!" #$ %&'(')*+, ( ) ( ) y x x x y x xy y = + + − + = + − %&'('*+, ! n "#$%& '( a ) a n≤ *+,*- %&/'(/'*+, ., * / ABC 0 + 12 3 4 O 5- 6 6AD BE CF ') 7* 12 *, ( ) 6 6D BC E CA F AB∈ ∈ ∈ -829 EF : BC ; 6G 129 AG :';123 4 5O ;1< M - - .=>71< 6 6 6A M E F ?> 0123- - / N ')1<; BC $) H ')@A* ABC -.=> GH AN ⊥ %&0'(')*+, .=> ( ) B B 4 54 54 5 a b c abc a b b c c a a b b c c a abc + + + + + + ≥ + + + + + + $%/ 6 6 Ca b c > %&)'('*+, D&E$E1$FG*7H#% C C× 4C!36C051I0 !HE$IJC*,,7HK*),,*E0;,L*E 01MG*7')* ?*-.=>"1I#N'O- P+ !" #$% 12342567+45 888888888888888888889:;<=>45 8888888 ?@A B C4 <;4 %&'(')*+, ' D+=&4E2FG45:HI +,- Q+';=*G*$R!; ( ) ( ) Cy x y x x− + + + − = .,1A')7S*6T 6y x ')*-." ( ) ( ) U Vx x x x∆ = + − + − = C- W1"61I 6 y x y x= − = + C- X Y+ y x= − 6*$),=61I C6 6 x x x= = − = − C- • Q% Cx = y x= − = • Q% x = − y x= − = • Q% x = − Vy x= − = C- X Y+ y x= + 6*$),=61I C6 6 Vx x x= = − = C- • Q% Cx = y x= + = • Q% x = − y x= + = − • Q% Vx = VVy x= + = C- QS6G*') ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Z CZ 6 Z 6 Z 6 ZV 6 VZVVx y = − − − − C- %&'('*+, D+=&4E2FG45:HI +,- / a ')'('%) -a n≤ [ ( ) n a< + C- Y+ Na ≥ 6 6a a a− − ')%'(G* -n 8<\>6) ?*1E 06 ( ) ( ) ]a a a n− − -^* ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) B N C N Ca a a n a a a a a a a− − ≤ < + ⇒ − + − < ⇒ − + − < -QE'\4!, Na ≥ 5- C- _,1" a = ,L Ba = ,L a = C- X Y+ a = { } B 66B6666N6n n≤ < ⇒ ∈ C- X Y+ Ba = { } B V66666n n≤ < ⇒ ∈ 4!, 6B]n 5 C- X Y+ a = { } N BC6n n≤ < ⇒ ∈ 4!, 6B6]n 5 C- QS ! n O')66B6666N66V666666BC6 C- %&/'(/'*+, D+=&4E2FG45:HI +,- &'() 6 6 6A M E F *('$+', ') 5J4KL2.,=`a._6b')*,1<G*`a$)._-=`a._0+ H$)MH - -PA PB PC PD= X c!dSef ,= AMBC 0+6*1I GM GA GB GC × = × /0 123/45 )% C- X c!d,= BFEC 0+6*1I GB GC GF GE× = × C- X ^* GF GE GM GA× = × C- X _,1"6= AMFE 0+- C- 670 N '/ 8 BC 4 H '9 : ABC &'( ') ;+<25 =>'6?6 GH AN⊥ X g,H+JO6$)=`hPi0+* M > 12312H# AH 6 !,1" HM MA⊥ - C- X * MH :';123 4 5O ; K 6H1"!, VCAMK∠ = o AK ')12H#G* 4 5O - C- X W1"* 6KC CA KB BA⊥ ⊥ -^* ]] 6 ]]KC BH KB CH 6!,1" BHCK ')7)- ^* KH 1J* N C- X [1" 6 6M H N 9)- C- X ,* GAN "*12*, 6AD NM :*; 6H H ')@AG** GAN -^* GH AN⊥ C- %&0'(')*+, ' N D K M G F E H O B C A D+=&4E2FG45:HI +,- a19=O=1$% ( ) B B 4 54 54 5 a b b c c a a b c abc a b b c c a abc + + + + + + ≥ + + + ÷ + + + C- .= 4 54 54 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 a b b c c a c a b a b c b c a abc+ + + = + + + + + + C- c!d719=.*Xa*,HX^j*k ( ) ( ) B B B 4 5 4 5 4 5 - - - - c a b a b c b c a abc a b b c c a abc c a b a b c b c a abc a b b c c a abc c a b abc + + + + + + + + + ≥ ÷ + + + ≥ + + + + + + ÷ ÷ + + + = + + + _lmne*H$)MH 4 5 4 5 4 5 -c a b a b c b c a abc abc a b c+ = + = + = ⇔ = = C- C- %&)'('*+, D+=&4E2FG45:HI +,- X &$E,6H#% × M"HEJ*+,6o$S6" HEJ*+,B C- X pH#77q$E6H#% × 6"R*+,6"R *+,B-_,1"6"#C3';HE*+,6oHE* +,B-Q$S6r')0,66N- X W1"6g, '\_'g6"0e#N'O- C- 4;0 1 )% ;+<25 =>'@?6 . ,* GAN "*12*, 6AD NM :*; 6H H ')@AG** GAN -^* GH AN C- %&0'(')*+, ' N D K M G F E H O B C A D+ =&4E2FG45:HI. ') 5J4KL2.,=`a._6b')*,1<G*`a$)._-=`a._0+ H$)MH - -PA PB PC PD= X c !d Sef ,= AMBC 0+6*1I GM GA GB GC × = × /0 123/45 )% C- X c !d ,= BFEC 0+6*1I GB. ., * / ABC 0 + 12 3 4 O 5- 6 6AD BE CF ') 7* 12 *, ( ) 6 6D BC E CA F AB∈ ∈ ∈ -829 EF : BC ; 6G 129 AG :';123 4