Many plants and animals can be used as medicine …… cancer, AIDS and other sicknesses.. The …… of forest is destroying the earth’s plants and animals 14.. New York City is founded by the
Trang 1UNIT 10 CONSERVATION
Week:
Period:
I Vocabulary
A READING
Disappearance(n) [,disə'piərəns] Sự biến mất
Hydroelectric dam(n) [,haidroui'lektrik] [dæm] Đập thủy điện
Nature’s defence ['neit∫ə] [di'fens] Bảo vệ thiên nhiên
B SPEAKING
Endangered(adj) [in'deindʒə(r)] Có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng
Reconstrucstion(n) [,ri:kən'strʌk∫n] Sự tái xây dựng
C LISTENING
D WRITING
Trang 2Free(adj) Miễn phí
E LANGUAGE
FOCUS
Photograph(v) ['foutəgrɑ:f ; 'foutəgræf] Chụp ảnh
GRAMMAR
A/ The rule of changing active into passive
Active S + V + O
Passive: S + Tobe + Vpp +……+(by O)
B/ Kinds of passive voice in tenses
I The simple present
S + V(s/es) + O
S + am/is/are + Vpp….+ (by O)
Example Mrs Ngoc teaches English
English is taught by Mrs Ngoc
II The simple past tense
S +V(v2/ed) + O
S +was/ were +Vpp ….+ (by O)
Mrs Ngoc taught English
English was taught by Mrs Ngoc III The present continuous tense
S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
S + am/is/are +being + Vpp +(by O)
He is reading a letter.
A letter is being read (by him)
IV The past continuous tense
S + was/were + V-ing + O
S + was/were + being +Vpp +(by O) Mrs Ngoc was reading a newspaper A newspaper was being read by Mrs Ngoc
V The present perfect tense
S + has/have + Vpp + O
S + has/ have + been + Vpp +(by O) They haven’t met her since last year. She hasn’t been met (by them) since last year
VI The past perfect tense
S +had + Vpp + O
S + had +been + Vpp + (by O)
I had seen that film
That film had been seen by me
VII The simple future tense
S + will/ shall + V +O
S + will/shall + be + Vpp +(by O)
They will build a new school near my house
A new school will be built near my house (by them)
VIII Be going to
S + am/is are + V-ing + O
S + am/is/are +going to + be+ Vpp +(by O) They are going to buy that house. That house is going to be built (by them)
IX Modal verbs(MV)
S + MV(may, can, could, ) + V-bare +O
S +MV +be + Vpp +(by O)
My friend can answer this question
This question can be answered by my friend
C Notes:
Trang 3I If after “by” are pronouns (him, her, us ) or common nouns(people) or indefinite pronouns( someone, nobody…), those should be omitted to avoid referring the doer
S - (By O)
He (by him)
She (by her)
They (by them)
People (by people)
Someone (by someone)
Ex: A: They are building a school
P: A school is being built (by them)
II If there is an adverb of time in the active sentence, it is put after “by O”
Ex: A: My parents are going to buy a car tomorrow
P: A car is going to be bought by my parents tomorrow
III If V has two objects, one of them can be S However the object of people is preferred
Ex: A: I’m writing her a letter
O1 O2
P: She is being written a letter
P: A letter is being written to her
Exercise 1 Change the following sentences into the passive voice.
1 People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday
………
2 We use this room only on special occasions
………
3 Million of people watch this programmer.
………
4 They are pulling down the old theatre
………
5 A policeman is showing us the way to the post office
………
6 Shakespeare wrote Hamlet
………
7 Someone switched on a light and opened the door
………
8 Why didn’t they mend the roof before it fell in?
………
9 They rang the church bells as a flood warning
………
10 Mary was typing the letter all day yesterday
………
11 You must not hammer nails into the wall without permission
………
12 We must do our homework now
………
13 Somebody will meet you at the bus-station
………
14 They will hold the meeting before May Day
………
15 Dick has told the news to his sister
………
16 Somebody had slashed the picture with a knife
………
17 They are going to build a new school in our district
………
18 You should open the wine about three
Trang 4Exercise 2 Change the following sentences into active voice.
1 This place was designed by a French architect
………
2 My car has been repaired by this machine
………
3 The milk is brought to my door by Tom
………
4 The English test couldn’t be done by us
………
5 Our salary is going to be increased
………
Exercise 3 Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
1 A new building _built near my school next June.
2 This church _by a famous architect, David Brown
a were designing b were designed c was designing d was designed
3 I haven’t seen him
a many years ago b for many years c since many years d last year
4 You should be aware that English people never like _ personal questions
5 Flood _ from heavy rain destroyed the cops in the region
6 English _in many parts of the world
7.A: What a beautiful dress you are wearing!
B: Thank you It especially for me by a French tailor
8 Today, many serious children diseases by early immunization
a are preventing b can prevent c can be prevented d prevent
9 Many animals are _for their fur or other valuable parts of their bodies
10 Wildlife all over the world is in
KEYS:
1.A lot of money is spent on advertising everyday
2 This room is used by us only on special occasion
3 This programmer is watched by million of people
4 The old theatre is being pulled down
5 The way to the post office is being shown us by a policeman
(We are being shown the way to the post office by a policeman)
6 Hamlet was written by Shakespeare
7 A light was switched on and the door was opened
8 Why wasn’t the roof mended before it fell in?
9 The church bells were rung as a flood warning
10.The letter was being typed by Mary all day yesterday
11 Nails must not be hammered into the wall without permission
12 Our homework must be done by us now
13 You will be met at the bus- station
14 The meeting will be held before May Day
15 The news has been told to his sister by Dick
16 The picture had been slashed with a knife
17 A new school is going to be built in our district
18 The wine should be opened about three by you
Trang 5_
Week: General exercise of unit 10
Period:
A TU LUAN
I.Supply the correct tense of the verb.
1 The baby doesn’t cry so much now but she (use to, cry) _ every night
2 My parents first (meet) _ each other at the Olympic Games in 1982
3 When I came to visit her last night, she (have) _ a bath.
4 If gravity, the pull of the earth, is zero, everything (float)
II Rewrite the sentence in the passive.
1 I will buy a computer next Sunday.
………
2 Mr Snow hasn’t taught that course since 1985.
………
3 They are building a big hydropower plant in Son La.
………
III Reorder the words to make meaningful sentences.
1 need/ to/ animals/ we/ and/ protect/ forests
………
2 be/ held,/ on/ water/ by/ can/ the/ land/ vegetation
………
3 rapid/ many/ erosion/ causes / floods/ run-off/ and
………
I Choose the word in each group that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
II Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.
6 a vegetation b destruction c reconstruction d circulation
7 a environment b pollution c conservation d appearance
III Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
8 Would you like _ lunch with us? “Yes, I’d love to”
9 What time is it?- I don’t know I haven’t got watch
10 We live in old house near _ station
11 Hydroelectric dams in Vietnam have provided power …… millions of homes and businesses
12 Many plants and animals can be used as medicine …… cancer, AIDS and other sicknesses
13 The …… of forest is destroying the earth’s plants and animals
14 Without plants, most water would …… as soon as it falls
15 Many laws …… in nature’s defence
Trang 6a are passed b have passed c are passing d were being passed
16 Water …… most of the earth’s surface
a covers b is covered c being covered d is covering
17 The situation is serious Something …… before it’s too late
a must do b must be done c must be doing d must have done
18 New York City/ found/ the Dutch/ 1642
a New York City is founded by the Dutch in 1642
b New York City was founded by the Dutch in 1642
c New York City was founded for the Dutch in 1642
d New York City was founded by the Dutch since 1642
19 I don’t like people telling me what to do
a People aren’t liked telling me what to do b What people telling me to do isn’t liked by me
c I am not liked telling what to do by people d I don’t like being told what to do
20 plants/ species/ many/ animals/ be/ danger of extinction
a Many species of plants and animals are in danger of extinction
b Many species of plants and animals were in danger of extinction
c Many species of plants and animals are danger of extinction
d Species of plants and animals are in many danger of extinction
21 Have the students be told about the changes of their timetable yet?
a b c d
22 Man and most animals need a constantly supply of water to live
a b c d
VI Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question.
Many people still believe that natural resources will never be used up Actually, the world’s energy resources are limited No body knows exactly how much fuel is left However, we also should use them economically and try to find out alternative sources of power According to Professor Marvin Burnham of the New England Institute of Technology, we have to start conserving coal, oil and gas before it is too late and nuclear power is the only alternative
However, many people don’t approve of using nuclear power because it is very dangerous What would happen if there were a serious nuclear accident? Radioactivity causes cancer and may badly affect the future generations
The most effective thing is that we should use natural resources as economical as possible
23 How much fuel is left?
a no one knows exactly b It will never be used up
c There is a lot of fuel d Let’s use it as much as we would like
24 We should use coal, oil, and gas ……
a as much as possible b carelessly c as economically as possible d all are correct
25 According to Professor Marvin Burnham, ……
a nuclear power is the only alternative b we have to conserve coal, oil, and gas
c a and b are incorrect d a and b are correct
26 According to the passage, using nuclear power is ……
27 Radioactivity from nuclear power ……
a are necessary to cure diseases b the future generations do nothing with it
c alters a new kind of energy d causes cancer and has bad effect on the future generations
VI Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each blank.
Nowadays people are more aware that wildlife all over the world is in danger Many (28) …… of animals are threatened, and could easily become extinct if we don’t make an effort to (29) …… them There are many reasons for this In some cases, animals are (30) …… for their fur or for other valuable parts of their bodies Some birds, (31) …… as parrots, are problem is that their habitat – the (32) …… where they live – is disappearing More land is used for farms, for houses or industry, and there are fewer open (33) …… than there once were Farmers use powerful chemicals to help them grow better (34) ……, but these chemicals pollute the environment and (35) …… wildlife The most successful animals on earth – human beings – will soon be the only ones left, unless we can (36) …… this problem
Trang 728 a marks b more c species d forms