a Một số động từ khi thêm –Ing hoặc - ed được dùng như một tính từ, chúng có nghĩa tương tự nhưng cách dùng thì khác nhau.. Untill – được dùng như một giới từ hoặc một liên từ trong mệnh
Trang 1Unit 13. FILMS AND CINEMA
Language focus.
1 Adjectives of attitude
2 It is/ was not untill …that …
3 a/an and the.
A Adiectives of attitude or adiectives ending in ‘ –ing’ or ‘ – ed’ (Các tính từ chỉ thái độ hoặc các tính từ tận cùng bằng đuôi –Ing hoặc – ed.
a) Một số động từ khi thêm –Ing hoặc - ed được dùng như một tính từ, chúng có nghĩa tương tự nhưng cách dùng thì khác nhau Cụ thể:
* Tính từ ‘ –ing ‘ thường có ý nghĩa “ gây ra” (thường dùng cho vật hoặc sự việc)
* Tính từ ‘ –ed’ thường có ý nghĩa là “bị/ được” (thường dùng cho người)
Ví dụ:- Learning English is interesting.
- Many students are interested in learning English
b) Một số tính từ tận cùng “-ing” và “-ed” thường gặp:
- confuse confusing/ confused khó hiểu/ rối trí
- disappoint disappointing/ disappointed thất vọng
- fascinate fascinating/fascinated hấp dẫn
- frighten frightening/ frightened sợ hãi
- interest interesting/ interested thú vị
- surprise surprising/ surprised ngạc nhiên
B It is/ was not untill …that …( cho mãi đến khi/ cho đến tận khi).
Untill – được dùng như một giới từ hoặc một liên từ trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
Ví dụ:- she didn’t get homeuntill 2 a.m
* Chúng ta có thể dùng cấu trúc: “It is / was not untill … that …” có nghĩa
tương tự, nhưng có phần nhấn mạnh hơn
Ví dụ:- It was not untill 2 a.m that she got home.
(Mãi đến 2h sáng cô ấy mới về nhà).
* Chú ý: - “ It is / was not untill …” phải nối với mệnh đề theo sau bằng THAT không
dùng WHEN.
Ví dụ:- It was not untill 1990 that she got married → Right.
- It was not untill 1990 when she got married → Wrong
C Articles: “ a/ an and the”
a) Cách dùng A/ AN.
* “A/ AN” – dùng trước một danh từ đếm được số ít, với ý nghĩa là một (one).
- “A” – dùng trước một phụ âm
Ví dụ: - a house, a car, a man, a teacher,…
- “AN” – dùng trước một nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i).
Ví dụ:- an apple, an actor, an old man, an easy job,…
Trang 2=> “A/ AN “ – được gọi là mạo từ bất định, nghĩa là không chỉ rõ người nào hoặc vật
nào.
Ví dụ:- There was a big tree in the garden.
- “A/ AN” – thường được dùng trước một nghề nghiệp.
Ví dụ:- My uncle is a farmer, and my auntis a housewife.
b) Cách dùng “The”
- “The” – có thể dùng trước một danh từ không đếm được, danh từ số ít hoặc số nhiều:
the water, the pollution, the child,…
- “The” – là mạo từ xác định, nghĩa là chỉ rõ người nào hoặc vật nào mà người nói và
người nghe đầu biết.
Ví dụ:- Please! Turn down the television.
- “The” – được dùng với danh từ có ý nghĩa là người hoặc vật duy nhất (nên không thể
nhầm lẫn).
Ví dụ: - the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the President,…
- “The” – theo sau là tính từ hoặc từ chỉ quốc tịch để chỉ một nhóm người (Unit 4)
Ví dụ:- The poor, the old, the homeless,…
- “The” – dùng trước tên sông, biển, đại dương, kênh đào, dãy núi, quần đảo.
Ví dụ:- Sông: The Mekong river, the Nile, the Amazon, the Mississippi,…
- Biển, đại dương: the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Red sea, the Mediterranean,…
- Kênh đào: the Suez Cannal, the Panama Cannal,…
- Dãy núi: the Andes, the Alps,…
- Quần đảo: the Canaries, the Bahamas, the Hawaiian Islands,…
* Chú ý: Không dùng “the” trước tên quốc gia, thành phố, châu lục, một ngọn núi,
một hòn đảo.
Ví dụ:- Quốc gia: Vietnam, Engliand,…
- Thành phố: London, Paris,Hanoi,…
- Châu lục: Asia, Europe,…
- Ngọn núi: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji,…
- Một hòn đảo: Phu quoc Island,…
- “The” – trước tên một số quốc gia, thường là khi tên quốc gia đó gồm một tập hợp
nhiều từ, hoặc có ý nghĩa số nhiều
Ví dụ: - The Unite Kingdom, the Unite states, the Czech Republic,…
c) Dùng “a/an” hoặc “the”.
Trong một câu, chúng ta thường dùng “a/an” khi đề cập về người hoặc vật đó lần đầu, nếu chúng ta muốn đề cập đến người hoặc vật đó lần 2 thì ta dùng “the”.
Ví dụ:- I saw a man walking with a dog in the park this morning.
- The man was blind and the dog was leading him
Exercise:
I Comeplete the sentences with the suitable “-ed”, “-ing” form of the words in brackets.
1 The book I’m reading is really _ing (Interest)
2 I’m really -ed in reading this book (Interest)
3 The girl was _ed _ about her coming birthday party (Excite)
4 The match we saw on TV last night was very -ing (Excite)
5 The story I just finished had a very ing ending (Surprise)
6 I was really _ed _ by the ending of the story (Surprise)
7 The characters in the story are ing _ (Fascinate)
8 The child is really _-ed _ by the characters in the story (Facsinate)
9 I’m ed _ I can’t understand the instructions on this box (Confuse)
Trang 310 The instructions on the box are _ing (Confuse)
II Rewrite the following sentences, using “It was not untill … that…”
1 I didn’t finished the report untill midnight
→ It was not untill midnight that I finished the report
2 The manager didn’t return from his holiday untill Monday
→ It was not untill Monday that the manager returned from his holiday
3 She didn’t answer his phone call untill he had phoned her the third time
→ It was not untill he had phoned her the third time that she answered his phone call
4 They didn’t buy the house untill the bank had lent them the money
→ It was not untill the bank had lent them the money that they bought the house
5 Denise didn’t know the truth untill we had told her
→ It was not untill we had told her that Denise knew the truth
6 The work on the new bridge wasn’t completed untill the end of 2004
→ It was not untill the end of 2004 that the work on the new bridge was completed
7 Julia didn’t notice me untill I had shouted to her
→ It was not untill I had shouted to her that Julia noticed me
8 Olivia didn’t leave the office untill everybody had gone home
→ It was not untill everybody had gone home that Olivia left the office
9 No one could leave the stadium until 2.30
It was not untill 2.30 that everyone could leave the stadium.
10.She weren't allowed to open her presents until her birthday
It was not untill her birthday that she were allowed to open her presents.
11.We didn't have any holiday until last summer
It was not untill last summer that we had a holiday.
12 She didn't stop learning German until the age of 24
It was not untill the age of 24 that she stopped learning German.
13 I couldn't finish my project until Mark helped me
It was not untill Mark helped me that I could finish my project
14 I didn't sleep until midnight
It was not untill midnight that I slept.
15 They didn't pay the bill until the electricity was cut off
It was not untill the electricity was cut off that they paid the bill.
16 I couldn't comment further until I had all the information
It was not untill I had all the information that I could comment further.
III Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one.
1 It was not untill she was twenty – nine that Paula decided to get married
→ Paula didn’t decide to get married untill she was twenty – nine
2 It was not untill the sun had risen that I woke up
→ I didn’t wake up untill the sun had risen
3 It was not untill I had showed it to him that Simon realized his mistake
→ Simon didn’t realize his mistake untill I had showed it to him
4 It was not untill the spring came that the ice on the lake thawed
→ The ice on the lake didn’t thaw untill the spring came
5 It was not untill the building was almost burned down that the firemen arrived
→ The firemen didn’t arrive untill the building was almost burned down
6 It was not untill it had stopped raining that we left the party
→ We didn’t leave the party untill it had stopped raining
7 It was not untill all the shops had closed that Isabel decided to go shopping
→ Isabel didn’t decide to go shopping untill all the shops had closed
Trang 48 It was not untill the robbers had gone that the police came to the scene.
→ The police didn’t come to the scene untill the robbers had gone.5
IV Put in “a”, “an” or “the” in each blank.
1 How far is it from here to the airport?
2 “What’s the _ capital of Spain?” – “It’s Madrid”
3 My father works in _an _ office _the city center
4 _the earth is _a planet of _the solar system
5 She was born in a _ village in the _ north of England
6 the _ village where she was born has _a _ beautiful river
7 Who is the _ best singer in _the _ United Kingdom?
8 Can you switch off _the television? Nobody’s watching it
9 He left bored with _the _ woman who sat beside him at the party
10 The ship was crossing _the _ Atlantic Ocean when it hit a _ huge iceberg
11 Mount Everest is _the _ hightest mountain in the _ world
12 the _ Mississppi River flows through several states of _the _ United States
13 My grandparents live in an _ old house in the _ south of Dong Nai provice There is a large garden behind _the house They grow some fruit trees and vegetables in the _ garden
14 There was an _ accident near my house this morning _a taxi crashed into a lamp post _the taxi was damaged, but the driver of the taxi was not hurt
15 This morning I had a _ sandwich and a _ cup of coffee for breakfast the sandwich was OK, but _the coffee was terrible