall + have + V 3 ed + O Passive: S + will /shall + have + been + PP + by + O EX: By the end of next week, he will have written 10 letters to her. By the end of next week, 10 letters will have been written to her. [...]... Tom OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE Verbs of liking/loving/wanting/wishing + Object + infinitive form their passive with the passive infinitive Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2 Passive: S + V + O + To Be + PP EX: He wants someone to take photographs He wants photographs to be taken Such verbs as “have/let/make/hear/see/watch/feel/ observe” are used in the following passive structure:... (BI) Passive: S + To Be + PP + to-Infinitive EX: The gravity makes things drop down Things are made to drop down by the gravity Note: The verb following “let” does not bear “to” in the passive sentence OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE With advise/beg/order/recommend/urge + Indirect Object + Infinitive + Object, we have two ways of making the passive voice Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive... + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2 Passive: S + To Be + PP + to-infinitive + O2 EX: He urged the Council to reduce the tax The Council was urged to reduce the tax OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE With advise/beg/order/recommend/urge + Indirect Object + infinitive + Object, we have two ways of making the passive voice Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2 Passive: S1 + V + that + S2 +... that the tax should be reduced OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS AFTER THE PASSIVE VERB After acknowledge/assume/believe/claim/ consider /estimate/feel/find/know/report/ say/think /understand …, we use the infinitive construction Simple Infinitive: if the time in the infinitive passive is the same as that of the main active verb Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O) Passive: It + To Be + PP + that +... GERUND COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE Active: S + V + O + V-ing Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O EX: I remembered my father taking me to the zoo I remember being taken to the zoo by my father Active: S + V + To-inf + O Passive: S + V + To Be + PP + by + O EX: She started to learn English 5 years ago English started to be learnt 5 years ago Active: S + V + V-ing + O Passive: S + V + Being + PP +...MODAL VERBS (MV) IN PASSIVE VOICE Modal Verbs can be used in either the present or past forms Active: S + MV (not) + V + O Passive: S + MV (not) + Be + PP + by + O EX: We can’t solve this problem This problem can’t be solved PASSIVE VOICE WITH CAUSATIVE FORM Active: S + Has/Have + O1 + V (BI)+ O2 S + Get + O1 + V (to-infinitive) + O2 Passive: S + Has/Have/Get + O2 + PP EX: My... Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O) Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to have + PP + (O) EX: People say that he was jealous of her He is said to have been jealous of her OTHER GERUND COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE With advise/insist/propose/recommend /suggest + Gerund + Object Active: S + V + V-ing + O Passive: S + V + that + S + should be + PP EX: He recommended using bullet-proof glass He recommended that... said that he was jealous of her Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O) Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to + V+ (O) EX: People said that he was jealous of her He was said to be jealous of her Perfect Infinitive: if the time in the infinitive passive is earlier than that of the main active verb Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O) Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S2 + V2 + (O) EX: People say that he... + by + O EX: She started to learn English 5 years ago English started to be learnt 5 years ago Active: S + V + V-ing + O Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O EX: She started learning English 5 years ago English started being learnt 5 years ago . COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE Verbs of liking/loving/wanting/wishing + Object + infinitive form their passive with the passive infinitive. Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2 Passive: S +. the passive sentence. OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE With advise/beg/order/recommend/urge + Indirect Object + Infinitive + Object, we have two ways of making the passive voice. <1>Active:. are read (by him) every day. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Present Continuous Tense Active: S + am/is/are + V-ing + O Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP + by + O EX: He is