Infinitive with to: ta dùng To-infinitive trong các trường hợp sau:a.. Infinitive without to: ta dùng trong các trường hợp sau.. Note: Khi động từ make được dùng trong câu bị động, nó ph
Trang 1Revision UNIT 1: A DAY IN THE LIFE OF…
I Put the verbs in brackets in the present and the past simple tense:
1 I (have) _ coffee for breakfast every day
2 They (begin) _his school 7 years ago
3 It (rain) the summer
4 Bad students never (work) _ hard
5 He (visit) his friend yesterday and (find) that he had been out
II.Choose the best answer.
1 All the teachers _ him because he is well-behaved
2 She was listening to some music when she suddenly _ a siren
3 She looked in her mirror an ambulance behind her
4 She immediately her car to the side of the road and waited for the ambulance to pass
5 I was late for school this morning because my alarm clock didn’t
6 He often _ to work by car everyday but today he by bus
7 Mr Lam goes to work on foot once a week It means he walks to work
8 When I was a child, I usually fishing with my brother
9 We _ dinner at home on Saturdays
10 He’s not really interested in on the farm
11 My sister went to Ha Nội _
12 It _ me fifteen minutes to get to school every morning
13 What _ to you yesterday morning?
14 We were watching TV when the lights _ out
15 He _the piano everyday
16 Maria _a cold
17 Jill always up at 5:30 a.m
18 When the teacher _ the room, the students were talking
19 Mrs Reed _on the radio in her car while she was driving home yesterday
Trang 2a was turning b turning c turned d turns
20 She was listening to some music when she suddenly a siren
UNIT 2: SCHOOL TALKS
GRAMMAR:
A WH – QUESTIONS
B GERUND – TO-INFINITIVE AND BARE INFINITIVE
I Gerund:
1 Definition: Gerund is verb ending with “ing” and has functions as a noun, a subject, an object, complement … (2 Functions:
a Subject of a sentence:
Ex: Playing tennis is fun
S (gerund phrase)
Walking is good exercise
S (gerund)
b Subject complement:
Ex: My hobby is singing
be C
c Object of a verb:
(enjoy/ finish/ mind/ practise/ avoid/ admit/ miss/ postpone/ consider/ quit/ delay/ like/ love/ hate/ deny / detest/ dislike/ imagine/ involve/ risk / spend/ waste/ …)
Ex: She enjoys playing tennis V O
d Object of a preposition
Ex: He’s excited about playing tennis
Prep O
e Go+ V-ing: → recreational activities
Go fishing/ shopping/ swimming/ dancing/ boating/ bowling/ sightseeing/ camping
Ex: I always go fishing at weekend
f After some expressions
- can’t bear, can’t face, can’t stand, can’t help, feel like, …
- It’s no use/good + V-ing sth.:
- There’s no point in + V-ing sth.:
- It’s (not) worth + V-ing sth.:
Ex1 : I can’t help seeing him
Ex2: It’s not use helping lazy people
Notes: - (start, begin, continue, intend, …+ Ving/ To V)
eg She starts to study/ studying French
II Infinitive:
Trang 31 Infinitive with to: ta dùng To-infinitive trong các trường hợp sau:
a V + to + V (sau một số động từ như afford, agree, appear, arrange, attempt, ask, choose, decide, demand,
determine, expect, fail, happen, hesitate (do dự), hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, pretend (giả vơ)ø, promise, refuse, resolve (quyết tâm), seem, threaten, want, wish, would like)
eg: He agreed to help me
b V + O + to + V:
- advise sb (not) to do sth = advise + V-ing + sth
- allow sb to do sth = allow + V-ing + sth
- invite sb to do sth
- permit sb to do sth = permit + V-ing + sth
- persuade sb to do sth Thuyết phục ai làm gì
- remind sb to do sth
- tell sb (not) to do sth
- warn sb (not) to do sth
eg: The tourist guide advised us to see the old tower
c S + to be + adj + (for sb) + to + V … = To + V… +to be + adj
eg: His explanations were difficult to understand
= To understand his explanations were difficult
d To-infinitive is used in these sentences to express a purpose
eg: He saved money to/ in order to/ so as to buy a car
e V + wh + to + V…
eg: He taught me how to play the game
2 Infinitive without to: ta dùng trong các trường hợp sau.
a After modal verbs MV + bare infinitive (can, could, do, does, will, shall, did, may, must, should, ought to, would
rather, had better …)
eg: She doesn’t know where to go
b S + make/ let/ have + O + V(without to)
eg: Why don’t you let him go?
Note: Khi động từ make được dùng trong câu bị động, nó phải được theo sau bằng “to-infinitive”
c Infinitive without to after verbs of sensation (động từ chỉ giác quan)
S + see/hear/watch/notice/find/feel + O + V(without to)
eg: I saw that man take your bike
Note: Các động từ trên cũng được theo sau bằng V-ing với ý nghĩa “nghe hoặc thấy ai đang làm gì”
EXERCISES:
Exercise 1: Make question for the following sentences:
1 They do their homework at night (when)
2 Mr Robertson came to the party alone (who)
3 I like the red blouse, not the blue one (which)
4 She felt better after she took a nap (how
5 She talked to him for an hour (how long)
6 My parents have two cars (how many)
7 I don’t get up early because I like to sleep late (why)
8 We have an English class every day (how often)
9 They like to dance on weekends (what)
10 The club is not far from their house (where)
11 Their favourite kind of music is Latin Jazz (what)
12 The train arrived at ten o’clock (what time)
Trang 4Exercise 2: Complete sentences, using gerund, infinitive with to and infinitive without to.
1 It’s obvious he’s only interested in (make) money
2 Anne couldn’t find a taxi so I offered (drive) her to the station
3 I managed (book) two seats on the morning flight
4 I promise (send) you our new brochure as soon as it’s available
5 Peter was delighted (meet) a former colleague at the conference
6 I avoid (take) the car whenever possible, especially in big cities
7 My father hates (wear) a tie to work
8 We can’t afford (take) a vacation this summer
9 The company was pleased (receive) your thank-you letter
10 Would you mind (open) a window?
III Reorder the words to make sentences.
5 children/ household/ young/ with/ tasks/ enjoy/ helping
6 you/ letter/ forget/ post/ gave/ don’t/ the/ I / to
7 Mr Ha/ about/ traveling/ does/ worry/ son’s/ why/ his?
IV Rewrite the following sentences, beginning with the words given.
8 Peter wishes he had attended Mary’s birthday party
Peter regrets not
9 He wants to learn a foreign language He’s interested in it
He’s interested in
10 Phong rides a bike to school every day
Phong goes
UNIT 3: PEOPLE’S BACKGOUND
I THE PAST PERFECT
1 Form:
• Affirmative:
• Negative:
• Interrogative:
2 Usage:
_ To express an activity that was completed before another activity or time in the past
Ex1: We had lived in Hue before 1975
Ex2: My friend had already left when I got there
Note: Identify which action happened first, we use the past perfect tense for the action first and the past simple tense for the latter action (Phải xác định hành động nào xảy ra trước và đã hoàn tất ta chia ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành, hành động nào xảy ra sau ta chia ở quá khứ đơn)
Action 1 Action 2 now
x x
3 Conjunctions of time:
1 When, As, As soon as
2 After:
Ex: After my friend had left, we got there
S + had + V 3 / -ED
S + had not (hadn’t) + V 3 /- ED
Had + S + V 3 /-ED? Yes, S + had
No, S + hadn’t
After + S + had + V 3/-ED, S + V 2/-ED
Trang 53 Before:
Ex: Before we got there, my friend had left
4 By the time:
Ex: My parents had eaten dinner by the time I got home
5 Until:
Ex: I had never heard about it until yesterday
EXERCISES.
Supply the correct form of the verbs in simple past or past perfect
1 Yesterday John (go) to the store before he (go) home
2 Our teacher (tell) _us that he (visit) _ London in 1970
3 When John and I got to the theatre, the movie (start) already
4 After they had gone, I (sit) down and (rest)
5 It was the first time I (ever see) such a beautiful girl
6 Before she (watch) TV, she (do) her homework
7 He (ask) why we (come) so early
8 They told me they (not, eat) such kind of food before
9 What (be) he when he (be) young
10 They (go) home after they (finish) their homework
II Rewrite the sentences below, beginning with the words given
1 We had dinner, and then we went to the concer.=.> After
2 Kate took two aspirins, and then she felt a lot of better =>After
3 Sheila went out for the evening, but first she washed her hair =>Before
UNIT 4: SPECIAL EDUCATION
I THE + ADJECTIVE (=COMMON NOUN)
Ex: The rich should help the poor
II USE TO – BE /GET USED TO + V-ING
IV WHICH AS A CONNECTOR
Rewrite the sentences:
1 People today put on TV or in newspapers This makes it possible to produce more things to sell
(using which connector)
2 Tim has found a new job That is lucky (using which connector)
3 She came to work on time That pleased her boss (using which connector)
4 They no longer play tennis (using used to)
5 I don’t go to the church every Sunday any longer (using used to)
6 We need to provide more shelters for people who are without place to live (using the + adj)
7 People with severe disabilities need full-time care (using the + adj)
8 People was injured in the accident yesterday was taken to hospital immediately.(using the + adj)
9 People do not have enough to eat should be helped (using the + adj)
10 People no longer travel on foot (using used to )
UNIT 5: TECHNOLOGY AND YOU
GRAMMAR
I THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
II THE PRESENT PERFECT PASSIVE
Before + S + V 2/-ED, S + had + V 3/-ED
Trang 6Exercise 1: Fill SINCE or FOR in the blankets.
1 My sister has been a student two years
2 We’ve lived here 1999
3 I haven’t seen Linh my birthday party
4 She’s been away five days
5 We’ve already waited a year
6 They have only been there a few minutes
7 We haven’t had any rain _ a very long time
8 That building has been there _ the 19th century
9 I have known them many years
10 My brother works for a company called FPT He has worked for them _ he graduated from university
Exercise 2: Give the correct forms of the verbs.
1 Their parents went abroad two years ago They (look after) _by their grandmother since then
2 I can’t go with you as I (not finish) _ my homework
3 “Your guest already (come) _” “I know.”
4 The book that I need (not return) _
5 What do you think of my French? Do you think it (improve) _?
Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences, using relative pronouns (who, that, which).
1 This is the book I bought it at the bookstore
2 Do you know the man? They are talking about him
3 Mr Brown is coming today He teaches me French
4 I don’t like the stories They have unhappy endings
5 The dress doesn’t fit Mary well She bought it
Exercise 4: Change into the passive voice.
1 Somebody has stolen my bike
2 They have postponed the class meeting
3 They have built a school near our house
4 Has somebody informed Lan of the change?
5 They haven’t finished their assignments
UNIT 6: AN EXCURSION
I Supply the correct form of the verbs in the brackets:
1 We (study _ a very hard lesson the day before yesterday
2 She (not, watch) an interesting program on television last night
3 Look at the back clouds It (rain) _
4 My friend (have) a party next week
II Write the sentences with words given:
1 I/ glad/ hear/ you/ going to have/ a picnic/ your classmates
2 I/ help/ prepare/ everything/ for the picnic
3 I/ wait/ you/ 4 o’clock tomorrow/ in front of/ supermarket
III Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
1 I plan to start studying in America => I’m going
2 Liz doesn’t very often go dancing =>Lizoccasionally
3 That isn’t my car.=>That car
UNIT 7: THE MASS MEDIA
Trang 7I Because of: Nguyên nhân- kết quả
Ex: I didn’t go to the party because I was tired
I didn’t go to the party because of being tired / my tiredness
a Because +pronoun + be+ adjective
Because of + posseive adj + noun of the adj ( danh từ của tính từ)
Ex: Pupils can’t do the exercise because it is difficult
Pupils can’t do the exercise because of its difficult
b because + noun + be + adj
because of + the + adj + noun
Ex: He didn’t go to the sea because the weather was bad He didn’t go to the sea because of the bad weather
c Because + S +V +O
Because of + gerund(V_ing) +O
Ex : She got ill because she worked very hard
She got ill because of working very hard
II In spite of: Sự tương phản
Ex: Although it rained heavily, they went out with their friends
Despite the heavy rain , they went out with their friends
a Although + pronoun + be + adj
Despite + poss.adj +noun derived from the adjective ( danh từ chuyển hóa từ tính từ)
Ex : although he is ill, he goes to work
Despite his illness , he goes to work
b Although + N + be + adj
Despite + the + adj + N
Ex: Although the weather was bad , they went out
Despite the bad weather , they went out
c Although + S + V + O
Despite + gerund( V_ing) + O
Ex : Although he worked hard , he didn’t get a lot of money
Despite working hard, he didn’t get a lot of money
I Rewrite the sentences.
1 I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.Because of
2 Although he got up early, he was late for the first train. In spite
3 Although my friend doesn’t have enough money, she wants to buy that new car. Despite
4 We arrived late because of the badtraffic
Because + S+ V↔Because of + Noun/ Noun phrase/ V-ing
↔ Because of + noun/noun phrase/V-ing
Although / though / even though + clause↔ Despite/ In spite of + Noun/ noun phrase/ V-ing
Trang 85 She didn’t buy the house because the price was very high
6 She only accepted the job because of the high salary
7 We couldn’t sleep because the weather was hot
7 I enjoyed the film although the story was silly.( using in spite of)
8 He didn't arrive until 9 o'clock although he promised that he wouldn't be late (using in spite of)
9 Although he was seriously ill, he was determined to finish his work
In spite of
10 Mary went to bed early because she felt tired
Because of _
II Put the correct form of the given verbs.
1 Don’t disturb Amy She just (go) to sleep
2 I (have) the pains for three weeks now
3 They (grow) such a lot since we last (see) _them
4 I (wash) my hands so that I can help you with the cooking
5 She (arrive) _ at Kennedy Airport at 2 o’clock this morning
6 The Pharaohs (rule) Egypt for thousands of years
7 I (find) the letter you (look) for Here it
UNIT 8: THE STORY OF MY VILLAGE
GRAMMAR
1 Conditional sentence type 1
a Form:
If + S + V/s/es S +will / can /shall / may +V(bare inf)(a stuation may become
true) (1)
S +V/s/es ( a real situation)(2) Imperative form V-bare (3) Don’t V-bare
Ex: If I have free time, I will visit you (1)
If the temperature is 100, the water boils.(2)
If you see Tom, ask him to ring me.(3)
b Usage
To express a situation is real or may become true(diễn đạt một tình huống luôn đúng hoặc có thể xảy ra, một câu mệnh lệnh)
NOTE
1 Unless = If… not( nếu ……không)
Ex 1: Unless you start at once , you will be late for school
If you don’t start at once , you will be late for school
Ex 2:If she doesn’t water these trees , they will die
Unless she waters these trees , they will die
2 Phân biệt cách sử dụng giữa WHEN và IF
Dùng WHEN khi hành động chắc chắc xảy ra.
Ex: When I’m hungry, I will find something to eat.
Dùng IF khi hành động có khả năng xảy ra.
Ex: If I have two tickets, I will invite her to the cinema.
3 Reported speech: statements (tường thuật câu nói thông thường)
S + said / told + (that) + S + V
Trang 9Các bước chuyển từ câu trực tiêp sang câu gián tiếp.
-Bước 1: Bỏ ngoặc kép và lùi thì của động từ
Simple present(S +am/is/are) _ simple past(S + was/were)
(S +V/s/es) (S +V2/ed)
Simple past (S + was/were) _ past perfect(S + had +PP(V3/ed))
(S +V2/ed)
Present perfect (S +have/has +PP) _ past perfect(S + had +PP(V3/ed)
Present continuous(S +am/is/are +V-ing ) _ past continuous(S +was/were +V-ing)
Past continuous(S +was/were +V-ing) past perfect continuous(S +had been +V-ing)
Present perfect continuous _past perfect continuous
(S +have/has been +V-ing) (S +had been +V-ing)
Model verbs(S +will/can/may…+V) _ (S +would/could/might…+V)
S + must + V S +had to +V
-Note: nếu mệnh đề chính ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại hoàn thành và tương lai đơn thì thì của động từ trong ngoặc kép không lùi
-Bước 2: Thay đổi các đại từ trong ngoặc sao cho phù hợp với đối người nói và người nghe:
-Note: Nếu mệnh đề chính có tân ngữ, thì từ “you” sẽ đổi theo tân ngữ đó.
Eg: She said to him “You are a student” She told him he was a student.
-Bước 3: Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
These Those the following day
Next week The week after tonight that night
Last week The week before ago before
Ex1: He said, ”I will be here again tomorrow”
He said that he would be there again the day after
Ex2: She said to his mother, ”I haven’t seen him since I came here”
She said to his mother that she hadn’t seen him since she had come there
EXERCISE
I Supply the correct form of the verb.
1 If you (not, keep) quiet, I will scream
2 If you don’t go right now, you _ (be) late for the train
3 If you (throw) a stone into water, it (sink) _
4 You (ask) _ the teacher, he (explain) _ the lesson to you
5 Unless they (work) harder, they (not, be) successful
II Change into reported speech.
1 “I have never worked hard before” He said………
2 “I like your coat, I’m looking for one like that myself” She told me………
3 “John left here an hour ago” She told me………
Trang 104 “You can stay in my house when I am on holiday” Jim told us………
5 John said to me, “I’m a pupil and I have learned English for three years’ John told me………
UNIT 9: UNDERSEA WORLD
Conditional sentence type 2 ( unreal conditional at present)
Câu điều kiện loại 2 dùng để diễn tả hành động KHÔNG thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.( không có thực ở hiện tại)
Ex:- He doesn’t have enough money He will not buy this new bicycle
-> If he had enough money, he would buy this new bicycle
(He would buy this new bicycle if he had enough money.)
- I am not bird I can’t fly everywhere
-> If I were a bird, I could fly everywhere
(I could fly everywhere if I were a bird.)
FORM :
* Lưu ý:
- Mệnh đề IF và mệnh đề chính có thể đổi chỗ cho nhau.Nếu mệnh đề if đứng trước thì giữa hai mệnh đề phải cách nhau bởi dấu phẩy
- Dùng WERE cho tất cả các ngôi trong mệnh đề IF
I Rewrite the sentences using conditional sentence type 2
1 I have to work late tomorrow, so I can’t join your party
2 I’ve got a lot of work to do , so I can’t go home for lunch now
3.She doesn’t live in London because she doesn’t know anyone there
4.The standard of living in the provinces is low because the government gives them little money
5.The house is so small that they can’t live in it
II Give advice to the people in the following situations using SHOULD
1.Ellen is having a lot of trouble in her chemistry class She’s failed the last two test
2 Sam and Tim, both teenagers, have messed up the house, and their parents are coming home soon
3.Pierre is feeling really homesick these days
4.Peter is wearing jeans He’s expected at a formal reception this evening
5.Mike can’t understand what’s going on in his English class
UNIT 10 CONSERVATION
A/ The rule of changing active into passive
Active S + V + O
Passive: S + Tobe + Vpp +……+(by O)
B/ Kinds of passive voice in tenses
I The simple present
S + V(s/es) + O
S + am/is/are + Vpp….+ (by O)
Example Mrs Ngoc teaches English
English is taught by Mrs Ngoc
II The simple past tense
S +V(v2/ed) + O
S +was/ were +Vpp ….+ (by O)
Mrs Ngoc taught English
English was taught by Mrs Ngoc III The present continuous tense
S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
S + am/is/are +being + Vpp +(by O)
He is reading a letter.
A letter is being read (by him)
If clause (Mệnh đề If) , Main clause (Mệnh đề chính)
IF + S + V(2/ED)/WERE , S + WOULD/COULD/ SHOULD/ MIGHT + V