ptg 234 CHAPTER 9 Upgrading to SQL Server 2008 FIGURE 9.6 The Upgrade Advisor Progress screen. Note that the DTS Parameters screen advises that you must install the Legacy Components feature when installing SQL Server 2008; otherwise, SQL Server 2008 will not be able to run your DTS packages (unless they are upgraded to the new SSIS format). To upgrade your DTS packages, you need to use the DTS Migration Wizard, which is installed with SSIS and discussed later in this chapter, in the section “Migrating DTS Packages.” When you’re all set with your DTS and SSIS selections, click Next to reach the Confirm Upgrade Advisor Settings screen. Make sure that all the SQL Server services you are analyz- ing are running and (if you’re happy with your selections) click the Run button to begin the analysis. As you can see from the Upgrade Advisor Progress screen that appears (see Figure 9.6), the wizard performs a task-based study of each component, providing per-step reporting, similar to the installer and the System Configuration Checker (both discussed in Chapter 8). When the analysis is complete, the UA Progress screen presents a Launch Report button. The output of the UA Analysis Wizard is an XML report that you can view via the second major component of the UA, the Report Viewer, described in the next section. NOTE You can view your last-generated repor t by using the Repor t V iewer ; you can find the link to launch it on the main screen. If you run the UA more than once against the same SQL Server instance, however, you must save your previously generated reports to a directory other than the default output directory; otherwise, the previously gener- ated report will be overwritten. Download from www.wowebook.com ptg 235 Using the SQL Server Upgrade Advisor 9 UA reports are saved by default to the folder My Documents\SQL Server 2008 R2 Upgrade Advisor Reports\Servername, and then they are broken down into sepa- rate XML files by component (for example, AS.xml for Analysis Services, DE.xml for the Database Engine). You can launch the Report Viewer to figure out what to do about the issues the UA may have uncovered. Click the Launch Report button to proceed. The Report Viewer The Report Viewer is one of the most important tools in the upgrade process because it provides per-issue messaging, resolution tracking, and (in many cases) hyperlinks to the compiled help documentation distributed with the UA. Issues are organized in the Report Viewer on a per-server and then per-component basis. They can be filtered by type (that is, all issues, all upgrade issues, pre-upgrade issues, all migration issues, and resolved issues), and you can track your resolution progress by checking the This Issue Has Been Resolved check boxes. Figure 9.7 shows the main user interface of the Report Viewer. FIGURE 9.7 SQL Server UA’s Report Viewer. Download from www.wowebook.com ptg 236 CHAPTER 9 Upgrading to SQL Server 2008 Destination: SQL Server 2008 or SQL Server 2008 R2 Now that you have become familiar with how to use the helpful Upgrade Advisor, you’re ready to begin your extensive pre-upgrade testing phase. After you resolve all the issues you can, it’s time to take the next step: install SQL Server 2008 (in your test and develop- ment environments first, of course). Two different paths lead from SQL Server 2000 or 2005 to SQL Server 2008: . You can upgrade your existing SQL Server 2000 SP4 or later and SQL Server 2005 SP2 or later instances in-place, using the SQL Server Installer. . You can install SQL Ser ver 2008 side by side with your current SQL Ser ver instances and then migrate your data and other content to SQL Server 2008. The same upgrade paths exist for upgrading from SQL Server 2008 to SQL Server 2008 R2. The path you choose depends primarily on two factors: your comfort level with the new platform and the scope of feature use in your current environment. When you have become familiar with what it takes to travel either path, you’ll find it much easier to make your decision. The first approach we explore in this chapter is the more conservative side- by-side migration path. NOTE If the server environment where your current SQL Server installation resides is not a supported platform for performing an in-place upgrade, a side-by-side migration may be your only option. For example, if you are upgrading from SQL Server 7 or running in a Windows 2000 server environment, an in-place upgrade is not supported. For a list of supported in-place upgrade paths, see the “Upgrading In-Place” section, later in this chapter. Side-by-Side Migration SQL Server 2008 can coexist without a problem on the same servers as any existing SQL Server 2000 or 2005 instances. SQL Server 2008 R2 can coexist on the same servers as any existing SQL Server 2000, 2005, or 2008 instances. This means you can install one or more instances of SQL Server 2008 or 2008 R2 without performing an in-place upgrade of any pre-2008 instances. You don’t have to worry about whether you’re breaking existing func- tionality. Side-by-side migration is therefore an easy option to investigate. NOTE If you are doing a side-by-side installation, be sure your server has sufficient resources (CPU, memory, disk space) to support running multiple instances of SQL Server. Many administrators favor the side-by-side approach to upgrading because it gives every- one on the development team (including eager software folks) a chance to get comfortable Download from www.wowebook.com ptg 237 Destination: SQL Server 2008 or SQL Server 2008 R2 9 with the new features in the new SQL Server release before committing to it in production environments. In addition, it is far easier to roll back to your previous-version SQL Server components because installing side by side leaves them intact (unlike upgrading in-place, which replaces them). When you are reasonably comfortable with the new SQL Server release, you can go forward confidently in migrating all your objects (presuming that, if you’re leaving previous versions intact, you’re also ready to perform necessary tasks, such as changing connection strings, server aliases, and so on). Avoiding an Unintentional In-Place Upgrade During Setup If you do intend to go ahead with a side-by-side installation, there’s a small gotcha you need to watch out for when installing a new instance of SQL Server 2008. When you run the Setup program, the Instance Name screen is somewhat lengthy in its header’s verbiage, and if you don’t take the time to read it closely, you might unintentionally upgrade all your components. This is the lowdown: . If you choose the Default Instance radio button and you already have a SQL Server default instance, that default instance is upgraded. . If you the choose the Named Instance radio button, you need to make sure to enter a name that you know is not in use as an instance name; otherwise, the existing named instance is upgraded. Figure 9.8 shows an example of how to make the right choice and use an instance name, SQL2008R2, that makes it abundantly clear you are installing a new instance. FIGURE 9.8 Installing a new named SQL Server 2008 R2 instance. Download from www.wowebook.com ptg 238 CHAPTER 9 Upgrading to SQL Server 2008 Migrating Databases Now it’s time for the most important task: migrating your databases to SQL Server 2008. One method of migrating to SQL Server 2008 or 2008 R2 is by backing up your SQL Server 2000 and 2005 databases and restoring them to SQL Server 2008. Another method is to attach or restore a database from a prior version of SQL Server to SQL Server 2008. When you migrate using either of these methods, the database is upgraded automatically during the attach/restore process. NOTE Database backups created by using SQL Server 7.0 or earlier are in an incompatible format and cannot be restored in SQL Server 2008 or 2008 R2. For information on how to migrate a database from SQL Server 6.5 or 7.0 to SQL Server 2008, see the sec- tion “Upgrading from SQL Server 7 or SQL Server 6.5,” later in this chapter. When you use backup and restore to copy a database to another instance of SQL Server, the source and destination computers can be any platform on which SQL Server runs. The general steps to upgrade using backup and restore are as follows: 1. Back up the source database that resides on an instance of SQL Server 2000, SQL Server 2005, SQL Server 2008, or SQL Server 2008 R2. 2. Restore the backup of the source database on the destination SQL Server. Restoring the database automatically creates all the database files and upgrades the database. When restoring the database, you might need to use the MOVE option to relocate the data- base files because SQL Server 2008 and SQL Server 2008 R2 use a different default path than earlier versions. For more information on using backup and restore, see Chapter 14, “Database Backup and Restore.” In SQL Server 2008 R2, you can also use the detach and attach operations to migrate a user database from SQL Server 2000 or SQL Server 2005. After you attach a SQL Server 2005 or SQL Server 2000 or SQL Server 2008 database to SQL Server 2008 R2, the database is upgraded automatically and becomes available immediately. For more information on the syntax and options for detaching and attaching databases, see Chapter 23, “Creating and Managing Databases.” Another method of migrating an existing database is by using the SQL Server Copy Database Wizard to copy databases between multiple instances of SQL Server. TIP Before you use any of the methods described here, Microsoft recommends you run the appropriate DBCC consistency checks to make sure there is no data corruption within the databases to be migrated. Using the Copy Database Wizard Using the Copy Database Wizard is probably the easiest approach to use to migrate your databases to SQL Server 2008 or 2008 R2. To run the Download from www.wowebook.com ptg 239 Destination: SQL Server 2008 or SQL Server 2008 R2 9 Copy Database Wizard, using SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS), connect the Object Explorer to your previous SQL Server version’s instance. Expand Databases and then select and right-click the database you want to copy (or move) into SQL Server 2008. Then select Tasks, Copy Database. When the wizard’s initial Welcome page is displayed, click Next and then select your source server (the 2000 or 2005 instance). Click Next again and select your destination server (your newly installed SQL Server 2008 or SQL Server 2008 R2 instance). Click Next again to bring up the Select the Transfer Method screen. This screen provides two options for copying or moving your databases to SQL Server 2008: . Detach and Attach—This option is the same as the detach/attach method described previously. It’s fast, but it takes the database offline during the migration process. . Use the SQL Server Management Objects (SMO) to Import the Database—This option is slower, but it keeps the source database online during the process. NOTE When you use the detach and attach method, SSIS uses the service account of SQL Server Agent that is running on the 2008 (destination) instance. This account must be able to access the file systems of both servers; otherwise, the wizard will fail. Select the option that works best for you and then click Next. The Select Databases screen appears, and, as Figure 9.9 shows, you should check the Copy (not Move) check boxes for the databases you want to migrate. FIGURE 9.9 Selecting the databases to copy to SQL Server 2009. Download from www.wowebook.com ptg 240 CHAPTER 9 Upgrading to SQL Server 2008 FIGURE 9.10 Copy Database Wizard Configure Destination Database screen. CAUTION After a pre-2008 database is upgraded (in case you choose the Move Database option or you perform an attach or restore and delete the original), it cannot be downgraded back to its former version—not even if you attempt to detach/attach or restore it to SQL 2000 or 2005. Thus, it is especially important to create full backup copies of all your databases before you upgrade. It’s also a good idea to back up the entire Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server directory tree. After you make your database selections, click Next, and the Configure Destination Database screen appears for each database you selected in the previous step. This screen allows you to rename the database on the destination server if you so desire (see Figure 9.10). It also provides options to overwrite any existing databases or MDF (data) and LDF (log) files on the destination server or to create new ones in the folders of your choice. Make your selections and click Next. The Select Database Objects screen that appears next (see Figure 9.11) provides some real power because it allows the server-wide objects (those stored in the system databases and source database) to be imported. These objects include stored procedures residing in master, SQL Server Agent jobs, custom user-defined error messages, SSIS packages, and SQL Server logins. You need to click the ellipsis button to choose the specific ones you want to import (rather than choosing them all, which is the default). When you’re finished selecting the objects you want brought over, click Next again. The Configure the Package screen that appears next provides the opportunity to name and save the SSIS package created for migrating the database, and to specify how you want to log the messages generated during the transfer. Click Next to present the Schedule the Download from www.wowebook.com ptg 241 Destination: SQL Server 2008 or SQL Server 2008 R2 9 FIGURE 9.11 Importing server-wide objects, using the Copy Database Wizard. Package screen, which allows you to run the transfer immediately or schedule it to run at a specific time. You are also given an opportunity to specify an SSIS proxy account to use to run the transfer (you should make sure it’s an account that has appropriate permissions on both the source and destination servers to ensure a successful transfer). After you make your scheduling choices, click Next to display the Complete the Wizard screen (see Figure 9.12). Here, you have an opportunity to review the choices you’ve made on the prior screens. If everything looks okay, click Finish to complete the wizard and start or schedule the Copy Database package. FIGURE 9.12 The Copy Database Complete the Wizard screen. Download from www.wowebook.com ptg 242 CHAPTER 9 Upgrading to SQL Server 2008 Database Compatibility Level Migrating pre-2008 databases into SQL Server 2008 brings up the question of compatibility issues and database compatibility levels. The compatibil- ity level is a per-database setting that controls T-SQL execution behavior with regard to SQL Server’s versioning system. The T-SQL execution engine is flexible insofar as it has the capacity to switch between varying, version-dependent behaviors according to the current compatibility-level setting. When a database is upgraded to SQL Server 2008 from any earlier version of SQL Server, the database retains its existing compatibility level if it is at least 80 (SQL Server 2000). Upgrading a database with a compatibility level below 80 sets the database to compatibil- ity level 80. Compatibility level affects behaviors only for the specified database, not for the entire server. An important point to understand about database compatibility levels, however, is that the database compatibility-level setting is intended to provide only partial backward compatibility with earlier versions of SQL Server. It does not prevent the use of new T-SQL features available in SQL Server 2008 such as new data types and statements. The compatibility-level setting is provided primarily as an interim migration aid to work around version differences in the behaviors that are controlled by the relevant compatibil- ity-level setting. Essentially, it allows T-SQL code that may be using deprecated features or expects pre-100 level behaviors for certain commands to continue operating as it did in the prior version of SQL Server. Using the compatibility-level setting should not be viewed as a permanent solution. It should be used only until the T-SQL code affected by behav- ioral differences in SQL Server 2008 can be converted to work properly in SQL Server 2008. Then you can use ALTER DATABASE to change the compatibility level to 100. You can find a full list of the behavioral differences between the compatibility-level settings in the Books Online article associated with the “ALTER DATABASE Compatibility Level” topic. This option can be used to set the compatibility level for a particular database. To view the current compatibility level of a database, query the compatibility_level column in the sys.databases catalog view: select compatibility_level from sys.databases where name = db_name() go compatibility_level 90 Upgrading In-Place Now that you’ve seen how to migrate your databases to SQL Server 2008 by following the side-by-side migration path, let’s look at the alternative: upgrading in-place. Unlike a side- by-side install, an in-place upgrade permanently modifies the SQL Server components, data, and metadata objects, and there is no going back. You will likely be more comfort- able taking the side-by-side migration path than doing an in-place upgrade, unless a side- Download from www.wowebook.com ptg 243 Destination: SQL Server 2008 or SQL Server 2008 R2 9 by-side migration is not possible because of disk space limitations, you have very few SQL Server features in use, or you are fairly confident about the potential success of the upgrade process because you’ve done extensive issue resolution with the assistance of the Upgrade Assistant. If you are performing an in-place upgrade of the Database Engine, it is strongly recom- mended that you first do the following: . Create full, verified backups of your existing SQL Server databases. . Run the appropriate DBCC consistency checks (for example, DBCC CHECKDB and DBCC CHECKFILEGROUP). . Make sure the system databases on your pre-2008 instances (for example, master, msdb, tempdb, and model) are all set to auto-grow. . Disable any startup stored procedures that get kicked off when the SQL Server service starts. . Disable database replication and empty the replication log. After you perform all these actions, you are ready to begin the upgrade process. Upgrading the Database Engine You perform an in-place upgrade by running the SQL Server Installation Center. On the Installation page, you can invoke the Upgrade Wizard to upgrade from SQL Server 2000, 2005, or 2008 (see Figure 9.13). After first running the Setup Rules check and installing the Setup Support Files, the Upgrade Wizard essentially runs the installation process. (The installation process and all its screens are described in Chapter 8 under the heading, “Install Screens, Step by Step.”) The key differences between running a new install versus an upgrade is that during the upgrade process, you choose an existing default or named instance on the Select Instance screen (see Figure 9.14). After selecting the instance to upgrade, you see the Feature Selection page. The features to be upgraded are preselected. You cannot change the features to be upgraded, and you cannot add features during an upgrade operation. To add features, you need to run the Installation Center again after the upgrade operation is complete. After making choices on the Features Selection page, step through the Instance Configuration, Disk Space Requirements, and Server Configuration screens, making changes as necessary. For example, authentication and login information are carried forward from the previous instance of SQL Server. You can assign the same login account to all SQL Server services, or you can configure each service account individually. You can also specify whether services start automatically, are started manually, or are disabled. Next, you are presented with options for upgrading your full-text catalogs. In SQL Server 2005 and earlier versions, each full-text index resided in a full-text catalog that belonged to its own filegroup and was treated as a database file. In SQL Server 2008, a full-text catalog is a logical concept that refers to a group of full-text indexes and is no longer treated as a separate database file with a physical path. However, during upgrade of any Download from www.wowebook.com . databases to SQL Server 2008 or 2008 R2. To run the Download from www.wowebook.com ptg 239 Destination: SQL Server 2008 or SQL Server 2008 R2 9 Copy Database Wizard, using SQL Server Management. Migration SQL Server 2008 can coexist without a problem on the same servers as any existing SQL Server 2000 or 2005 instances. SQL Server 2008 R2 can coexist on the same servers as any existing SQL Server. Restore.” In SQL Server 2008 R2, you can also use the detach and attach operations to migrate a user database from SQL Server 2000 or SQL Server 2005. After you attach a SQL Server 2005 or SQL Server