Hành động đã hoàn tất trong quá khứ Người ta dùng thì Simple Past để diễn tả hành động đã bắt đầu và đã kết thúc tại một thời điểm xác định ữong quá khứ.. Lưu ý: Trong thì Simple Past, m
NGỮ PHÁP LIÊN QUAN
Simple Present
[ VERBỊ + s/es (ngôi thử 3 số ít)~j
2 Cách dùng: a Các hành động lặp đi lặp lại.
Thì Simple Present được sử dụng để diễn tả những hành động thường xuyên, lặp đi lặp lại trong cuộc sống hàng ngày Những hành động này có thể là thói quen, sở thích, hoặc những việc đã được lên kế hoạch theo thời gian biểu.
Nó cũng có thể là một việc gì đó mà một người thường quên hay thường xuyên không làm.
• The train leaves every afternoon at 7 PM.
• The train does not leave at 8 AM.
• When does the train usually leave?
• She always forgets her purse.
He does not speak English.
• He never forgets his novel.
• Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.
• Does the Sun circle the Earth?
• I do not play tennis. b Những sự việc hay những điều tổng quát
Thì Simple Present được sử dụng để diễn tả những sự thật mà người nói tin là đúng, không phụ thuộc vào việc sự thật đó có chính xác hay không Nó thường được áp dụng để diễn đạt những điều tổng quát về con người hoặc sự vật.
• Birds do not like milk.
• California is not in the United Kingdom.
• Windows are not made o f wood.
• New York is a small city (Không quan trọng điều này có đúng hay không.)
• Cats like milk. ê t í t t l a n t j h à i t ã p e h ữ a l ỗ i t a i t i ế n ợ c 4 tth c Các sự việc lên thành thòi khóa biểu trong tương lai gần
Thì hiện tại đơn thường được sử dụng để diễn tả các sự kiện đã được lên lịch trong tương lai gần, đặc biệt là trong bối cảnh giao thông công cộng hoặc các hoạt động tương tự.
• The train leaves tonight at 5 PM.
• The bus does not arrive at 10 AM, it arrives at 10 PM.
• When do we board the plane?
• When does class begin tomorrow afternoon?
• The party starts at 8 o'clock. d Hiện tại (Những động từ không chia ở tiếp diễn)
Thì Simple Present thường được sử dụng để diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra hoặc không xảy ra tại thời điểm hiện tại Nó áp dụng cho những động từ không chia ở dạng tiếp diễn và những động từ pha trộn, tức là những động từ có thể sử dụng ở cả hai dạng nhưng mang ý nghĩa khác nhau.
• He is not here now.
• She does not need help now.
• She has her passport in her hand.
• Do you have your passport with you?
• She needs help right now.
3 Các phó từ đi kèm:
Thì này hay dùng các phó từ như: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc
• Do you only speak English?
• He always gets up early.
• Once a week, Bob cleans the car (Active)
• Once a week, the car is cleaned by Bob (Passive)
Simple P a s t
[VERB+ed] hay động từ bất quy tắc
• You did not call Johnny
2 Cách dùng a Hành động đã hoàn tất trong quá khứ
Thì Simple Past được sử dụng để diễn tả những hành động đã bắt đầu và kết thúc tại một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ Mặc dù đôi khi người nói không nêu rõ thời điểm, nhưng cả người nói và người nghe đều hiểu ngầm về thời gian đó.
• I didn't see a play last night.
• Last year, I traveled to Japan.
• Last year, I didn't travel to China.
• Did you have dinner last night?
• She didn't wash his car.
• John was a repairman. b Một chuỗi các hành động đã hoàn tất
Chúng ta sử dụng thì này để liệt kê các sự kiện đã hoàn thành trong quá khứ, với các hành động xảy ra theo thứ tự thời gian.
• He finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
• I arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.
• Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs? c Khoảng thòi gian trong quá khứ
The Simple Past tense is used to describe actions that occurred within a specific time frame in the past This timeframe is often indicated by time expressions such as "for two years," "for five minutes," "all day," and "all year."
• I lived in Vietnam for two years.
• Daisy studied Chinese for five years.
• They and I sat at the beach all day.
• She did not stay at the party the entire time.
• We talked on the phone for half an hour.
• A: How long did you wait for him?
• B: We waited for one hour. d Thói quen trong quá khứ
Thì Simple Past được sử dụng để diễn tả những thói quen đã chấm dứt trong quá khứ, tương tự như cách diễn đạt “used to” Để nhấn mạnh rằng chúng ta đang nói về thói quen, các từ và cụm từ như: luôn, thường, thường xuyên, không bao giờ, khi tôi còn nhỏ, khi tôi còn trẻ, thường được sử dụng.
• Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?
• She worked at a bar after school.
• They never went to school, they always skipped class.
• I studied English when I was a child.
& áà i lọ iit Ị lù i! h iệt e h ĩ í u I n i í u i H ỉíit/ c i n h
• He didn't play the piano. e Những sự việc hay những điều tổng quát trong quá khứ
Thì Simple Past được sử dụng để diễn tả những sự kiện hoặc những điều chung chung đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng hiện tại không còn đúng nữa Cách sử dụng này tương tự như cách dùng "used to".
• She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.
• He didn't like tomatoes before.
• Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?
• People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past. f Các mệnh đề When xảy ra trước
Mệnh đề là nhóm từ có nghĩa nhưng không phải câu hoàn chỉnh Các mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng "When" như "when I dropped my pen " hay "when class began " được gọi là mệnh đề "When" và có vai trò quan trọng trong câu Dưới đây là một số ví dụ về mệnh đề "When".
• When I paid him two dollars, he answered my question.
• He answered my question when I paid him two dollars.
Mệnh đề "when" đóng vai trò quan trọng trong câu, đặc biệt khi chúng xuất hiện trước hai mệnh đề trong thì Simple Past Ví dụ, câu "Khi tôi trả cho anh ta hai đô la, anh ta đã trả lời câu hỏi của tôi" cho thấy thứ tự hành động là tôi trả tiền trước, sau đó anh ta trả lời Vị trí của mệnh đề "when I paid him two dollars" không ảnh hưởng đến nghĩa của câu Tuy nhiên, trong ví dụ khác, "Anh ta đã trả lời câu hỏi của tôi khi tôi trả cho anh ta hai đô la", thứ tự hành động đã thay đổi, với việc anh ta trả lời trước khi tôi trả tiền.
• I paid him two dollars when he answered my question.
3 Các phó từ đi kèm
Thì này hay dùng các phó từ chì thời gian như: yesterday, last week, last month, ago, etc.
• You called Johnny last night.
• Did you call Johnny last night?
• Bob repaired the car (Active)
• The car was repaired by Bob (Passive)
Simple F u tu re
Thì Simple Future trong tiếng Anh có hai dạng chính là "will" và "be going to." Mặc dù có thể sử dụng thay thế cho nhau trong một số trường hợp, nhưng chúng thường mang ý nghĩa khác nhau Cả hai dạng này đều liên quan đến một thời điểm cụ thể trong tương lai.
• You will help him later.
• Will you help him later?
• You will not help him later. b Dạng Be Going To _
[am/is/are + going to + verb]
• You are going to meet Jane tonight.
• Are you going to meet Jane tonight?
• You are not going to meet Jane tonight
2 Cách dùng a "Will" để diễn tả một hành động tự nguyện
"Will" thường được sử dụng để diễn đạt hành động tự nguyện của một người Hành động tự nguyện là khi người nói muốn làm điều gì đó cho người khác, và "will" thường được dùng để phản hồi lại những phàn nàn hoặc yêu cầu giúp đỡ từ người khác Ngoài ra, "will" cũng được sử dụng khi yêu cầu sự giúp đỡ từ người khác hoặc khi tự nguyện làm điều gì đó cho mình Tương tự, "will not" hay "won’t" được dùng để từ chối một cách tự nguyện.
• I will send you the information when I get it.
• I will translate the email, so Mr Smith can read it.
• Will you help me move this heavy table?
• I will not do your homework for you.
• I won't do all the housework myself!
• A: I'm so tired I'm about to fall asleep.
• B: I'll get you some coffee.
• B: I'll get it. b “Will" dùng đễ diễn tả một lòi hứa
"Will" thường được sử dụng trong các lời hứa.
• I will call you when I arrive.
• If I am elected President of the United Kingdom, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance.
• Don't worry, I'll be careful.
• I won't tell anyone your secret.
• I promise I will not tell her about the surprise party.
15 c "Be going to" diễn đạt một kế hoạch
Cấu trúc "be going to" được sử dụng để diễn tả một hành động đã được lên kế hoạch trong tương lai Nó thể hiện ý định của một người về việc sẽ làm gì, mà không cần quan tâm đến việc kế hoạch đó có được thực hiện hay không.
• He is going to spend his vacation in Japan.
• She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.
• A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?
• B: We are going to meet at 7 PM.
• I'm going to be an actress when I grow up.
• Mike is going to begin law school next year.
• They are going to drive all the way to California.
• Who is he going to invite to the party?
• A: Who is going to make Johnny's birthday cake?
• B: Daisy is going to make Johnny's birthday cake. d "Will" hay "Be Going to" diễn tả sự dự đoán
Cả "will" và "be going to" có thể diễn tả một sự dự đoán chung về tương lai
Dự đoán có nghĩa là đoán trước điều gì có thể xảy ra trong tương lai Và ở đây “will” hay “be going to” đêu không khác nhau về nghĩa.
• The year 21 u will be a very interesting year.
• The year 2111 is going to be a very interesting year.
• David Smith will be the next President.
• David Smith is going to be the next President.
• The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.
• The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.
Chú ý: Không dùng thi tuơng lai ừong các mệnh đề thời gian.
The Simple Future tense is not used in clauses that begin with time-related words or phrases such as when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, and unless Instead of the Simple Future, the Simple Present tense is employed in these contexts.
• When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner (Not Correct)
• When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner (Correct)
3 Các phó từ đi kèm
Thì này hay dùng các phó từ như: tomoưovv, next week, next month, etc
• You will never help her.
• Will you ever help her?
• You are going to meet Jim tomorrow.
• Are you going to meet Jim tomorrow?
• John will finish the work by 5:00 PM (Active)
• The work will be finished by 5:00 PM (Passive)
• Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight (Active)
• A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight (Passive)
• You are listening to music.
• Are you listening to music?
• You are not listening to music
2 Cách dùng a Ngay lúc đang nói
Thì Present Continuous được sử dụng với động từ thường để diễn tả những hành động đang diễn ra ngay tại thời điểm nói Ngoài ra, thì này cũng giúp chỉ ra những điều không đang xảy ra trong khoảnh khắc hiện tại.
• You are learning English now.
• You are not swimming now.
• Is he sitting or standing?
• They are reading their books.
• They are not watching television.
• Why aren't you doing your homework?
19 ê á t ilunlỊ hài tíịp tihữa í cù ta i tiêíiự ( 'ỉnỉt _ _ b Những hành động xung quanh thòi điểm nói
Trong tiếng Anh, từ "now" có nhiều nghĩa như giây phút này, hôm nay, tháng này, năm nay, và thế kỷ này Đôi khi, chúng ta sử dụng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present Continuous) để diễn tả rằng chúng ta đang trong quá trình thực hiện một công việc nào đó, mặc dù có thể chúng ta không thực sự đang làm việc đó ngay lúc này.
**Exaraples: (All of these sentences can be said while eating dinner in a restaurant.)
• I am studying to become a doctor.
• I am not studying to become a dentist.
• I am reading the book Tom Sawyer.
• I am not reading any books right now.
• Are you working on any special projects at work?
Bạn có đang giảng dạy tại trường đại học không? Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn thường được sử dụng để diễn tả những hành động có thể xảy ra trong tương lai gần.
• I am not going to the party tonight.
• Is she visiting her parents next weekend?
• Isn't he coming with us tonight?
• I am meeting some friends after school.
'JJỈIV Whiffy d Dùng với “Always” thể hiện sự lặp lại, điều khó chịu
Thì Present Continuous kết hợp với các từ như "always" hay "constantly" được sử dụng để diễn tả những hành động gây khó chịu hoặc sốc diễn ra thường xuyên Mặc dù ý nghĩa tương tự với thì Simple Present, nhưng cách sử dụng này thể hiện một thái độ tiêu cực hơn.
Vị trí của các từ "always" hay "constantly" nàm giữa "be" và "verb+ing."
• She is constantly talking I wish she would shut up.
• They are always complaining about money.
• Jack is always coming to class late.
3 Các phó từ đi kèm
Thì này hay dùng các phó từ như: always, only, never, ever, still, just, now, right now, at the moment, etc.
• He is still watching TV He is so lazy.
• Is he still watching TV?
• Right now, he is writing the novel (Active)
• Right now, the novel is being written by him (Passive)
Past C ontinuous
• You were listening to the radio when he called.
• Were you listening to the radio when he called?
• You were not listening to the radio when he called.
2 Cách dùng a Hành động bị ngắt quãng trong quá khứ
Thì Past Continuous được sử dụng để diễn tả một hành động kéo dài trong quá khứ, bị ngắt quãng bởi một hành động khác Hành động ngắt quãng thường là một hành động ngắn hơn, được diễn tả bằng thì Simple Past.
• When the phone rang, she was having dinner.
• While they were having the picnic, it started to rain.
• What were you doing when the storm came?
• He was listening to his iPod, so he didn't hear the fire alarm.
• She was not listening to me when I told her to turn the light off.
• While Johnny was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.
• While I was surfing the internet, the computer suddenly went off.
• A: What was Tom doing when he broke his arm?
• He was waiting for us when we got off the bus. b Điểm thòi gian xác định giống như sự ngắt quãng
Trong cấu trúc này, hành động diễn ra ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn bị gián đoạn bởi một hành động ngắn hơn sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn Ngoài ra, có thể sử dụng một mốc thời gian cụ thể để thể hiện sự ngắt quãng này.
• At midnight, they were still driving through the desert.
• Yesterday at this time, she was sitting at her desk at work.
• Last night at 8 PM, he was eating dinner.
Trong thì Simple Past, thời gian xác định được sử dụng để chỉ ra một hành động đã bắt đầu hoặc kết thúc Ngược lại, trong thì Past Continuous, thời gian xác định được dùng để ngắt quãng một hành động đang diễn ra.
• Last night at 8 PM, he ate dinner.
• He started eating at 8 PM.
• Last night at 8 PM, he was eating dinner.
• He started earlier; and at 8 PM, I was in the process o f eating dinner. c Các hành động xảy ra song song
Khi sử dụng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past Continuous) với hai hành động trong cùng một câu, chúng ta diễn tả rằng hai hành động này xảy ra đồng thời, thể hiện mối quan hệ song song giữa chúng.
• While Nick was reading, Tom was writing.
• Were you listening while she was talking?
• I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes.
• What was John doing while he was waiting?
• Tim wasn't working, and I wasn't working either.
• We were eating dinner, discussing our plans, and having a good time.
• He was studying while she was making dinner.
Trong tiếng Anh, chúng ta thường sử dụng chuỗi hành động song song để mô tả không khí của một tình huống tại một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ.
Upon entering the office, he observed a bustling environment where multiple individuals were engaged in phone conversations, others were typing furiously, the boss was loudly issuing instructions, and customers were patiently waiting for assistance This chaotic scene highlighted the constant activity and occasional frustrations that characterize a busy workplace.
Thì Past Continuous thường được sử dụng với các từ như "always" hay "constantly" để diễn tả những hành động gây khó chịu hoặc sốc đã xảy ra thường xuyên trong quá khứ Cách sử dụng này tương tự như "used to" nhưng mang ý nghĩa tiêu cực hơn Lưu ý rằng các từ "always" và "constantly" nên được đặt giữa "be" và động từ.
• He was constantly talking He annoyed everyone.
• I didn't like them because they were always complaining.
• She was always coming to class late. f Với mệnh đề “While” - “When”
Mệnh đề là nhóm từ có nghĩa nhưng không phải lúc nào cũng là câu hoàn chỉnh Một số mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng "when", chẳng hạn như "when he called" hay "when it bit her" Các mệnh đề khác bắt đầu bằng "while", như "while Tim was cooking" và "while he was typing" Khi nói về sự việc trong quá khứ, sau "when" thường sử dụng thì Simple Past, trong khi sau "while" thì sử dụng thì Past Continuous "While" có nghĩa là "trong khi đó" Các ví dụ sau đây có cùng ý nghĩa nhưng nhấn mạnh vào các phần khác nhau của câu.
• I was cooking when he called.
• While I was cooking, he called.
3 Các phó từ đi kèm
Thì này hay dùng các phó từ như: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc
• You were just listening to music when she called.
• Were you just listening to music when she called?
• The manager was helping the customer when the thief came into the shop (Active)
• The customer was being helped by the manager when the thief came into the shop (Passive)
Future Continuous
Thì Future Continuous có hai cấu trúc chính là "will be doing" và "be going to be doing." Khác với các dạng của thì Simple Future, các dạng của thì Future Continuous có thể thay đổi vị trí cho nhau một cách linh hoạt.
1 a Dạng: Future Continuous với "Will"
• You will be waiting for him when his train arrives tonight.
• Will you be waiting for him when his train arrives tonight?
• You will not be waiting for him when his train arrives tonight. b Dạng: Future Continuous với "Be Going To "
[am/is/are + going to be + V-ing]
• You are going to be waiting for him when his train arrives tonight.
• Are you going to be waiting for him when his train arrives tonight?
• You are not going to be waiting for him when his train arrives tonight.
2 Cách dùng a Hành động bị ngắt quãng trong tương lai
Dùng thì Future Continuous để chi ra rằng một hành động dài trong tương lai sẽ bị ngát quãng bởi một hành động ngắn hơn trong tương lai.
• I will be cooking dinner when he arrives tonight.
• He will be waiting for you when your train arrives.
• She is going to be staying at the Daewoo Hotel, if anything happens and you need to contact her.
• He will be working at the shop tonight, so he will not see Daisy when she arrives.
Trong các ví dụ trên, cần lưu ý rằng các hành động ngắt quãng (in nghiêng) được sử dụng với thì Simple Present thay vì thì Simple Future, vì những hành động này nằm trong các mệnh đề thời gian Chúng ta không sử dụng các thì tương lai trong các mệnh đề thời gian Ngoài ra, điểm thời gian cụ thể cũng được dùng như một sự ngắt quãng trong tương lai.
Trong ngữ cảnh sử dụng, thì Future Continuous có thể bị gián đoạn bởi một hành động xảy ra trong tương lai Ngoài ra, chúng ta cũng có thể sử dụng một thời điểm cụ thể để thể hiện sự ngắt quãng này.
• At midnight tonight, they will still be driving through the town.
• They will be in the process o f driving through the town.
• Tonight at 8 PM, he is going to be eating dinner.
• He will be in the process o f eating dinner.
Trong thì Simple Future, thời gian cụ thể được sử dụng để chỉ rõ thời điểm mà một hành động sẽ bắt đầu hoặc kết thúc Ngược lại, thì Future Continuous lại tập trung vào một thời điểm nhất định trong tương lai để ngắt quãng một hành động đang diễn ra.
• Tonight at 8 PM, he is going to eat dinner.
• He is going to start eating at 8 PM.
• Tonight at 8 PM, he is going to be eating dinner.
• He is going to start earlier and he will be in the process of eating dinner at
8 PM. c Các hành động song song trong tương lai
Khi sử dụng thì Future Continuous cho hai hành động trong cùng một câu, chúng ta diễn tả những hành động sẽ diễn ra đồng thời Đây được gọi là các hành động song song.
• She is going to be studying and I am going to be cooking dinner.
• Tonight, we will be eating dinner, discussing our plans, and having a good time.
• While Bell is reading, Tom will be writing his novel.
Lưu ý dùng "is reading" bời vì mệnh đề thời gian "while." d Không khí một tình huống ở tương lai
Trong tiếng Anh, chúng ta thường dùng một chuỗi các hành động song song để diễn tả không khí tại một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai.
Upon arriving at the birthday party, I will find everyone celebrating, with some dancing, others engaged in conversation, a few enjoying food, and several sipping wine This familiar routine is a hallmark of their gatherings.
Present P erfect
[has/have + PII (quá khứ phân từ)]
• He has seen that movie many times.
• Has he seen that movie many times?
• He has not seen that movie many times.
• You have studied English for 3 years.
• Have you studied English for 3 years?
• You have not studied English for 3 years.
2 Cách dùng a Điểm thòi gian không xác định trước hiện tại
Thì Present Perfect được sử dụng để diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra tại một thời điểm không xác định trước hiện tại, trong đó thời gian cụ thể không quan trọng Cần lưu ý rằng thì này không được dùng với các cụm từ chỉ thời gian xác định như: hôm qua, một năm trước, tháng trước, khi tôi còn nhỏ.
During my time in China, I frequently used the Present Perfect tense with indefinite time expressions such as ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, and yet This grammatical structure effectively conveys experiences and actions that have relevance to the present moment.
• He has seen that movie twenty one times.
• I think I have met her once before.
• There have been many earthquakes in Japan.
• Have you read the novel yet? ỳ iln tly
Khái niệm "thời gian không xác định" trong tiếng Anh có thể gây khó khăn cho nhiều người học Để hiểu rõ hơn, chúng ta sẽ phân loại cách sử dụng thì Present Perfect theo các chủ đề cụ thể.
The Present Perfect tense can be utilized to describe personal experiences, as in the phrase "I have the experience of " It is also applicable for expressing a lack of experience, indicating that one has never encountered a particular situation However, it is important to note that the Present Perfect tense is not used to describe specific events.
• You have been to Vietnam.
Câu này có nghĩa bạn đã từng ở Việt Nam Có thể bạn đã đến đó một lần hay vài lần.
• He has been to Vietnam three times.
Bạn có thể thêm số lần ở cuối câu.
• He has not been to Vietnam.
Câu này có nghĩa anh ta chưa đến Việt Nam lần nào.
• He thinks he has seen that movie before.
• She has never traveled by plane.
• John has studied three foreign languages.
• A: Have you ever met her?
@ áe lim it/ h à i f l i p í-lui'a ỊÃị_ m ì H i n i Ị € ỉti/t
- Sự thay đồi trong khoảng thời gian
Chúng ta dùng thì Present Perfect để nói về sự thay đồi đã xảy ra trong một khoảng thời gian.
• She has grown since the last time I saw her.
• He has become more dynamic in business.
• My English has really improved since I moved to Canada.
- Những việc đã hoàn thành, thành tựu
Thì Present Perfect được sử dụng để diễn tả các hành động đã hoàn thành hoặc những thành tựu của cá nhân và nhân loại, mà không đề cập đến một thời điểm cụ thể nào.
• Man has walked on the Moon.
• Our grandson has learned how to write.
• Scientists have split the atom.
• Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
- Một việc chua hoàn thành mà bạn đang chờ đợi
Chúng ta sử dụng thì Present Perfect để diễn tả một hành động mà chúng ta đang chờ đợi nhưng chưa xảy ra Thì này giúp nhấn mạnh rằng chúng ta vẫn đang trong trạng thái chờ đợi cho sự kiện đó xảy ra.
• Daisy hasn't mastered English, but she can communicate.
• Bob has still not arrived.
• She has not finished his work yet
- Nhiều hành động tại các điểm thời gian khác nhau
Thì Present Perfect được sử dụng để diễn tả những hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ tại các thời điểm khác nhau Nó nhấn mạnh vào quá trình chưa hoàn thành và cho thấy rằng có thể có nhiều hành động xảy ra.
• The army has attacked that country four times.
• He has had five quizzes and six tests so far this semester.
• They have got into trouble while working on this project.
• Jack has talked to several specialists about his problem, but nobody knows why he is sick. b Các từ chỉ thời gian dùng vói thì Present Perfect
Thì Present Perfect diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra tại một thời điểm nào đó trong cuộc sống của chúng ta trước hiện tại, mà không cần xác định rõ thời gian cụ thể Để giới hạn thời gian cho một trải nghiệm, chúng ta có thể sử dụng các từ chỉ thời gian như: trong tuần qua, trong năm qua, tuần này, tháng này, cho đến nay, v.v.
• Have you been to Vietnam in the last year?
• I have seen that film seven times in the last month.
• Tom graduated from university less than five years ago He has worked for four different companies so far.
• His truck has broken down five times this week.
• The students have had four tests in the last week.
@tíớ t it im j h à i t ậ p e í ũ í u l ồ i M Ỉ / ĩê íitj < 'ỉíih
Cụm từ "Last year" và "In the last year" có ý nghĩa khác nhau rõ rệt "Last year" ám chỉ đến năm trước thời điểm hiện tại và thường được sử dụng như một mốc thời gian cụ thể trong thì quá khứ đơn (Simple Past) Ngược lại, "In the last year" mang ý nghĩa chỉ khoảng thời gian trong suốt năm qua, không chỉ gói gọn trong một thời điểm xác định.
365 ngày tính đến hiện tại Nó không được xem là điểm thời gian xác định, vì vậy nó được dùng trong thì Present Perfect.
• He went to Vietnam last year.
• He went to Vietnam in the calendar year before this one.
• He has been to Vietnam in the last year.
• He has been to Vietnam at least once at some point between 365 days ago and now.
- Khoảng thòi gian từ quá khứ đến hiện tại (Các động từ không chia tiếp diễn)
Với các động từ không chia tiếp diễn và cách dùng không tiếp diễn của động từ pha trộn, chúng ta sử dụng thì Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành (Present Perfect) để chỉ ra một hành động đã bắt đầu trong quá khứ và vẫn tiếp tục đến hiện tại, ví dụ như "Trong năm phút."
"for three weeks," và "since Tuesday" etc là những khoảng thời gian được dùng với thì Present Perfect.
• He has had a cold for two weeks.
• I have been in Vietnam for three months.
• Britney has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.
3 Các phó từ đi kèm
Thì này hay dùng các phó từ như: always, only, never, ever, still, just, since, for, etc.
• John has only seen that movie one time.
• Has John only seen that movie one time?
• Many tourists have visited that ancient town (Active)
• That ancient town has been visited by many tourists (Passive)
Past Perfect
I [had + PII (quá khử phần từ)
• You had studied Japanese before you moved to Japan.
• Had you studied Japanese before you moved to Japan?
• You had not studied Japanese before you moved to Japan.
2 Cách dùng a Một hành động đã hoàn tất trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ
Thì Past Perfect được sử dụng để diễn tả một sự kiện xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ Nó cũng có thể chỉ ra rằng một sự việc đã diễn ra trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
• Jim had never seen such a beautiful beach before he went to Nha Trang.
• I did not have any money because I had lost a bet.
• Tom knew Vietnam quite well because he had visited the country several times.
• Had he ever studied Japanese before she moved to Japan?
• Daisy only understood the movie because she had read the book.
• She had never been to an opera before last night.
• They were not able to get a hotel room because they had not booked in b Khoảng thòi gian trước việc gì trong quá khứ (động từ không chia ở tiếp diễn)
Đối với các động từ không được chia ở dạng tiếp diễn hoặc các động từ pha trộn không ở dạng tiếp diễn, chúng ta sử dụng thì Past Perfect để chỉ ra sự việc đã xảy ra trước một thời điểm hoặc sự kiện khác trong quá khứ.
‘) i ìm ly điều gì đã bắt đầu trong quá khứ và đã tiếp tục cho đến một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
• They had had that car for five years before it broke down.
• By the time Ann finished her studies, she had been in New York for over nine years.
• Jack felt bad about selling his house because he had owned it for more than thirty years.
- Những thời điểm xác định với thì Past Perfect
Khác với thì Present Perfect, thì Past Perfect cho phép sử dụng các từ hoặc cụm từ chỉ thời gian xác định Mặc dù việc này là khả thi, nhưng thường không cần thiết trong ngữ cảnh sử dụng.
• He had visited his Vietnamese relatives once in 1999 before he moved in with them in 2007.
Thì Past Perfect được sử dụng để diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ, trong khi thì Simple Past có thể thay thế cho Past Perfect khi có từ "before" đi kèm.
Từ "after" được sử dụng trong câu để chỉ thứ tự thời gian Các từ "before" và "after" giúp xác định việc gì xảy ra trước, do đó không nhất thiết phải dùng thì Past Perfect Vì vậy, cả hai câu ví dụ sau đều có thể đúng.
• He had visited his Vietnamese relatives once in 1999 before he moved in with them in 2007.
• He visited his Vietnamese relatives once in 1999 before he moved in with them in 2007. tfOALa OP ANW
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Câu giả địn h é 1 Dùng với would rather that
Câu giả định, hay còn gọi là câu cầu khiến, là loại câu mà người nói yêu cầu đối tượng thứ hai thực hiện một hành động nào đó Khác với câu mệnh lệnh, câu giả định mang tính chất khuyến khích chứ không ép buộc Trong cấu trúc của câu giả định, thường sử dụng dạng nguyên thể của động từ mà không có "to", đặc biệt là sau một số động từ chính mang tính cầu khiến Thông thường, câu giả định có chứa từ "that", ngoại trừ một số trường hợp đặc biệt.
1 Dùng với would rather that
Ngữ pháp hiện đại ngày nay đặc biệt là ngữ pháp Mỹ cho phép dùng would rather mà không cần dùng that trong loại câu này.
• We would rather (that) he not take this train.
The following table lists verbs that require the subsequent clause to be in the subjunctive mood, necessitating the use of "that" in the sentence These verbs include advise, ask, command, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, stipulate, suggest, and urge In these cases, the subject of the second clause is followed by the base form of the verb without "to." To form a negative sentence, place "not" after the subject of the second clause, before the base form of the verb.
Subject + verb + that + subject + [verb in simple form] +
• The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking.
• The doctor suggested that his patient not stop smoking.
Nếu bỏ "that" đi, chủ ngữ thứ hai sẽ trở thành tân ngữ và động từ theo sau sẽ trở về dạng nguyên thể có "to" Khi đó, câu mất tính chất giả định và chuyển thành một dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp.
• The doctor suggested his patient to stop smoking.
• The doctor suggested his patient not to stop smoking.
Trong ngữ pháp tiếng Anh, trước động từ trong mệnh đề phụ thường xuất hiện từ "should" Tuy nhiên, người Anh thường bỏ "should" khi động từ theo sau là "to be".
Mỹ không dùng should cho toàn bộ động từ ở mệnh đề 2.
The following table presents several adjectives that necessitate the use of a clause following them, which must include "that" and have the verb in its base form without "to." These adjectives include advised, important, mandatory, necessary, obligatory, proposed, recommended, required, suggested, urgent, and imperative.
Trong bảng này, một số tính từ là phân từ 2 được hình thành từ các động từ ở bảng trên Để tạo câu phủ định, cần đặt "not" sau chủ ngữ và trước động từ nguyên thể, bỏ "to".
It + be + adj + that + s + [verb in simple form]
&ỏe ilạ m ị hự i t Ĩ Ị Ị i e/uĩti / ô / ■ sui Hint/ c h ill
• It is necessary that he find the books.
• It is necessary that he not find the books.
• It has been proprosed that we change the topic.
• It has been proprosed that we not change the topic.
Nếu bỏ "that", chủ ngữ thứ hai sẽ trở thành tân ngữ sau giới từ "for", động từ sẽ quay về dạng nguyên thể có "to", và câu sẽ chuyển từ dạng giả định sang dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp.
• It is necessary for him to find the books.
• It is necessary for him not to find the books.
• It has been proprosed for us to change the topic.
• It has been proprosed for us not to change the topic.
Câu giả định trong văn bản hoặc thư giao dịch thường được sử dụng để diễn đạt lời đề nghị từ A đến B mà không mang tính bắt buộc.
Không chỉ động từ và tính từ, mà tất cả danh từ phát sinh từ những động từ và tính từ này cũng yêu cầu mệnh đề theo sau phải ở dạng giả định, nếu nó diễn đạt các yếu tố liên quan.
• There is suggestion from the doctor that the patient stop smoking.
• It is recommendation that the vehicle owner be present at the court
4 The giả định trong một số trường hợp khác
- Dùng để diễn đạt một ước muốn hoặc một lời nguyền rùa, thường bao hàm các thế lực siêu nhiên.
• God be with you = Good bye.
• Curse this toad: Chet tiệt cái con cóc này.
- Dùng với động từ May trong một số trường hợp đặc biệt sau:
Come what may = Dù thế nào chăng nữa, dù bất cứ chuyện gì.
• Come what may we will stand by you.
May as well not do s th if = CÓ the đừng nếu không
You may as well not come if you can't be on time.
May/Might (just) as well do smt = Chang mat gì mà lại không, mất gì của bọ
• Since nobody wants that job, we might (just) as well let him have it:
May diễn đạt một lời đề nghị mà người nói cho rằng chưa chắc nó đã được thực hiện:
• The sign on the lawn says clearly that people may not walk on the grass, (không dùng should trong trường hợp này).
Aday + s + link verb + adj hoặc May + 51 + verb + complement (Cầu chúc cho)
• May you both very happy: Chúc các bạn bách niên giai lão.
• May the conference be successful: Chúc hội nghị thành công rực rỡ.
• Long may she live to enjoy her good fortune: Chúc cho nàng song lâu đế hường vận may của nàng.
I f need be = I f necessary = Neu can
• If need be, we can take another road.
- Dùng với động từ to be, bỏ to sau if để chi một sự giả định chưa được phân định rõ ràng là đúng hay sai.
• If that be right, then it would be no defence for this man to say he's innocent.
& á e tltiiiiỊ lù ii t ậ p d i ĩ í a Ị ễ i í a i H i'n tj c fa th
Let it be me (Giả sù đó là tôi, giá phải tay tôi)
• Husband: Let it be me.
• Wife (suddenly appearing): If that be you, what would you do.
Be that as it may = whether that is true or not = Cho dù là phải the hay không.
• Be that as it may, you have to accept it.
- Then so be it: Cứ phải vậy thôi.
• If we have to pay $2,000, then so be it (thì cứ phải trả thôi)
- Câu già định dùng với it + to be + time
It's time (for sb) to do smt: đã đến lúc ai phải làm gì (Thời gian vừa vặn, không mang tính giả định).
• It's time for me to get to the airport: Đã đến lúc tôi phải ra sân bay.
It's time (hightime/about time) (for sb) did smt\ đã đến lúc mà (then gian đã trễ, mang tính già định)
• It's hightime the city government did something to stop the traffic jam.
• It's time I got to the airport
Câu đảo n g ữ
Trong một số trường hợp, phó từ có thể được đảo lên đầu câu để nhấn mạnh hành động của chủ ngữ Khi đó, cấu trúc ngữ pháp sẽ thay đổi, với trợ động từ đứng sau phó từ, tiếp theo là chủ ngữ và động từ chính.
• John hardly remembers the accident that took his sister's life.
• Hardly does John remember the accident that took his sister's life.
• Never have so many people been unemployed as today.
(So many people have never been unemployed as today)
• Hardly had he fallen asleep when he began to dream o f far-way lands.
(He had hardly fallen asleep when he began to dream of far-way lands.)
• Rarely have we seen such an effective actor as he has proven him self to be.
(We have rarely seen such an effective actor as he has proven him self to be.)
• Seldom does class let out early.
(Class seldom lets out early.)
• Only by hard work will we be able to accomplish this great task.
(We will be able to accomplish this great task only by hard work.)
@áe tlạttt/ lừ ti t ậ p c í iu t i l ồ i s u i t iê ìitỊ c 4 jt h
Một số các trạng từ đặc biệt khác cũng thường đứng ờ đâu câu, phải đảo câu trúc câu như trên:
- In/ Under no circumstances: Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không Under no circumstances should you lend him the money.
- On no account: Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không
On no account must this switch be touched.
- Only in this way: Chi bang cách này
Only in this way could the problem be solved.
- In no way: Không sao có the
In no way could I agree with you.
- By no means: Hoàn toàn không
By no means does he intend to criticize your idea.
• He had no money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow.
Khi một mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng các thành ngữ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc trật tự thi động, động từ chính có thể được đảo lộn với chủ ngữ Tuy nhiên, trong trường hợp này, không được sử dụng động từ.
Clause of place/ order + main verb + s
• In front o f the museum is a statue.
• First came the ambulance, then came the police.
(Thoạt đầu là xe cứu thương chạy đến, tiếp sau là cành sát.)
Khi một ngữ giới từ chỉ địa điểm hoặc phương hướng đứng ở đầu câu, các nội động từ thường được đặt trước chủ ngữ mà không sử dụng trợ động từ Cấu trúc này rất phổ biến trong văn mô tả, giúp diễn đạt một chủ ngữ không xác định.
• Under the tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen.
• Directly in front o f them stood a great castle.
• Along the road came a strange procession.
• On the grass sat an enormous frog.
Tính từ cũng có thể đảo lên trên đầu câu để nhấn mạnh và sau đó là liên từ nhưng tuyệt đối không được sử dụng trợ động từ.
• So determined was she to take the university course that she taught school and gave music lesson for her tuition fees.
Trong một số trường hợp, người nói có thể đảo động từ chính lên trước chủ ngữ để nhấn mạnh Những động từ này thường mang sắc thái bị động, nhưng không hoàn toàn mang nghĩa bị động.
• Lost, however, are the secrets of the Mayan astronomers and the Inca builders as well as many medicinal practices.
(Mat đi vĩnh viễn, tuy vậy, lại là những bí mật của những nhà thiên văn thuộc nền văn minh Mayan, )
Adverbs such as away, down, in, off, out, over, round, and up can be effectively used with a following movement verb and a noun serving as the subject.
Away/down/in/ofT/out/ovei7round/up + motion verb + noun/noun phrase as a subject
• Away went the runners/ Down fell a dozen o f apples
+ Nhưng nếu một đại từ nhân xưng làm chủ ngữ thì động từ phái để sau chủ ngữ:
• Away they wenư Round and round it flew.
In written English, prepositions such as down, from, in, on, over, out of, round, and up can be immediately followed by position verbs like crouch, hang, lie, sit, and stand, as well as movement verbs and other forms such as be, become, die, and live.
• From the rafters hung strings o f onions.
• In the doorway stood a man with a gun.
• On a perch beside him sat a blue parrot.
• Over the wall came a shower of stones.
Liru ý: Ba ví dụ đầu tiên có thể được diễn đạt bằng cách sử dụng VERB-ING ở đầu câu, trong đó động từ BE được đưa lên trên chủ ngữ.
• Hanging from the rafters were strings of onion.
• Standing in the doorway was a man with a gun.
• Sitting on a perch beside him was a blue parrot.
Hiện tượng này còn xảy ra khi chù ngữ sau các phó từ so sánh as/than quá dài:
• City dwellers have a higher death rate than do country people.
• She was very religious, as were most of her friends.
Tân ngữ mang tính nhấn mạnh cũng có thể đảo lên đàu câu:
• Not a single word did he say.
Khi sử dụng "Here" hoặc "There" cùng với động từ ở đầu câu, cần đảo động từ lên trước chủ ngữ nếu chủ ngữ là danh từ Tuy nhiên, nếu chủ ngữ là đại từ, việc đảo động từ là không cần thiết.
• I stopped the car, and up walked a policeman.
Infinitive và Gerund
Cé những từ trong tiếng Anh thường được theo sau bởi một động từ nguyên thê hoặc danh động từ (infinitive or gerund).
Những từ theo sau bởi một động từ nguyên thể có hoặc không có ‘to’.
Cách dùng và các nhóm từ Examples Đóng vai trò là chủ ngữ cùa một mệnh đề được theo sau bởi các động từ: be, seem, appear
- To know you is to love you.
- To follow his advice seemed logical.
(Không có “to”) đứng sau các từ như: had better, would rather, would sooner, why not why should I/ you/ [not]
- Why not go to die cinema?
- I would rather stay at home.
(Không có “to”) đứng sau các động từ như: can, dare (dùng cả với động từ nguyên thể có “to”), do, help
(dùng cà với động từ nguyên thể có
“to”), let, may, must, need (dùng cả với động từ nguyên thể có “to”), shall, should, will
- We must stay at home.
Certain verbs in English require the infinitive form of a verb with "to" following them These include verbs such as afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, attempt, be determined, beg, care, choose, claim, condescend, consent, decide, and demand Additionally, the verb dare can be used both with and without "to" when followed by the base form of another verb.
- He refused to pay the bill.
Sau các động từ vói các từ nghi vấn
(ask, advise + Object, consider, decide, explain, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show, teach, tell + object, understand, wonder)
- They don’t know how to swim.
- We didn't remember where to meet.
(Không có “to”) sau các động từ với các tân ngữ như: let, make
(Có “to”) sau các động từ đi với các tân ngữ như: advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, help, invite, mean, order, permit, persuade
- She got me to wash the dishes.
- They wanted him to swim.
Sau các tính từ và dạng so sánh của chúng: amazed, amazing, angry, astonished, astonishing, awkward, brave, careless, clever, cowardly, crazy, delighted, difficult, disappointed, disgusted, easy
- It’s easier to swim downstream.
- It was impossible to go back.
Sau các danh từ biến từ các động từ đề cập ở trên
We made a promise to swim (Biến từ động từ ‘to promise’)
2 GERUND a Dạng: Dạng V- ing b Cách dùng
Các động từ mà theo sau nó là dạng V-ing
Cách dùng và các nhóm từ Examples Đóng vai trò như chủ ngữ cùa một mênh đề
- Cycling is good for your health.
When discussing emotions and skills, certain adjectives play a crucial role For instance, "afraid of" expresses fear, while "angry about" or "angry at" indicates frustration "Bad at" and "good at" highlight proficiency levels, whereas "busy" suggests a lack of free time Additionally, "clever at" points to intelligence in specific areas, while "crazy about" conveys strong enthusiasm Feelings of disappointment can be captured with "disappointed about," and excitement is expressed through "excited about." Notably, "famous for" denotes recognition, while "fond of" reveals affection Lastly, "glad about" and "impressed by" reflect positive sentiments, and "interested in" shows curiosity or engagement in a topic.
- He’s afraid of going by plane.
- 1 am interested in visiting the museum.
Sau các giới từ như: about (in
'how/what about'), after, apart from, because of, before, by, in, in spite of, instead of, on, without
- Before going to bed he turned off the lights.
- Instead o f studying for her exams, she went out every night.
Sau các động từ như: admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, can't help, can't stand, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, finish
- He can’t help laughing when I wear that T-shirt.
After verbs that are followed by prepositions, such as "accuse of," "adjust to," "agree with," "apologize for," "approve of," "ask about," "ask for," "begin by," "believe in," "be used to," "care for," "carry on," "complain about," "concentrate on," and "congratulate on," it is essential to understand their specific usage to enhance clarity and coherence in communication.
- I am looking forward to seeing you again.
- She is used to getting up early.
When discussing various concepts, it's essential to consider the advantages of different alternatives, the chances of success, and the choices between options Additionally, one must acknowledge the dangers and difficulties involved, as well as any doubts about the outcomes Gaining experience in a particular field can be enjoyable and foster hope, while innovative ideas can spark interest and create opportunities for growth.
- We had problems finding our way back home.
- There's no point in waiting any longer.
3 CÁC TỪ THEO SAU BỞI INFINITIVE hay ING-FORM
Cách dùng và các nhóm từ Examples
Có cùng ý nghĩa: attempt, begin, bother, cannot bear, cease, continue, hate, intend, love, prefer, start
- 1 started to read / I started reading.
- They hate swimming/ They hate to swim.
Có cùng nghĩa nhưng khác cách dùng: advise, allow / permit, forbid
- She forbids us to talk (Infinitive - đi với tân ngữ)
- She forbids talking (Gerund - không có tân ngữ)
Khác về ý nghĩa: forget / remember, go on, regret, stop, try
- He stopped to smoke, (chen vào một hành động khác)
- He stopped smoking, (chấm dứt hẳn hành động)
Infinitive hay present participle: feel, hear, see, go, come
- I saw him go up the stairs (Nhấn mạnh rằng hành động được hoàn tất)
- 1 saw him going up the stairs.
(Hành động có thể được hoàn tất nhưng không cần thiết)
@áe d tttitj b ù i fit ft e/i t in l o i ị a t t i f i i i j c A jtli
- Giới từ là từ giới thiệu quan hệ không gian, thời gian hoặc quan hệ logic giữa các danh từ trong câu.
- Giới từ là những từ ngắn nhu: on, in, to thường đứng trước danh từ (đôi khi đứng trước danh động từ).
Việc học giới từ rất khó, không thể dịch theo kiểu word by word được
Giới từ trong ngôn ngữ bản địa có thể mang nhiều ý nghĩa khác nhau tùy thuộc vào ngữ cảnh Việc xác định chính xác khi nào sử dụng giới từ nào thường không có quy tắc cụ thể Để học giới từ hiệu quả, người học nên tra từ điển, đọc nhiều sách tiếng Anh và ghi nhớ các cụm từ.
Giới từ có nghĩa cơ bản giúp người học hiểu cách sử dụng trong các tình huống thông thường Tuy nhiên, khi kết hợp với động từ để tạo thành ngữ động từ, nghĩa của chúng có thể thay đổi hoàn toàn Ví dụ, "about" có nghĩa là "về", "across" là "ngang qua", "against" có nghĩa là "chổng lại", "among" chỉ "giữa (3 trở lên)", "at" có nghĩa là "tại, lúc", "behind" là "đằng sau", "beside" có nghĩa là "bên cạnh", "beyond" mang nghĩa "quá, lên trên, ra ngoài", và "by" có nghĩa là "bằng, bởi".
"Understanding prepositions is essential for effective communication in English Common prepositions include 'above,' which indicates a position higher than something else, and 'below,' referring to a position lower 'Between' is used to describe a location in the middle of two points, while 'around' suggests a surrounding area 'During' denotes a specific time frame, and 'after' indicates a sequence following an event The conjunction 'but' introduces contrast, and 'despite' conveys an idea of overcoming obstacles Mastering these terms enhances clarity and coherence in language use."
• 'ĩíi* ' ỉ t ì u d y except = ngoại trừ from = từ
The article discusses the meanings of various prepositions in Vietnamese "Inside" translates to "bẽn trong," while "like" means "như." The term "of" is represented as "cùa," and "on" is "trẽn." "Out" corresponds to "ngoài," and "over" translates to "ở trên đầu, trên." The word "since" is "từ khi," and "throughout" means "suốt, từ đầu đến cuối." "To" is expressed as "đến," "under" translates to "dưới," and "up" means "trên, lên." Finally, "with" is "với," and "without" translates to "mà không có."
2 VỊ TRÍ CỦA GIỚI TỪ
Trong tiếng Anh cơ bản, ta cần nhớ 3 vị trí chủ yếu cùa giới từ:
- Sau TO BE, trước danh từ:
• The book is on the table.
• I will study in Australia for 2 years.
- Sau động từ: Có thể liền sau động từ, có thể bị một từ khác chen giữa động từ và giới từ.
• I live in Ho Chi Minh City
I use my air conditioner exclusively during the summer months, ensuring a cool environment when temperatures rise The unit operates efficiently within my home, providing comfort during the hottest days I avoid using it outside of this season, conserving energy and reducing costs By only turning it on when necessary, I maintain a balance between comfort and sustainability.
• I'm not worried about living in a foreign country.
• He is not angry with you.
3 BẢNG QUY TẮC s ử DỤNG MỘT SÓ GIỚI TỪ THƯỜNG DÙNG a Giói từ chỉ thòi gian
Giói từ Cách dùng Examples on các ngày trong tuần on Monday in - tháng/ mùa
- sau một khoảng thời gian in August / in winter in the morning in 2006 in an hour at - ban đêm
At half past nine on weekend nights, a significant moment unfolds, marking a transition from the past to the present since 1980 This timeframe highlights a continuous experience that has persisted for an extended period, emphasizing the enduring nature of these weekend evenings.
Two years ago, we reflected on the concept of time, emphasizing its progression from the past to the present We discussed specific time references, such as "ten to six" (5:50) and "ten past six" (6:10), illustrating how these phrases indicate precise moments Additionally, we highlighted the use of "to," "till," and "until" to mark the beginning and end of time periods, such as "from Monday to Friday," which signifies the duration of an activity or event Understanding these time expressions is essential for effective communication and time management.
He is on holiday until Friday. by - có ý thời gian sớm nhất
- cho đến một điểm thời gian xác định
I will be back by 6 o’clock.
By 11 o'clock 1 had read five paaes.84
y/f' Wittily b Giới từ chỉ noi chốn (Hướng và vị trí)
Giói từ "Cách dùng" có thể được áp dụng trong nhiều ngữ cảnh như phònạ, tòa nhà, đường phố, thị trấn, quốc gia, sách và báo Ví dụ, "in the kitchen" chỉ vị trí trong bếp, "in London" chỉ địa điểm ở London, và "in the book" chỉ nội dung trong sách Tương tự, "in the car" và "in a taxi" chỉ không gian bên trong xe hơi hoặc taxi, trong khi "in the picture" và "in the world" đề cập đến hình ảnh hoặc thế giới xung quanh Giói từ cũng thể hiện nghĩa "ngay cạnh" hoặc "gần vật gì," như "at the door" chỉ vị trí ngay cửa ra vào, "at the table" chỉ nơi ngồi ăn, và "at a concert" hoặc "at the cinema" chỉ sự kiện văn hóa nơi bạn tham gia.
The article describes a school located near the Thames River in London, emphasizing its strategic position adjacent to public transport facilities It mentions various locations within the school, such as the first floor and specific areas like the left side of a table Additionally, it references the availability of media access, including television and radio, enhancing the learning environment for students.
@ áe ilt n t y b ù i t ậ p t'ltii'a l ỗ i s a i t ì è H i Ị c A ith by, next to, beside ờ vị trí bên phải hay trái của người hay vât
Jane is standing beside the car The bag is positioned under the table, indicating it is concealed by another object close to the ground In contrast, the fish are located below the surface of the water, suggesting they are suspended beneath the top layer.
Ô bị che phủ bởi vật khác có nghĩa là di chuyển sang phía bên kia hoặc vượt qua chướng ngại vật, ví dụ như "put a jacket over your shirt" hoặc "walk over the bridge." Hành động "climb over the wall" thể hiện việc vượt qua vật cản, trong khi "a path above the lake" chỉ vị trí cao hơn mà không nằm ngay trên vật đó Cụm từ "walk across the bridge" và "swim across the lake" minh họa cho việc di chuyển sang phía bên kia "Drive through the tunnel" cho thấy sự di chuyển xuyên qua một không gian hạn chế Các hành động như "go to the cinema" hay "go to London/Ireland" thể hiện sự di chuyển đến một địa điểm cụ thể, trong khi "go into the kitchen/the house" chỉ việc vào trong một không gian Cuối cùng, "go 5 steps towards the house" thể hiện sự di chuyển theo hướng của một vật.
■JỈ N ' ' ỉ ! ỉ n t ỉ y onto sự chuyển động lên phía trên cùng cùa một vật jump onto the table from từ ncri nào a flower from the garden
Các giói từ quan trọng khác rsiới từ Cách dùng Examples
'rom ai đó đưa cho cái gì a present from Jane
Các dạng so sánh của tính từ và phó từ
BÀI 19 CÁC DẠNG SO SÁNH CỦA TÍNH TỪ VÀ PHÓ TỪ
1 So sánh ngang bằng s + V + as + {adj/ adv} + as + {noun/ pronoun}
• My book is as interesting as yours.
• His car runs as fast as a race car.
• John sings as well as his sister.
• His job is not as difficult as mine.
• They are as lucky as we.
• Their house is as big as that one.
Nếu là câu phủ định, as thứ nhất có thể thay bằng so.
• He is not as tall as his father.
• He is not so tall as his father.
Sau as phải là một đại từ nhân xưng chù ngữ, không được là một đại từ tân ngữ.
• Peter is as tall as I (ĐÚNG)
• Peter is as tall as me (SAI)
Danh từ có thể được sử dụng để so sánh, tuy nhiên cần lưu ý rằng trước khi tiến hành so sánh, danh từ đó phải đi kèm với các tính từ tương ứng.
Adjectives Nouns heavy, light weight wide, narrow width deep, shallow depth long, short length big, small size
Khi so sánh bằng danh từ, sử dụng cấu trúc sau: s + V + the same + (noun) + as + {noun/ pronoun}
• My house is as high as his.
• My house is the same height as his.
Chú ý rằng "khác với" là cụm từ ngược nghĩa với "giống như" Không bao giờ sử dụng "khác hơn" trong ngữ cảnh này Dưới đây là một số ví dụ khác về cách so sánh bằng danh từ.
• These trees are the same as those.
• He speaks the same language as she.
• Her address is the same as Rita’s.
• Their teacher is different from ours.
Trong so sánh, có hai dạng chính: tính từ và phó từ ngắn (một hoặc hai âm tiết) và tính từ, phó từ dài (ba âm tiết trở lên) Khi thực hiện so sánh không ngang bằng, cần lưu ý cách sử dụng và cấu trúc của từng loại.
- Đối với tính từ và phó từ ngán chỉ cần cộng đuôi -er (thick - thickeil cold-colder; quiet-quieter)
Đối với tính từ ngắn kết thúc bằng một phụ âm (trừ w, x, z) và có một nguyên âm ngay trước phụ âm đó, chúng ta cần gấp đôi phụ âm cuối khi tạo dạng so sánh Ví dụ: "big" trở thành "bigger", "red" thành "redder", và "hot" thành "hotter".
- Đối với tính từ, phó từ dài, thêm more hoặc less trước tính từ hoặc phó till đó (more beautiful; more important; more believable).
- Đối với tính từ tận cùng là phụ âm + y, phải đổi y thành -ier (happy- happier; dry-drier; pretty-prettier).
Các tính từ có hậu tố -ed, -ful, -ing, -ish và -ous thường được biến đổi bằng cách thêm "more", bất kể chúng là tính từ dài hay ngắn Ví dụ, chúng ta có thể nói "more useful" (hữu ích hơn), "more boring" (nhàm chán hơn) và "more cautious" (thận trọng hơn).
Trường hợp đặc biệt: strong-stronger; friendly-friendlier than = mori friendly than.
Chú ý khi đã dùng m ore thì không dùng hậu tố -er và ngược lại Các ví df sau là SAI: more prettier, more faster, more better
Short adjective + er s + V + Short adverb + er + than + noun/pronoun
- Chi một số phó từ là có đuôi - e r , bao gồm: faster, quicker, sooner, latter.
- Nhớ dùng dạng thức chủ ngữ của đại từ sau than, không được dùng dạng tân ngữ.
Ví dụ về so sánh không ngang bằng:
• John’s grades are higher than his sister’s.
Today is hotter than yesterday.
This chair is more comfortable than the other.
He speaks Spanish more fluently than I (không dùng than me)
He visits his family less frequently than she does.
This year’s exhibit is less impressive than last year’s.
3 sánh không ngang bang có thể được nhấn mạnh bàng cách thêm much
Dặc far trước cụm từ so sánh. s + V + far + adjective + e r + than + noun/ pronoun much
A waterlemon is much sweeter than a lemon.
His car is far better than yours. s + V + far + more + adjective + than + noun/
Henry’s watch is far more expensive than mine.
That movie we saw last night was much more interesting than the one on
She dances much more artistically than her predecessor.
He speaks English much more rapidly than he does Spanish.
Danh từ cũng được dùng để diễn đạt phép so sánh ngang bàng hoặc
•lơn/kém Chú ý dùng tính từ bổ nghĩa đúng với danh từ đếm được hoặc chông đếm được. s + V + more + noun + than + noun / pronoun fewer less
' They have as few classes as we.
Cĩáe thtnt/ b ù i tiì/í (‘/liĩti trù U i! tif'm y ( 'ình
• Before payday, I have as little money as my brother
• I have more books than she.
• February has fewer days than March.
• Their job allows them less fredom than ours does.
• He earns as much money as his brother.
Khi so sánh một người/ một vật với tất cả những người hoặc vật khác phải thêm else sau anything/anybody
• He is smarter than anybody else in the class.
Khi sử dụng mệnh đề so sánh với "as" và "than", có thể loại bỏ chủ ngữ nếu nó trùng với chủ ngữ đầu tiên, đặc biệt khi động từ sau "than" và "as" ở dạng bị động Trong trường hợp này, "than" và "as" cũng đóng vai trò như đại từ quan hệ thay thế.
• Their marriage was as stormy as had been expected
(Incorrect: as it had been expected).
• He worries more than was good for him.
(Incorrect: than it/what was good for him).
Các tân ngữ cũng có thể bị loại bỏ sau các động từ ờ mệnh đề sau than và as:
• Don’t lose your passport, as I did last year.
(Incorrect: as I did it last year).
• They sent more than I had ordered.
(Incorrect: than I had ordered it).
• She gets her meat from the same butcher as I go to.
(Incoưect: as I go to him).
3 Phép so sánh không họp lý
Khi sử dụng câu so sánh, cần lưu ý rằng các đối tượng so sánh phải tương đương nhau, như người với người hoặc vật với vật Những lỗi phổ biến trong việc sử dụng câu so sánh không hợp lý thường được phân loại thành ba nhóm: sở hữu cách, "that of," và "those of."
Incorrect: His drawings are as perfect as his instructor.
(Câu này so sánh các bức tranh với người chi dẫn)
Correct: His drawings are as perfect as his instructor’s.
(instructor's = instructor's drawings) b Dùng thêm that o f cho danh từ số ít:
Incorrect: The salary o f a professor is higher than a secretary.
(Câu này so sánh professor với secretary)
Correct: The salary of a professor is higher than that o f a secretary.
(that of = the salary of) c Dùng thêm those o f cho các danh từ số nhiềụ:
Incorrect: The duties o f a policeman are more dangerous than a teacher (Câu này so sánh policeman với teacher)
Correct: The duties of a policeman are more dangerous than those o f a teacher
(those of = the duties of)
4 Các tính từ và phó từ đặc biệt
Một số ít tính từ và phó từ có dạng thức so sánh đặc biệt Chúng không theo các quy tắc nêu trên Nghiên cứu bàng sau:
@áe th ỉ ru/ b à i t ậ p e / iiia là i t a i t i i i i t j c/ b ilt
In English grammar, adjectives and adverbs can be compared using comparative and superlative forms For example, "far" becomes "farther" in the comparative and "farthest" in the superlative Similarly, "further" and "furthest" can also indicate comparison When discussing quantity, "little" changes to "less" and "least," while "few" becomes "more" and "most." The word "good" transforms into "better" and "best," while "well" and "bad" change to "worse" and "worst," respectively Understanding these forms is essential for effective communication in English.
• I feel much better today than I did last week.
• He has less time now than he had before.
• This magazine is better than that one.
• He acts worse now than ever before.
Lưu ý: farth e r dùng cho khoảng cách; fu rth er dùng cho thông tin hoặc các trường hợp trừu tượng khác.
• The distance from your house to school is farther than that o f mine.
• Next year he will come to the u.s for his further education.
• If you want further information, please call to the agent.
So sánh bội số là so sánh: bàng nửa (half), gấp đôi (twice), gấp ba (three times),
y/íf' '} ị ì t x ỉ y s + V + number multiple + as + much/many + (noun) + as _ + noun/pronoun _
Giống được sử dụng để so sánh hơn kém, nhưng không được dùng cho so sánh bằng Khi thực hiện so sánh, cần xác định xem danh từ là đếm được hay không đếm được, vì điều này ảnh hưởng đến cách sử dụng giông trong câu.
„> This encyclopedy costs twice as much as the other one.
• Jerome has half as many records now as I had last year.
_• At the clambake last week, Fred ate three times as many oysters as Bob.
Các lối nói: twice th a t many/twice th at much = gap đôi ngần ay chi được dùng trong khẩu ngữ, không được dùng trong văn viết.
• We have expected 80 people at that rally, but twice that many showned up (twice as many as that number).
Cấu trúc so sánh kép "Càng càng " yêu cầu các tính từ (Ađj) hoặc trạng từ (Ađv) đứng ở đầu câu, với "The" trước chúng Bạn có thể sử dụng một trong hai mẫu câu sau để thực hiện so sánh này.
• The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel.
(Trời càng nóng, tôi càng thấy khó chịu)
• The bigger they are, the faster they fall.
(Chúng càng to bao nhiêu thì càng rơi nhanh bấy nhiêu)
• The sooner you take your medicince, the better you will feel.
(Anh càng uống thuốc sớm bao nhiêu, anh càng cảm thấy dễ chịu bấy nhiêu)
(>tjr thuIt/ bài tập t'Ịiũ'a ỊẪÌ tu i tìêinỊ t ình
• The more you study, the smarter you will become.
(Càng học, anh càng thông minh hơn)
• The more I look into your eyes, the more I love you
(Càng nhìn vào mắt em, anh càng yêu em hơn)
Sau The more ở vế thứ nhất có thể thêm th a t nhưng không mẫu câu này không phổ biến.
• The more (that) you study, the smarter you will become.
Trong trường hợp nếu cả hai vế đều có chủ ngữ giả it is thì có thể bỏ chúng đi
• The shorter (it is), the better (it is).
Hoặc nếu cả hai vế đều dùng to be thì bỏ đi.
• The closer to the Earth's pole (is), the greater the gravitational force (is).
Các cụm từ như "all the better," "all the more," "not any the more," và "none the more" được sử dụng để nhấn mạnh các tính từ hoặc phó từ trong câu so sánh Những cụm từ này thường áp dụng cho các tính từ trừu tượng và thường xuất hiện trong văn nói.
• Sunday mornings were nice I enjoyed them all the more because Sue used to come round to breakfast.
• He didn’t seem to be any the worse for his experience.
• He explained it all carefully, but I was still none the wiser.
Cấu trúc này không dùng cho các tính từ cụ thể:
• Those pills have made him all the slimmer (SAI)
7 Cấu trú c No sooner than (V ừ a m ó i th ì đã )
Chỉ dùng cho thời quá khứ và thời hiện tại, không dùng cho thời tương lai
No sooner thường đứng ở đầu một mệnh đề, theo sau là trợ động từ được đảo lên trước chủ ngữ để tạo sự nhấn mạnh Trong khi đó, than lại đứng ở đầu mệnh đề còn lại.
No sooner + a u x ilia ry + s + V + than + s + V
• No sooner had we started out for California than it started to rain.
Một ví dụ ở thòi hiện tại (will được lấy sang dùng cho hiện tại)
• No sooner will he arrive than he will want to leave.
Lưu ý: No longer có nghĩa là not anymore Không dùng cấu trúc not longer cho các câu có ý nghĩa không còn nữa
• He no longer studies at the university.
(He does not study at the university anymore.) _
8 So sánh hơn kém không dùng than (giữa 2 đối tượng)
Khi so sánh hơn kém giữa hai người hoặc hai vật mà không sử dụng "than", để diễn đạt rằng một đối tượng nào đó tốt hơn, giỏi hơn, hay đẹp hơn, cần phải thêm "the" trước tính từ hoặc trạng từ so sánh Cần chú ý phân biệt với trường hợp so sánh khi có ba đối tượng trở lên, trong đó có cụm từ "of the two" + danh từ, có thể đứng ở đầu hoặc cuối câu.
• Harvey is the smarter o f the two boys.
• Of the two shirts, this one is the prettier.
• Please give me the smaller of the two cakes.
• Of the two books, this one is the more interesting.
9 So sánh bậc nhất (từ 3 đối tượng trở lên)
Khi so sánh ba người hoặc ba vật trở lên, chúng ta dùng cấu trúc để chỉ ra một đối tượng vượt trội hơn về một khía cạnh nào đó Để chuyển đổi tính từ và phó từ thành dạng so sánh bậc nhất, cần áp dụng quy tắc cụ thể.
- Đối với tính từ và phó từ ngắn: thêm đuôi -est.
- Đối với tính từ và phó từ dài: dùng most hoặc least.
- Truớc tính từ hoặc phó từ so sánh phải có the.
- Dùng giới từ in với danh từ số ít đếm được.
- Dùng giới từ of với danh từ số nhiều đếm được. adjective + est s + V + the + most + adjective + in + singular count noun least + adjective o f + p lu ra l count noun
• John is the tallest boy in the family."
• Deana is the shortest of the three sisters.
• These shoes are the least expensive of all.
• Of the three shirts, this one is the prettiest.
Sau cụm từ O ne o f the + so sánh bậc nhất + noun phải đảm bảo chắc chắn rằng danh từ phải là số nhiều, và động từ phải chia ở số ít.
• Kuwait is one o f the biggest oil producers in the world.
• One of the greatest tennis players in the world is Johnson.
Các phó từ thường không sử dụng các hậu tố -er hoặc -est Để chuyển đổi chúng sang dạng so sánh tương đối, ta thêm "more" hoặc "less" trước phó từ; và để chuyển sang dạng so sánh tuyệt đối, ta sử dụng "most" hoặc "least".
• Sal drove more cautiously than Bob.
• Joe dances more gracefully than his partner.
• That child behaves most carelessly o f all.
E XE R C IS E S - BÀI T Ậ P H 2 I- Chi ra câu nào đúng, câu nào sai trong những câu sau
Chữa lỗi sai trong các câu hói sau
2 What can I for you do?
5 From where do you come?
7 Does Frank works in Sheffield?
8 What did you last Sunday?
13 Who does the trumpet play?
15 Do you have got a brother?
17 Can the man the car drive?
18 Why wrote you this letter?
19 Do you can remember her name?
20 Think you not that it's time to go?
21 He sometimes reads the newspaper, does he?
23 They had a nice weekend, hadn't they?
24 Where walks home from school?
25 Mary has answered the teacher's question, didn't she?
26 The boy is from Turkey, wasn't he?
27 Sue wasn't listening, did she?
28 Where are the children been sitting?
29 Tom and Maria will arrive at Heathrow, will they?
30 When does Peter ran with his dog?
31 He's been to Texas, haven't he?
32 Dogs like meat, doesn’t they?
33 What does your rabbit has in the garden?
37 How does they go to work?
38 Why does David likes cats?
39 When isn't sleeping late today?
40 Lovely day today, aren't it? tlạ n t/ /từt t ậ p c h u a Ị ẽ ỉ Í U Ì tỉê'ntj c 4 n h
Chữa lỗi sai về thì trong c â u
1.1 live in a house I have bought 7 years ago.
2 The man who lives next door wrote four books about his travels.
3 1 have been listening to the recording several times today.
4 Did you ever taste a cereal called “quinoa”?
5 How many new words did you note down so far in this lesson?
6 Caroline has been visiting Hong Kong five times already.
7 I’ve seen that programme on television last night
8 How many times have you been asking for an explanation?
9 My English improved a lot this year.
10 In her previous job, Julie has spoken English a lot.
11 Jack has worked here between 1996 and 1999.
12 How many times did you go to the theatre this year?
13 How long ago has Emma taken up golf?
14 When I was 6 years old, I have got a bicycle for Christmas.
15 So far I didn’t make too many mistakes.
16 Tony is still watching TV He has watched it for 3 hours.
17.1 hate red meat Since I was a child I have been hating it.
18 How long have you attended these classes?
19 There is no lesson today The teacher has been on holiday.
20.1 can relax now I finished this exercise!
21 How long are you learning English?
22 How many cigarettes have you been smoking this afternoon ?
24 I’ve had my watch since a long time.
25 How many years are you living in London?
26 Mark is exhausted He is playing tennis since two hours
27 Sophie is doing very well at school since the beginning o f the year.
2 8 1 have worn this sweater since 9 o’clock this morning.
2 9 1 know Laura for many years.
30 Peter is attending English classes since two years.
31 My best friend has always been hating fish.
32 How many chapters of the book did you read so far ?
3 3 1 am waiting for the bus since a long time.
3 4 1 have listened carefully to the teacher since the beginning o f the lesson.
IV- Gerund hay To - infinitive? (Chỉ ra câu nào đúng, câu nào sai)
1 1 can't imagine Peter going by bike.
2 He agreed to buy a new car.
3 The question is easy answering.
4 The man asked me how to get to the airport.
5 1 look forward to see you at the weekend.
6 Are you thinking o f visiting London?
7 We decided running through the forest.
8 The teacher expected Sarah studying hard.
9 She doesn't mind working the night shift.
10 1 learned riding the bike at the age of 5.
11 We decided to buy a new car.
12 They've got some work to do.
14 He'd like flying an aeroplane.
1 5 1 enjoy to write picture postcards.
16 Do you know what doing if there's a fire in the shop?
17 Avoid to make silly mistakes.
18 My parents wanted me being home at 11 o'clock.
19.1 dream about to build a big house.
21 It's obvious he's only interested in making money.
22 Anne couldn't find a taxi so I offered driving her to the station.
23.1 managed booking two seats on the morning flight.
24.1 promise sending you our new brochure as soon as it's available.
25 Peter was delighted to meet a former colleague at the conference.
26 I avoid taking the car whenever possible, especially in big cities.
27 We finished the job by working 12 hours a day.
28 Bob sent a report to the Chairman instead of attending the meeting.
29 A lot o f people dislike to drive at night.
30.1 intend speaking to my boss about your complain
31.1 had to ask the boys stopping riding their mini-scooters in the corridor.
32 Don't start trying to learn algebra before you have finished learning to do simple things in arithmetic.
33 We can't think o f buying a new house before to sell the old one.
34 I'd love having the opportunity of meeting you again.
35 Our teacher has promised to help us preparing for next week's test. 36.1 hate getting up early in winter and getting ready in the dark.
37 If you can't fix that old thing, try hitting it with a hammer!
38 I saw her sitting at the bus stop, and I heard her telling her friend not to wait for her.
39 Poor Charles! The police suspected him of trying to sell stolen bicycles.
40 Can you manage to finish to pack these parcels alone?
V- Tìm lỗi sai và sửa trong các câu điều kiện sau
1 If you come with me, I would do the shopping with you.
2 Walter will help his mother in the garden if she read him a story this evening.
3 If it rain, I will stay at home.
4 Our teacher had been happy if we learn the poem by heart.
5 If they have enough money, they would buy a new car.
6 We would pass the exam if we study harder.
7 If Pat repaired his bike, he will go on a bicycle tour with us.
8 She will get 100 pounds if she sold this old shelf.
9 If I was you, I would invite Jack to the party.
10 If the weather was fine, the children can walk to school.
11 If it rains, I wore a raincoat.
12 If Rose were older, she can go to the party.
13 If we had taken enough water, we wouldn't had been thirsty.
14 Harry could fly to Helsinki if he have more money.
15 If Mark does the washing up, his mother would have more time for him.
16 What will you do if you saw a burglar?
17 We might have have a glass of hot chocolate if you had bought some milk.
18 If I were you I should kept the secret.
19 Ron would understand more if the teacher speaks clearly.
20 If Doris has got up earlier, she wouldn't have been late for school.
21 You will be sent to prison if you did that.
22 Would she go if she is invited?
23 Who would have won the World War II if the nuclear bomb was produced by the Nazis firm?
24 This joke would not be funny if it is translated into French.
25 This country could be richer if it had not been badly governed.
26 They will have cut off the electricity if the bills had not been paid.
27 The window would not been broken if the children had not been playing football in the garden.
28 The room will not be repainted if it was not empty.
29 The magazine would be read by more people if it had been better articles.
30 The cars would not have been bought if we did not do such a huge advertising campaign.
31 The car will be repaired if somebody would take it there.
32 Leonardo could build his flying machine if he had been bom 400 years later.
33 It would have been forgotten if nobody reminded them.
34 It would be forgotten if nobody had reminded them.
35 If I was a better conversationalist, will I be invited to parties more often?
3 6 1 would study Italian if it is taught here.
3 7 1 would not have walked home if my bicycle have not been stolen.
38 He would have been given the death penalty if he was found guilty.
39 He would be given die death penalty if he will be found guilty.
40 A doctor will be called for if somebody will fall ill.
VI- Xem những câu giả định sau, câu nào đúng, câu nào sai:
1 It's important that she remembers to take her medicine twice a day.
2 I suggest that Frank read the directions carefully before assembling the bicycle He doesn't want the wheels to fall off while he is riding down a hill.
3 Mrs Finkelstein demanded that the heater repair immediately Her apartment was freezing.
4 It's vital that the United States focus on improving its public education system What we do now will affect our country for generations to come.
5 The monk insisted that the tourists enter the temple until they had removed their shoes.
6 I am not going to sit here and let her insult me I demand that she immediately apologizes for what she just said.
7 Judy asked that we attend her graduation ceremony next week.
8 Was it really necessary that I sit there watching you the entire time you were rehearsing for the play? It was really boring watching you repeat the scenes over and over again.
9 It is important to remember that Janine think very differently from you She may not agree to the changes you have made in the organization of the company.
10 It's a little difficult to find the restaurant I propose that we all drive together so that nobody gets lost along the way.
11 The woman insisted that the lost child takes to store's information desk so his parents could be paged.
12 The nutritionist recommended that Sally reduces her daily fat intake.
13 The environmental leader felt it was extremely important that the people of the city allow to voice their concerns over the new hotel being built on the bay.
14 She told me that the government regulate the airline industry I don't know if that is true.
15 The sign at the pool recommended that you swim after eating a large meal.
16 It is necessary that a life guard monitor the swimming pool while the children are taking their swimming lessons.
17 The sun is scorching today I suggest you put on sunblock immediately before you get a sun bum.
18 John insists that Sarah invites to the wedding; otherwise he will not attend.
19.1 think it's an interesting fact that she come from Estonia.
20 It is imperative that the world work towards a solution to global warming before the weather patterns of the world are disrrupted iưeparably.
21 It is essential that she is at the meeting.
22 If I was you I would call her tonight.
23 It is necessary that every student wears a uniform.
24.1 hope that he finish his homework on time.
25 The doctors recommended that she take a vacation.
26 The boss asks that you are early for your first day of work.
27 If you are feeling better we would go.
28 It is important that we call home as soon as we arrive.
29 The landlord requested that John moved out of the apartment.
30 We want the windows be washed before Friday.
31 If I were you, I would talk to the manager.
32 If I had been a rich man!
33 If I have more time, I would show you my office.
34 If she was my girlfriend, I would buy her roses every day.
36 Do you surf? - No but I wish I could.
37 I'd rather you come another time.
38 Horatio would rather people knew about his test monkeys.
39 It's about time Bill was retired.
40 It's high time that you and I had a chat about it.
VII- Tìm lỗi sai trong các câu bị động sau
1 The food were not eaten.
2 This airplane is driven with a robot.
3 All the wine have been drunk.
4 A house can been drawn easily.
5 His homework is never did.
(^/íí’ titu ttj h à i t â p etn T a Ị t ìỉ > tit t i f i n j < J tth
6 A big hole were being dug in the garden.
7 This problem is not being dealed with.
8 The tall trees in our street is being cut down.
9 This one have been chosen.
10 The bank robbers have been catched by the police.
11 All the ingredients has been bought.
12 Their house was being rebuild.
13 This program being broadcast all over the world.
14 The window has been broke.
15 Our tent was blowed away by the wind.
16 She was bitten from a dog yesterday.
17 He was beeten up last week.
18 This house is being repaint.
19 German is not teached at this school.
20 This play was written buy Shakespeare.
21 The picture is beeing lent to a famous museum.
22 The stolen car were left in the ditch.
23 John and Ann was not misled.
24 It had not been knew for years.
25 The thing could not been kept secret.
26 Peter and Tom was hurt in an accident yesterday.
27 South Florida and Hawaii has been hit by a huưicane.
28 The treasure must has been hidden.
29 Everything that had is overheard remained a secret.
30 The money have not been given to me.
31 I have not be given the money.
32 All bottles was frozen before transportation.
33 What he has done to me cannot be forgave.
34 Everything is going be forgotten.
36 The best way will been found.
37 The battles for liberation had been fighted before the liberation o f the Iron Curtain.
38 The mosquito bite could not been felt.
39 It are said that learning English is easy.
40 Our horses is well fed.
VIII- Trong những câu sau, câu nào là câu đảo ngữ đúng, câu nào sai:
1 Hardly had I began to apologize when the door closed.
2 Seldom have I heard such a talented singer.
3 Had known John that she liked cuưy, he would have brought her to an Indian restaurant.
4 Rarely the artist paid attention to his agent's advice.
5 Never had he felt so depressed.
6 In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers' lost property.
7 No sooner the couple had’arrived than the priest started the ceremony.
8 Only when he saw his wife's face did Tom realized the meaning of the comment.
9 Never at any time had she said (that) she was allergic to cats.
10 Under no circumstances can the restaurant accept animals.
11 In no circumstances would I accept this!
12 Nowhere else will you find such nice people.
13 Only in the USA have I saw such high buildings.
14 Never in the field o f human conflict has so much been owed by so many to so few.
15 Not only is he handsome but he is also rich.
16 No sooner had I thrown him out he tried to come in again.
17 Rarely will you see him in a pub.
18 Only with the help o f everybody we can hope to find her
19 Never in my life will I talk to her again!
20 On no account must you repeated this!
21 In no other way the matter could be explained.
22 Hardly did we had started when it began to rain.
23 Seldom have I heard such beautiful singing.
24 Never shall I forget your kindness.
25 Only then did I saw the danger we were in.
26 No sooner had we left the house than it exploded.
27 Not till he got home he did realize that he had lost the key.
28 Not only did they rob you, they smashed everything.
29 Down fell half a dozen apples.
30 Should an emergency arose, dial 999.
31 Was Rex a little more hardworking, he would not have failed.
32 Had Mr Chan be kinder to his employees, his business would not have collapsed.
33 Never have I seen such a beautiful flower show.
34 Little do he realize how important the matter is.
35 Only then did he realize the danger of the situation.
36 So sudden was the attack (that) they had no time to escape.
37 Such was his strength that could he bend iron rods.
38 Not only do they rob her, they smash everything too.
39 Not only do I enjoyed classical music, but I also have a season ticket to the symphony.
40 Seldom has he seen anything stranger.
IX- Hãy xem trong các câu sau, giới từ nào sử dụng đúng, giói từ nào s a i.
4 He went to his friend's house.
5 She aưived in Manchester for the celebrations.
6 I'm going to stay home this weekend.
7 Joanna works in the hospital.
8 Why don't we go to the movies tonight?
9 I'm going to see Hania in France this summer.
10.1 arrived work early this morning.
11 She came to home early.
12 We stayed in the Daewoo Hotel.
13 They visited in England last summer.
14 She's going to travel in Finland this summer.
15 I'll be on school later today.
16 He's been working in three weeks.
17.1 fell asleep in the film.
18 Did you see Donata during your holiday?
19 We talked in an hour.
20 He watched TV while I cooked.
21 While our stay in London, we visited a lot of museums.
22 What did you do while you were in London?
2 3 1 think I need to study Polish in a few months before I go there.
2 4 1 came up with a great idea during I was thinking about my class.
25 They drove through the countryside while they were staying in France.
26 He was out of work on six months before he found a new job.
125 ê ó í tì It Ị Ị tf h ù i t ù p e/ttĩa / S i t u i tii'n tj < fu ll
2 7 1 broke my finger during I was playing squash.
28 Please, don't interrupt the teacher while he is speaking.
29 Magda broke into tears during the film.
30 Could you hold on in a few moments?
31 Let's meet at seven o'clock.
32 He was bom at July.
34 She'll be at work in Thursday.
35 We met at Christmas day.
36 They drove to Barlinek in September 15th.
37 We arrived in this country in September.
3 8 1 love to go shopping in Christmas time.
39 We get up early at the morning.
40 Do you dream at night?
41 What do you like doing in weekends?
42 He's working on his homework at the moment.
4 3 1 lived in Holland on the 1990s.
44 I'll see you for a few weeks.
45 We like going to the cinema on Fridays.
46 She wasn't short, she wasn't tall; she was at average height.
47 What are you going to buy Hania on her birthday?
48 The police are looking at a tall, black man who was seen standing outside the bank just before the robbery took place.
49 The teacher asked the class to do the exercise on the bottom o f page 12.
50 As a child I was always ashamed at my parents because they were uneducated.
51.1 was always very good at Geography when I was at school.
52 My uncle specializes on sociolinguistics.
53 We arrived at the airport at 3.30 in the morning.
54.1 didn't see you in the party on Saturday.
55 There was a lot of coughing while the performance o f Moniusko's 'Fairy Tale' symphony.
56 He saw her as the most attractive woman in the world.
57 Simon is completely useless on sports.
X- Tìm lỗi sai ở các từ, cụm từ gạch chân, (tnỗỉ câu có một lỗi sai)
1 Hardly do a day pass without my writing to Lan.
2 The best seats in the theater will be reserved for inviting guests.
3 As soon as the next lecture will end, let’s leave.
4 That building, its architect is very famous, has becpme a national
5 Although her leg was broke, she managed to get out o f the train herself.
6 He decided to order a lamb for lunch because he was very hungry.
7 Most children and adults go to the cinema, that is a very attractive place.
8 Tuan had so interesting and creative plans that everyone wanted
9 Hai was too selfish for helping anyone though he was very rich.
10 Tom did so well in his speech today that he should have rehearsed
A B it many times this past week.
11 This is such a good tea that I think r u have another cup.
12 Our Spanish professor would like us spending more time in
A B c the laboratory practising our pronunciation lO
13 There comes my bus! I must go now Don't forget giving me a call.
14 Max would rather to be fishing from this boat in the lake than sitting
A B C D at his desk in the office.
15.1 have a lot of work to do I wish I have more time.
16 The teacher tried to make the classes enjoyable experiences for die students
A so they would take a greater interest in the subject.
17 The students had thought that the English test was very difficulty.
18 Anybody who plans to attend the class ought send their date for birth
D ê í í é tilt ft tj h ù i t a p eJtua l ồ i s a i tie n tj c4tth
19 As soon as he will come back from his office, tell him to see me.
20 Hal's new sports car cost much more than his friend Joe.
21 Our main factory can be found in Nguyen Du street in Hồ Chí Minh city.
22 Bess is used to fly after having crossed the continent many times
23 Because there are less members present tonight than there were last
A B c night, we must wait until the next meeting to vote.
24 We had better to review this chapter carefully because we will have
A B some questions on it on our test tomoưow. c D
25 Tom is particularly fond of cooking, and he often cooks really delicious
26 The little boy's mother bought him a five-speeds racing bicycle for his
27 The progress made in space travel for the early 1960s is remarkable.
(&áe tlitn tj h ù i t â p c h u a iồ i s a i t ì ê t t i Ị cAith
28 Despite the time o f the year, yesterday's temperature was enough hot
A B C to turn on the air conditioning.
29 She has not rarely missed a play or concert since she was 18 years old.
30 Danny spent such enjoyable vacation in Europe this summer
A that he plans to return as soon as he saves enough money.
31 They have not decided how to deal with the new problems already.
32 Mary usually arrives at the office at nine o'clock, but because the storm,
A B c she was two hours late.
33 There was a very interesting news on the radio this evening about
34 She refused to tell us why was she crying.
35 The teacher had already given the homework when he had remembered
36 Folk artists have few or no formal art training.
37 Having been beaten by the police for sưiking an officer, the man will cry
38 The film was so bored that all the audience had gone home before it ended.
39 This man is not strong enough to lift it and that one isn't neither.
40 Many people have complain about the dirt from the factory.
41 Noise is a psychological term referring toward unpleasant, unwanted.
42 Many tourists comes to this city every year.
43 Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that have always had
44 Every where we went, we saw groups of Japan tourists.
45 Criminal contempt, committed in the presence of the court, may consist
A B c of disorderly behavior, disrespectful, or disobedience of a judge's orders.
4 6 1 met a friend of me at the fun fair last night.
131 d á t d a titj lù ii it ĩp e ỉiử a l ồ i s a i tiẻ'*iij c/tnh
47 The Cubist movement in art was a reaction against traditional methods
48 As I entered the house I heard some opened an upstairs door.
49 During the 1600s skilled shoemakers scarce were in what is now the
50 The success applicants were told to report for work the next day.
51 To turn on the light, I was surprised at what I saw.
52 We didn’t meet each other since we left school more than ten years ago.
5 3 1 would rather live on a farm than to live in a city.
54 Krishna telephoned to asked me what things should he brine for the campfire.
55 The school library is_free and open for all the pupils and teaching staff.
56 From my opinion, even the reading o f comics is to be en encouraged.
57 The pain-killing agent most commonly administered in dentistry
A B is the local anesthetic, who produces loss of feeling only in a specific area. c D
58 “I have never seen so a lovely and life-like statue,” said Sham excitedly.
59 Certain types o f computers work properly only in environments with
60 The boys walked more farther into the forest, where the trees grew
A B c more thickly than in others parts.
61 Some art historians have saỵ that too many artists have tried only
A B to imitate previous painting styles. c D
62 “Of course everybody want money, but the wav you go about getting
A B C D it is what matters.” replied the policeman.
63 Inventor Granville Woods received him first patent on January 3, 1984,
64 Except for he, the rest o f the the boys are very good in their studies.
65 Throughout history, shoes have been worn not only for protection and
66 “As far as I know, he use to live in Perak until he got himself a job in
67 Worker bees labor for the good of the hive by collecting food, caring for
A B c the young, and to expand the nest.
68 A maljit asked to be excuse from the meeting as he had a swollen ankle
A B and had to see the doctor. c D
69 Pathologists use their knowing of body tissues and body fluids to aid
7 0 1 was quite surprised to find that your science labortory has such
71 Objects falling freely n a vacuum have the same rate o f speed is regardless
A B c o f differences in size and weight.
72 When asked whether he could have left his bag at the station, he replied,
73 The construction o f sundials was considered to be an acceptable part
A B c of a student's educator as late as the seventeenth century.
74 When the sun came over the horizon the children came out of the little
A B hut, for now they felt save once more. c D
75 Historians have never reached some general agreement about the precise
A B c causes of the Civil War in the United States.
76 When he first went to overseas he faced many problems because he
77 Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos from largest
78 Even though Malik is the eldest in his family, but his parents are handing
A B c D the business over to his younger brother.
79 A neutron star forms when a star much more massive than the Sun dies
80 The euest speaker did not really know his subject and we felt so boring
A B c because he was reading ail the time.
81 Violations of the child's right to protection take place in every country and
82 “Why does Borhan always goes back on Saturdays?” asked the Captain
83 Although most smokers know that smoking is bad for their health, but only
A B C D few o f them want to stop smoking.
84 Although he is the youngest among the brothers, he is tallest than any o f them.
85 John stopped writing his letter because he had to leave to the hospital.
86 My grandmother always said that to be success one had to work hard
A B c and make the best of opportunity.
87 Reading is an important skill that benefits children in many wav.
A B c and can turn into an extremely rewarding hobby later in life.
88 “If anything else you want me to buy for you from Haadyai,
A B please let me know.” said Kamala just as she was leaving, c D
89 Reading can be a way to escape from a bad day, a way to self- entertain.
A B c and a tool which students can use to succeed for many other subjects
90 “When did you last had a haircut?” shouted the discipline master at Hamid.
91 One of the best wavs to encourage your children to read are to provide
A B c interesting title for them to enjoy.
92 We are constantly reminded that too much sugar are bad for our health
A B c and yet many people do not care.
93 Every body likes reading more better than usual when they like the subject.
94.1 know a boy who is extremely good in immitiating the voices of other
95 Despite my many hours of practice, I can't hardly beat Jimmy in chess.
96 We come home late sometimes but we have a key with us.
97 You'd better to think carefully before making your final decision.
98 After the doctor had applied some medicine to the wound, it felt
99 They haven't had such a good time together since they get married.
137 ê ớ í ' tliu tfj h à ỉ t á p c ltữ a l ò i i u i tiên tỊ cfo th
100 He called the children together and gave each of him a lollipop.
101 What would happen because I pressed that red button?
102 She had left the office when she saw how angry he was.
103 The doctdf strongly advised her take a few days’ rest.
104 She has disappeared three days ago, and they are still looking for
105 Mary has so many things do that she has no tune to go out.
106 We were surprising by the results of the test.
107 She spent many money on clothes at the supermarket yesterday.
108.1 don’t think I can get the job because there are many applicant for it
109 When he was a little boy, he is used to go swimming in the river
110 In the future, human workers might be replace by robots in dangerous
A B C D areas such as nuclear power plants or coal mines.
111 Our trip to Swiss Alps had to be put out twice because of bad weather.
112 There is a ugly toad in the flower pot Please throw it away.
113 I'm very worried as neither of mv brothers have returned from the picnic.
114 Mindy was do her homework when the kitchen caught fire.
115 Let her lav on the couch for a while She looks quite ill.
116 The driver made a dangerously mistake which cost many lives.
117 I'm not going to friend you anymore You are too insincere.
118 My mother likes to eat good foods She does not believe in pills.
119 Did you see your picture? It was in yesterday newspaper.
120 Though mv grandfather is old, she is very healthy and alert.
121 Today’s farmers have increased milk production greatly through improved
A B c methods of breeding, feeding, and manage dairy cattle.
122 Hypoglycemia is a condition in which a rapidly drop in blood sugar
A B most often results from anoversecretion of insulin from the pancreas. c D
&áe iltiiitỊ h à i t ậ p e h ữ u Ị ễ i 3u i f if ili j cH nh
123 Newborn infants show a distinct preference for human voices over
A B other sounds and also prefer her own mothers’ voices to the voices c D o f stranger.
124 The Chippewa and Santee Sioux of the Upper Mississippi River regional
A have used catlinite to produce carvings for almost 150 years.
125 Absolutely nothing that floats, neither a cocked bottle nor a 50,000-ton
A B ships can escape the effects of water currents. c D
126 The Wright Brothers were owner of a bicycle shop, and they used a number
A B o f bicycle parts to make the original motorized airplane. c D
127 Gemstones are usually bright, colour, opaque or transparent minerals found
A B C D in the rocks o f the Earth.
128 The modem detective story, in which a detective solves a crime by
A discovering and interpretation evidence is considered to have originated
B c D with Edgar Allan Poe’s “The murders in the Rue Morgue” in 1841. 129.The superintendent of women nurse for the Union Army during the
Civil war was Dorothea Dix.
130 Slow growth in the early 1900’s, linked with rising unemployment, less
A B spend, and meager business investments, led many experts to declare a c D recession.
131 Orchestrating musical works requires a understanding o f the range and
132 The Canadian province of British Columbia is rich o f minerals and,
A because over 50 percent o f the land is covered with forests, lumbering
133 Each major styles o f architecture emerged because new problems in
A B building or challenges in design appeared for architects to resolve. c D
134 Much o f the significant research related for the theory o f numbers
A B c concerns the distribution of prime numbers.
135 Lauren Bacall máde her film debut in To Have and Have Not, starring
A B together Humphrey Bogart, who later became her husband. c D
136 The black leopard is very dark that its spots are difficult to see.
137 On steep hillsides, ữee roots bind to soil that might otherwise be washed
138 Carson McCullers was only 23 when she published for her first novel,
The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter, for what she received much acclaim. c D
139 Through the process of imprinting, die young of a species rapidly learn to
A B c recognize and follow other members o f own species.
140 The invention o f fresh metaphors today continues to make it possible
A B c the vivid expression of emotions.
141 Proteins are made up of long, folded irregularly chains, the links of
142 Although most species of small birds gather in groups at feeders provided by bird-watchers, the bright red cardinals usually appears
A B c alone or with its mate.
143 The astronomy is the oldest science, but it continues to be at the forefront
144 Henry David Thoreau was an American writer who is remembered for
A B his faith in religious significance of the nature. c D
145 Gold or silver bullion serve into commerce as mediums of exchange all
146 What is the higher mountain in the world?
147.1 wish my mother gives me presents more often.
148 The teacher was pleasing with the result of your examination.
149 The little boy didn't know how lacing his shoes.
150 You are quite so thin that you can slip between the bars.
XI- Mỗi câu có một lỗi sai, tìm và sửa chúng:
1 He was such an intelligent student that he could pass the final exam easy.
2 Would you mind to close the door for me?
3 It was very kind of him helping me with the housework.
4 Because their financial problems; they couldn’t send their children to better school.
5 He still went swimming despite of the heavy rain.
6 He learnt to play the guitar since he was a small boy.
7 His father said if he is free at weekends, he would go fishing with me.
8 The friend to who I want to introduce you is away this weekend.
9 Mary told to her friends what she would never walk alone in the forest after dark
10 She refused to tell us why was she absent yesterday.
11.1 don’t have many money as the other students.
12 It was nice o f him to let me to boưovv money.
13 A number of large insurance companies have its headquarter in
14 There are thousand o f different types o f roses.
15 Most o f us does not realize how much the car has influenced our lifestyles.
16 They did not meet each other since they left school more than five years ago.
17 The Sun is so bright to look at directly.
18 A person must be at least thirty years age in order to serve as a senator.
19 The most small vessel in the circulatory system are capillaries.
20 The most important period o f physical growth in human occurred during their first two years.
21 The first bicycle race on record in the United States taken place in 1883.
22 How long are you a member of the tennis club?
23 As a young man, George Washington liked boating, to hunt, and fishing.
24 Computers are often used to control, adjust and correct complex industrial operation.
25 Modem motorcycles are lighter, faster and specialized than motorcycles of twenty-five-years ago.
26 The Sahara desert in Africa is by far the most large desert in the world, covering an area nearly as big as the United States.
27 Pork provides people with important nutrients which they need them.
28 Many people has complained about the polluted river.
29 If Kennedy would have lived a little longer, he would have won the election.
30 Neil Armstrong was the first person set food on the moon.
31 He slept soundly in his bed when the bomb went off.
32 My parents don’t allow me staying out after 10 p.m.
33 The secretary has done many mistakes in typing the letter for her boss.
34 The new hotel they are building is twice larger than the one on the main street.
35 He practices English every day in order to he can speak to foreigners.
36 Do you think taking care o f children are a heavy duty?
37 It was so a hot day that we wanted to stay at home.
38 He must retyping the report before she hands it to the manager.
39 Does her hair need to be cutting?
40 A large number o f the students in this school speaks English fluently.
41 The streets were crowded in people during the festival.
42 The girl who father is a famous lecture is my close friend.
43 After having wrote the letter, she went to the post office.
44 He is one of the best student in our school.
45 There were terrible news about the storm on television last night.
4 6 1 am going to have my car repair next month.
47 The United Nations play an important role in preserving the world peace.
48 If you work hard, you would be successful in anything that you do.
49 There are some interesting foreign students stay in with our family.
('iic tỉtnuỊ h ù i tậ p ehãa tồ i l a i l if t t f f ifa th
50 Jack London, that was a famous American writer, wrote many great novels.
51 Those French teachers are the most interested teachers we have ever known and talked to.
52 Lot of students want to study but they do not have enough money.
5 3 1 would like to recommend this book to anyone who like animals.
54 A lot of football fans is gathering in front o f the stadium.
55 What are the differences between women in old times with women in modem times?
56 She often spends a lot of money on shopping at weekends.
57 Connecticut together with the other New England states are dotted with many little lakes.
58 Do you think that poor teenagers have a lot problems?
59 As everyone knows that he is really a good football player.
60 She always wishes she knew using a personal computer.
61 He said that he had been knowing her for three years.
6 2 1 don't know where was our English teacher bom
63 We appreciate to have had the opportunity to work for the voluntary organization.
64 Betty is one o f the women who is responsible for organizing the outin.
65 Having finished the assignment in time, it was sent to the supervisor.
66 Not only the athlete but also his wife are going to the party tonight.
67 She talked about Egypt as if she has been there.
6 8 1 passed my exam last summer, but my friend has just failed her
69 She is believing everything her son told her.
70 The more I got to know them, the fewer I liked them.
71 Philosophy, the inquiry into the nature of human knowledge it is still a very popular subject among university students.
72 When an university formulates new regulations, it must relay its decision to the students and faculty.
73.1 am angry because you didn't tell me the truth, I don't like having deceived.
74 Water that has had the minerals removed called "soft" water.
75 My sister told me that her boyfriend wasn't liking football matches on TV.
76 These televisions are all too expensive for we to buy at this time.
77 After she had bought himself a new car, she sold her bicycle.
78 Jackie, who isn't speaking French, wants to study it at the Adult Center.
79 The idea o f to study abroad is attractive to many students.
80 After having dinner in that restaurant last night, I felt badly and my wife had to take me to the hospital.
81 Robert spent three sleepless nights to try to solve the problem
82 John's get a pay rise will make him happy.
83 Most presidential candidates have their names print on the ballot in the New Hampshire primary election.
84 In present-day buiness entrepreneurs are taken fewer risks than their predecessors a century ago.
85 The brothers Grimm intended their fairy tales to be studied by scholars of German literature and not to enjoy as simple stories by children.
86 The American frontierman, politician, and soldier Davy Crockett is one of the most popular of American hero.
87 Three months after they have been laid, crocodile eggs are ready hatched.
88 A dolphin locates underwater objects in its path by doing a series of clicking and whistling sounds.
89 A desert area that has been without water for 6 years will still bloom when rain will come.
90 While both are members of the citrus family, the lemon is different from the grapefruit in that it is smaller and bitter.
91 The term "ground" refers to an electrical conductor that completes an electrical circuit by connection to earth.
(jf'if t U u n j b à i ỉ ộ p c h Cut /tfi t a t f it i t i j t 'Ịỉt/t
92 As to a scientist and chemist, George Washington Carver discovered over 450 uses for the peanut and other agricultural products.
93 Consisting almost entirely o f organic material, coal results from the compaction of decayed plants over million o f years.
94 Little they knew in 1962, when the first TV broadcast began, that it would have such an impact on people's everyday life.
95 She has found that nobody can help her if she did not try her best to do it herself.
9 6 1 have considered asking him raising my salary, but I do not think he can afford to do it.
97 Rice, which it still forms the staple diet o f much o f the world's population, grows best in hot, wet lands.
98 Those who have never been abroad is eager to see how different the other cultures are.
99 Helen as well as her friends have never been out of town since they were five years old.
100 It is considered impolite to ask how much does a person earn in his job. 101.1 was sorry to hear o f his mother death.
102 How many child do you have?
103.1 will finish read the newspaper in a few minutes.
104 His car does not seem to be bad damaged.
105.1 usually eat lunch on noon.
106 My mother bought a new pair of glove last week.
107 Why don't you borrow books in the local lending library?
108 He had to admit that there were something in what mother kept saying.
109 The students suggested buying flowers for the teachers in the Teachers' Day.
110 No one have solved such a difficult problem.
111 Unless you work harder, you will be sack because o f your laziness.
112 If you write the essay careful, you will get good mark.
113 Ordinary Americans are friendly and not afraid to show its feelings.
114 The girl who were injured in the accident is now in hospital.
115 Thank you very much of the present that you sent me.
116 There wasn't some directory in the telephone box from which I was phoning.
117 The man who I was waiting for didn't turn up.
118 Women wear make-up to beautiful themselves.
119 Mai and Lan have a row because they have misunderstood one another.
120 The workers are building a new bridge which is 150 meters in high.
121 She is the most beautiful woman who I have ever met.
122 It's no use asking them keep quiet.
123 This text is too long for me to read it.
124.1 can't get used to doing so difficult exercises.
125 My father doesn't know speak English.
126 She behaves as if she was a baby.
127 You wanted me to tell you about what I was doing here and how was my life.
128 The course is good, but more hard than I thought.
129 Sleeping all day, to eat too much and never going out is unhealthy.
130 When he arrived at the hotel yesterday, he was signing the guest book.
XII- Tìm các lỗi sai trong các đoạn văn sau và sửa chúng.
Technological advancements are occurring at an unprecedented pace, with significant developments emerging almost weekly that would have seemed unimaginable just 50 years ago Over the past two decades, computers have transformed our lives, and this rapid evolution is expected to continue, potentially accelerating in the coming years The next 25 years may bring as many changes as the previous 150, profoundly impacting the future of work and society as a whole.
By 2010, advancements in technology will transform communication, allowing messages to be transmitted via telephone lines instead of traditional postal services This shift will lead to the near extinction of a postal system that has remained largely unchanged since ancient times As a result, roles such as postmen, clerks, and secretaries will become obsolete in a paper-free society, with their routine tasks being handled by small silicon chips The introduction of this technology will render these jobs as outdated as horse-drawn carriages following the advent of the automobile, potentially displacing thousands, if not millions, of workers.
Wall Street, located in lower Manhattan, New York City, serves as the epicenter of the United States' financial institutions, profoundly impacting the lives of millions globally The activities and events that unfold on Wall Street resonate far beyond its physical location, influencing economic trends and financial markets worldwide.
Wall Street is often regarded as the finance capital of the world, with decisions made there significantly impacting the U.S economy and the lives of its citizens The name "Wall Street" originates from Peter Stuyvesant, who, in 1652, ordered the construction of a wall to protect the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam from English attacks Following the Revolutionary War, the area became the hub for government officials from the city, State of New York, and the United States Notably, President George Washington was inaugurated there in 1789, and the first United States Congress convened in this historic location.
Billionaire Bill Gates has proposed a $9 billion vision for global communications to Boeing, which has expressed interest but has yet to officially commit to the Teledesic project Initially unveiled in 1994 by Gates and Craig McCaw, the plan aimed to launch a constellation of 840 satellites to provide fiber optic-quality communications to 99% of the world, though it was met with skepticism Analyst Peter Jacobs noted that involving Boeing's technology and management could transform the ambitious project into a viable system Elliot Pulham from Boeing’s Defence and Space Group confirmed ongoing collaboration to refine the project's system.
Many Americans are increasingly opting for the convenience of shopping from home, whether through phone orders or mail Home shopping has become a significant industry, with 24-hour TV channels promoting a wide array of products that can be easily ordered via toll-free numbers using credit cards This hassle-free shopping experience allows customers to receive items directly at their doorstep Mail-order catalogs simplify the process of purchasing gifts, offering everything from apples to appliances and books to camping gear Last year alone, over five billion catalogs were distributed, resulting in more than forty billion dollars in sales Projections indicate that by the year 2000, over one-third of all merchandise sold in the U.S will be purchased through mail orders.
Cịáe t lt it u j Ịừu_ t ậ p c h ữ a l ồ i i u i íiè n t ị c J tn h
The responsibility for environmental degradation largely rests on individuals, as our purchasing choices signal to businesses that their harmful practices are acceptable While industries have undeniably contributed to habitat destruction, pollution, and resource depletion, we must recognize that even non-industrialized, subsistence economies are causing significant environmental damage Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker highlights in his book "Earth Politics" that approximately 90% of species extinction, soil erosion, and deforestation occurs in developing countries, underscoring the widespread impact of human activity on the environment.
The Earth does not require saving; it has endured catastrophic changes for millions of years, with 99% of all species having come and gone while the planet remains The focus on saving the environment should be about preserving our own habitat for future generations If more individuals recognized that this issue is fundamentally about safeguarding our own existence, we would likely witness greater motivation and commitment to environmental protection.
The myth that Americans are excessive consumers stems from the rising per capita solid waste generation, which averages about 4.4 pounds per person daily However, this increase is largely attributed to household dynamics rather than individual consumption habits As new households form, such as in cases of divorce where one home becomes two, the amount of waste generated also rises due to fixed activities and purchases associated with maintaining separate residences This shift illustrates that solid waste generation is more a function of household structure than individual overconsumption.
Thomas Jefferson rejected the Georgian architecture of early American buildings, seeing it as a reminder of monarchical oppression and the violent history of the War of Independence Instead, he envisioned a more timeless architectural style rooted in Renaissance influences, which themselves drew from ancient Roman designs What set Jefferson's buildings apart as distinctly American was their harmonious integration into the surrounding landscape His cherished home, Monticello, was strategically positioned on a hilltop, allowing its expansive wings to blend seamlessly with the terrain while offering breathtaking views of the Blue Ridge Mountains to the west and cultivated lowlands to the east.
There is no such thing as a completely safe drug; every medication possesses both beneficial and harmful effects Effective medical treatment requires a careful balance between these effects, ideally favoring the positive Unfortunately, adverse reactions to treatments often overshadow the original illness, leading to the saying, "the cure is worse than the disease." In our pill-popping society, overprescription is rampant, with Americans spending approximately $11 billion annually on prescribed medications, alongside an additional $2.6 billion on over-the-counter drugs A study conducted in twenty-four Boston hospitals highlights the concerning trend of overmedication.
75 million Americans consume a drug at least one a week and usually everyday Is it any wonder that drugs are killing us faster than automobile accidents or certain major diseases?
@ ne d t it if j h ù i fitfi e lt ĩiíí í ô i s u i t i ê n g c ắ iiỉt
The banjo is a uniquely American artifact, despite its African roots Unlike the early instruments brought by Africans to southern plantations, the modern banjo has evolved significantly In the 19th century, it became a staple in minstrel shows, leading to various modifications, including the addition of machined pegs for precise tuning, frets for improved intonation, and vellum heads for better tension The number of strings on the banjo also changed over time, with early models having four strings and later versions featuring up to nine The five-string banjo emerged in the late 1800s, characterized by a small unfretted drone string played with the thumb, which became popularized by country singer Earl Scruggs and is integral to the American bluegrass music genre.
The rugged Catskill Mountains in New York State, located just 90 miles northwest of New York City, are renowned for their association with the tale of Rip Van Winkle and the summer hotels that flourished in the mid-20th century During the 1940s to 1960s, families sought refuge from the city's heat, with over 500 resorts and hotels offering entertainment and outdoor activities by the late 1950s This vibrant scene launched the careers of famous comedians like Jackie Gleason, Joan Rivers, and Sid Caesar However, the advent of air-conditioning and affordable air travel led to a decline in visitors, as families opted for more distant vacation spots While many Catskill hotels closed in the 1970s, some have adapted and expanded their facilities to cater to modern travelers.
Recent technological advancements have transformed the pursuit of treasure from shipwrecks into a legitimate endeavor, sparking a debate between salvage enthusiasts and preservation advocates The allure of discovering gold coins and other valuable artifacts drives treasure hunters, exemplified by a team that explored the RMS Republic wreck, which sank in Boston Harbor in 1900 Utilizing side-scan sonar, they located the wreck within just two and a half days, a process that previously took months or even years Over two months, a team of 45 divers recovered silver tea services, crystal dinnerware, and thousands of wine bottles, but they ultimately did not find the sought-after five and a half tons of American Gold Eagle coins.
Tìm lỗi sai và sửa trong các câu điều kiện sau
1 If you come with me, I would do the shopping with you.
2 Walter will help his mother in the garden if she read him a story this evening.
3 If it rain, I will stay at home.
4 Our teacher had been happy if we learn the poem by heart.
5 If they have enough money, they would buy a new car.
6 We would pass the exam if we study harder.
7 If Pat repaired his bike, he will go on a bicycle tour with us.
8 She will get 100 pounds if she sold this old shelf.
9 If I was you, I would invite Jack to the party.
10 If the weather was fine, the children can walk to school.
11 If it rains, I wore a raincoat.
12 If Rose were older, she can go to the party.
13 If we had taken enough water, we wouldn't had been thirsty.
14 Harry could fly to Helsinki if he have more money.
15 If Mark does the washing up, his mother would have more time for him.
16 What will you do if you saw a burglar?
17 We might have have a glass of hot chocolate if you had bought some milk.
18 If I were you I should kept the secret.
19 Ron would understand more if the teacher speaks clearly.
20 If Doris has got up earlier, she wouldn't have been late for school.
21 You will be sent to prison if you did that.
22 Would she go if she is invited?
23 Who would have won the World War II if the nuclear bomb was produced by the Nazis firm?
24 This joke would not be funny if it is translated into French.
25 This country could be richer if it had not been badly governed.
26 They will have cut off the electricity if the bills had not been paid.
27 The window would not been broken if the children had not been playing football in the garden.
28 The room will not be repainted if it was not empty.
29 The magazine would be read by more people if it had been better articles.
30 The cars would not have been bought if we did not do such a huge advertising campaign.
31 The car will be repaired if somebody would take it there.
32 Leonardo could build his flying machine if he had been bom 400 years later.
33 It would have been forgotten if nobody reminded them.
34 It would be forgotten if nobody had reminded them.
35 If I was a better conversationalist, will I be invited to parties more often?
3 6 1 would study Italian if it is taught here.
3 7 1 would not have walked home if my bicycle have not been stolen.
38 He would have been given the death penalty if he was found guilty.
39 He would be given die death penalty if he will be found guilty.
40 A doctor will be called for if somebody will fall ill.
Xem những câu giả định sau câu nào đúng, câu nào sai
1 It's important that she remembers to take her medicine twice a day.
2 I suggest that Frank read the directions carefully before assembling the bicycle He doesn't want the wheels to fall off while he is riding down a hill.
3 Mrs Finkelstein demanded that the heater repair immediately Her apartment was freezing.
4 It's vital that the United States focus on improving its public education system What we do now will affect our country for generations to come.
5 The monk insisted that the tourists enter the temple until they had removed their shoes.
6 I am not going to sit here and let her insult me I demand that she immediately apologizes for what she just said.
7 Judy asked that we attend her graduation ceremony next week.
8 Was it really necessary that I sit there watching you the entire time you were rehearsing for the play? It was really boring watching you repeat the scenes over and over again.
9 It is important to remember that Janine think very differently from you She may not agree to the changes you have made in the organization of the company.
10 It's a little difficult to find the restaurant I propose that we all drive together so that nobody gets lost along the way.
11 The woman insisted that the lost child takes to store's information desk so his parents could be paged.
12 The nutritionist recommended that Sally reduces her daily fat intake.
13 The environmental leader felt it was extremely important that the people of the city allow to voice their concerns over the new hotel being built on the bay.
14 She told me that the government regulate the airline industry I don't know if that is true.
15 The sign at the pool recommended that you swim after eating a large meal.
16 It is necessary that a life guard monitor the swimming pool while the children are taking their swimming lessons.
17 The sun is scorching today I suggest you put on sunblock immediately before you get a sun bum.
18 John insists that Sarah invites to the wedding; otherwise he will not attend.
19.1 think it's an interesting fact that she come from Estonia.
20 It is imperative that the world work towards a solution to global warming before the weather patterns of the world are disrrupted iưeparably.
21 It is essential that she is at the meeting.
22 If I was you I would call her tonight.
23 It is necessary that every student wears a uniform.
24.1 hope that he finish his homework on time.
25 The doctors recommended that she take a vacation.
26 The boss asks that you are early for your first day of work.
27 If you are feeling better we would go.
28 It is important that we call home as soon as we arrive.
29 The landlord requested that John moved out of the apartment.
30 We want the windows be washed before Friday.
31 If I were you, I would talk to the manager.
32 If I had been a rich man!
33 If I have more time, I would show you my office.
34 If she was my girlfriend, I would buy her roses every day.
36 Do you surf? - No but I wish I could.
37 I'd rather you come another time.
38 Horatio would rather people knew about his test monkeys.
39 It's about time Bill was retired.
40 It's high time that you and I had a chat about it.
Tìm lỗi sai trong các câu bị động sau
1 The food were not eaten.
2 This airplane is driven with a robot.
3 All the wine have been drunk.
4 A house can been drawn easily.
5 His homework is never did.
(^/íí’ titu ttj h à i t â p etn T a Ị t ìỉ > tit t i f i n j < J tth
6 A big hole were being dug in the garden.
7 This problem is not being dealed with.
8 The tall trees in our street is being cut down.
9 This one have been chosen.
10 The bank robbers have been catched by the police.
11 All the ingredients has been bought.
12 Their house was being rebuild.
13 This program being broadcast all over the world.
14 The window has been broke.
15 Our tent was blowed away by the wind.
16 She was bitten from a dog yesterday.
17 He was beeten up last week.
18 This house is being repaint.
19 German is not teached at this school.
20 This play was written buy Shakespeare.
21 The picture is beeing lent to a famous museum.
22 The stolen car were left in the ditch.
23 John and Ann was not misled.
24 It had not been knew for years.
25 The thing could not been kept secret.
26 Peter and Tom was hurt in an accident yesterday.
27 South Florida and Hawaii has been hit by a huưicane.
28 The treasure must has been hidden.
29 Everything that had is overheard remained a secret.
30 The money have not been given to me.
31 I have not be given the money.
32 All bottles was frozen before transportation.
33 What he has done to me cannot be forgave.
34 Everything is going be forgotten.
36 The best way will been found.
37 The battles for liberation had been fighted before the liberation o f the Iron Curtain.
38 The mosquito bite could not been felt.
39 It are said that learning English is easy.
40 Our horses is well fed.
Trong những câu sau câu nào là câu đảo ngữ đúng, câu nào sai
1 Hardly had I began to apologize when the door closed.
2 Seldom have I heard such a talented singer.
3 Had known John that she liked cuưy, he would have brought her to an Indian restaurant.
4 Rarely the artist paid attention to his agent's advice.
5 Never had he felt so depressed.
6 In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers' lost property.
7 No sooner the couple had’arrived than the priest started the ceremony.
8 Only when he saw his wife's face did Tom realized the meaning of the comment.
9 Never at any time had she said (that) she was allergic to cats.
10 Under no circumstances can the restaurant accept animals.
11 In no circumstances would I accept this!
12 Nowhere else will you find such nice people.
13 Only in the USA have I saw such high buildings.
14 Never in the field o f human conflict has so much been owed by so many to so few.
15 Not only is he handsome but he is also rich.
16 No sooner had I thrown him out he tried to come in again.
17 Rarely will you see him in a pub.
18 Only with the help o f everybody we can hope to find her
19 Never in my life will I talk to her again!
20 On no account must you repeated this!
21 In no other way the matter could be explained.
22 Hardly did we had started when it began to rain.
23 Seldom have I heard such beautiful singing.
24 Never shall I forget your kindness.
25 Only then did I saw the danger we were in.
26 No sooner had we left the house than it exploded.
27 Not till he got home he did realize that he had lost the key.
28 Not only did they rob you, they smashed everything.
29 Down fell half a dozen apples.
30 Should an emergency arose, dial 999.
31 Was Rex a little more hardworking, he would not have failed.
32 Had Mr Chan be kinder to his employees, his business would not have collapsed.
33 Never have I seen such a beautiful flower show.
34 Little do he realize how important the matter is.
35 Only then did he realize the danger of the situation.
36 So sudden was the attack (that) they had no time to escape.
37 Such was his strength that could he bend iron rods.
38 Not only do they rob her, they smash everything too.
39 Not only do I enjoyed classical music, but I also have a season ticket to the symphony.
40 Seldom has he seen anything stranger.
IX- Hãy xem trong các câu sau, giới từ nào sử dụng đúng, giói từ nào s a i.
4 He went to his friend's house.
5 She aưived in Manchester for the celebrations.
6 I'm going to stay home this weekend.
7 Joanna works in the hospital.
8 Why don't we go to the movies tonight?
9 I'm going to see Hania in France this summer.
10.1 arrived work early this morning.
11 She came to home early.
12 We stayed in the Daewoo Hotel.
13 They visited in England last summer.
14 She's going to travel in Finland this summer.
15 I'll be on school later today.
16 He's been working in three weeks.
17.1 fell asleep in the film.
18 Did you see Donata during your holiday?
19 We talked in an hour.
20 He watched TV while I cooked.
21 While our stay in London, we visited a lot of museums.
22 What did you do while you were in London?
2 3 1 think I need to study Polish in a few months before I go there.
2 4 1 came up with a great idea during I was thinking about my class.
25 They drove through the countryside while they were staying in France.
26 He was out of work on six months before he found a new job.
125 ê ó í tì It Ị Ị tf h ù i t ù p e/ttĩa / S i t u i tii'n tj < fu ll
2 7 1 broke my finger during I was playing squash.
28 Please, don't interrupt the teacher while he is speaking.
29 Magda broke into tears during the film.
30 Could you hold on in a few moments?
31 Let's meet at seven o'clock.
32 He was bom at July.
34 She'll be at work in Thursday.
35 We met at Christmas day.
36 They drove to Barlinek in September 15th.
37 We arrived in this country in September.
3 8 1 love to go shopping in Christmas time.
39 We get up early at the morning.
40 Do you dream at night?
41 What do you like doing in weekends?
42 He's working on his homework at the moment.
4 3 1 lived in Holland on the 1990s.
44 I'll see you for a few weeks.
45 We like going to the cinema on Fridays.
46 She wasn't short, she wasn't tall; she was at average height.
47 What are you going to buy Hania on her birthday?
48 The police are looking at a tall, black man who was seen standing outside the bank just before the robbery took place.
49 The teacher asked the class to do the exercise on the bottom o f page 12.
50 As a child I was always ashamed at my parents because they were uneducated.
51.1 was always very good at Geography when I was at school.
52 My uncle specializes on sociolinguistics.
53 We arrived at the airport at 3.30 in the morning.
54.1 didn't see you in the party on Saturday.
55 There was a lot of coughing while the performance o f Moniusko's 'Fairy Tale' symphony.
56 He saw her as the most attractive woman in the world.
57 Simon is completely useless on sports.
X- Tìm lỗi sai ở các từ, cụm từ gạch chân, (tnỗỉ câu có một lỗi sai)
1 Hardly do a day pass without my writing to Lan.
2 The best seats in the theater will be reserved for inviting guests.
3 As soon as the next lecture will end, let’s leave.
4 That building, its architect is very famous, has becpme a national
5 Although her leg was broke, she managed to get out o f the train herself.
6 He decided to order a lamb for lunch because he was very hungry.
7 Most children and adults go to the cinema, that is a very attractive place.
8 Tuan had so interesting and creative plans that everyone wanted
9 Hai was too selfish for helping anyone though he was very rich.
10 Tom did so well in his speech today that he should have rehearsed
A B it many times this past week.
11 This is such a good tea that I think r u have another cup.
12 Our Spanish professor would like us spending more time in
A B c the laboratory practising our pronunciation lO
13 There comes my bus! I must go now Don't forget giving me a call.
14 Max would rather to be fishing from this boat in the lake than sitting
A B C D at his desk in the office.
15.1 have a lot of work to do I wish I have more time.
16 The teacher tried to make the classes enjoyable experiences for die students
A so they would take a greater interest in the subject.
17 The students had thought that the English test was very difficulty.
18 Anybody who plans to attend the class ought send their date for birth
D ê í í é tilt ft tj h ù i t a p eJtua l ồ i s a i tie n tj c4tth
19 As soon as he will come back from his office, tell him to see me.
20 Hal's new sports car cost much more than his friend Joe.
21 Our main factory can be found in Nguyen Du street in Hồ Chí Minh city.
22 Bess is used to fly after having crossed the continent many times
23 Because there are less members present tonight than there were last
A B c night, we must wait until the next meeting to vote.
24 We had better to review this chapter carefully because we will have
A B some questions on it on our test tomoưow. c D
25 Tom is particularly fond of cooking, and he often cooks really delicious
26 The little boy's mother bought him a five-speeds racing bicycle for his
27 The progress made in space travel for the early 1960s is remarkable.
(&áe tlitn tj h ù i t â p c h u a iồ i s a i t ì ê t t i Ị cAith
28 Despite the time o f the year, yesterday's temperature was enough hot
A B C to turn on the air conditioning.
29 She has not rarely missed a play or concert since she was 18 years old.
30 Danny spent such enjoyable vacation in Europe this summer
A that he plans to return as soon as he saves enough money.
31 They have not decided how to deal with the new problems already.
32 Mary usually arrives at the office at nine o'clock, but because the storm,
A B c she was two hours late.
33 There was a very interesting news on the radio this evening about
34 She refused to tell us why was she crying.
35 The teacher had already given the homework when he had remembered
36 Folk artists have few or no formal art training.
37 Having been beaten by the police for sưiking an officer, the man will cry
38 The film was so bored that all the audience had gone home before it ended.
39 This man is not strong enough to lift it and that one isn't neither.
40 Many people have complain about the dirt from the factory.
41 Noise is a psychological term referring toward unpleasant, unwanted.
42 Many tourists comes to this city every year.
43 Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that have always had
44 Every where we went, we saw groups of Japan tourists.
45 Criminal contempt, committed in the presence of the court, may consist
A B c of disorderly behavior, disrespectful, or disobedience of a judge's orders.
4 6 1 met a friend of me at the fun fair last night.
131 d á t d a titj lù ii it ĩp e ỉiử a l ồ i s a i tiẻ'*iij c/tnh
47 The Cubist movement in art was a reaction against traditional methods
48 As I entered the house I heard some opened an upstairs door.
49 During the 1600s skilled shoemakers scarce were in what is now the
50 The success applicants were told to report for work the next day.
51 To turn on the light, I was surprised at what I saw.
52 We didn’t meet each other since we left school more than ten years ago.
5 3 1 would rather live on a farm than to live in a city.
54 Krishna telephoned to asked me what things should he brine for the campfire.
55 The school library is_free and open for all the pupils and teaching staff.
56 From my opinion, even the reading o f comics is to be en encouraged.
57 The pain-killing agent most commonly administered in dentistry
A B is the local anesthetic, who produces loss of feeling only in a specific area. c D
58 “I have never seen so a lovely and life-like statue,” said Sham excitedly.
59 Certain types o f computers work properly only in environments with
60 The boys walked more farther into the forest, where the trees grew
A B c more thickly than in others parts.
61 Some art historians have saỵ that too many artists have tried only
A B to imitate previous painting styles. c D
62 “Of course everybody want money, but the wav you go about getting
A B C D it is what matters.” replied the policeman.
63 Inventor Granville Woods received him first patent on January 3, 1984,
64 Except for he, the rest o f the the boys are very good in their studies.
65 Throughout history, shoes have been worn not only for protection and
66 “As far as I know, he use to live in Perak until he got himself a job in
67 Worker bees labor for the good of the hive by collecting food, caring for
A B c the young, and to expand the nest.
68 A maljit asked to be excuse from the meeting as he had a swollen ankle
A B and had to see the doctor. c D
69 Pathologists use their knowing of body tissues and body fluids to aid
7 0 1 was quite surprised to find that your science labortory has such
71 Objects falling freely n a vacuum have the same rate o f speed is regardless
A B c o f differences in size and weight.
72 When asked whether he could have left his bag at the station, he replied,
73 The construction o f sundials was considered to be an acceptable part
A B c of a student's educator as late as the seventeenth century.
74 When the sun came over the horizon the children came out of the little
A B hut, for now they felt save once more. c D
75 Historians have never reached some general agreement about the precise
A B c causes of the Civil War in the United States.
76 When he first went to overseas he faced many problems because he
77 Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos from largest
78 Even though Malik is the eldest in his family, but his parents are handing
A B c D the business over to his younger brother.
79 A neutron star forms when a star much more massive than the Sun dies
80 The euest speaker did not really know his subject and we felt so boring
A B c because he was reading ail the time.
81 Violations of the child's right to protection take place in every country and
82 “Why does Borhan always goes back on Saturdays?” asked the Captain
83 Although most smokers know that smoking is bad for their health, but only
A B C D few o f them want to stop smoking.
84 Although he is the youngest among the brothers, he is tallest than any o f them.
85 John stopped writing his letter because he had to leave to the hospital.
86 My grandmother always said that to be success one had to work hard
A B c and make the best of opportunity.
87 Reading is an important skill that benefits children in many wav.
A B c and can turn into an extremely rewarding hobby later in life.
88 “If anything else you want me to buy for you from Haadyai,
A B please let me know.” said Kamala just as she was leaving, c D
89 Reading can be a way to escape from a bad day, a way to self- entertain.
A B c and a tool which students can use to succeed for many other subjects
90 “When did you last had a haircut?” shouted the discipline master at Hamid.
91 One of the best wavs to encourage your children to read are to provide
A B c interesting title for them to enjoy.
92 We are constantly reminded that too much sugar are bad for our health
A B c and yet many people do not care.
93 Every body likes reading more better than usual when they like the subject.
94.1 know a boy who is extremely good in immitiating the voices of other
95 Despite my many hours of practice, I can't hardly beat Jimmy in chess.
96 We come home late sometimes but we have a key with us.
97 You'd better to think carefully before making your final decision.
98 After the doctor had applied some medicine to the wound, it felt
99 They haven't had such a good time together since they get married.
137 ê ớ í ' tliu tfj h à ỉ t á p c ltữ a l ò i i u i tiên tỊ cfo th
100 He called the children together and gave each of him a lollipop.
101 What would happen because I pressed that red button?
102 She had left the office when she saw how angry he was.
103 The doctdf strongly advised her take a few days’ rest.
104 She has disappeared three days ago, and they are still looking for
105 Mary has so many things do that she has no tune to go out.
106 We were surprising by the results of the test.
107 She spent many money on clothes at the supermarket yesterday.
108.1 don’t think I can get the job because there are many applicant for it
109 When he was a little boy, he is used to go swimming in the river
110 In the future, human workers might be replace by robots in dangerous
A B C D areas such as nuclear power plants or coal mines.
111 Our trip to Swiss Alps had to be put out twice because of bad weather.
112 There is a ugly toad in the flower pot Please throw it away.
113 I'm very worried as neither of mv brothers have returned from the picnic.
114 Mindy was do her homework when the kitchen caught fire.
115 Let her lav on the couch for a while She looks quite ill.
116 The driver made a dangerously mistake which cost many lives.
117 I'm not going to friend you anymore You are too insincere.
118 My mother likes to eat good foods She does not believe in pills.
119 Did you see your picture? It was in yesterday newspaper.
120 Though mv grandfather is old, she is very healthy and alert.
121 Today’s farmers have increased milk production greatly through improved
A B c methods of breeding, feeding, and manage dairy cattle.
122 Hypoglycemia is a condition in which a rapidly drop in blood sugar
A B most often results from anoversecretion of insulin from the pancreas. c D
&áe iltiiitỊ h à i t ậ p e h ữ u Ị ễ i 3u i f if ili j cH nh
123 Newborn infants show a distinct preference for human voices over
A B other sounds and also prefer her own mothers’ voices to the voices c D o f stranger.
124 The Chippewa and Santee Sioux of the Upper Mississippi River regional
A have used catlinite to produce carvings for almost 150 years.
125 Absolutely nothing that floats, neither a cocked bottle nor a 50,000-ton
A B ships can escape the effects of water currents. c D
126 The Wright Brothers were owner of a bicycle shop, and they used a number
A B o f bicycle parts to make the original motorized airplane. c D
127 Gemstones are usually bright, colour, opaque or transparent minerals found
A B C D in the rocks o f the Earth.
128 The modem detective story, in which a detective solves a crime by
A discovering and interpretation evidence is considered to have originated
B c D with Edgar Allan Poe’s “The murders in the Rue Morgue” in 1841. 129.The superintendent of women nurse for the Union Army during the
Civil war was Dorothea Dix.
130 Slow growth in the early 1900’s, linked with rising unemployment, less
A B spend, and meager business investments, led many experts to declare a c D recession.
131 Orchestrating musical works requires a understanding o f the range and
132 The Canadian province of British Columbia is rich o f minerals and,
A because over 50 percent o f the land is covered with forests, lumbering
133 Each major styles o f architecture emerged because new problems in
A B building or challenges in design appeared for architects to resolve. c D
134 Much o f the significant research related for the theory o f numbers
A B c concerns the distribution of prime numbers.
135 Lauren Bacall máde her film debut in To Have and Have Not, starring
A B together Humphrey Bogart, who later became her husband. c D
136 The black leopard is very dark that its spots are difficult to see.
137 On steep hillsides, ữee roots bind to soil that might otherwise be washed
138 Carson McCullers was only 23 when she published for her first novel,
The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter, for what she received much acclaim. c D
139 Through the process of imprinting, die young of a species rapidly learn to
A B c recognize and follow other members o f own species.
140 The invention o f fresh metaphors today continues to make it possible
A B c the vivid expression of emotions.
141 Proteins are made up of long, folded irregularly chains, the links of
142 Although most species of small birds gather in groups at feeders provided by bird-watchers, the bright red cardinals usually appears
A B c alone or with its mate.
143 The astronomy is the oldest science, but it continues to be at the forefront
144 Henry David Thoreau was an American writer who is remembered for
A B his faith in religious significance of the nature. c D
145 Gold or silver bullion serve into commerce as mediums of exchange all
146 What is the higher mountain in the world?
147.1 wish my mother gives me presents more often.
148 The teacher was pleasing with the result of your examination.
149 The little boy didn't know how lacing his shoes.
150 You are quite so thin that you can slip between the bars.
XI- Mỗi câu có một lỗi sai, tìm và sửa chúng:
1 He was such an intelligent student that he could pass the final exam easy.
2 Would you mind to close the door for me?
3 It was very kind of him helping me with the housework.
4 Because their financial problems; they couldn’t send their children to better school.
5 He still went swimming despite of the heavy rain.
6 He learnt to play the guitar since he was a small boy.
7 His father said if he is free at weekends, he would go fishing with me.
8 The friend to who I want to introduce you is away this weekend.
9 Mary told to her friends what she would never walk alone in the forest after dark
10 She refused to tell us why was she absent yesterday.
11.1 don’t have many money as the other students.
12 It was nice o f him to let me to boưovv money.
13 A number of large insurance companies have its headquarter in
14 There are thousand o f different types o f roses.
15 Most o f us does not realize how much the car has influenced our lifestyles.
16 They did not meet each other since they left school more than five years ago.
17 The Sun is so bright to look at directly.
18 A person must be at least thirty years age in order to serve as a senator.
19 The most small vessel in the circulatory system are capillaries.
20 The most important period o f physical growth in human occurred during their first two years.
21 The first bicycle race on record in the United States taken place in 1883.
22 How long are you a member of the tennis club?
23 As a young man, George Washington liked boating, to hunt, and fishing.
24 Computers are often used to control, adjust and correct complex industrial operation.
25 Modem motorcycles are lighter, faster and specialized than motorcycles of twenty-five-years ago.
26 The Sahara desert in Africa is by far the most large desert in the world, covering an area nearly as big as the United States.
27 Pork provides people with important nutrients which they need them.
28 Many people has complained about the polluted river.
29 If Kennedy would have lived a little longer, he would have won the election.
30 Neil Armstrong was the first person set food on the moon.
31 He slept soundly in his bed when the bomb went off.
32 My parents don’t allow me staying out after 10 p.m.
33 The secretary has done many mistakes in typing the letter for her boss.
34 The new hotel they are building is twice larger than the one on the main street.
35 He practices English every day in order to he can speak to foreigners.
36 Do you think taking care o f children are a heavy duty?
37 It was so a hot day that we wanted to stay at home.
38 He must retyping the report before she hands it to the manager.
39 Does her hair need to be cutting?
40 A large number o f the students in this school speaks English fluently.
41 The streets were crowded in people during the festival.
42 The girl who father is a famous lecture is my close friend.
43 After having wrote the letter, she went to the post office.
44 He is one of the best student in our school.
45 There were terrible news about the storm on television last night.
4 6 1 am going to have my car repair next month.
47 The United Nations play an important role in preserving the world peace.
48 If you work hard, you would be successful in anything that you do.
49 There are some interesting foreign students stay in with our family.
('iic tỉtnuỊ h ù i tậ p ehãa tồ i l a i l if t t f f ifa th
50 Jack London, that was a famous American writer, wrote many great novels.
51 Those French teachers are the most interested teachers we have ever known and talked to.
52 Lot of students want to study but they do not have enough money.
5 3 1 would like to recommend this book to anyone who like animals.
54 A lot of football fans is gathering in front o f the stadium.
55 What are the differences between women in old times with women in modem times?
56 She often spends a lot of money on shopping at weekends.
57 Connecticut together with the other New England states are dotted with many little lakes.
58 Do you think that poor teenagers have a lot problems?
59 As everyone knows that he is really a good football player.
60 She always wishes she knew using a personal computer.
61 He said that he had been knowing her for three years.
6 2 1 don't know where was our English teacher bom
63 We appreciate to have had the opportunity to work for the voluntary organization.
64 Betty is one o f the women who is responsible for organizing the outin.
65 Having finished the assignment in time, it was sent to the supervisor.
66 Not only the athlete but also his wife are going to the party tonight.
67 She talked about Egypt as if she has been there.
6 8 1 passed my exam last summer, but my friend has just failed her
69 She is believing everything her son told her.
70 The more I got to know them, the fewer I liked them.
71 Philosophy, the inquiry into the nature of human knowledge it is still a very popular subject among university students.
72 When an university formulates new regulations, it must relay its decision to the students and faculty.
73.1 am angry because you didn't tell me the truth, I don't like having deceived.
74 Water that has had the minerals removed called "soft" water.
75 My sister told me that her boyfriend wasn't liking football matches on TV.
76 These televisions are all too expensive for we to buy at this time.
77 After she had bought himself a new car, she sold her bicycle.
78 Jackie, who isn't speaking French, wants to study it at the Adult Center.
79 The idea o f to study abroad is attractive to many students.
80 After having dinner in that restaurant last night, I felt badly and my wife had to take me to the hospital.
81 Robert spent three sleepless nights to try to solve the problem
82 John's get a pay rise will make him happy.
83 Most presidential candidates have their names print on the ballot in the New Hampshire primary election.
84 In present-day buiness entrepreneurs are taken fewer risks than their predecessors a century ago.
85 The brothers Grimm intended their fairy tales to be studied by scholars of German literature and not to enjoy as simple stories by children.
86 The American frontierman, politician, and soldier Davy Crockett is one of the most popular of American hero.
87 Three months after they have been laid, crocodile eggs are ready hatched.
88 A dolphin locates underwater objects in its path by doing a series of clicking and whistling sounds.
89 A desert area that has been without water for 6 years will still bloom when rain will come.
90 While both are members of the citrus family, the lemon is different from the grapefruit in that it is smaller and bitter.
91 The term "ground" refers to an electrical conductor that completes an electrical circuit by connection to earth.
(jf'if t U u n j b à i ỉ ộ p c h Cut /tfi t a t f it i t i j t 'Ịỉt/t
92 As to a scientist and chemist, George Washington Carver discovered over 450 uses for the peanut and other agricultural products.
93 Consisting almost entirely o f organic material, coal results from the compaction of decayed plants over million o f years.
94 Little they knew in 1962, when the first TV broadcast began, that it would have such an impact on people's everyday life.
95 She has found that nobody can help her if she did not try her best to do it herself.
9 6 1 have considered asking him raising my salary, but I do not think he can afford to do it.
97 Rice, which it still forms the staple diet o f much o f the world's population, grows best in hot, wet lands.
98 Those who have never been abroad is eager to see how different the other cultures are.
99 Helen as well as her friends have never been out of town since they were five years old.
100 It is considered impolite to ask how much does a person earn in his job. 101.1 was sorry to hear o f his mother death.
102 How many child do you have?
103.1 will finish read the newspaper in a few minutes.
104 His car does not seem to be bad damaged.
105.1 usually eat lunch on noon.
106 My mother bought a new pair of glove last week.
107 Why don't you borrow books in the local lending library?
108 He had to admit that there were something in what mother kept saying.
109 The students suggested buying flowers for the teachers in the Teachers' Day.
110 No one have solved such a difficult problem.
111 Unless you work harder, you will be sack because o f your laziness.
112 If you write the essay careful, you will get good mark.
113 Ordinary Americans are friendly and not afraid to show its feelings.
114 The girl who were injured in the accident is now in hospital.
115 Thank you very much of the present that you sent me.
116 There wasn't some directory in the telephone box from which I was phoning.
117 The man who I was waiting for didn't turn up.
118 Women wear make-up to beautiful themselves.
119 Mai and Lan have a row because they have misunderstood one another.
120 The workers are building a new bridge which is 150 meters in high.
121 She is the most beautiful woman who I have ever met.
122 It's no use asking them keep quiet.
123 This text is too long for me to read it.
124.1 can't get used to doing so difficult exercises.
125 My father doesn't know speak English.
126 She behaves as if she was a baby.
127 You wanted me to tell you about what I was doing here and how was my life.
128 The course is good, but more hard than I thought.
129 Sleeping all day, to eat too much and never going out is unhealthy.
130 When he arrived at the hotel yesterday, he was signing the guest book.
XII- Tìm các lỗi sai trong các đoạn văn sau và sửa chúng.
Technological advancements occur almost weekly, showcasing progress that would have seemed unimaginable 50 years ago In the last two decades, computers have transformed our lives, and this rapid pace of change is expected to accelerate in the coming years The next 25 years may bring as many innovations as those seen in the past 150 years, significantly impacting the future of work.
By 2010, advancements in technology are set to transform communication, rendering traditional postal systems nearly obsolete Messages that once required postal delivery will be transmitted instantly over telephone lines, leading to a significant decline in the need for postmen, clerks, and secretaries in a paper-free society Routine tasks will be automated through small silicon chips, making these roles as outdated as horse-drawn carriages after the advent of the motor vehicle This shift is poised to render thousands, if not millions, of jobs redundant.
Wall Street, located in lower Manhattan, New York City, is synonymous with the financial industry and serves as the hub for major financial institutions in the United States The activities and fluctuations on Wall Street have a significant impact on the global economy, influencing the lives of millions around the world Understanding the dynamics of Wall Street is essential, as its events can affect everything from stock prices to employment rates, ultimately shaping the financial landscape for individuals and businesses alike.
Wall Street is often regarded as the finance capital of the world, with decisions and activities conducted there significantly influencing the U.S economy and impacting the lives of Americans The name "Wall Street" originates from Peter Stuyvesant, who, in 1652, ordered the construction of a wall to protect the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam from English attacks Following the Revolutionary War, it became the hub for government officials from New York City, the State of New York, and the United States Notably, President George Washington was inaugurated there in 1789, and the first U.S Congress convened in the same location.
Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, has proposed a $9 billion vision for global communications through a project called Teledesic, which aims to launch a constellation of 840 satellites to provide fiber-optic quality communications to 99% of the world Although Boeing has expressed interest in the project, they have yet to officially commit Analysts believe that leveraging Boeing's technology and management could transform this ambitious idea into a viable system Boeing's Defence and Space Group has been collaborating with Gates and his team to refine the project’s framework.
Many Americans are increasingly turning to home shopping as a time-saving solution, utilizing phone and mail orders This booming industry is supported by 24-hour television channels that promote a wide range of products, which can be conveniently ordered via toll-free numbers using credit cards The ease of purchasing from mail-order catalogs allows consumers to buy everything from food to electronics, with over five billion catalogs sent out last year alone This trend is projected to continue, with expectations that by the year 2000, more than one-third of all merchandise sold in the U.S will be purchased through mail orders.
Cịáe t lt it u j Ịừu_ t ậ p c h ữ a l ồ i i u i íiè n t ị c J tn h
The responsibility for environmental degradation lies primarily with people, as our purchasing choices signal to businesses that their practices are acceptable While industries contribute significantly to habitat destruction, pollution, and resource depletion, we cannot solely blame them In "Earth Politics," Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker highlights that approximately 90% of species extinction, soil erosion, and deforestation occurs in developing countries, indicating that even non-industrialized, subsistence economies are causing substantial environmental harm.
The Earth is resilient and has endured significant changes for millions of years, with 99% of species having come and gone The concept of saving the environment is fundamentally about preserving our own habitat for ourselves and future generations If more individuals recognized that this effort is ultimately about safeguarding their own well-being, we would likely witness greater motivation and commitment to environmental conservation.
The myth that Americans are excessive consumers is often supported by the rising per capita solid waste generation, which averages about 4.4 pounds per person daily However, this increase in waste is primarily driven by household dynamics rather than individual consumption patterns As new households are established, such as in cases of divorce where one home becomes two, the overall waste generated increases due to fixed activities and purchases associated with maintaining separate residences This highlights that the growth in solid waste is more about the number of households than individual consumption habits.
Thomas Jefferson rejected the Georgian architecture of early American buildings, viewing it as a reminder of monarchical tyranny and the violence of the War of Independence Instead, he sought a more timeless architectural style, initially drawing inspiration from Renaissance designs rooted in ancient Roman architecture What distinguished Jefferson's buildings as distinctly American was their harmonious integration into the surrounding landscape His cherished home, Monticello, was strategically built on a hilltop, allowing its expansive wings to complement the breathtaking views of the Blue Ridge Mountains, while offering vistas of the cultivated lowlands to the east and the rugged wilderness to the west.
There is no such thing as a completely safe drug; every medication has both beneficial and harmful effects Successful medical treatment requires a careful balance between these effects, ideally favoring the positive Unfortunately, reactions to treatment can sometimes pose greater risks than the original condition itself, leading to the adage "the cure is worse than the disease." Our society's tendency to overprescribe medications contributes to this issue, with Americans spending approximately $11 billion annually on prescription drugs, in addition to $2.6 billion on over-the-counter medications A study conducted in twenty-four Boston hospitals highlights the extent of our overmedication problem.
75 million Americans consume a drug at least one a week and usually everyday Is it any wonder that drugs are killing us faster than automobile accidents or certain major diseases?
@ ne d t it if j h ù i fitfi e lt ĩiíí í ô i s u i t i ê n g c ắ iiỉt
The modern banjo is a unique American artifact, despite its African ancestry Unlike the early instruments brought by Africans to southern plantations, the banjo evolved significantly by the nineteenth century, becoming a staple in minstrel shows Innovations such as machined pegs for precise tuning, frets for improved intonation, and vellum heads for better tension transformed the instrument Initially featuring four strings, the banjo later expanded to models with up to nine strings The development of the five-string banjo in the late 1800s, characterized by a small unfretted drone string played with the thumb, paved the way for the iconic sound of American bluegrass, famously exemplified by country singer Earl Scruggs.
The rugged Catskill Mountains in New York, located just 90 miles northwest of New York City, are renowned for their connection to the tale of Rip Van Winkle and the summer hotels that flourished in the mid-20th century During the 1940s to 1960s, families escaping the city heat flocked to the Catskills, where over 500 resorts and hotels offered nighttime entertainment and outdoor activities Notable comedians like Jackie Gleason, Joan Rivers, and Sid Caesar began their careers in these hotel clubs However, with the rise of air-conditioning and affordable air travel, family visits to the Catskills dwindled, leading to the closure of many hotels in the 1970s Today, some establishments remain, having adapted their facilities to cater to modern visitors.
Recent technological advancements have transformed treasure hunting from shipwrecks into a legitimate pursuit, sparking a debate between salvagers and preservationists The allure of discovering valuable items, such as gold coins, motivates treasure hunters For instance, a team of salvagers located the wreck of the RMS Republic, which sank in 1900 near Boston, using side-scan sonar technology that quickly mapped the ocean floor This innovative approach reduced search times from months or years to just two and a half days Although the team of 45 divers spent two months exploring the wreck and uncovered silver tea sets, crystal dinnerware, and thousands of wine bottles, they ultimately did not find the five and a half tons of American Gold Eagle coins they sought.
Passage 13 preservationists focus in the historic value of a ship They say that even if a shipwreck’s treasure does not have a high monetary value, it can be a invaluable source of historic artifacts that are preserved in near mint condition But once a salvage team has scoured a site, much the archaeological value is lost Maritime archaeologists who are preservationists worry that the success of salvagers will attract more treasure-hunting expeditions and thus threaten remaining undiscover wrecks Preservationists are lobbying their state lawmakers to legally restrict underwater searches and unregulated salvages To counter their efforts, treasure hunters argues that without the lure of gold and million dollar treasures, the w recks and their historical artifacts would never be recovered at all.
155 ặUie t la m j h ù i ií ĩp ('hũ'a l ồ i s a i t iỉn t / c â n ti
Mỗi câu có một lỗi sai tìm và sửa chúng
1 He was such an intelligent student that he could pass the final exam easy.
2 Would you mind to close the door for me?
3 It was very kind of him helping me with the housework.
4 Because their financial problems; they couldn’t send their children to better school.
5 He still went swimming despite of the heavy rain.
6 He learnt to play the guitar since he was a small boy.
7 His father said if he is free at weekends, he would go fishing with me.
8 The friend to who I want to introduce you is away this weekend.
9 Mary told to her friends what she would never walk alone in the forest after dark
10 She refused to tell us why was she absent yesterday.
11.1 don’t have many money as the other students.
12 It was nice o f him to let me to boưovv money.
13 A number of large insurance companies have its headquarter in
14 There are thousand o f different types o f roses.
15 Most o f us does not realize how much the car has influenced our lifestyles.
16 They did not meet each other since they left school more than five years ago.
17 The Sun is so bright to look at directly.
18 A person must be at least thirty years age in order to serve as a senator.
19 The most small vessel in the circulatory system are capillaries.
20 The most important period o f physical growth in human occurred during their first two years.
21 The first bicycle race on record in the United States taken place in 1883.
22 How long are you a member of the tennis club?
23 As a young man, George Washington liked boating, to hunt, and fishing.
24 Computers are often used to control, adjust and correct complex industrial operation.
25 Modem motorcycles are lighter, faster and specialized than motorcycles of twenty-five-years ago.
26 The Sahara desert in Africa is by far the most large desert in the world, covering an area nearly as big as the United States.
27 Pork provides people with important nutrients which they need them.
28 Many people has complained about the polluted river.
29 If Kennedy would have lived a little longer, he would have won the election.
30 Neil Armstrong was the first person set food on the moon.
31 He slept soundly in his bed when the bomb went off.
32 My parents don’t allow me staying out after 10 p.m.
33 The secretary has done many mistakes in typing the letter for her boss.
34 The new hotel they are building is twice larger than the one on the main street.
35 He practices English every day in order to he can speak to foreigners.
36 Do you think taking care o f children are a heavy duty?
37 It was so a hot day that we wanted to stay at home.
38 He must retyping the report before she hands it to the manager.
39 Does her hair need to be cutting?
40 A large number o f the students in this school speaks English fluently.
41 The streets were crowded in people during the festival.
42 The girl who father is a famous lecture is my close friend.
43 After having wrote the letter, she went to the post office.
44 He is one of the best student in our school.
45 There were terrible news about the storm on television last night.
4 6 1 am going to have my car repair next month.
47 The United Nations play an important role in preserving the world peace.
48 If you work hard, you would be successful in anything that you do.
49 There are some interesting foreign students stay in with our family.
('iic tỉtnuỊ h ù i tậ p ehãa tồ i l a i l if t t f f ifa th
50 Jack London, that was a famous American writer, wrote many great novels.
51 Those French teachers are the most interested teachers we have ever known and talked to.
52 Lot of students want to study but they do not have enough money.
5 3 1 would like to recommend this book to anyone who like animals.
54 A lot of football fans is gathering in front o f the stadium.
55 What are the differences between women in old times with women in modem times?
56 She often spends a lot of money on shopping at weekends.
57 Connecticut together with the other New England states are dotted with many little lakes.
58 Do you think that poor teenagers have a lot problems?
59 As everyone knows that he is really a good football player.
60 She always wishes she knew using a personal computer.
61 He said that he had been knowing her for three years.
6 2 1 don't know where was our English teacher bom
63 We appreciate to have had the opportunity to work for the voluntary organization.
64 Betty is one o f the women who is responsible for organizing the outin.
65 Having finished the assignment in time, it was sent to the supervisor.
66 Not only the athlete but also his wife are going to the party tonight.
67 She talked about Egypt as if she has been there.
6 8 1 passed my exam last summer, but my friend has just failed her
69 She is believing everything her son told her.
70 The more I got to know them, the fewer I liked them.
71 Philosophy, the inquiry into the nature of human knowledge it is still a very popular subject among university students.
72 When an university formulates new regulations, it must relay its decision to the students and faculty.
73.1 am angry because you didn't tell me the truth, I don't like having deceived.
74 Water that has had the minerals removed called "soft" water.
75 My sister told me that her boyfriend wasn't liking football matches on TV.
76 These televisions are all too expensive for we to buy at this time.
77 After she had bought himself a new car, she sold her bicycle.
78 Jackie, who isn't speaking French, wants to study it at the Adult Center.
79 The idea o f to study abroad is attractive to many students.
80 After having dinner in that restaurant last night, I felt badly and my wife had to take me to the hospital.
81 Robert spent three sleepless nights to try to solve the problem
82 John's get a pay rise will make him happy.
83 Most presidential candidates have their names print on the ballot in the New Hampshire primary election.
84 In present-day buiness entrepreneurs are taken fewer risks than their predecessors a century ago.
85 The brothers Grimm intended their fairy tales to be studied by scholars of German literature and not to enjoy as simple stories by children.
86 The American frontierman, politician, and soldier Davy Crockett is one of the most popular of American hero.
87 Three months after they have been laid, crocodile eggs are ready hatched.
88 A dolphin locates underwater objects in its path by doing a series of clicking and whistling sounds.
89 A desert area that has been without water for 6 years will still bloom when rain will come.
90 While both are members of the citrus family, the lemon is different from the grapefruit in that it is smaller and bitter.
91 The term "ground" refers to an electrical conductor that completes an electrical circuit by connection to earth.
(jf'if t U u n j b à i ỉ ộ p c h Cut /tfi t a t f it i t i j t 'Ịỉt/t
92 As to a scientist and chemist, George Washington Carver discovered over 450 uses for the peanut and other agricultural products.
93 Consisting almost entirely o f organic material, coal results from the compaction of decayed plants over million o f years.
94 Little they knew in 1962, when the first TV broadcast began, that it would have such an impact on people's everyday life.
95 She has found that nobody can help her if she did not try her best to do it herself.
9 6 1 have considered asking him raising my salary, but I do not think he can afford to do it.
97 Rice, which it still forms the staple diet o f much o f the world's population, grows best in hot, wet lands.
98 Those who have never been abroad is eager to see how different the other cultures are.
99 Helen as well as her friends have never been out of town since they were five years old.
100 It is considered impolite to ask how much does a person earn in his job. 101.1 was sorry to hear o f his mother death.
102 How many child do you have?
103.1 will finish read the newspaper in a few minutes.
104 His car does not seem to be bad damaged.
105.1 usually eat lunch on noon.
106 My mother bought a new pair of glove last week.
107 Why don't you borrow books in the local lending library?
108 He had to admit that there were something in what mother kept saying.
109 The students suggested buying flowers for the teachers in the Teachers' Day.
110 No one have solved such a difficult problem.
111 Unless you work harder, you will be sack because o f your laziness.
112 If you write the essay careful, you will get good mark.
113 Ordinary Americans are friendly and not afraid to show its feelings.
114 The girl who were injured in the accident is now in hospital.
115 Thank you very much of the present that you sent me.
116 There wasn't some directory in the telephone box from which I was phoning.
117 The man who I was waiting for didn't turn up.
118 Women wear make-up to beautiful themselves.
119 Mai and Lan have a row because they have misunderstood one another.
120 The workers are building a new bridge which is 150 meters in high.
121 She is the most beautiful woman who I have ever met.
122 It's no use asking them keep quiet.
123 This text is too long for me to read it.
124.1 can't get used to doing so difficult exercises.
125 My father doesn't know speak English.
126 She behaves as if she was a baby.
127 You wanted me to tell you about what I was doing here and how was my life.
128 The course is good, but more hard than I thought.
129 Sleeping all day, to eat too much and never going out is unhealthy.
130 When he arrived at the hotel yesterday, he was signing the guest book.
XII- Tìm các lỗi sai trong các đoạn văn sau và sửa chúng.
Technological advancements continue to reshape our lives at an unprecedented pace, with significant changes occurring almost weekly Over the last two decades, computers have transformed our daily experiences, and this rapid evolution is expected to accelerate in the coming years The next 25 years could bring as many innovations as the past 150 years combined, fundamentally altering the future of work and society.
By 2010, advancements in technology are set to transform communication, rendering traditional postal systems nearly obsolete Messages that once required postal delivery will be transmitted swiftly over telephone lines, leading to the disappearance of roles such as postmen, clerks, and secretaries in a paper-free society Routine tasks will be handled by small silicon chips, making these jobs as outdated as horse-drawn carriages after the advent of the automobile This technological shift is poised to render thousands, if not millions, of workers redundant.
Wall Street, located in lower Manhattan, New York City, serves as the epicenter of the U.S financial industry, housing major financial institutions that influence global markets The activities and fluctuations on Wall Street can significantly impact the lives of millions worldwide, affecting everything from investments to economic stability Understanding Wall Street is crucial, as its dynamics resonate far beyond its physical location, shaping financial outcomes for individuals and businesses globally.
Wall Street is often regarded as the finance capital of the world, with decisions made there significantly impacting the U.S economy and the lives of Americans The name "Wall Street" originates from Peter Stuyvesant, who ordered the construction of a wall in 1652 to protect the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam from English attacks Following the Revolutionary War, key government officials of New York City, the State of New York, and the United States established their offices in this area Notably, President George Washington was inaugurated there in 1789, and the first United States Congress convened in the same location.
Bill Gates, the billionaire founder of Microsoft, proposed a $9 billion vision for global communications through a project called Teledesic, which aims to deploy 840 satellites to provide fiber-optic quality connectivity to 99% of the world Although Boeing has expressed interest in the project, they have not yet officially committed Analyst Peter Jacobs noted that partnering with Boeing could transform this ambitious concept into a viable system, while Elliot Pulham from Boeing's Defence and Space Group mentioned ongoing collaboration to refine the project's design.
Many Americans are increasingly saving time by shopping from home through phone or mail orders, making home shopping a booming industry With 24-hour TV channels advertising products, customers can easily place orders by calling toll-free numbers and using credit cards, with items delivered directly to their homes Mail-order catalogs simplify gift shopping, offering a vast array of products, from food to electronics Last year, over five billion catalogs were sent to Americans, resulting in more than forty billion dollars in sales By the year 2000, it is anticipated that over one-third of all merchandise sold in the U.S will be purchased via mail.
Cịáe t lt it u j Ịừu_ t ậ p c h ữ a l ồ i i u i íiè n t ị c J tn h
While industries significantly contribute to habitat destruction, pollution, and resource depletion, it is ultimately consumers who signal their approval by supporting these businesses with their purchases Blaming industries alone is insufficient; as Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker notes in his book "Earth Politics," a staggering 90% of species extinction, soil erosion, and deforestation occurs in developing countries This highlights that even non-industrialized, subsistence economies are responsible for considerable environmental damage.
The Earth has thrived through catastrophic changes for millions of years, demonstrating that nature is indifferent to human existence While 99% of species have disappeared over time, the planet endures The focus on saving the environment should center on preserving our own habitat for the well-being of ourselves and future generations If more individuals recognized that environmental conservation is ultimately about safeguarding our own lives, we would likely witness a greater commitment to protecting our world.
The perception that Americans are excessive consumers is fueled by the rising per capita solid waste generation, which averages about 4.4 pounds per person daily However, this increase in waste is primarily linked to household dynamics rather than individual consumption As new households emerge, such as in cases of divorce where one home becomes two, the fixed activities and purchases associated with each household contribute to additional waste, including construction debris from building new residences.
Thomas Jefferson rejected the Georgian architecture of early American buildings, viewing it as a reminder of monarchical tyranny and the struggles of the War of Independence Instead, he sought a more timeless architectural style, initially inspired by Renaissance designs rooted in ancient Roman architecture What distinguished Jefferson's buildings as distinctly American was their harmonious integration into the landscape His cherished home, Monticello, was strategically positioned on a hilltop to preserve the breathtaking views of the Blue Ridge Mountains, allowing the structure to blend seamlessly with its surroundings while offering vistas of the cultivated lowlands to the east and the rugged wilderness to the west.
There is no such thing as a completely safe drug; every medication acts as a double-edged sword, presenting both beneficial and harmful effects Effective medical treatment requires a careful balance between these effects, ideally favoring the positive Unfortunately, adverse reactions to treatments can sometimes overshadow the original illness, leading to the adage "the cure is worse than the disease" being all too applicable In our pill-popping culture, overprescription is rampant, with Americans spending approximately $11 billion annually on prescribed medications, not including the additional $2.6 billion on over-the-counter drugs A study conducted in twenty-four Boston hospitals highlights the concerning trend of overmedication.
75 million Americans consume a drug at least one a week and usually everyday Is it any wonder that drugs are killing us faster than automobile accidents or certain major diseases?
@ ne d t it if j h ù i fitfi e lt ĩiíí í ô i s u i t i ê n g c ắ iiỉt
The modern banjo, with its roots in African ancestry, stands out as a uniquely American artifact Unlike the early instruments brought by Africans to southern plantations, the banjo evolved significantly throughout the 19th century, becoming a staple in minstrel shows Innovations such as machined pegs for precise tuning, frets for improved intonation, and vellum heads for better tension transformed the instrument The number of strings also varied, with early banjos featuring four strings, while later versions expanded to nine The development of the five-string banjo in the late 1800s introduced a small unfretted drone string played with the thumb, exemplified by country singer Earl Scruggs and integral to the creation of the distinctly American bluegrass music genre.
The rugged Catskill Mountains in New York State, located just 90 miles northwest of New York City, are renowned for their association with the legendary tale of Rip Van Winkle and for the summer hotels that flourished during the 1940s to 1960s Families escaping the heat of the city found the Catskills to be an ideal summer retreat, with over 500 resorts and hotels offering nighttime entertainment and various outdoor activities by the late 1950s Esteemed comedians like Jackie Gleason, Joan Rivers, and Sid Caesar began their careers performing in the region's hotel clubs However, the rise of air-conditioning and affordable air travel led to a decline in family visits to the Catskills, as many opted for more distant vacation spots While numerous hotels closed in the 1970s, some have adapted and expanded their facilities to cater to the needs of modern visitors.
Recent technological advances have transformed treasure hunting from shipwrecks into a legitimate pursuit, sparking a debate between those seeking to salvage wrecks and those advocating for their preservation The allure of discovering gold coins and valuable artifacts drives treasure hunters, as exemplified by a team that explored the RMS Republic wreck, which sank near Boston in 1900 Utilizing side-scan sonar, a technology that quickly maps the ocean floor, they located the wreck in just two and a half days—a significant improvement over the months or years required in the past Over two months, a team of 45 divers recovered silver tea services, crystal dinnerware, and thousands of wine bottles, but they ultimately did not find the anticipated five and a half tons of American Gold Eagle coins.
Passage 13 preservationists focus in the historic value of a ship They say that even if a shipwreck’s treasure does not have a high monetary value, it can be a invaluable source of historic artifacts that are preserved in near mint condition But once a salvage team has scoured a site, much the archaeological value is lost Maritime archaeologists who are preservationists worry that the success of salvagers will attract more treasure-hunting expeditions and thus threaten remaining undiscover wrecks Preservationists are lobbying their state lawmakers to legally restrict underwater searches and unregulated salvages To counter their efforts, treasure hunters argues that without the lure of gold and million dollar treasures, the w recks and their historical artifacts would never be recovered at all.
155 ặUie t la m j h ù i ií ĩp ('hũ'a l ồ i s a i t iỉn t / c â n ti
The party school is located near a river, specifically on one side of a building designated for public transport In London, the Thames River flows nearby, with various amenities available such as a table on the left and a first-floor area for gatherings Additionally, transportation options include buses and planes, while entertainment can be found on TV and the radio.
@ áe ilt n t y b ù i t ậ p t'ltii'a l ỗ i s a i t ì è H i Ị c A ith by, next to, beside ờ vị trí bên phải hay trái của người hay vât
Jane is standing beside the car The bag is located under the table, concealed by another object close to the ground In contrast, the fish are found below the surface of the water, suspended above the ground.
Ô bị che phủ bởi vật khác có nghĩa là di chuyển sang phía bên kia hoặc vượt qua chướng ngại vật, ví dụ như mặc áo khoác lên áo sơ mi hoặc đi bộ qua cầu Khi nói đến việc vượt cao hơn vật gì đó nhưng không ở ngay trên nó, chúng ta có thể đề cập đến con đường trên hồ Di chuyển sang phía bên kia có thể hiểu là đi qua cầu hoặc bơi qua hồ Hành động xuyên qua một vật có giới hạn, như lái xe qua hầm, thể hiện sự chuyển động về phía một người hay một địa điểm cụ thể, chẳng hạn như đi đến rạp chiếu phim hoặc đến London/Ireland Cuối cùng, di chuyển vào trong một phòng hoặc tòa nhà có thể được diễn tả bằng cách đi vào bếp hoặc vào nhà, trong khi chuyển động theo hướng một vật có thể được thể hiện bằng cách đi 5 bước về phía ngôi nhà.
■JỈ N ' ' ỉ ! ỉ n t ỉ y onto sự chuyển động lên phía trên cùng cùa một vật jump onto the table from từ ncri nào a flower from the garden
Các giói từ quan trọng khác rsiới từ Cách dùng Examples
'rom ai đó đưa cho cái gì a present from Jane
Bức tranh về một cung điện trong cuốn sách của Mark Twain mô tả việc di chuyển bằng cách đi bộ hoặc cưỡi ngựa, đồng thời nhấn mạnh sự tiện lợi của các phương tiện giao thông công cộng.
Khi nói về việc di chuyển, chúng ta sử dụng các cụm từ như "get in the car" để chỉ việc vào xe hơi hoặc taxi, và "get off the train" để chỉ việc ra khỏi một phương tiện giao thông công cộng Để diễn tả việc ra khỏi xe, ta dùng "get out of the taxi" Về khía cạnh giá cả, có thể nói "prices have risen by 10 percent" để chỉ sự tăng lên của giá Ngoài ra, khi đề cập đến phương tiện di chuyển, chúng ta có thể nói "by car" hoặc "by bus" Cuối cùng, một ví dụ về việc học là "she learned Russian at 45", thể hiện rằng tuổi tác không phải là rào cản trong việc học hỏi.
@ ẩte tlạnỊỊ hài tập ohữu lỗ i iu i tiêng ( it! Ỉ!
BÀI 19 CÁC DẠNG SO SÁNH CỦA TÍNH TỪ VÀ PHÓ TỪ
1 So sánh ngang bằng s + V + as + {adj/ adv} + as + {noun/ pronoun}
• My book is as interesting as yours.
• His car runs as fast as a race car.
• John sings as well as his sister.
• His job is not as difficult as mine.
• They are as lucky as we.
• Their house is as big as that one.
Nếu là câu phủ định, as thứ nhất có thể thay bằng so.
• He is not as tall as his father.
• He is not so tall as his father.
Sau as phải là một đại từ nhân xưng chù ngữ, không được là một đại từ tân ngữ.
• Peter is as tall as I (ĐÚNG)
• Peter is as tall as me (SAI)
Danh từ có thể được sử dụng để so sánh, tuy nhiên, cần lưu ý rằng trước khi thực hiện việc so sánh, danh từ đó phải đi kèm với các tính từ tương đương.
Adjectives Nouns heavy, light weight wide, narrow width deep, shallow depth long, short length big, small size
Khi so sánh bằng danh từ, sử dụng cấu trúc sau: s + V + the same + (noun) + as + {noun/ pronoun}
• My house is as high as his.
• My house is the same height as his.
Chú ý rằng "ngược nghĩa" với "the same as" là "different from " Không bao giờ sử dụng "different than" Dưới đây là một số ví dụ khác về so sánh bằng danh từ.
• These trees are the same as those.
• He speaks the same language as she.
• Her address is the same as Rita’s.
• Their teacher is different from ours.
Trong so sánh, có hai dạng chính: tính từ và phó từ ngắn (một hoặc hai âm tiết) và tính từ, phó từ dài (ba âm tiết trở lên) Khi thực hiện so sánh không ngang bằng, chúng ta cần chú ý đến cách sử dụng và cấu trúc của các từ này để diễn đạt ý nghĩa chính xác.
- Đối với tính từ và phó từ ngán chỉ cần cộng đuôi -er (thick - thickeil cold-colder; quiet-quieter)
Đối với các tính từ ngắn có một phụ âm tận cùng (ngoại trừ w, x, z) và trước phụ âm đó là một nguyên âm, cần phải gấp đôi phụ âm cuối khi hình thành so sánh hơn Ví dụ, từ "big" trở thành "bigger", "red" trở thành "redder", và "hot" trở thành "hotter".
- Đối với tính từ, phó từ dài, thêm more hoặc less trước tính từ hoặc phó till đó (more beautiful; more important; more believable).
- Đối với tính từ tận cùng là phụ âm + y, phải đổi y thành -ier (happy- happier; dry-drier; pretty-prettier).
Các tính từ có hậu tố -ed, -ful, -ing, -ish, -ous có thể được biến đổi bằng cách thêm "more" vào trước chúng, bất kể chúng là tính từ dài hay ngắn Ví dụ, chúng ta có thể nói "more useful," "more boring," và "more cautious."
Trường hợp đặc biệt: strong-stronger; friendly-friendlier than = mori friendly than.
Chú ý khi đã dùng m ore thì không dùng hậu tố -er và ngược lại Các ví df sau là SAI: more prettier, more faster, more better
Short adjective + er s + V + Short adverb + er + than + noun/pronoun
- Chi một số phó từ là có đuôi - e r , bao gồm: faster, quicker, sooner, latter.
- Nhớ dùng dạng thức chủ ngữ của đại từ sau than, không được dùng dạng tân ngữ.
Ví dụ về so sánh không ngang bằng:
• John’s grades are higher than his sister’s.
Today is hotter than yesterday.
This chair is more comfortable than the other.
He speaks Spanish more fluently than I (không dùng than me)
He visits his family less frequently than she does.
This year’s exhibit is less impressive than last year’s.
3 sánh không ngang bang có thể được nhấn mạnh bàng cách thêm much
Dặc far trước cụm từ so sánh. s + V + far + adjective + e r + than + noun/ pronoun much
A waterlemon is much sweeter than a lemon.
His car is far better than yours. s + V + far + more + adjective + than + noun/
Henry’s watch is far more expensive than mine.
That movie we saw last night was much more interesting than the one on
She dances much more artistically than her predecessor.
He speaks English much more rapidly than he does Spanish.
Danh từ cũng được dùng để diễn đạt phép so sánh ngang bàng hoặc
•lơn/kém Chú ý dùng tính từ bổ nghĩa đúng với danh từ đếm được hoặc chông đếm được. s + V + more + noun + than + noun / pronoun fewer less
' They have as few classes as we.
Cĩáe thtnt/ b ù i tiì/í (‘/liĩti trù U i! tif'm y ( 'ình
• Before payday, I have as little money as my brother
• I have more books than she.
• February has fewer days than March.
• Their job allows them less fredom than ours does.
• He earns as much money as his brother.
Khi so sánh một người/ một vật với tất cả những người hoặc vật khác phải thêm else sau anything/anybody
• He is smarter than anybody else in the class.
Khi sử dụng các mệnh đề so sánh với "as" và "than", có thể loại bỏ chủ ngữ nếu nó trùng với chủ ngữ đầu tiên, đặc biệt khi động từ sau "than" và "as" ở dạng bị động Trong trường hợp này, "than" và "as" còn đóng vai trò như đại từ quan hệ thay thế.
• Their marriage was as stormy as had been expected
(Incorrect: as it had been expected).
• He worries more than was good for him.
(Incorrect: than it/what was good for him).
Các tân ngữ cũng có thể bị loại bỏ sau các động từ ờ mệnh đề sau than và as:
• Don’t lose your passport, as I did last year.
(Incorrect: as I did it last year).
• They sent more than I had ordered.
(Incorrect: than I had ordered it).
• She gets her meat from the same butcher as I go to.
(Incoưect: as I go to him).
3 Phép so sánh không họp lý
Khi sử dụng câu so sánh, cần lưu ý rằng các đối tượng so sánh phải tương đương, tức là người với người hoặc vật với vật Những lỗi phổ biến trong việc sử dụng câu so sánh không hợp lý thường được phân loại thành ba nhóm chính: sở hữu cách, "that of" và "those of".
Incorrect: His drawings are as perfect as his instructor.
(Câu này so sánh các bức tranh với người chi dẫn)
Correct: His drawings are as perfect as his instructor’s.
(instructor's = instructor's drawings) b Dùng thêm that o f cho danh từ số ít:
Incorrect: The salary o f a professor is higher than a secretary.
(Câu này so sánh professor với secretary)
Correct: The salary of a professor is higher than that o f a secretary.
(that of = the salary of) c Dùng thêm those o f cho các danh từ số nhiềụ:
Incorrect: The duties o f a policeman are more dangerous than a teacher (Câu này so sánh policeman với teacher)
Correct: The duties of a policeman are more dangerous than those o f a teacher
(those of = the duties of)
4 Các tính từ và phó từ đặc biệt
Một số ít tính từ và phó từ có dạng thức so sánh đặc biệt Chúng không theo các quy tắc nêu trên Nghiên cứu bàng sau:
@áe th ỉ ru/ b à i t ậ p e / iiia là i t a i t i i i i t j c/ b ilt
When comparing adjectives and adverbs, the comparative and superlative forms are essential For instance, "far" becomes "farther" in the comparative and "farthest" in the superlative Similarly, "further" and "furthest" can also indicate comparison The adjective "little" changes to "less" in the comparative and "least" in the superlative, while "few" transitions to "much" for "more" and "most." Positive comparisons include "good," which becomes "better" and "best," and "well," which has "bad" changing to "worse" and "worst." Understanding these forms enhances clarity in communication and writing.
• I feel much better today than I did last week.
• He has less time now than he had before.
• This magazine is better than that one.
• He acts worse now than ever before.
Lưu ý: farth e r dùng cho khoảng cách; fu rth er dùng cho thông tin hoặc các trường hợp trừu tượng khác.
• The distance from your house to school is farther than that o f mine.
• Next year he will come to the u.s for his further education.
• If you want further information, please call to the agent.
So sánh bội số là so sánh: bàng nửa (half), gấp đôi (twice), gấp ba (three times),
y/íf' '} ị ì t x ỉ y s + V + number multiple + as + much/many + (noun) + as _ + noun/pronoun _
Giống như việc sử dụng so sánh hơn kém, so sánh bằng cũng cần xác định rõ danh từ là đếm được hay không đếm được Điều này rất quan trọng vì nó ảnh hưởng đến cấu trúc câu và cách diễn đạt chính xác trong ngữ cảnh so sánh.
„> This encyclopedy costs twice as much as the other one.
• Jerome has half as many records now as I had last year.
_• At the clambake last week, Fred ate three times as many oysters as Bob.
Các lối nói: twice th a t many/twice th at much = gap đôi ngần ay chi được dùng trong khẩu ngữ, không được dùng trong văn viết.
• We have expected 80 people at that rally, but twice that many showned up (twice as many as that number).
Cấu trúc so sánh "Càng càng " được sử dụng để thể hiện mối quan hệ tỉ lệ thuận giữa hai yếu tố Các tính từ (Ađj) hoặc trạng từ (Ađv) cần được đặt ở đầu câu, với "The" đứng trước Có hai mẫu câu chính để thực hiện so sánh kép này.
• The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel.
(Trời càng nóng, tôi càng thấy khó chịu)
• The bigger they are, the faster they fall.
(Chúng càng to bao nhiêu thì càng rơi nhanh bấy nhiêu)
• The sooner you take your medicince, the better you will feel.
(Anh càng uống thuốc sớm bao nhiêu, anh càng cảm thấy dễ chịu bấy nhiêu)
(>tjr thuIt/ bài tập t'Ịiũ'a ỊẪÌ tu i tìêinỊ t ình
• The more you study, the smarter you will become.
(Càng học, anh càng thông minh hơn)
• The more I look into your eyes, the more I love you
(Càng nhìn vào mắt em, anh càng yêu em hơn)
Sau The more ở vế thứ nhất có thể thêm th a t nhưng không mẫu câu này không phổ biến.
• The more (that) you study, the smarter you will become.
Trong trường hợp nếu cả hai vế đều có chủ ngữ giả it is thì có thể bỏ chúng đi
• The shorter (it is), the better (it is).
Hoặc nếu cả hai vế đều dùng to be thì bỏ đi.
• The closer to the Earth's pole (is), the greater the gravitational force (is).
1 The food was not eaten.
2 This airplane is driven by a robot
3 All the wine has been drunk.
4 A house can be drawn easily.
5 His homework is never done.
6 A big hole was being dug in the garden.
7 This problem is not being dealt with.
8 The tall trees in our street are being cut down.
9 This one has been chosen.
10 The bank robbers have been caught by the police.
11 All the ingredients have been bought.
12 Their house was being rebuilt.
13 This program is being broadcast all over the world.
14 The window has been broken.
15 Our tent was blown away by the wind.
16 She was bitten by a dog yesterday.
17 He was beaten up last week.
18 This house is being repainted.
19 German is not taught at this school.
20 This play was written by Shakespeare.
21 The picture is being lent to a famous museum.
22 The stolen car was left in the ditch.
23 John and Ann were not misled.
24 It had not been known for years.
25 The thing could not be kept secret.
26 Peter and Tom were hurt in an accident yesterday.
27 South Florida and Hawaii have been hit by a hurricane.
28 The treasure must have been hidden.
29 Everything that had been overheard remained a secret.
30 The money has not been given to me.
31.1 have not been given the money.
32 All bottles were frozen before transportation.
33 What he has done to me cannot be forgiven.
34 Everything is going to be forgotten.
36 The best way will be found.
37 The battles for liberation had been fought before the liberation o f the Iron Curtain.
38 The mosquito bite could not be felt.
39 It is said that learning English is easy.
40 Our horses are well fed.
Technological advancements occur almost weekly, showcasing progress that would have seemed unimaginable just 50 years ago In the last two decades, computers have fundamentally transformed our lives, and this rapid pace of change is expected to increase in the coming years The next 25 years may bring as many innovations as the last 150, significantly impacting the future of work.
By 2010, advancements in technology are set to transform communications, allowing messages to be transmitted over telephone lines instead of through traditional postal services This evolution will lead to the near extinction of a postal system that has remained largely unchanged since ancient times As a result, roles such as postmen, clerks, and secretaries will become obsolete in a paper-free society, with their routine tasks being handled by small silicon chips The introduction of this technology will render these professions as outdated as horse-drawn carriages following the advent of the motor vehicle, potentially making thousands, if not millions, of workers redundant.
Wall Street, located in lower Manhattan, New York City, serves as the hub for major financial institutions in the United States The events that unfold on Wall Street have a significant impact on the global economy, influencing the lives of millions around the world Understanding the dynamics of Wall Street is essential, as it plays a crucial role in shaping financial markets and economic trends.
Wall Street is often regarded as the finance capital of the world, with decisions made there significantly impacting the U.S economy and the lives of Americans Its name originates from Peter Stuyvesant, who ordered the construction of a protective wall in 1652 during his governance of New Amsterdam Following the Revolutionary War, Wall Street became the hub for government officials from the city, the State of New York, and the United States Notably, President George Washington was inaugurated there in 1789, and the first United States Congress convened in the area.
Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, has proposed a $9 billion vision for global communications to Boeing, which has shown interest but has yet to officially commit to the Teledesic project In 1994, Gates and Craig McCaw announced plans to deploy 840 satellites to provide fiber-optic quality communications to 99% of the world, a concept that was initially met with skepticism Analyst Peter Jacobs noted that Boeing's involvement could transform this ambitious idea into a viable system, while Elliot Pulham from Boeing’s Defence and Space Group confirmed ongoing collaboration to refine the satellite network.
Many Americans are increasingly turning to home shopping as a time-saving solution, utilizing phone and mail orders This booming industry is supported by 24-hour TV channels that promote various products, which can be easily ordered via toll-free numbers using credit cards Customers enjoy the convenience of having items delivered directly to their homes, making gift shopping simpler than ever From a wide range of products including food, electronics, and clothing, mail-order catalogs have become a popular choice, with over five billion catalogs sent out last year alone This trend is expected to continue, with projections indicating that by the year 2000, more than one-third of all merchandise sold in the U.S will be purchased through mail orders.
Cịáe t lt it u j Ịừu_ t ậ p c h ữ a l ồ i i u i íiè n t ị c J tn h
The responsibility for environmental degradation lies primarily with people, as our purchasing choices signal to businesses that their practices are acceptable While industries significantly contribute to habitat destruction, pollution, and resource depletion, it is crucial to recognize that even non-industrialized societies are not exempt from environmental harm In his book "Earth Politics," Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker highlights that approximately 90% of species extinction, soil erosion, and deforestation occurs in developing countries, demonstrating that subsistence economies also play a role in creating environmental havoc.
The Earth does not require saving; it has endured cataclysmic changes for millions of years, with 99% of species having come and gone while the planet remains The focus on environmental conservation should be about preserving our own environment for ourselves and future generations If more individuals recognized that the issue is about safeguarding their own well-being, we would likely witness greater motivation and commitment to environmental protection.
The common belief that Americans are excessive consumers is reflected in the rising per capita solid waste generation, averaging about 4.4 pounds of garbage per person daily However, this increase is primarily driven by household dynamics rather than individual consumption habits As new households are established, they inevitably contribute to additional waste, such as when a couple divorces and transitions from one home to two, leading to increased construction debris and waste generation.
Thomas Jefferson rejected the Georgian architecture of early American buildings, viewing it as a reminder of monarchical oppression and the struggles of the War of Independence He sought a more timeless architectural style, initially drawing inspiration from Renaissance designs rooted in ancient Roman architecture What distinguished Jefferson's buildings as distinctly American was their harmonious integration with the surrounding landscape His cherished home, Monticello, was strategically situated on a hilltop, allowing its expansive wings to blend seamlessly with the environment while offering breathtaking views of the Blue Ridge Mountains to the west and cultivated lowlands to the east.
There is no such thing as a completely safe drug; each medication carries both benefits and risks Effective medical treatment requires a careful balance between these beneficial and harmful effects, ideally favoring the positive Unfortunately, the adverse reactions to treatments can sometimes overshadow the original health issues, leading to the saying, "the cure is worse than the disease." In today's pill-popping culture, overprescription of medications is a significant concern, with Americans spending approximately $11 billion annually on prescribed drugs and an additional $2.6 billion on over-the-counter medications A study conducted in twenty-four Boston hospitals highlights the extent of this overmedication issue.
75 million Americans consume a drug at least one a week and usually everyday Is it any wonder that drugs are killing us faster than automobile accidents or certain major diseases?
@ ne d t it if j h ù i fitfi e lt ĩiíí í ô i s u i t i ê n g c ắ iiỉt
The modern banjo, despite its African roots, has evolved significantly from the early instruments brought to Southern plantations In the 19th century, it became a staple in minstrel shows, leading to various modifications such as machined pegs for precise tuning, added frets for improved intonation, and vellum heads for better tension The number of strings also varied, with early banjos having four strings and later models featuring up to nine The late 1800s saw the development of the five-string banjo, characterized by a small unfretted drone string played with the thumb, famously used by country singer Earl Scruggs and integral to the creation of American bluegrass music.
The rugged Catskill Mountains in New York State, located just 90 miles northwest of New York City, are renowned for their connection to the legendary tale of Rip Van Winkle and for the summer hotels that flourished during the mid-20th century Families escaping the heat of the city found the Catskills to be an ideal summer retreat, with over 500 resorts and hotels offering nighttime entertainment and outdoor activities by the late 1950s This era saw the rise of famous comedians like Jackie Gleason, Joan Rivers, and Sid Caesar, who launched their careers performing in hotel clubs However, with the advent of air-conditioning and affordable air travel, family visits to the Catskills declined, leading to the closure of many hotels in the 1970s Today, some establishments remain, having adapted and expanded their facilities to cater to modern visitors.
Recent technological advancements have transformed the once-fantastical pursuit of treasure hunting from shipwrecks into a legitimate endeavor, sparking a debate between salvage efforts and preservation Treasure hunters are motivated by the prospect of discovering valuable artifacts, such as gold coins, from sunken vessels For example, a team of salvagers located the wreck of the RMS Republic, which sank near Boston in 1900, in just two and a half days using side-scan sonar technology This innovative device, which projects sound waves across the ocean floor, significantly reduces search times that previously took months or even years After two months of diving, the team discovered silver tea services, crystal dinnerware, and thousands of wine bottles, but they did not uncover the five and a half tons of American Gold Eagle coins they had hoped to find.
Preservationists emphasize the historic significance of shipwrecks, arguing that even if treasures lack high monetary value, they can yield invaluable artifacts in excellent condition However, once salvage operations occur, much of the archaeological value is diminished Maritime archaeologists express concern that successful salvaging will lead to increased treasure-hunting expeditions, jeopardizing undiscovered wrecks In response, preservationists are advocating for legal restrictions on underwater searches and unregulated salvaging Conversely, treasure hunters contend that without the prospect of valuable treasures, many wrecks and their historical artifacts would remain unrecovered.
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