IONIC LIQUIDS: APPLICATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES ppt

IONIC LIQUIDS: APPLICATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Edited by Alexander Kokorin Ionic Liquids: Applications and Perspectives Edited by Alexander Kokorin Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Ana Nikolic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Martina Sirotic Image Copyright Sebastian Duda, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published February, 2011 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Ionic Liquids: Applications and Perspectives, Edited by Alexander Kokorin p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-248-7 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Part 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Part 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Preface XI Polymers 1 Advanced Applications of Ionic Liquids in Polymer Science 3 Elaheh Kowsari Ionic Liquids in Biphasic Ethylene Polymerisation 29 Wioletta Ochędzan-Siodłak Natural Polymers 45 Synthesis of Ionic Liquids, Solubility for Wood and Its Application for Graft Copolymer with Acrylamide 47 Guo Liying Selective Breakdown of (Ligno)cellulose in Ionic Liquids 61 Haibo Xie and Zongbao K. Zhao Chemical Modification of Cellulose with Succinic Anhydride in Ionic Liquid with or without Catalysts 81 CF Liu, AP Zhang, WY Li and RC Sun Preparation of Polysaccharide-based Materials Compatibilized with Ionic Liquids 95 Jun-ichi Kadokawa Polymerization of Cyclodextrin-Ionic Liquid Complexes for the Removal of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants from Water 115 Mphilisi M Mahlambi, Tshepo J Malefetse, Bhekie B Mamba and Rui WM Krause Contents Contents VI Nanotechnology 151 Ionic Liquid as Novel Solvent for Extraction and Separation in Analytical Chemistry 153 Li Zaijun, Sun Xiulan and Liu Junkang Sample Treatments Based on Ionic Liquids 181 Eva Aguilera-Herrador, Rafael Lucena, Soledad Cárdenas and Miguel Valcárcel Cold-Induced Aggregation Microextraction: A Novel Sample Preparation Technique Based on Ionic Liquids for Preconcentration of Cobalt Prior to Its Determination by Fiber Optic-Linear Array Detection Spectrophotometry in Real Water Samples 207 Maysam Gharehbaghi, Farzaneh Shemirani, Malihe Davudabadi Farahani and Majid Baghdadi Applications of Ionic Liquids in Azeotropic Mixtures Separations 225 Ana B. Pereiro and Ana Rodríguez Application of Ionic Liquids in Liquid Chromatography 243 Jolanta Flieger Selection of Ionic Liquid Solvents for Chemical Separations Based on the Abraham Model 273 William E. Acree, Jr., Laura M. Grubbs and Michael H. Abraham Materials Chemistry 303 DBU Derived Ionic Liquids and Their Application in Organic Synthetic Reactions 305 Xinzhi Chen and Anguo Ying Hydrogenation in Ionic Liquids 331 Mukund Ghavre, Saibh Morrissey and Nicholas Gathergood Palladium Nanoscale Catalysts in Ionic Liquids: Coupling and Hydrogenation Reactions 393 Martin H. G. Prechtl, Jackson D. Scholten and Jairton Dupont Ionic Liquids: Applications in Heterocyclic Synthesis 415 Clarissa P. Frizzo, Dayse N. Moreira and Marcos A. P. Martins Current Knowledge and Potential Applications of Ionic Liquids in the Petroleum Industry 439 Murillo-Hernández José-Alberto and Aburto Jorge Part 3 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Part 4 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Contents VII Biotechnology 459 Application of Ionic Liquids in Biocatalysis 461 Maja Habulin, Mateja Primožič and Željko Knez Applications of Ionic Liquids to Increase the Efficiency of Lipase Biocatalysis 481 Francisc Péter, Cristina Paul and Anca Ursoiu Ionic Liquids: Alternative Reactive Media for Oxidative Enzymes 499 Oscar Rodriguez, Ana P.M. Tavares, Raquel Cristóvão and Eugénia A. Macedo Protease-Catalyzed Synthetic Reactions in Ionic Liquids 517 Hidetaka Noritomi Perdeuterated Pyridinium Ionic Liquids for Direct Biomass Dissolution and Characterization 529 Nan Jiang and Arthur J Ragauskas Ionic Liquids in the Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass 545 Jana Holm and Ulla Lassi Application of Ionic Liquids in Membrane Separation Processes 561 Cserjési Petra and Bélafi-Bakó Katalin Antimicrobial Ionic Liquids 587 Brendan F. Gilmore Electrochemistry 605 Application of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to the Characterization of RTILs for Electrochemical Applications 607 J. Benavente and E. Rodríguez-Castellón Ionic Liquids for the Future Electrochemical Applications 627 Yu-Sheng Liu and Ge-Bo Pan Application of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids in Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors 643 Farnoush Faridbod, Mohammad Reza Ganjali, Parviz Norouzi, Siavash Riahi, and Hamid Rashedi Part 5 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Part 6 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Contents VIII Electrochemical Studies on Uranyl(VI) Species in 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Based Ionic Liquids and Their Application to Pyro-Reprocessing and Treatment of Wastes Contaminated with Uranium 659 Yasuhisa Ikeda, Noriko Asanuma and Yusuke Ohashi Chapter 30 [...]... directions) and continually jump from one orientation to another as a result of thermal agitation In an external field, these dipoles orient themselves in the direction of the applied field (Fig 3) (Tang et al, 2008) 8 Ionic Liquids: Applications and Perspectives 2.2.2 Electrowetting of a new ionic liquid monomer and polymer system Synthesis and electrowetting of a new ionic liquid monomer and polymer... Synthesis and electric field actuation of an ionic liquid polymer J Am Chem Soc., 128, 38, 12402-12403, 0002-7863 24 Ionic Liquids: Applications and Perspectives Juger, J.; Meyer, F.; Vidal, F.; Chevrot, C & Teyssie, D (2009) Synthesis, polymerization and conducting properties of an ionic liquid-type anionic monomer Tetrahedron Lett., 50, 1, 128–131, 0040-4039 Kaper, H & SmarslyB (2006) Templating and phase... diamines was performed in ionic liquid media by Mallakpour and Kowsari 16 Ionic Liquids: Applications and Perspectives (Mallakpour & Kowsari, 2005) The influence of various reaction parameters, including the nature of the ionic liquid cations and anions, the monomer structures, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time, on the yields and inherent viscosities of the resulting optically active... in toluene 18 Ionic Liquids: Applications and Perspectives 5 Miscellaneous application of ionic liquids in polymer chemistry 5.1 Polymer electrolytes: Compatible system between polymers and ionic liquids (Ion gels) Polymer electrolytes containing room temperature ionic liquids were first reported on such a system by Noda & Watanabe (Noda & Watanabe, 2000) Successively, the study was expanded to polymer... catalyst and reduce the extent of side-reactions 4 Ionic Liquids: Applications and Perspectives The use of ionic liquids in polymer science is not limited to their application as solvents Ionic liquids are also used as additives, including plasticizers, components of polymer electrolytes, and porogenic agents) to polymers More recently, properties of polymers containing chemically bound ionic liquid... solvents for twophase catalysts: Hydrogenation, isomerization, and hydroformylation of alkenes catalyzed by rhodium complexes in liquid 1,3-dialkylimidazolium salts Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 34, 23-24, 2698–2700, 1521-3773 22 Ionic Liquids: Applications and Perspectives Chen, H.; Yossef A Elabd,Y A.(2009) Polymerized ionic liquids: solution properties and electrospinning Macromolecules, 42,9, 3368-3373, 0024-9297... of ionic media on the chain propagation (activation energy decrease) and chain termination, for the reason of high viscosity of the reaction system, the so-called gel effect (Yakov et al, 2007) 2.2 Polymerized ionic liquids: synthesis and applications Recently, much attention has been paid to polymerized ionic liquids or polymeric ionic liquids, which are macromolecules obtained from polymerizing ionic. .. properties and electrospinning The solution properties and electrospinning of a polymerized ionic liquid was explored by Chen and Elabd (Chen & Elabd, 2009) Polymerized ionic liquids are synthesized from polymerizing ionic liquid monomers, where ionic liquids are of great interest due to their unique physiochemical properties Compared to other polyelectrolyte solutions, this polymerized ionic liquid... conditions The use of ionic liquid and scCO2 results in better yields than the use of the other organic solvents 4.2 Anionic polymerization 4.2.1 Anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate in an ionic liquid Anionic polymerization reactions of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in ionic liquids were carried out by utilizing alkyl lithium initiators such as n-butyl lithium (n-BuLi) and diphenylhexyl lithium... distributions, and high purity 2.3.1 Ultrasound and ionic- liquid-assisted synthesis and characterization of polyaniline/Y2O3 nanocomposite with controlled conductivity A sonochemical method has been employed to prepare polyaniline-Y2O3 (PANI/Y2O3) nanocomposite with controlled conductivity with the assistance of an ionic liquid by 11 Advanced Applications of Ionic Liquids in Polymer Science Kowsari and Faraghi . IONIC LIQUIDS: APPLICATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Edited by Alexander Kokorin Ionic Liquids: Applications and Perspectives Edited by Alexander Kokorin Published by InTech Janeza. 2008) Ionic Liquids: Applications and Perspectives 8 2.2.2 Electrowetting of a new ionic liquid monomer and polymer system Synthesis and electrowetting of a new ionic liquid monomer and polymer. and RAFT, ionic liquids facilitate separation of the polymer from residual catalyst and reduce the extent of side-reactions. Ionic Liquids: Applications and Perspectives 4 The use of ionic