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Quang Tri Town High School Quang Tri High School ĐỀ CƯƠNG ƠN TẬP 12 (2009-2010) Part I: Tenses Giới thiệu các em về các thì cần ơn tập – Trình bày tổng qt về cách dùng thì trên timeline. 1. The Simple Present: a. Form : - Khẳng Định : I, We , You , They … ( S nhiều ) + Vinf He , She , It ( S ít ) + V- s / es - Phủ định : I , We , You , They + don't Vinf He , She , It … + doesn't Vo - Nghi vấn : Do + We , You , They + Vinf … ? Does + He , She , It … + Vinf … ? b. Usage (cách dùng ) : - Diển tả 1 chân lý, sự thật hiển nhiên. Ex : The Earth goes round the sun / He is a doctor . / - Tom comes from England . - Diển tả 1 thói quen hoặc 1 việc xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại ( trạng từ năng diển: always , often = usually , sometimes = now and then , seldom , rarely , never, every ) Ex : He often goes to class late . / My mother gets up early every morning . Note : thêm ES cho những động từ tận cùng : o , s , x ,z ,sh , ch. Eg: goes/ watches/ kisses…. 2 . The Present Continuous (Hiện tại tiếp diển ) a. Form : - Khẳng Định : S + am / is / are + V –ing - Phủ định : : S + am / is / are ( not ) + V -ing - Nghi vấn : Are / I s + S + V-ing …. ? Ex: We are studying English now . b. Usage ( cách dùng ) : - Dtả hđộng đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói. _ hđộng đang diển ra xung quanh thời điểm nói. Eg: I am taking a night course. * Dấu hiệu nhận biết : now , right now = at once , at ( the / this / present ) time, at the moment, Ra lệnh ( Look ! Listen ! ) Ex : - She is listening to his teacher now - Dtả hđộng sẻ x.ra trong tương lai có kế hoạch. Ex : She is getting married next year. Note :* Be going to +Vinf : dtả hđộng sẻ xra với những dấu hiệu nhận biết trứoc. Ex: There are a lot clound(mây). It is going to rain. 3 . The Present Perfect (HTHồn thành ) a. Form : - Khẳng Định : S + has / have + V 3 , ed . - Phủ định : S + has / have ( not ) V 3 , ed - Nghi vấn : Has / Have + S + V 3 , ed ? b. Usage ( cách dùng ) : _ Dtả hđộng đả xra và kéo dài đến HT hoặc tương lai. Adv: since, for, so far= up to nơ=up to present (tính đến nay) I have learnt Englíh for 6 years./ I have learnt Englíh since 2004. (just , recently = lately, not yet, ever, never, aleady ) Ex : We haven’t finished our homework yet . _ Dtả knghiệm thường khơng đề cập đến thgian. Adv: ever(từng), never(ko bao giờ)… so far = until now = up to now ,how long ? It is the first / second / third … time, twice / many / three…. times. Note : For many, several, 2, 3… times, years, months, for a long time = for ages, since last week 4. The Simple Past (QK đơn) a. Form : - KĐ : S + V2,ed … ( Tobe : was / were ) - P.định : S + did not Vo …. - NVấn : Did + S + Vo … ? b. Usage : Dtả hđộng xra ở qk có th.gian cụ thể. yesterday ,ago , last ( week /night … ) , in 1990 ( thgian qkhứ ) Note : thói quen ở Qk # thói quen hiện tại GV: Phan thị Thuỳ Vân Quang Tri Town High School - Always, often = usually + V2,ed = used to + Vinf hoặc was / were / got used to + V – ing. (q khứ) Ex: I always came here for my summer holiday = ……………………………………………………………… - Always, often = usually + V1 / s,es = am,is,are / get used to + V – ing. ( hiện tại ) Ex: I always come here for my summer holiday = … … …………………………………………………………… 5 . The Past Continuous (QKtiếp diển ) a. Form : S + was / were + V - ing Ex: We were studying Maths at this time yesterday . b. Usage : - dtả hđộng dang xra taik 1 thời điểm qk. Ex : - What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday ? - Hđộng đang xra thì có hđộng khác xen ngang ở qk. Ex: What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday ? We were watching television when he came - Dtả 2 hay nhiều hđộng xra song song với nhau trong qk. Ex: Yesterday , while I was reading a book , my sister was watching T.V . Dấu hiệu nhận biết : at that time, at that moment, at 4p.m + th.gain qk ( yesterday, last ) Ex : He was watching film at the moment yesterday. 6 . The Past perfect (qk hồn thành ) a. Form : S + had V 3 , ed b. Usage : dtả hđộng xra trước hđộng khác trong qk. Ex : When he got up this morning , my mother had already left Dấu hiệu nhận biết : before=by the time , after 7 . The simple future : (tương lai đơn ) a. Form : S + shall / will Vinf b. Usage : Diển tả hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai : tomorrow , next ( week / month ) … , in 2010 8. The Perfect Future : ( T. lai hồn thành ) Form S + will have V 3,ed Dấu hiệu nhận biết : By the end of …. Ex : By the end of this year, I will have had a new bike. Note : Sau when , while , before , after , until, by the time, as , as soon as, if ……….) đơng từ chia ở hiện tại đơn. Ex : She will phone her parents when she comes here next week.(mang nghĩa tương lai) Part II: THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME sự hồ hợp thì trong mệnh đề trạng ngử 1. When : - When / by the time + S + V1 / Vs , es , S + V1 / Vs , es ( often, usually, always ) S + will Vinf ( sẽ xảy ra : next, tomorrow … ) S + will have V 3,ed ( just, already, for + time ) Ra lệnh : Vinf Ex : _ When / by the time he comes, he will have taken a break for 15 minutes. _ Remind me when I forget. - When + S + V 2/ ed , S+ V 2/ ed + S + V 2/ ed ,S + was / were + Ving + S + V 2/ ed , S + had + V 3,ed ( just, already, for + time / hđộng xra trước ) Ex : When we came, they were dancing . When we came, we saw many people there. When I got home, everybody had gone to bed. 2.While : - While S + am / is / are + V-ing , S + V1 / Vs, es ( often, usually, always ) - While S + was / were + V-ing , S + was / were + V- ing ( 2 hđộng đồng thời xảy ra ở quá khứ ) S + V 2 , ed 3. Before + S + V 2/ ed , S + had + V 3 , ed # After + S + had + V 3,ed , S + V 2/ ed 4. Since S + V 2/ ed , S + have / has + V 3,ed Note : - Before he went to bed, he had brushed his teeth. - After I finish my homework, I will watch TV. ( Hiện tại ) GV: Phan thị Thuỳ Vân Quang Tri Town High School A. TRANSFORMATION OF VERBS ( biến đổi động từ ) 1. S + have / has not V 3,ed + ( O ) for / since + time. Ex : I have not met him for 3 years. The last time + S + V 2/ ed was time ago/* ………………………………………………………………………………. S last + V 2/ ed + time ago ………………………………………………………………………………. It is time since S + V 2/ ed ………………………………………………………………………………. 2. S + started / began / came + V –ing / to – Vo / N + time ago. S + has / have V 3,ed + since / for + time S + has / have +been + Ving + since / for + time Ex : I started working here 2 months ago …………………………………………………………………………………… B : GV: Phan thị Thuỳ Vân Quang Tri Town High School III. Subject and Verb Agreement ( Sự hồ hợp S-V ) * Trưòng hợp 1 : V chia ở dạng số ít 1. S là th.gian ( year / month / week / day ), tiền bạc ( dollar, pound ), khoảng cách (…metres ,mile) , trộng lưọng ( ton ) Ex : Ten tons of rice was distributed to the poor. 2. S là : V-ing hoặc To – V.inf Ex : Swimming is good for your health. 3. S là đại từ bất định : no -, each - , every - , …… body, ……. one, ….thing Ex : No students is absent. Everything comes to you. 4. S là mệnh đè Ex : That books are best friends has been proved. 5. S là mơn học ( physics,maths …. ), bệnh tật ( mumps , meascles, rickets ), tên riêng ( Miss White ), danh từ ko đếm đc nhưng tận cùng “s” ( news, goods, water, sugar …… ), danh từ số ít . Ex : Physics is difficult to study. * Trường hợp 2 : V chia ở dạng số nhiều 1. S là dtừ s.nhiều ( N+s/es hoặc people, children, men, women ) Ex : My jeans are torn. 2. S là nhóm người: The + adj ( the poor, the rich, the blind … ) 3. Both …………… and ……. ( Both Peter and Mary are at the party ) * TRường hợp khác : - One of N ( số nhiều ) ………… + V(số ít)…………………… Ex : One of the most important things to succeed is hard – working. - A number of ……………………… + V- số nhiều The number of ……………………. + V – số ít - S1 + 0R + S2 … Either + S1 + or + S2 …… theo S2 Neither + S1 + nor + S2 …… Not ( only ) + S1 + but ( also ) + S2 Ex : Either Tom or his parents are absent. - S1 + as well as + S2 along / together with theo S1 giới từ ( in, with …. ) Ex : She as well as her friends has just come. - There be ……… V”to be” ( is, are, was, were ) phụ thộc danh từ theo sau. Note : + A lot of = lots of = plenty of ( = much / many : nhiều ) + Dtừ đếm được số nhiều / dtừ không đếm được. + A few ( = some : một vài ) , few ( rất ít ) + Danh từ đếm được số nhiều + A little ( = some : một vài ), little ( rất ít ) + Danh từ không đếm được Part 5 : The comparisons of Adj / Adv . 1. So sánh bằng : - KĐịnh : S+ V+ as + adj / adv + as+ S_V - PĐ : S+ V+ not as / so + adj / adv + as S+V 2. So sanhs hơn : a. Tính tù ngắn : adj + ER than b. Tính từ dài : more + adj + than 3. So sánh nhấtt : a. Tính tù ngắn : the adj + EST + ( NOUN ) b. Tính từ dài : the most adj + ( NOUN ) GV: Phan thị Thuỳ Vân Quang Tri Town High School 4. So sánh kép - 1 đối tưưọng: S+ V+ adj/adv er and adj/ adv er. ( more and more crowded,safer and more careful ) - 2 đối tượng: The adj/adv ẻ S+V, the …………… The more adj/adv S+V, the …………. ( the younger , the easier ) @ Hình thức so sánh phổ biến : Note : * Các hình thức so sánh phổ biến : So sánh hơn so sánh bằng ( phủ đònh ) hoặc so sánh hơn ( tính từ trái nghóa ) Ex : He drives more carefully than his brother. His brother does not drive as carefully as him. His brother drives more carelessly than him. Ex : No students in his class is clever than Tam Tam is the cleverest in his class * Adj/Adv đặc biệt: good / well - better than – the best bad - worse than - the worst little-less-least far-farther/further-farhtest/furthest Part 4 : Sentence Patterns ( mẩu câu) 1. S + V + so adj / adv that + S +V ( can / will Vo ) 2. S + V + such ( a / an ) adj Noun that + S + V Ex1 : The lesson is very difficult. Nobody can understand it. The lesson is so ………………………………………………………. It is such …………………………………………………………………………. Ex2 : The film is so interesting that I have seen it twice, It is such ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. S + V( khẳng đònh ) + too adj / adv ( for O ) + to - Vo ( quá …… nên không thể ) 4. S + V + adj / adv enough ( for O ) + to - Vo Ex3 : The box is so heavy that she can’t carry it. The box is too …………………………………………………………… Ex4 : This shirt is too expensive for me to buy. This shirt isn’t ……………………………………………………………… 5. It + is / was + adj + ( for O ) + to -V 0 …… V -ing + is / was + adj + to – Vo …. Ex 5 : It is dangerous to go alone at midnight. Going 6. S + be + of + ( adj ) + N. Ex : Fresh air is of great use to our health. Note : So adj / adv that ( cho đến nỗi mà ) # so that ( để / để mà ) Too / so much + Dtừ không đếm được # too / so many + Dtừ số nhiều đếm ; Part 5 : Conditional sentences Types 1 If S + V o / V -s,es ( Tobe : am, is, are ) S + do / does not + V o Hoac S + has / have V3,ed S + will / can ( not ) V o 2 S + V 2, ed ( Tobe : were ) S + did not + V o S + would/ could ( not ) V o S + had ( not ) V 3, ed S + would / could/might ( not ) have V3,ed GV: Phan thị Thuỳ Vân Quang Tri Town High School 3 4 (mixed) S+ V2 ( present time) S+ had + V3 ( past time) S would/could have + V3 ( past time ) S + would/ could + V ( present time) Part 6 : Wishes ( câu ước ) Tương lai S + could / would + Vo ) Hiện tại : S + were / V2, ed …… Quá khứ : S + had V3,ed Note : cách xác đònh giống câu ĐK. Note : S + regret ( not ) V –ing thi su dung DK3 va ao uoc o qua khu. Ex : She regretted not working hard ………. She wishes she had worked hard. I didn’t invite her to my party > I wish She didn’t concentrate on her study much so she failed the exm  She wish Nam isn’t here with us – We wish Part 7: Relative pronouns 1. Who : N ( người ) + who + V 2. Whom : N ( người ) + whom + S + V 3. Which : N ( vật ) + which 4. Where = in which : N ( nơi chốn ) + where + S + V 1. Whose : N 1 whose + N 2 ( N2 của N1 , whose thay thế tính từ sở hữu : his,her, my, your ) 2. When : N ( thời gian ) + when …… 3. Why = for which : đứng sau the reason 4. That : + That thay thế cho who, whom, which trong mđề không có dấu phẩy. + Không được dùng that sau dấu phẩy và sau giới từ ( sau giới từ dùng whom hoặc which ) + Bắt buộc dùng that : • Sau so sánh nhất • Sau đại từ không xác đònh : no - , some - , every - , any - + one / thing / body • Sau chủ ngữ hổn hợp ( người và vật ) Ex : The man and his dog that …… • Trong cấu trúc : It is / was noun / pronoun who / that . ( It is Mary that I admire ) Sau only / the first / the last + N Ex : The first thing that I do is …. Part 8 : Reduced forms ( Hình thức rút gọn ) 1. Rút gọn mđ qh: - Câu chủ động : Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, động từ chính trong câu đưa về nguyên mẫu (to-V) và thêm V– Ing Ex : The man who is standing overthere is my father. The man standing overthere is my father. - Câu bị động : Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, động từ chính trong câu đưa về V3,ed Ex : The chair which is made in Japan is expensive. The chair made in Japan is expensive. Như vậy trong câu chỉ có 01 động từ chính được chia, dộng từ còn lại ở dạng V – ing ( chủ động hoặc V3,ed ( Bò động ) 2.Rút gọn 2 câu có cùng S: Ex : He met his old friends. He felt very happy. Meeting his old friends, he felt very happy. GV: Phan thị Thuỳ Vân Quang Tri Town High School 3. Từ chỉ thời gian : While / when / after / before … Ex : When I met him, I told him that story. ………. Meeting him, I told him that story. Part 9 : Reported Speech / Indirect Speech ( Câu thuật lại) 1. Statement : ( Câu nói bình thường ) S + said to + O / told + O ( that ) + S would / could … + V0 ( Tương lai ) S V2,ed ( Hiện tại ) S had V3,ed ( Quá khứ ) • Tương lai : after, next, following. • Hiện tại : then, that day, this ( week, year …. ) • Quá khứ : before, previous 2. Command : ( Mệnh lệnh ) a. Khẳng đònh : S + asked / told / ordered / … + O + To – Vo … b. Phủ đònh : S + asked / told / ordered / … + O + Not To – Vo … 3. Câu hỏi : a. Yes / No : S + asked O + if / whether + S + V ( lùi về 1 thì so với câu đã cho ) wondered b. Wh – questions : S + asked O + what / where / why …. + S + V ( lùi về 1 thì so với câu đã cho ) wondered Lưu ý : - said to + O # told O # talked about - whether …… or not - what / where / why … + To – Vo …. Một số cau biến đổi trong câu Tr.tiếp sang G.tiếp: : 1. Would you like ………………. thì sử dụng S invite O + to - Vo Ex : Mary said to Peter : “ Would you like to go for walk ? “ Mary invited Peter to go for walk. 2. If I were you …. hoặc had better / should / ought to + Vo thì sử dụng S + advise + O + not to – Vo Ex : I said “ You should not smoke, Tam “ I advised Tam not to smoke. 3. Shall we …. ? / why don’t you …. ? / Let’s … / How about / what about … ? thì sử dụng S + suggest ( that ) S + should ( not ) Vo Ex : Miss White said to her husband : “ Why don’t you give up drinking alcohol ? “ Miss White suggested that her husband should give up drinking alcohol. 4.Will ( not ) Vo được biến thành promise / offer ( not ) to – Vo Ex : She said, “ I will take you to town “ She offered to take me to town. 5.Remember / don’t forget + V –ing or to Vo Vo được biến thành remind + O + to Vo Ex : He said to me : “ Don’t forget to learn your lessons “ He reminded me to learn my lessons. 6. Sorry for ………………… S + apologize ( to somebody ) for V – ing. Ex : “ Sorry for keeping you waiting “ He apologized ( to me ) for keeping me waiting. 7. S + insist ……. S + insist on + Ving 11. S + want / hope + to – Vo …… …… S + have a dream of + V – ing …. Phần 10: PHRASES/ EXPRESSIONS TO REMEMBER Advise someone to do something Mark said to us, “You really ought to get some help.” Mark advised us to get some help. Wish to do something “I hope that I can leave this house to my children,” the old man said. GV: Phan thị Thuỳ Vân Quang Tri Town High School The old man wished to leave the house to his children. Threaten to do something “If you do that again, I’ll leave,” the worker said angrily. The worker threatened to leave if I did it again. Tell somebody to do something “Carry this bag into the kitchen,” my mother said. My mother told me to carry the bag into the kitchen. Refuse to do something She said, “I can’t go to the cinema with you tonight.” She refused to go to the cinema with me that night. Promise to do something He said, “I will come on time.” He promised to come on time. Offer to do something “Let me drive you to the airport,” Alice said. Alice offered to drive me to the airport. Invite someone to do something / for something “Would you like to stay at our house?” said your friends. Your friends invited me to stay at their house. “Would you like to have dinner with us?” Her cousin invited her to have / for dinner. Beg someone to do something “Please do not tell my parents about this,” she said to me. She begged me not to tell her parents about it. Ask someone to do something • Warn somebody about / of something He said, “Be careful. The path is slippery.” He warned us about the slippery path. “Driving on this wet street is dangerous,” she said. She warned us of the danger of driving on the wet street. • Think of doing something John said, “The house is very nice! I’ll certainly buy it!” John thought of buying the house. • Dream of doing something “I have always wanted to be a pilot,” Paul said to you. Paul has always dreamed of being a pilot. • Look forward to doing something Mr. Smith said: “I feel like meeting my children soon.” Mr. Smith looked forward to meeting his children soon. • Prevent / Stop someone from doing something The policeman said to the customer: “Stay here! You mustn’t leave the shop!” The policeman stopped the customer (from) leaving the shop. • Accuse someone of doing something “You didn’t do what I said,” the mother said to her son. The mother accused her son of not doing what she said. Part 11 : MODAL VERBS ( Động từ khiếm khuyết ) A. Form : Modal Verbs ( can /could / may / might will / would ) + Vo B. Use : a. Can ( quá khứ là could ) : chỉ một khả năng hoặc cơ hội làm đều gì đó, nghóa là “ có thể “ GV: Phan thị Thuỳ Vân Quang Tri Town High School Ex : Tom can play three musical intruments. In the past, people could hardly travel easily. b. may / might : diễn đạt điều gì đó có thể là thật hoặc điều gì đó có lẽ xảy ra. (less than 50 % of certainty) Ex : It may / might be a bomb. She may / might be at home today. c. should ( not ) : chỉ lời khuyên ( nên hay không nên ) Ex : You should not smoke so much. It is not good for you. d. Must: chỉ sự bắt buộc ( phải ), must not chó sự cấm đoán không được phép. ( 95% of certainty ) Ex : You haven’t got much time. You must hurry. You can tell Tom what I said but he mustn’t tell anybody else. e. Need ( cần ) # needn’t = don’t need ( không cần ) Ex : You have got plenty of time. You don’t need to hurry ( You needn’t hurry ) Notes : 1. Câu đề nghò : Can you …. ? Could you …. ? hoac May I …. ? Ex : Could you please open the window ? May I read your newspaper ? 2. Một số cách biến đổi tương đương : - be necessary ( for O ) + to – Vo = need ( not ) Ex : It is unnecessary for him to study many subjects. He needn’t study many subjects / He does not need to study many subjects. - be possible / probable + to – Vo hoac maybe + perhaps = can / may + V o Ex : Maybe your answer is right = Your anwer may be right. 3. Modals + have + V3,ed : - Could have + P.P: có thể đã … (diễn tả 1 khả năng đã có trong quá khứ, nhưng chưa được sử dụng tới). - Should ( not ) have + V3,ed : lẻ ra nên ( không nên ) làm 1 việc gì đó ở quá khứ. - Must( not ) + have + V3,ed : suy đốan ở Qk ( không xảy ra ) ở quá khứ. - May / might / can / could ( not ) + have + V3,ed : suy đốn ở QK - Need (Needn’t ) + have + V3,ed : Cần làm ở Qk Degree of certainty Why wasn’t Mary in class? (a) 100% she was sick ( sure) (b) 95% she must have been sick ( make a logical inference ) (c) Less than 50% she may have been sick ( Mention one possibility ) She might have been sick She could have been sick Why didn’t Sam eat? (a ) 100% Sam wasn’t hungry (b) 99% Sam couldn’t have been hungry Sam can’t have been hungry (d) 95% Sam must not have been hungry (e) Less than 50% Sam may not have been hungry Sam might not have been hungry Part 17 : PHRASAL VERBS - apply to sb for sth: nộp đđơn đđến. . . xin. . . - ask sb for sth: hỏi xin ai/ yêu cầu ai về - leave out : omit - lie down: nằm xuống( đđể nghỉ ngơi) - listen to sb/ sth: lắng nghe GV: Phan thị Thuỳ Vân Quang Tri Town High School - call back: gọi lại - call up : goi dien - catch up ( with) :đđuổi kịp, bắt kịp - come up : xay ra, phat sinh - cool off: nguội lạnh đđi, giảm đđi ( nhiệt tình) - discuss sth with sb = have a discussion about sth: thảo luận về - drop in: ghe tham - explain sth to sb: giải thích - fall behind: bị tụt đđằng sau - fill in : đđiền vào ( mẫu đđơn) - fill up: do day - find out: discover information - get along (with): have a good relation ship with - get in / on : enter a car/ taxi. . .buoc len - get off: leave a bus/ train. . . buoc xuong - get over : recover : bình phục - get through (with): ket thuc - get up: thức dậy - give back: tra lai - give in: nhượng bộ, chịu thua - give up: stop doing / having sth: ngưng, từ bỏ - glance at sb/ sth: take a quick look at: liếc nhìn - go away: đđi khỏi - go by : trôi qua ( time )- - go off: nổ ( bomb ), bắn ( gun), gõ ( clock ) - go on: continue : tiếp tục - go out: stop burning/ shining: tắt - grown up: become an adult - hold up : làm trở ngại - hurry up: làm nhanh - invite sb to/ for sth: mời - jot down = note down : ghi tom tat - keep on = continue : tiep tuc - keep up : giữ vững duy trì, tiếp tục - laugh at sb/ sth: cười, trêu chọc, chế nhạo - leave somewhere for. . .: rời - look after = take care of = to care for : chăm sóc, trông nom - look out (for): be careful - look sth up: tra cứu - make up : invent a story:bịa ra - make up of : chiem, tao thanh - make use of : su dung - pay back: tra lai - pick up : nhat, don - point at/ to sb/ sth: chỉ - put away: dat cho khac - put back: dat tro lai - put off = call of : postpone - put on: dress yourself in sth: mặc vào - run into = come across : tinh co gap - search sb/ sth for sb/ sth: khám, xét, tìm - speak to/ with sb about/ of sb/ sth: nói với ai về -speak up : nói to lên - sit down: ngồi xuống - take after: resemble: trông giống như - take off : cất cánh, cởi ra - talk to / with sb about/ of sb/ sth: nói, bàn, thảo luận - throw sth at sb/ sth: ném, chọi vào - throw away: discard vứt, ném, liệng - throw sth to sb: chuyền - try out : test : thử nghiệm - turn down: giam, khong chap nhan - turn off: switch off : tắt (đèn, quạt. ), shut off - turn on: switch on: mở (đèn, quạt . . ) - turn round: quay lại - turn up : mo lon, đđến - wash up: wash the dishes: rửa chén - watch out (for): be careful - write to sb: viết thư gởi ai GV: Phan thị Thuỳ Vân [...]...Quang Tri Town High School Part 15 : PRONUNCIATION Cách phát âm những từ tận cùng –s / es : - Sau âm g, ch, s / ss , sh, x được phát âm là / iz / - Sau âm p, t, k, f, gh, th được phát âm là / s / - Còn lại : được phát âm là / z / và cách phát âm . + V ( lùi về 1 thì so với câu đã cho ) wondered b. Wh – questions : S + asked O + what / where / why …. + S + V ( lùi về 1 thì so với câu đã cho ) wondered Lưu ý : - said to + O # told O # talked. town. 5.Remember / don’t forget + V –ing or to Vo Vo được biến thành remind + O + to Vo Ex : He said to me : “ Don’t forget to learn your lessons “ He reminded me to learn my lessons. 6. Sorry for. find out: discover information - get along (with): have a good relation ship with - get in / on : enter a car/ taxi. . .buoc len - get off: leave a bus/ train. . . buoc xuong - get over : recover