34. The correct answer is (A). The original version is correct. Choices (B) and (E) awkwardly split the grammatical element is known as. Choice (C) alters the meaning of the original sentence, suggesting that gerrymandering involves determining voting districts based on whether people vote rather than on how they vote. Choice (D) distorts the meaning of the word gerrymandering. 35. The correct answer is (B). The original argument boils down to the following: Premise: If a teacher refuses to attend the conference, then the teacher will not attend the buffet. Premise: Brett did not attend the buffet. Conclusion: Brett refused to attend the conference. To reveal the argument’s structure (and its flawed reasoning), express the argument using symbols: Premise: If A, then B. Premise: XisB. Conclusion: XisA. This reasoning is fallacious (flawed), and choice (B) demonstrates the same basic pattern: Premise: If a person is seated in the front row, then the person can hear the coach. (If A, then B.) Premise: Ursula can hear the coach. (X is B.) Conclusion: Ursula is seated in the front row. (X is A.) 36. The correct answer is (E). The “crucial” (primary) question for the author involves the degree to which the restorationists are true to their “first principle.” The author claims that they are not so true in that their program “does not cohere well” with their principle. Since this issue is “crucial” to the author, it is reasonable to assert that this criticism is the author’s primary one. 37. The correct answer is (A). In the preceding sentence, the author asserts that Turner’s and Jordan’s descriptions of restorationist activities “do not cohere well with the community participation model.” By following this assertion with the suggestion that another model might be more serviceable, the author suggests that restorationists’ activities are more consistent with this other model than with the community participation model. 38. The correct answer is (B). In the first paragraph, the author refers to the “crucial question about”—or key problem with—the restorationists’ program, which the author then elucidates in the second paragraph. answers practice test 4 Practice Test 4 553 www.petersons.com 39. The correct answer is (D). The passage points out that producing electricity from hydrogen results in the emission of a greater amount of greenhouse gases (which is harmful to the environment) than producing electricity directly from natural gas. Based on this premise, the former method is not as environmentally sound as the latter method. 40. The correct answer is (E). The underlined part is ambiguous: Is the point that Carnegie lived at that time or that he engaged in philanthropy at that time? Choices (C), (D), and (E) all clarify the meaning, but choice (E) is more concise than choices (C) or (D). Although choice (B) is even briefer, the word about is not idiomatic here. (The idiom at about would have been correct.) 41. The correct answer is (A). The argument relies on an increase in graduation rates to conclude that the five privatized schools are “educationally effective.” But if the schools’ administration arbitrarily allows students to graduate, regardless of academic achieve- ment, then any increase in graduation rates would not be meaningful. In other words, the argument depends on the assumption that the students deserved to graduate. 554 PART VI: Five Practice Tests www.petersons.com ANSWER SHEET PRACTICE TEST 5 ANALYTICAL WRITING ASSESSMENT Analysis of an Issue ✁ answer sheet Practice Test 5 555 www.petersons.com ✁ 556 PART VI: Five Practice Tests www.petersons.com Analysis of an Argument ✁ answer sheet Practice Test 5 557 www.petersons.com ✁ 558 PART VI: Five Practice Tests www.petersons.com QUANTITATIVE SECTION 1. O A O B O C O D O E 2. O A O B O C O D O E 3. O A O B O C O D O E 4. O A O B O C O D O E 5. O A O B O C O D O E 6. O A O B O C O D O E 7. O A O B O C O D O E 8. O A O B O C O D O E 9. O A O B O C O D O E 10. O A O B O C O D O E 11. O A O B O C O D O E 12. O A O B O C O D O E 13. O A O B O C O D O E 14. O A O B O C O D O E 15. O A O B O C O D O E 16. O A O B O C O D O E 17. O A O B O C O D O E 18. O A O B O C O D O E 19. O A O B O C O D O E 20. O A O B O C O D O E 21. O A O B O C O D O E 22. O A O B O C O D O E 23. O A O B O C O D O E 24. O A O B O C O D O E 25. O A O B O C O D O E 26. O A O B O C O D O E 27. O A O B O C O D O E 28. O A O B O C O D O E 29. O A O B O C O D O E 30. O A O B O C O D O E 31. O A O B O C O D O E 32. O A O B O C O D O E 33. O A O B O C O D O E 34. O A O B O C O D O E 35. O A O B O C O D O E 36. O A O B O C O D O E 37. O A O B O C O D O E VERBAL SECTION 1. O A O B O C O D O E 2. O A O B O C O D O E 3. O A O B O C O D O E 4. O A O B O C O D O E 5. O A O B O C O D O E 6. O A O B O C O D O E 7. O A O B O C O D O E 8. O A O B O C O D O E 9. O A O B O C O D O E 10. O A O B O C O D O E 11. O A O B O C O D O E 12. O A O B O C O D O E 13. O A O B O C O D O E 14. O A O B O C O D O E 15. O A O B O C O D O E 16. O A O B O C O D O E 17. O A O B O C O D O E 18. O A O B O C O D O E 19. O A O B O C O D O E 20. O A O B O C O D O E 21. O A O B O C O D O E 22. O A O B O C O D O E 23. O A O B O C O D O E 24. O A O B O C O D O E 25. O A O B O C O D O E 26. O A O B O C O D O E 27. O A O B O C O D O E 28. O A O B O C O D O E 29. O A O B O C O D O E 30. O A O B O C O D O E 31. O A O B O C O D O E 32. O A O B O C O D O E 33. O A O B O C O D O E 34. O A O B O C O D O E 35. O A O B O C O D O E 36. O A O B O C O D O E 37. O A O B O C O D O E 38. O A O B O C O D O E 39. O A O B O C O D O E 40. O A O B O C O D O E 41. O A O B O C O D O E ✁ answer sheet Practice Test 5 559 www.petersons.com Practice Test 5 ANALYTICAL WRITING ASSESSMENT Analysis of an Issue 1 QUESTION • 30 MINUTES Directions: Using a word processor, compose a response to the following statement and directive. Do not use any spell-checking or grammar-checking functions. “It is up to parents and educators, not government, to instill in young people a nation’s most cherished values.” Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the foregoing statement. Support your perspective using reasons and/or examples from your experience, observation, reading, or academic studies. practice test 5 561 Analysis of an Argument 1 QUESTION • 30 MINUTES Directions: Using a word processor, compose an essay for the following argument and directive. Do not use any spell-checking or grammar-checking functions. The following editorial appeared in a recent issue of a national business journal: “Five years ago, MegaCorp switched from a monitoring system for detecting employee pilfering to an honor system. During the following year, the number of reported pilfering incidents at MegaCorp was 40 percent less than during the previous year; and during the most recent year, the number of such incidents was even lower. These statistics should not be surprising; in responding to a recent company-wide survey, MegaCorp employees indicated that they would be less likely to pilfer under an honor system than if they were closely monitored. All businesses can learn from MegaCorp’s example and reduce employee pilfering by adopting a similar honor code.” Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion. 562 PART VI: Five Practice Tests www.petersons.com . 555 www.petersons.com ✁ 556 PART VI: Five Practice Tests www.petersons.com Analysis of an Argument ✁ answer sheet Practice Test 5 557 www.petersons.com ✁ 558 PART VI: Five Practice. that restorationists’ activities are more consistent with this other model than with the community participation model. 38. The correct answer is (B). In the first paragraph, the author refers to. not as environmentally sound as the latter method. 40. The correct answer is (E). The underlined part is ambiguous: Is the point that Carnegie lived at that time or that he engaged in philanthropy