YC Medium without Tryptophan 1925 Preparation of Medium: Add components, except methanol, to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure– 121°C. Aseptically add filter-sterilized methanol. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of bacteria that can utilize methanol as a carbon source, including Achromobacter methanolo- phila, Methanomonas methylovora, Methylobacterium species, and Pseudomonas methanolica. YC Agar without Tryptophan Composition per liter: Solution A 500.0mL Solution B 500.0mL Solution A: Composition per 500.0mL: Glucose 20.0g Succinic acid 10.0g NaOH 6.0g (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 5.0g KH 2 PO 4 0.6g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.3g Adenine 0.1g L-Arginine 0.1g L-Cysteine 0.1g L-Leucine 0.1g L-Lysine 0.1g L-Threonine 0.1g Uracil 0.1g L-Aspartic acid 0.05g L-Histidine 0.05g L-Isoleucine 0.05g L-Methionine 0.05g L-Phenylalanine 0.05g L-Proline 0.05g L-Serine 0.05g L-Tyrosine 0.05g L-Valine 0.05g NaCl 0.05g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.05g DL-Methionine 0.01g L-Histidine·HCl 0.005g Inositol 1.0mg KI 0.5mg H 3 BO 3 0.3mg ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.2mg MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O 0.2mg Thiamine·HCl 0.2mg Pyroxidine·HCl 0.2mg Niacin 0.2mg Calcium pantothenate 0.2mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 0.1mg Riboflavin 0.1mg FeCl 3 0.1mg Na 2 MoO 4 ·4H 2 O 0.1mg CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 0.02mg Folic acid 1.0μg Biotin 1.0μg pH 5.7 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Solution A: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 500.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 5.6–5.7. Filter sterilize. Warm to 50°–55°C. Solution B: Composition per 500.0mL: Agar, noble 20.0g Preparation of Solution B: Add agar to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 500.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to 50°–55°C. Preparation of Medium: Aseptically mix 500.0mL of solution A and 500.0mL of solution B. Mix thoroughly. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or distribute into sterile tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Saccharomyces cerevi- siae. YC Medium without Tryptophan Composition per liter: Solution A 500.0mL Solution B 500.0mL Solution A: Composition per 500.0mL: Glucose 20.0g Succinic acid 10.0g NaOH 6.0g (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 5.0g KH 2 PO 4 1.0g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.5g NaCl 0.1g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.1g Adenine 0.1g L-Arginine 0.1g L-Cysteine 0.1g L-Leucine 0.1g L-Lysine 0.1g L-Threonine 0.1g Uracil 0.1g L-Aspartic acid 0.05g L-Histidine 0.05g L-Isoleucine 0.05g L-Methionine 0.05g L-Phenylalanine 0.05g L-Proline 0.05g L-Serine 0.05g L-Tyrosine 0.05g L-Valine 0.05g Inositol 2.0mg KI 1.0mg H 3 BO 3 0.5mg ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.4mg MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O 0.4mg Thiamine·HCl 0.4mg Pyroxidine·HCl 0.4mg Niacin 0.4mg Calcium pantothenate 0.4mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 0.2mg Riboflavin 0.2mg FeCl 3 0.2mg Na 2 MoO 4 ·4H 2 O 0.2mg © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC 1926 YDC Agar CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 0.04mg Folic acid 2.0μg Biotin 2.0μg Preparation of Solution A: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 500.0mL. Adjust pH to 5.6–5.7. Filter ster- ilize. Warm to 50°–55°C. Solution B: Composition per 500.0mL: Agar, noble 20.0g Preparation of Solution B: Add agar to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 500.0mL. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Auto- clave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to 50–55°C. Preparation of Medium: Aseptically combine 500.0mL of solu- tion A and 500.0mL of solution B. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or dis- tribute into sterile tubes. Use: For the cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. YDC Agar (Yeast Extract Dextrose Calcium Carbonate Agar) Composition per liter: CaCO 3 , finely divided 20.0g Glucose 20.0g Agar 15.0g Yeast extract 10.0g pH 7. 0 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes in 10.0mL volumes. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Allow tubes to cool in a slanted position. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Pseudomonas species on agar slants. YDC Medium Composition per liter: CaCO 3 20.0g Glucose 20.0g Agar 15.0g Yeast extract 10.0g pH 7.2 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation of Bdellovibrio species. Yeast Agar, Van Niel’s Composition per liter: Agar 20.0g Yeast extract 10.0g K 2 HPO 4 1.0g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.5g pH 7.0–7.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to tap water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Dis- tribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure– 121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of a variety of microorganisms, including Cytophaga species, Heliobacterium chlorum, Rhodomicrobium vannielii, Lysobacter enzymogenes, Rhodobacter species, Rhodocyclus gelatinosus, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and Rhodospirillum rubrum. Yeast Agar, Van Niel’s with Glutamate Composition per liter: Agar 20.0g Yeast extract 10.0g K 2 HPO 4 1.0g MgSO 4 0.5g Monosodium glutamate 0.85g pH 7.0–7.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to tap water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Dis- tribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure– 121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of a variety of bacteria, including Bacillus firmus, Cytophaga johnsonae, Heliobacterium chlorum, Lysobacter enzymogenes, Rhodobacter capsulatus, Rhodo- microbium vannielii, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodocyclus gelatino- sus, Rhodocyclus gelatinosus, Rhodo-pseudomonas palustris, and Rhodospirillum rubrum. Yeast Agar, Van Niel’s with 2.5% Sodium Chloride (ATCC Medium 1370) Composition per liter: NaCl 25.0g Agar 20.0g Yeast extract 10.0g K 2 HPO 4 1.0g MgSO 4 0.5g pH 7.0–7.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to tap water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Dis- tribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure– 121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Chromatium vinosum and Rhodopseudomonas species. Yeast Agar, Van Niel’s with 25% Sodium Chloride Composition per liter: NaCl 250.0g Agar 20.0g Yeast extract 10.0g K 2 HPO 4 1.0g MgSO 4 0.5g pH 7.0–7.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to tap water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Dis- tribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure– 121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of halophilic bacteria, including Haloarcula vallismortis, Halococcus morrhuae, and Halo- bacterium species. © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Yeast Extract Agar 1927 Yeast Agar, Van Niel’s with Succinate Composition per liter: Agar 20.0g Yeast extract 10.0g Sodium succinate 1.35g K 2 HPO 4 1.0g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.5g pH 7.0–7.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to tap water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Dis- tribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure– 121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Yeast Ascospore Agar Composition per liter: Agar 30.0g Potassium acetate 10.0g Yeast extract 2.5g Glucose 1.0g Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Use: For the cultivation and observation of ascospore formation of yeast. Yeast Beef Agar See: Antibiotic Medium 4 Yeast Carbon Base, 10X (Wickerham Carbon Base Broth) Composition per liter: Glucose 10.0g KH 2 PO 4 1.0g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.5g NaCl 0.1g CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.1g DL-Methionine 0.02g DL-Tryptophan 0.02g L-Histidine·HCl 0.01g Inositol 2.0mg H 3 BO 3 0.5mg ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.4mg MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O 0.4mg Thiamine·HCl 0.4mg Pyridoxine 0.4mg Niacin 0.4mg Calcium pantothenate 0.4mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 0.2mg Riboflavin 0.2mg FeCl 3 0.2mg Na 2 MoO 4 ·4H 2 O 0.2mg KI 0.1mg CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 0.04mg Folic Acid 2.0μg Biotin 2.0μg pH 5.5 ± 0.2 at 25°C Source: This medium is available as a premixed powder from BD Di- agnostic Systems. Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Use: Used as a base to which different nitrogen sources may be added. For the cultivation and differentiation of bacteria based on their ability to utilize diverse added nitrogen sources. Yeast Dextrose Agar Composition per liter: Agar 15.0g Glucose 10.0g Yeast extract 10.0g pH 7.0 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Adjust pH to 7.0. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Use: For the cultivation of a variety of heterotrophic microorganisms. Yeast Extract Agar Composition per liter: Agar 15.0g Malt extract 10.0g Glucose 4.0g Yeast extract 4.0g pH 7.0 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the isolation and cultivation of Actinomadura species, Acti- nopolyspora species, Excellospora species, and Microspora species. Yeast Extract Agar Composition per liter: Agar 15.0g Peptone 5.0g Yeast extract 3.0g pH 7.2 ± 0.2 at 25°C Source: This medium is available as a premixed powder from Oxoid Unipath . Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the enumeration of microorganisms in potable and fresh water samples. Yeast Extract Agar Composition per liter: Agar 15.0g Peptone 9.5g Yeast extract 7.0g Beef extract 5.0g NaCl 5.0g pH 7.0 ± 0.2 at 25°C © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC 1928 Yeast Extract Agar Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation of Aeromonas salmonicida. Yeast Extract Agar Composition per liter: Agar 20.0g Yeast extract 1.0g Buffer solution 2.0mL pH 6.0 ± 0.2 at 25°C Buffer Solution: Composition per 400.0mL: KH 2 PO 4 60.0g Na 2 HPO 4 40.0g Preparation of Buffer Solution: Add 40.0g of Na 2 HPO 4 to 300.0mL of distilled/deionized water. Mix thoroughly. Add 60.0g of KH 2 PO 4 . Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 6.0. Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes. Use: For the identification of Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Coccidioides immitis. Yeast Extract Agar Composition per liter: Agar 15.0g Proteose peptone 10.0g NaCl 5.0g Yeast extract 3.0g Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation of a variety of heterotrophic microorganisms. Yeast Extract Agar for Schizosaccharomyces Composition per liter: Glucose 30.0g Agar 15.0g Yeast extract 5.0g Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Schizosaccharomyces japon- icus and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Yeast Extract Beef Extract Medium See: YB Medium Yeast Extract Dextrose Calcium Carbonate Agar See: YDC Agar Yeast Extract Glucose Agar Composition per liter: Agar 15.0g Glucose 15.0g K 2 HPO 4 5.2g KH 2 PO 4 3.18g NH 4 Cl 0.54g Yeast extract 0.5g MgSO 4 0.12g Trace elements solution 5.0mL pH 7.0 ± 0.2 at 25°C Trace Elements Solution: Composition per liter: ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.287g CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 0.249g MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O 0.223g Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 0.124g CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.118g KJ 0.083g H 3 BO 3 0.03g Preparation of Trace Elements Solution: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 7.0. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Auto- clave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacil- lus species, Clavibacter michiganense, Flavobacterium indologenes, Haf- nia alvei, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Serratia marcescens. Yeast Extract Glucose Broth Composition per liter: Glucose 15.0g K 2 HPO 4 5.2g KH 2 PO 4 3.18g NH 4 Cl 0.54g Yeast extract 0.5g MgSO 4 0.12g Trace elements solution 5.0mL pH 7.0 ± 0.2 at 25°C Trace Elements Solution: Composition per liter: ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.287g CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 0.249g MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O 0.223g Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 0.124g CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.118g KJ 0.083g H 3 BO 3 0.03g Preparation of Trace Elements Solution: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 7.0. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure– 121°C. © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Yeast Extract Malt Extract Glucose Agar 1929 Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacil- lus species, Clavibacter michiganense, Flavobacterium indologenes, Haf- nia alvei, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Serratia marcescens. Yeast Extract Glucose Calcium Carbonate Agar Composition per liter: CaCO 3 20.0g Glucose 20.0g Agar 15.0g Yeast extract 10.0g Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the isolation and cultivation of Erwinia species. Yeast Extract Glucose Carbonate Medium See: YGC Medium Yeast Extract Glucose Carbonate Peptone Medium See: YGCP Medium Yeast Extract Glucose Citrate Medium See: YGC Medium Yeast Extract Glucose Citrate Medium with Cysteine See: YGC Medium with Cysteine Yeast Extract Glucose Medium Composition per liter: Agar 15.0g Yeast extract 10.0g Glucose 10.0g Preparation of Medium: Add components to tap water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Dis- tribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure– 121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation of a variety of bacteria, including Streptomy- ces species, Rhodococcus species, and others. Yeast Extract Glycerol Medium Composition per liter: Agar 15.0g Yeast extract 5.0g Glycerol 50.0mL Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Geodermatophilus obscu- rus subspecies utahensis. Yeast Extract HiVeg Agar Composition per liter: Agar 15.0g Plant peptone 5.0g Yeast extract 3.0g pH 7.2 ± 0.2 at 25°C Source: This medium is available as a premixed powder from Hi- Media. Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the enumeration of microorganisms in potable and freshwa- ter samples. A highly nutritive medium recommended for plate count of microorganisms in water. Yeast Extract Malt Extract Agar See: ISP Medium 2 Yeast Extract Malt Extract Agar, Diluted 1/10 Composition per liter: Agar 20.0g Malt extract 1.0g Yeast extract 0.4g Glucose 0.4g pH 7.3 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 7.3. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Auto- clave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Actinomadura atramen- taria, Microtetraspora africana, Parvopolyspora pallida, and Strep- tosporangium fragile. Yeast Extract Malt Extract Glucose Agar Composition per liter: Agar 20.0g Glucose 10.0g Neopeptone 5.0g Malt extract 3.0g Yeast extract 3.0g Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the isolation and cultivation of yeasts. Yeast Extract Malt Extract Glucose Agar Composition per liter: Agar 20.0g Malt extract 10.0g Glucose 4.0g Yeast extract 4.0g pH 7.2 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Nocardia asteroides, Nocardia farcinica, Streptomyces antibioticus, Streptomyces argente- olus, Streptomyces aureofaciens, Streptomyces bluensis, Streptomyces caelestis, Streptomyces cinnamoneus, Streptomyces echinatus, Strep- tomyces griseocarneus, Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces hawaiien- © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC 1930 Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar sis, Streptomyces kanamyceticus, Streptomyces kentuckensis, Strepto- myces murinus, Streptomyces netropsis, Streptomyces niveus, Strepto- myces nogalater, Streptomyces nousei, Streptomyces paucisporo- genes, Streptomyces rimosus, Streptomyces sparsogenes, Streptomy- ces spectabilis, Streptomyces tendae, Streptomyces tenebraruis, Strep- tomyces violaceoruber, Streptomyces viridifaciens, and Vibrio salmo- nicida. Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar Composition per liter: Agar 15.0g Mannitol 10.0g CaCO 3 4.0g K 2 HPO 4 0.5g Yeast extract 0.4g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.2g NaCl 0.1g pH 6.8–7.0 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Omit CaCO 3 if a clear solution is needed. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation of members of the rhizobiaceae. Yeast Extract Medium Composition per liter: Yeast extract 10.0g Preparation of Medium: Add yeast extract to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Use: For the cultivation of Pseudomonas cepacia. Yeast Extract Medium with Sodium Sulfide Composition per liter: Yeast extract 10.0g Na 2 S 0.15g Preparation of Medium: Add yeast extract to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Immediately prior to inoculation, add 0.15g of Na 2 S. Mix thoroughly. Aseptically distribute into sterile tubes or flasks. Use: For the cultivation of Rhodospirillum molischianum. Yeast Extract Mineral Agar Composition per liter: Agar 15.0g Yeast extract 4.0g NaHPO 4 ·12H 2 O 3.5g K 2 HPO 4 1.0g NH 4 Cl 0.5g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.03g pH 7.0 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation of Bacillus azotoformans. Yeast Extract Mineral Medium (DSMZ Medium 259) Composition per liter: Agar 15.0g Yeast extract 4.0g Na 2 HPO 4 ·12H 2 O 3.5g K 2 HPO 4 1.0g NH 4 Cl 0.5g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.03g pH 7.1 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Bacillus azotoformans. Yeast Extract Nutrient Agar Medium See: YNA Medium Yeast Extract Nutrient Gelatin Medium See: YNG Medium Yeast Extract Peptone Beef Extract Medium See: YEPB Medium Yeast Extract Peptone Starch Agar Composition per liter: Agar 18.0g Soluble starch 10.0g Peptone 10.0g CaCO 3 5.0g Sodium acetate 5.0g Yeast extract 3.0g KH 2 PO 4 0.5g K 2 HPO 4 0.5g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.3g Sodium citrate 0.027g NaCl 0.01g MnSO 4 ·5H 2 O 0.01g CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 1.0mg CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 1.0mg FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O 1.0mg Preparation of Medium: Add components to tap water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Dis- tribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure– 121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Bacillus species that uti- lize starch as a carbon source. Yeast Extract Peptone Sulfate Cysteine Medium See: YPSC Medium Yeast Extract Phosphate Agar (YEP Agar) Composition per liter: Agar 20.0g Yeast extract 1.0g KH 2 PO 4 0.3g © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Yeast Extract Sucrose Agar 1931 Na 2 HPO 4 0.2g Phenol Red 1.0mg Source: This medium is available as a premixed powder from BD Di- agnostic Systems . Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the isolation of dimorphic pathogenic fungi from clinical specimens. Yeast Extract Proteose Peptone Medium See: YEPP Medium Yeast Extract Rose Bengal HiVeg Broth Base with Sorbose Composition per liter: Na 2 HPO 4 17.25g Yeast extract 5.0g Synthetic detergent 2.0g NaCl 1.0g Sodium pyruvate 1.0g Rose Bengal 0.04g MgSO 4 0.01g Sorbose solution 100.0mL pH 7.9 ± 0.2 at 25°C Source: This medium, without sorbose solution, is available as a pre- mixed powder from HiMedia. Sorbose Solution: Composition per 100.0mL: Sorbose 4.0g Preparation of Sorbose Solution: Add sorbose to distilled/deion- ized water and bring volume to 100.0mL. Filter sterilize. Preparation of Medium: Add components, except sorbose solu- tion, to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 900.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to 45–-50°C. Aseptically add 100.0mL of sterile sorbose solution. Mix thoroughly. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or distribute into sterile tubes. Use: For the cold enrichment for recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from foods. Yeast Extract Skim Milk Agar Composition per liter: Agar 15.0g Skim milk powder 10.0g Yeast extract 1.0g Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation of Lysobacter enzymogenes. Yeast Extract Sodium Lactate Medium Composition per liter: Agar 15.0g Pancreatic digest of casein 10.0g Yeast extract 10.0g Sodium lactate 10.0g KH 2 PO 4 2.5g MnSO 4 5.0mg pH 7.0 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the isolation, cultivation, and maintenance of Propionibacte- rium species. Yeast Extract Sucrose Agar (YESA) (ATCC Medium 2125) Composition per liter: Sucrose 20.0g Agar 15.0g Yeast extract .4.0g KH 2 PO 4 1.0g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.5g pH 6.2 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 6.2. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Auto- clave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of various fungi. Yeast Extract Sucrose Agar Composition per liter: Sucrose 150.0g Agar 20.0g Yeast extract .20.0g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.5g Trace metals solution 1.0mL pH 6.5 ± 0.2 at 25°C Trace Metals Solution: Composition per 100.0mL: ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 1.0g CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 0.5g Preparation of Trace Metals Solution: Add components to dis- tilled/deionized water and bring volume to 100.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 6.5. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Auto- clave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of various fungi. Yeast Extract Tryptone Medium See: YT Medium Yeast Extract Tryptone NaCl Medium See: YTN Medium © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC 1932 Yeast Fermentation Broth Yeast Fermentation Broth Composition per liter: Carbohydrate 10.0g Pancreatic digest of gelatin 7.5g Yeast extract 5.5g Bromcresol Purple 16.0mg Source: This medium is available as a premixed powder from BD Di- agnostic Systems . Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Distribute into test tubes, each containing an inverted Durham tube. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Use: For fermentation tests of specific carbohydrates used in the char- acterization and identification of yeasts. Gas accumulation in the Dur- ham tube and a color change of the medium to yellow indicates carbo- hydrate fermentation. Yeast Fermentation HiVeg Broth Base with Carbohydrate (Bromcresol Purple HiVeg Broth Base) Composition per liter: Plant peptone 10.0g NaCl 5.0g Plant extract 3.0g Bromcresol Purple 0.04g Carbohydrate solution 50.0mL pH 7.0 ± 0.2 at 25°C Source: This medium, without carbohydrate solution, is available as a premixed powder from HiMedia. Carbohydrate Solution: Composition per 100.0mL: Carbohydrate 10.0g Preparation of Carbohydrate Solution: Add carbohydrate to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 100.0mL. Adonitol, ara- binose, cellobiose, glucose, dulcitol, fructose, galactose, inositol, lac- tose, maltose, mannitol, raffinose, rhamnose, salicin, sorbitol, sucrose, trehalose, xylose, or other carbohydrates may be used. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Preparation of Medium: Add components, except carbohydrate solution, to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute in 10.0mL vol- umes into test tubes containing inverted Durham tubes. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to 25°C. Add 0.5mL of sterile carbohydrate solution to each tube. Use: For the determination of carbohydrate fermentation reactions of microorganisms. Yeast Fermentation Medium Composition per liter: Peptone 7.5g Yeast extract 4.5g Bromthymol Blue (1.6% solution) 1.0mL Carbohydrate solution 1.0mL Carbohydrate Solution: Composition per 10.0mL: Carbohydrate 0.6g Preparation of Carbohydrate Solution: Add carbohydrate to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0mL. Glucose, maltose, lactose, galactose, or trehalose may be used. If raffinose is used, prepare a 12% solution. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Preparation of Medium: Add components, except carbohydrate solution, to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute in 2.0mL vol- umes into test tubes that contain an inverted Durham tube. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Cool to 45°–50°C. Aseptically add 1.0mL of sterile carbohydrate solution. Mix thoroughly. Use: For the cultivation and differentiation of yeast based on carbohy- drate fermentation patterns. Yeasts that can ferment a specific carbo- hydrate turn the medium yellow. Yeast Glucose Agar Composition per liter: Agar 15.0g Pancreatic digest of gelatin 7.75g Beef extract 4.75g Yeast extract 2.5g K 2 HPO 4 2.5g Glucose 1.0g pH 7.0 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of a wide variety of bacteria. Yeast Glucose Agar Composition per liter: Glucose 20.0g Agar 15.0g Yeast extract 10.0g pH 7.0 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation of Acetobacter aceti, Acetobacter hansenii, Ace- tobacter liquefaciens, Acetobacter pasteurianus, Acetobacter species, Brevibacterium species, Dermabacter hominus, Clostridium saccharoper- butylacetonicum, Corynebacterium amycolatum, Gluconobacter asaii, Gluconobacter cerinus, Gluconobacter frateurii, Gluconobacter oxydans, Gluconobacter species, Lactococcus piscium, and Streptococcus mutans. Yeast Glucose Agar for Acetobacter Composition per liter: Glucose 100.0g CaCO 3 20.0g Agar 15.0g Yeast extract 10.0g pH 7.0 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Yeast Malate Medium 1933 Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Acetobacter aceti, Aceto- bacter pasteurianus, and Gluconobacter oxydans. Yeast Glucose Broth Composition per liter: Pancreatic digest of gelatin 7.75g Beef extract 4.75g Yeast extract 2.5g K 2 HPO 4 2.5g Glucose 1.0g pH 7.0 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Use: For the cultivation of Staphylococcus caseolyticus. Yeast Glucose Broth Composition per liter: Glucose 20.0g Yeast extract 10.0g Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Use: For the cultivation of Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus pseudo- avium, Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus solitarius, Enterococcus sulfureus, Lactococcus raffinolactis, and Vagococcus fluvialis. Yeast Glucose Broth (YGB) Composition per liter: Beef extract 10.0g Peptone 10.0g NaCl 5.0g Glucose 5.0g Yeast extract 3.0g pH 6.8 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 6.8. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure– 121°C. Use: For the cultivation of Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus angi- nosus, and Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Yeast Glucose Litmus Milk See: YGLM Yeast Glucose Litmus Milk with Chalk See: YGLM with Chalk Yeast HiVeg Agar (Antibiotic HiVeg Assay Medium No. 4) Composition per liter: Agar 15.0g Plant peptone 6.0g Yeast extract 3.0g Plant extract 1.5g Glucose 1.0g pH 6.6 ± 0.05 at 25°C Source: This medium is available as a premixed powder from Hi- Media. Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For antibiotic assay testing. Yeast Malate Medium Composition per liter: Yeast extract 5.0g Sodium malate 1.0g pH 7.0 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Use: For the cultivation of Rhodopseudomonas viridis. Yeast Malate Medium Composition per liter: KH 2 PO 4 ·12H 2 O 1.0g NaHCO 3 1.0g Sodium malate 1.0g (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 0.5g Trace elements solution 1.0mL pH 6.8 ± 0.2 at 25°C Trace Elements Solution: Composition per liter: H 3 BO 3 0.3g CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.2g ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.1g MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 0.03g Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 0.03g NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.02g CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.01g Preparation of Trace Elements Solution: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Preparation of Medium: Add components, except trace elements solution, to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 999.0mL. Mix thoroughly. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Asep- tically add 1.0mL of sterile trace elements solution. Mix thoroughly. Aseptically distribute into sterile tubes or flasks. Use: For the cultivation of Rhodopseudomonas viridis. Yeast Malate Medium (LMG 176) Composition per 1001.0mL: KH 2 PO 4 ·12H 2 O 1.0g NaHCO 3 1.0g Sodium malate 1.0g Yeast extract 1.0g (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 0.5g Trace elements solution 1.0mL pH 6.8–7.0 at 25°C © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC 1934 Yeast Malt Agar Trace Elements Solution: Composition per liter: H 3 BO 3 0.3g CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.2g ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.1g MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 0.03g Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 0.03g NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 0.02g CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O 0.01g Preparation of Trace Elements Solution: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 6.8–7.0. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure– 121°C. Use: For the cultivation of Rhodopseudomonas viridis. Yeast Malt Agar Composition per liter: Agar 20.0g Malt extract 10.0g Glucose 4.0g Yeast extract 4.0g pH 7.2 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Adjust pH to 7.2. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of actinomycetes, yeasts, and fungi. Yeast Malt Agar for Arthrobacter viscosus Composition per liter: NaCl 10.0g Pancreatic digest of casein 10.0g Yeast extract 5.0g pH 7.0 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. Use: For the cultivation of Arthrobacter viscosus and Escherichia coli. Yeast Malt Extract Agar (YM Agar) Composition per liter: Agar 20.0g Glucose 10.0g Peptone 5.0g Yeast extract 3.0g Malt extract 3.0g pH 6.2 ± 0.2 at 25°C Source: This medium is available as a premixed powder from BD Di- agnostic Systems . Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. The medium may be rendered selective by adjust- ing the pH to 3.0–4.0 at 45°–55°C or by the addition of antibiotics at 45°–50°C or below. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or leave in tubes. Use: For the cultivation of fungi, including yeasts, and other aciduric microorganisms such as Actinoplanes species, Streptomyces species, Streptoverticillium species, and Nocardia species. Yeast Malt Extract Broth (YM Broth) Composition per liter: Glucose 10.0g Peptone 5.0g Yeast extract 3.0g Malt extract 3.0g pH 6.2 ± 0.2 at 25°C Source: This medium is available as a premixed powder from BD Di- agnostic Systems . Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. The medium may be rendered selective by adjusting the pH to 3.0–4.0 at 45°–55°C or by the addition of antibiotics at 45°–50°C or below. Use: For the cultivation of yeasts, molds, and other aciduric microor- ganisms such as Actinoplanes species, Streptomyces species, Strep- toverticillium species, and Nocardia species. Yeast Malt Extract Broth with 0.5% Calcium Carbonate (YM Broth with 0.5% CaCO 3 ) Composition per liter: Glucose 10.0g Peptone 5.0g CaCO 3 5.0g Yeast extract 3.0g Malt extract 3.0g pH 6.2 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. The medium may be rendered selective by adjusting the pH to 3.0–4.0 at 45–55°C or by the addition of antibiotics at 45–50°C or below. Use: For the cultivation and maintenance of Dekkera anomala, Dekkera bruxellensis, Dekkera claussenii, and Dekkera lambica. Yeast Malt Extract Broth with 2.0% Calcium Carbonate (YM Broth with 2.0% CaCO 3 ) Composition per liter: CaCO 3 20.0g Glucose 10.0g Peptone 5.0g Yeast extract 3.0g Malt extract 3.0g pH 6.2 ± 0.2 at 25°C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Distribute into tubes or flasks. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure–121°C. The medium © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC . 40.0g Preparation of Buffer Solution: Add 40.0g of Na 2 HPO 4 to 300.0mL of distilled/deionized water. Mix thoroughly. Add 60.0g of KH 2 PO 4 . Mix thoroughly. Adjust pH to 6.0. Preparation of Medium:. 50–55°C. Preparation of Medium: Aseptically combine 500.0mL of solu- tion A and 500.0mL of solution B. Pour into sterile Petri dishes or dis- tribute into sterile tubes. Use: For the cultivation of Saccharomyces. and maintenance of a variety of microorganisms, including Cytophaga species, Heliobacterium chlorum, Rhodomicrobium vannielii, Lysobacter enzymogenes, Rhodobacter species, Rhodocyclus gelatinosus,