RELIABILITY AND SAFETY IN RAILWAY pot

RELIABILITY AND SAFETY IN RAILWAY Edited by Xavier Perpinya Reliability and Safety in Railway Edited by Xavier Perpinya Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Sasa Leporic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published March, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Reliability and Safety in Railway, Edited by Xavier Perpinya p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0451-3 Contents Preface IX Part 1 Introduction to Railway Traction 1 Chapter 1 Railway Traction 3 José A. Lozano, Jesús Félez, Juan de Dios Sanz and José M. Mera Chapter 2 Train Braking 29 Cătălin Cruceanu Chapter 3 New Advances in Analysis and Design of Railway Track System 75 J. Sadeghi Chapter 4 Research on Improving Quality of Electricity Energy in Train’s Traction 101 Huang Yuanliang Chapter 5 Improvement of Automatic Train Operation Using Enhanced Predictive Fuzzy Control Method 121 Mohammad Ali Sandidzadeh and Babak Shamszadeh Part 2 Safety and Reliability in Railway 141 Chapter 6 System for Investigation of Railway Interfaces (SIRI) 143 Sanjeev Kumar Appicharla Chapter 7 Reliability and Lifetime Prediction for IGBT Modules in Railway Traction Chains 193 X. Perpiñà, L. Navarro, X. Jordà, M. Vellvehi, Jean-François Serviere and M. Mermet-Guyennet Chapter 8 The Compatibility and Preparation of the Key Components for Cement and Asphalt Mortar in High-Speed Railway 223 Fazhou Wang and Yunpeng Liu VI Contents Chapter 9 A Systems Approach to Assurance of Safety, Security and Sustainability in Railways 263 A.G. Hessami Chapter 10 Icing and Anti-Icing of Railway Contact Wires 295 Liu Heyun, Gu Xiaosong and Tang Wenbin Part 3 Parameters Monitoring in Railway Safety and Reliability 315 Chapter 11 Multifunction Portals for Train Monitoring: Recent Advances and Innovative Optoelectronic Instrumentation 317 Luca Fumagalli, Paolo Tomassini, Marco Zanatta, Giorgio Libretti, Marco Trebeschi, Giovanna Sansoni and Franco Docchio Chapter 12 Condition Monitoring of Railway Track Using In-Service Vehicle 333 Hitoshi Tsunashima, Yasukuni Naganuma, Akira Matsumoto, Takeshi Mizuma and Hirotaka Mori Chapter 13 Lateral Resistance of Railway Track 357 Jabbar Ali Zakeri Chapter 14 Speed Sensorless Control of Motor for Railway Vehicles 375 Ding Rongjun Chapter 15 New Ultrasonic Techniques for Detecting and Quantifying Railway Wheel-Flats 399 Jose Brizuela, Carlos Fritsch and Alberto Ibáñez Preface Performance studies are fundamental to increase the lifetime of railway systems. One of their main goals is verifying whether their working conditions are reliable and safe. This task not only takes into account the analysis of the whole traction chain, but also requires ensuring that the railway infrastructure is working properly. In this sense, early-stage diagnostic tools are very useful in avoiding serious drawbacks in the whole system by means of predictive maintenance. These tools lead to lower expenses caused by breakdowns, downtimes, redundant equipment, etc. They are based on the previous experience of observed failures modes and their indicators, which are monitored. For instance, an increasing interest on diagnosis of electrical circuitry for traction chains has been noticed. In them, it is usual to observe power semiconductor or capacitor failures. On the one hand, failures in power devices result from traction working conditions: they are particularly hard due to the repetition of starting and braking phases sequenced by stop periods. As a result, power semiconductor devices experience thermal cycles which could lead them to fail due to their packaging degradation by thermo-mechanical effects. To provide some numbers, thermal cycles in a normal urban line should be from 5 to 10 millions for a lifetime expectancy for power devices of 100 000 hours. On the other hand, capacitor failures result from the deterioration of their dielectric material. This produces the production of gases, and eventually, the capacitor explosion. Usually, this induces the failure of power devices. In both phenomena, monitoring the failure indicators corresponding to these parts could result in a preventive replacement of the aged part before having the destruction of all the system. Unfortunately, there are so many aspects to monitor in railway related to other areas, such as, rolling stocks, electrification line or rails. But at the same time, safety aspects should be foreseen when any part fails. Therefore, this book focuses on several topics in reliability and safety in railway and provides “on-going” progress on these issues. It includes fifteen chapters authored by well-known researchers distributed in three major topics, in which the book is divided into. Part 1 consists of five chapters devoted to railway traction fundamentals. Part 2 consists of five chapters devoted to provide some ideas on safety and reliability issues. Finally, part 3 consists of five chapters devoted to parameters monitoring in railway scenario for safety and reliability purposes. X Preface During the preparation of this book, I emphasized to the authors to add recent research findings and future works in this area and to cite the latest references in the chapter. For this reason, a variety of novel techniques in the covered topic are detailed in this book. Insightful and reader-friendly descriptions are presented to nourish readers of any level, from practicing and knowledgeable electrical engineers to beginning or professional researchers. All interested readers can easily find noteworthy materials in much greater detail than in previous publications and in the references cited in these chapters. Each chapter was written in an introductory style beginning with the fundamentals, describing approaches to the hottest issues and concluding with a comprehensive discussion. The content in each chapter is taken from many publications in prestigious journals and conferences and followed by fruitful insights. The chapters in this book also provide many recent references for relevant topics, and interested readers will find these references helpful when they explore these topics further. We hope that this book will fulfill the need for publication on reliability and safety in railway and will be useful for engineers and scientists interested in learning about this topic. In addition this can be used as a text book for Engineering advanced undergraduate and graduate students interested in learning about this research field in railway. Xavier Perpinya Institut de Microelectronica de Barcelona, Campus Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain . RELIABILITY AND SAFETY IN RAILWAY Edited by Xavier Perpinya Reliability and Safety in Railway Edited by Xavier Perpinya Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9,. Assurance of Safety, Security and Sustainability in Railways 263 A.G. Hessami Chapter 10 Icing and Anti-Icing of Railway Contact Wires 295 Liu Heyun, Gu Xiaosong and Tang Wenbin Part 3 Parameters. Part 3 Parameters Monitoring in Railway Safety and Reliability 315 Chapter 11 Multifunction Portals for Train Monitoring: Recent Advances and Innovative Optoelectronic Instrumentation 317 Luca