Iia listening part 4 các Điểm quan trọng và từ Đồng nghĩa 15 16

Which double in number may attack organic vegetables.. • Production of organic products for animals including organic 37.... 39 conclusion in international organic farming review focuses

Part 4

Chú ý cấu trúc ngữ pháp (rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ + bị động) 15T1P4

15T2P4

Tập trung nghe từ đồng nghĩa 15T3P4

15T1P4

V3T6P4 - 5:35’

…

The stalk is used to make 39

The trunk is used in the construction of 40

But even that isn't all

The stalks of the long-term leaves can also be used They are really strong and grow up to 1.5 meters long and local people produce from them

Even when a lawn Tarr tree becomes old and unproductive and no longer can be used for tapping the whole tree is cut down and the thick trunk is utilized for building _

Their immense strength means that they are highly valued for this purpose Now one thing I haven't spoken about is …

15T4P4

16T2P4

V1T5P4 – 2:37’

Food and household

• The availability of 33 in our diet ( e.g in potatoes) is great improved.

• The packaging cost of 34 is particularly reduced

• Nanotechnology can increase the 35 of food.

• Nanotechnology can be used to make new types of furniture.

Despite the concern, nanotechnology has benefited society in unexpected ways In the food processing industry, nanotechnology is leveraged against _ deficiency, which triggers anemia, for example, by reducing the particle size in potatoes This new technology improves the bioavailability of this nutritional ingredient without the tendency to cause color and odor changes In terms of packaging, nanomaterials are more economical and are used in all sorts of products in particular Nanotechnology can also enhance the of food On a domestic scale, we expect more smart furniture, which is made of shape, memory alloys to be manufactured

V1T6P4 – 3:33’

• Measures taken by local organisation:

- To increase birds' rate of 36 in various ways

- To reduce the dangers caused by 37 ………… farms, e.g , colliding with

turbines

A number of measures were thus taken by members from local animal conservation organisations to boost their alarming _ rates Firstly, breeding boxes were placed in trees, taking on the role of breeding holes that were contaminated Protection guidelines were also introduced strictly prohibiting killing, disturbance and habitat destruction A further measure was taken to ensure the safety of birds from wind farms In fact, birds are sometimes shaded by wind turbine blades A great deal of work was done on how

to prevent them from colliding with turbines A case in point was protecting space for bird migration by ensuring that migratory routes were kept free Falcons generally cope well with wind turbines, but not in weather conditions where visibility is bad So with knowledge of how fast falcons fly, bird stations in northern Australia can notify _ farms further south of the Falcons approach so that turbines can be shut down as they pass by

V5T1 – đề lạ

PART 4

Questions 31-40

Questions 31-34

Complete me notes below

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer

Recycling Tyres in Australia Background

More than 1.5 milion tyres dumped in Australa per 31……… Previous recycling attempts failed because

 there were pollution problems smoke from burning

 recycling companies didn’t make any 32………

Advantages of Molectra's process

 More economical because smaller machines are used

 Less maintenance – tyres softened before shredding

 No limit on the 33 ……… of tyres recycled

The Future

 Ten more factories being built

 Plans to spend 5% of income each year on 34………

Questions 35-40

Complete the Now-chart below

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer

You will hear a man giving a lecture on his tire recycling company to environmental science students First, you have some time to look at Questions 31 to 40 Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40

Good afternoon I'm the managing director of Electra Technologies and we are involved in recycling tyres from vehicles such as cars and trucks This might not sound new or exciting, but the method we use is quite radical compared to traditional tyre recycling methods

We strongly believe that the business of recycling tyres is crucial as amazingly every month in Australia alone the number of old tyres that are discarded exceeds 1.5 million, and when you look at the figure globally it is a staggering 1.2 billion each year

For decades, various recycling methods have been trialled, with varying degrees of success In some cases, the solution was as bad as the problem Incinerating tyres, for example, generates toxic fumes which are harmful to the environment

Breaking up whole tires as energy intensive and produces A contaminated product with very little value As

a result, there was little incentive to get into the business because there was no profit in it And yet a tire is made-up of so many valuable components and it is for this reason that we started trying out new recycling methods

In the end, our factory came up with a much improved system for recycling old tyres The electoral process

is different for a number of reasons Firstly, it is a lot cheaper to run because our machines are much more compact in comparison to traditional systems This in turn reduces energy consumption The wear and tear

on the shredding equipment, which cuts up the tyres is also reduced as the tyres fed through them have already been softened Costs are reduced by over 30% using our system And significantly, our machines can handle a tire of any size from the smallest bicycle or wheelbarrow right up to the largest earth moving truck Most other processors can only handle car tyres

Our technology has proven to work and we have won many awards including the Australian Museum's Eureka Award, and last year on a national TV programme We were chosen as the invention of the year

Winning that certainly opened many doors for us, with interest coming from 27 countries around the world, including the United States and China To cope with the demand, we will soon have 10 more

factories which will operate 24 hours a day just to stabilize the current stockpile We are passionate about taking this process further and so we have chosen to dedicate 5% of every dollar we make to research In this way we can ensure we are always the best in the business

So let's look at the process we use what we extract from the tie and each stage of the process and the uses that those materials can be put to The first step of the process mechanically extracts the steel wires from the rim of the tyre This high quality wire can be cut into small pellets suitable for sandblasting shots Next, after the tyres have been sliced into a number of segments, depending on tyre diameter, they are

chemically treated This chemical treatment is essential as it removes dirt from the rubber prior to the rest

of the process

The cleaning process also softens the tyres, making them easier to chop up In the next stage the fibre cords contained in the tire segments are separated from the rubber using rollers The fibres, which can include nylon and rayon, can be used as a reinforcement for concrete, or they can be used to form plastic panels Then the rubber is cut up into very small pieces known as crumb rubber

For a tire weighing 10 kilograms, Electra can recover 7 1/2 kilograms of crumb rubber that can be used to manufacture a range of rubber products, such as asphalt used in road making It is also used as insulation

in buildings or something simple like tiles for the floor

Alternatively, any or all of this crumb rubber can continue through to the final stage This final stage involves a patented Electra VAC machine which uses industrial microwave energy This changes the remaining rubber into hydrocarbon which can be used to make three different products

We can cheaply produce activated carbon, which is usually quite expensive to make from new materials It's used for treating water as well as being an integral part of air filters Secondly, as the carbon produced

is very pure, in fact it's over 97.4% pure, we can crush it to form something called carbon black, which is used in the manufacture of batteries and also ink

Our process is very flexible and we can alter the quantity of each of the three products depending on demand Finally, we can even use the hydrocarbon to make oil and we use this to generate electricity to power our own machines It certainly helps to keep the costs down

And that's just about it So if there are any…

V1T7 – đề lạ

SECTION 4 Questions 31-40

Complete the notes below

Write ONE WORD ANDI OR A NUMBER for each answer

Organic Farming

Advantages

• Organic farming is 31

• It can boost the 32 of organic food products

• It can save necessary 33 for producing pesticides and fertilisers

Comparison with traditional Farming

• 34 Which double in number may attack organic vegetables

• Production of organic vegetables such as tomatoes and 35 Is 40% lower

• Winter weed production is 36 lower than it used to be

• Production of organic products for animals including organic 37 keeps the same

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C

38 what happened to organic farming in India?

A Yields increased

B Farmers were reluctant to accept it

C farmers could apply it successfully by following instructions

39 conclusion in international organic farming review focuses on

A whether people are interested in organic farming

B comparing different methods of organic farming in different countries

C weather organic farming is beneficial to wildlife

40 According to speaker, what is the main advantages of organic farming?

A it depends on consumers

B it can produce food of more nutritional value

C it can protect the environment

You will hear part of a lecture on organic farming First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40 Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40

Hi, everyone What I'm going to talk about today is organic farming Let's first look at what organic farming is

It can be defined as one or more systems of production which don't use synthetic fertilizers, manmade pesticides, herbicides, antibiotics or livestock feed additives to grow crops and raise animals Virtually all organic farmers prefer to use renewable resources and recycling to give what conventional farmers might consider a waste back to the soil of Mother Nature From this we can see organic farming is a sustainable production system, which is one of its advantages

Organic farmers use numerous techniques to promote the quality of life of plants and animals within existing ecosystems and minimize pollution that occurs with all conventional farming practices Another benefit is that with the increasing consumer demand for a healthier, more nutritionally balanced product, the sales of organically produced food are promoted According to the research, it has become the fastest growing sector

of agriculture and has shown an annual increase of at least 20% during the last six years What's more, both chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides consume nonrenewable resources such as oil and coal But the development of organic farming can lower the demand for these fertilizers and pesticides, so it is conducive

to the conservation of essential energy At the same time, it also can reduce industrial pollution caused by the production of these chemical substances

Organic farming differs greatly from the traditional one in a number of ways Let's discuss it from the perspective of agricultural biodiversity Firstly, for instance, earthworms are an important indicator of soil fertility Studies have shown that the density and species number of earthworms in organically managed soils are three times as high as those in conventional fields Moreover, the biodiversity in organic farming can also

be reflected in the number of insects, which is twice as many as those in traditional farms This might be highly related to the fact that organic vegetables are grown without any human made pesticides, making these vegetables more likely to be damaged The other main difference between organic and traditional farming lies in crop yields One of the biggest concerns of organic farmers organic farms, though possibly well adapted for certain local environments, produce less food per unit of land For example, organic vegetables like tomatoes and potatoes yielded 40% less than conventional ones In addition, research has also found the number of weeds produced in winter is about 90% at present, which is decreased by 10% than before

However, lower crop yields in organic farming are still inevitable at the moment Anyway, organic farming is a new direction for agricultural development These days, a variety of organic products are cultivated not only for humans, but also for animals For example, organic grass is commonly used in organic farms to feed cows Because of the nonuse of synthetic fertilizers or pesticides, it can protect cows from diseases brought by large scale breeding, thus ensuring the quality of raw milk But an interesting phenomenon is that its production has remained constant these years, which is quite unique compared with other types of crops

Research on organic farming has covered various aspects and involved many countries According to one study, organic farming was proposed in India in the early 1960s when it was faced with acute shortages of food grains due to the ever increasing population and natural disasters Although it could not be applied successfully at first, as farmers had been familiar with conventional instructions, proponents of organic farming claimed that organic agriculture emphasized biodiversity and effective soil management could

enhance the capacity to mitigate and even reverse the effects of climate change So India needed organic farming along with modern scientific agriculture The study shows that in 2006, India became the country with the largest number of organic products and the production of crops kept growing year on year

Another international review about organic farming presents In the first part, the people today have become increasingly interested in organic food and this opinion is quite the same as that of other articles But what impressed me most was the volume of the investigation the author did in different countries He conducted a survey in 99 countries, of which 66 are convinced that organic farming is beneficial to animals, while eight hold the opposite opinion and the remaining 25 say it is inconclusive Therefore, the last part of the review is mainly talking about whether organic farming brings positive effects to animals We can see there are different views about the advantages of organic farming Some may think it can provide more nutritious and healthier food Others may say it can protect the natural environment and benefit wildlife However, as far as I'm concerned, it's you, the ones who buy organic products that will decide what they can bring to you because market demand determines everything Okay, that's all I want to say Now, let's open it up for discussion