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ABSTRACT

Copra meals are the by-product of the coconut oil pressing process and have potential as a dietary fiber source for human consumption In this research, copra meals are extracted by n-hexane, dried, sieved through 40 mesh ray and mixed with wheat flour in producing enriched-fiber cookies Copra meals are determined the proximate compounds, then investigating the favorable conditions of the hydrolysis process of commercial enzyme preparation of cellulase (Cellulast1.5L) in order to obtain the highest soluble dietary fiber (SDF) contents Additionally, influencing of replacement percentage of copra meals and hydrolyzed copra meals on chemical compositions, physical properties and sensory evaluation of cookies is studied The factors of hydrolysis conditions are conducted as specific activities of the enzyme at 3-5-10-15-20-25 U/ml enzyme preparation; pH 5-6-7; temperature 40-50-60 oC and time 15-30-60-90-150-210 minutes The SDF contents is the highest under hydrolysis conditions namely specific activities, pH, temperature and time at 5 U, 6, 50 oC and 30 minutes in turn When the proportion of wheat flour replaced by two different types of copra meals varies from 0 to 40%, the total fiber and ash contents soar On the other hand, the percentage of protein and starch alleviate, while lipid contents are similar to that of the control sample Rising of copra meals in the cookie formula also increases hardness and spread factor of biscuits With the level of acceptability at 6.5, the replacement rate of hydrolyzed copra meals being 10% is the suitable rate for partial substitution of wheat flour in enriched-fiber cookie production

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xix %ҧQJ+jPOѭӧQJ[ѫWәQJWDQEiQKTX\FӫDFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃNKiFQKDXYӟLEӝWPuFӫDEmFѫPGӯDÿmWKӫ\SKkQ xlii %ҧQJ7ӹOӋ[ѫNK{QJWDQYj[ѫWDQEiQKTX\FӫDFiFWӹOӋWKay thӃNKiFQKDXYӟLEӝWPuFӫDEmFѫPGӯDÿmWKӫ\SKkQ xlii %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәL ÿӝFӭQJFӫDEӝWQKjRWKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃEmFѫPGӯDFKѭDWKӫ\SKkQ xliii %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәLÿӝFӕNӃWFӫDEӝWQKjRWKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃEmFѫPGӯDFKѭDWKӫ\SKkQ xliii %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәLÿӝEiPGtQKFӫDEӝWQKjRWKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃEmFѫP GӯDFKѭDWKӫ\SKkQ xliii %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәLÿӝSKөFKӗLFӫDEӝW QKjRWKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃEmFѫPGӯDcKѭDWKӫ\SKkQ xliv %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәLÿӝFӭQJFӫDEӝWQKjRWKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃEmFѫPGӯDÿmWKӫ\SKkQ xliv %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәLÿӝFӕNӃWFӫDEӝWQKjRWKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃEmFѫPGӯDÿmtKӫ\SKkQ xliv %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәLÿӝEiPGtQKFӫDEӝWQKjRWKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃEmFѫPGӯDÿmWKӫ\SKkQ xlv %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ ÿәLÿӝSKөFKӗLFӫDEӝWQKjRWKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃEmFѫPGӯDÿmWKӫ\SKkQ xlv BҧQJ 6ӵWKD\ÿәLÿӝFӭQJFӫDEiQKTX\WKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃEmFѫPGӯDFKѭDWKӫ\SKkQ xlv %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәL ÿӝFӭQJFӫDEiQKTX\WKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃEmFѫPGӯDÿmWKӫ\SKkQ xlvi %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәLÿѭӡQJNtQKFӫDEiQKTX\WKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃNKiFQKDXYӟLEӝWPuFӫDEmFѫPGӯDFKѭDWKӫ\SKkQ xlvi

xx %ҧQJ 5.56ӵWKD\ÿәLÿӝGj\FӫDEiQKTX\WKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃNKiFQKDXYӟLEӝWPuFӫDEmFѫPGӯDFKѭDWKӫ\Shân xlvi %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәLÿӝQӣFӫDEiQKTX\WKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃNKiFQKau YӟLEӝWPuFӫDEmFѫPGӯDFKѭDWKӫ\SKkQ xlvii %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәLÿѭӡQJNtQKFӫDEiQKTX\WKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃNKiFQKDXYӟLEӝWPuFӫDEmFѫPGӯDÿmWKӫ\SKkQ xlvii %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ ÿәLFKLӅXGj\FӫDFӫDEiQKTX\WKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃNKiFQKDXYӟLEӝWPuFӫDEmFѫPGӯDÿmWKӫ\SKkQ xlvii %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәLÿӝQӣFӫDFӫDEiQKTX\WKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃNKiFQKDXYӟLEӝWPuFӫDEmFѫPGӯDÿmWKӫ\SKkQ xlviii %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәLǻ(WKHRFiF WӹOӋWKD\WKӃNKiFQKDXYӟLEӝWPuFӫDEmFѫPGӯDFKѭDWKӫ\SKkQ xlviii %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәL/WKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃNKiFQKDXYӟL EӝWPuFӫDEmFѫPGӯDFKѭDWKӫ\SKkQ xlviii %ҧQg 56ӵWKD\ÿәLJLiWUӏDWKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃNKiFQKDXYӟLEӝWPuFӫDEmFѫPGӯDFKѭDWKӫ\SKkQ xlix %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәLJLiWUӏEWKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃNKiFQKDXYӟLEӝWPuFӫDEm FѫPGӯDFKѭDWKӫ\SKkQ xlix %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәLǻ(WKHRFiFWӹOӋ WKD\WKӃNKiFQKDXYӟLEӝWPuFӫDEmFѫPGӯDÿmWKӫ\SKkQ xlix %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәLJLiWUӏ/WKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃNKiFQKDXYӟLEӝWPuFӫDEmFѫPGӯDÿmWKӫ\SKkQ l %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәLJLiWUӏDWKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃNKiFQKDXYӟLEӝWPuFӫDEmFѫPGӯDÿmWKӫ\SKkQ l %ҧQJ6ӵWKD\ÿәLJLi WUӏEWKHRFiFWӹOӋWKD\WKӃNKiFQKDXYӟLEӝWPuFӫDEmFѫPGӯDÿmWKӫ\SKkQ l

xxi BҧQJ.ӃWTXҧÿiQKJLiFҧPTXDQFӫDWӹOӋWKD\WKӃYӟLEӝWPuFӫDEmFѫPGӯDFKѭDWKӫ\SKkQ&73 YjWKӫ\Shân (TP) l

xxii

'$1+0Ө&9,ӂ77Ҳ&

Asp: Aspartic acid

B&'&73EmFѫPGӯDFKѭDWKӫ\SKkQ B&''73EmFѫPGӯDÿmWӫ\SKkQ T3WKӵFSKҭP

I')FKҩW[ѫNK{QJKzDWDQ D)FKҩW[ѫWKӵFSKҭP S')FKҩW[ѫKzDWDQ TDF: FKҩW[ѫWәQJ

1

MӢĈҪ8

1Jj\QD\WӹOӋQJѭӡLPҳFEӋQKWKӯDFkQEpRSKuÿDQJQJj\FjQJJLDWăQJGRWLrXWKөQKLӅXWKӵFSKҭPJLjXQăQJOѭӧQJQKѭFiFORҥLWKӵFSKҭPFKLrQYjQѭӟFXӕQJFyJDV7uQKWUҥQJEpRSKuÿmWUӣWKjQKYҩQÿӅVӭFNKӓHFӝQJÿӗQJӣQKLӅXTXӕFJLDWURQJÿyFy9LӋW1DPGүQÿӃQJLDWăQJQKXFҫXVӱGөQJFiFORҥLWKӵFSKҭPJLjXFKҩW[ѫ[1] %mFѫPGӯDKD\FzQJӑLOjFiPGӯDPӝWSKӃSKҭP ÿѭӧFWKXQKұQWӯTXiWUunh ép FѫPGӯDWѭѫLÿӇWKXQKұQKDLVҧQSKҭPFKtQKOjGҫXGӯDYjVӳDGӯD[2]&KҩW[ѫ(dietary fiber-FKҩW[ѫ OjWKjQKSKҫQKyDKӑFFKӫ\ӃXWURQJEmFѫPGӯD&KҩW[ѫFӫDEmFѫPGӯDÿѭӧFFҩXWҥRWӯEDÿѫQSKkQPDQQRVHJOXFRVHYjJDODFWRVHOLrQNӃWYӟLQKDXTXDOLrQNӃWȕ-ȕ-JO\FRVLGHYjPDQJWtQKFKҩWFӫDPӝWSUHELRWLF[3, 4] 7URQJQăPVҧQOѭӧQJGӯDӣ9LӋW1DPÿҥWPӝWWULӋXWҩQ[5]ÿLFQJYӟLÿyOjJLDWăQJVҧQOѭӧQJFӫDFiFVҧQSKҭPQKѭGҫXGӯDVӳDGӯDFѫPGӯDPDQJOҥLJLiWUӏ[XҩWNKҭXÿҥWWULӋX86'[6]7X\QKLrQEmFѫPGӯDPӝWVҧQSKҭPWKҧLFӫDFiFTXiWUuQKVҧQ[XҩWWUrQYjWKѭӡQJÿѭӧFVӱGөQJOjPWKӭFăQFKRJLDV~F

BiQKTX\PӝWORҥLWKӵFSKҭPSKәELӃQÿѭӧFVӱGөQJUӝQJUmLWUrQWRjQWKӃJLӟLEӣLYuWtQKWLӋQGөQJYӏQJRQYjWKӡLJLDQ EҧRTXmQGjL[7]7X\QKLrQEiQKTX\OjPӝWWKӵFSKҭPQăQJOѭӧQJFDR, JEiQKTX\FXQJFҩSNFDOOѭӧQJQăQJOѭӧQJQj\WѭѫQJӭQJYӟLWәQJQKXFҫXQăQJOѭӧQJWUXQJEuQKFӫDPӝWQJѭӡLEuQKWKѭӡQJ[8] YjFyFKӍVӕÿѭӡQJKX\ӃWFDR! 1Jj\QD\VӵJLDWăQJQKұQWKӭFYӅVӭFNKӓHFӫDQJѭӡLWLrXGQJÿѭӧFQkQJFDRGүQÿӃQWăQJFiFQKXFҫXVӱGөQJFiFORҥLWKӵFSKҭPFKӭDFiFFKҩWFyOӧLFKRVӭFNKӓHQKѭFKҩW[ѫYjFiFFKҩWFyKRҥWWtQKVLQKKӑF%әVXQJ FKҩW[ѫYjRFiFVҧQSKҭPWKӵFSKҭPWUX\ӅQWKӕQJOjPӝWWURQJQKӳQJ[XKѭӟQJÿDQJÿѭӧFTXDQWkP1KLӅXQJKLrQFӭXWUѭӟFÿk\ÿmVӱGөQJFKҩW[ѫWӯFiFQJXӗQQKѭFiPJҥREӝWPuYj\ӃQPҥFKÿӇEәVXQJYjREiQKTX\YjPӝWVӕVҧQSKҭPEiQKPu[9]%mFѫPGӯDFyWLӅPQăQJFӫDPӝWSUHELRWLFYjFKѭDFyQJKLrQ FӭXQjREәVXQJEmFѫPGӯDYjREiQKTX\ÿӇJLDWăQJKjPOѭӧQJ[ѫ'RÿyFK~QJW{LÿmWKӵFKLӋQÿӅWjL³6ӱGөQJEmpSQѭӟFFӕWGӯDÿӇWKD\WKӃPӝWSKҫQEӝWPuWURQJVҧQ[XҩWEiQKTX\JLjXFKҩW[ѫ´ĈӇWKӵFKLӋQÿӅWjLQj\FK~QJW{L VӁ[iFÿӏQKWKjQK

2 SKҫQKyDKӑFFӫDEmFѫPGӯDNKҧRViWÿLӅXNLӋQWKӫ\SKkQYjWӹOӋWKD\WKӃEӝWPuFӫDEmFѫPGӯDWURQJVҧQ[XҩWEiQKEtFKTX\JLjX[ѫ

CѫPGӯDWѭѫLFKLӃPÿӃQNKӕLOѭӧQJFӫD³TXҧ´ GӯDӢQKLӅXTXӕFJLDFKkXÈWURQJÿyFy9LӋW1DP FѫPGӯDOjQJX\rQOLӋXÿӇVҧQ[XҩWGҫXGӯDYjVӳDGӯD 3KӃSKҭPFӫDFiFTX\WUuQKQj\OjEmFѫPGӯD7ӯWUѭӟFWӟLQD\, EmFѫPGӯD sau khi ép FKӍÿѭӧFGQJOjPWKӭFăQJLDV~F7uy nhiên, JҫQÿk\FyQKLӅXQJKLrQFӭXÿmFKӭQJPLQKFK~QJFyWLӅPQăQJFӫDSUHELRWLFYjFyWKӇÿѭӧFVӱGөQJWURQJFiFVҧQSKҭPWKӵFSKҭP YuOӧLtFKVӭFNKӓH [10, 11]

4

1.1.1 7KjQKSK̯QKyDK͕FFͯDF˯PGͳDW˱˯L

7KjQKSKҫQKyDKӑFFӫDFѫPGӯDWѭѫLÿѭӧFWUuQKEj\WURQJEҧQJ7KjQK SKҫQOLSLGFKLӃPWӹOӋFDRQKҩWFKҩWNK{QKӳQJWKjQKSKҫQNKiFFyWKӇNӇÿӃQOjSURWHLQFDUERK\GUDWHYjFKҩW[ѫFKLӃP3%

5 BҧQJWKӇKLӋQWKjQKSKҫQOLSLGYjWӹOӋDFLGEpRFӫDFѫPGӯDWѭѫLFKӫ\ӃXFKӭDFiFDFLGEpRQRPҥFKQJҳQYjWUXQJEuQKFKLӃPNKRҧQJWәQJOѭӧQJDFLGEpR $FLGODXULFFKLӃPWӹOӋFDRQKҩWYjNӃÿӃn là acid myristic 18.1 Các acid béo NK{QJQRQKѭROHLFYjOLQROHLFDFLGFKLӃPWӹWKҩSFKӍYj'RFyQKLӅXDFLGEpRQRGҫX GӯD NKyEӏR[\KyDWURQJTXiWUuQKEҧRTXҧQQKѭQJFK~QJYүQEӏ{LKyDGRTXiWKӫ\SKkQVӁJLҧLSKyQJUDDFLGEpRWӵGRWҥRPL{L1JRjLWKjQKSKҫQFKtQKOjFiFWULJO\FHULGHWURQJGҫXGӯDFzQFKӭDFiFFKҩWEpRNK{QJ[jSKzQJKyDÿѭӧF&iFWKjQKSKҫQQj\EDRJӗPWRFRSKHUROVWHUROVTXDOHQHFiFVҳFWӕ PjXQKѭbeta caroten

1.1.1.2 Protein FͯDF˯PGͳDW˱˯L

%ҧQJ 1.3: 7KjQKSKҫQFiFSURWHLQFӫDFѫPGӯDWѭѫL

%ҧQJWKӇKLӋQWKjQKSKҫQFiFWKjQKSKҫQSURWHLQFӫDFѫPGӯDWѭѫLProtein trong QJX\rQOLӋXFѫPGӯDFKLӃP0VRYӟLNKӕLOѭӧQJFѫPGӯDWѭѫL &KLӃPWӹOӋFDROjFiFSURWHLQQKѭJOREXOLQYjDOEXPLQ Yj NӃÿӃQOjJOXWHOLQ-FKLӃP14%7KjQKSKҫQDFLGDPLQWURQJFѫPGӯDFKӫ\ӃXOjDUJLQLQH và glutamic acid [13, 14]7ӹOӋSKҫQWUăPFӫDFiFSURWHLQFӫDFѫPGӯDWѭѫLÿѭӧFWUuQKEj\WURQJ EҧQJ

[14]

1.1.1.3 Cacbonhydrate FͯDF˯PGͳDW˱˯L

CarbohydraWHFKLӃP7WURQJWKjQKSKҫQKyDKӑFFӫDFѫPGӯDFKѭDWiFKOLSLG ĈӕLvӟLFѫP GӯDÿmWiFKOLSLGWKjQKSKҫQQj\FKLӃPWURQJÿyOLJQLQFKLӃP[15] &iF ÿѫQ SKkQ FҩX WKjQK SRO\VDFFKDULGH FӫD FѫP GӯD EDR JӗP PDQQRVH 72%,

6 glucose 25%, galactose 3% Yj PӝW OѭӧQJ QKӓ [\ORVH, arabinose OLrQ NӃW YӟL QKDXEҵQJOLrQNӃWȕ-1,4 Yjȕ-1,6 glycoside [15, 16]7KjQKSKҫQFDFERQK\GUDWHFӫDFѫPGӯDÿѭӧFWUuQKEj\WURQJEҧQJ1.4 [15]

%ҧQJ 1.4: 7KjQKSKҫQpolysaccharide YjWӹOӋFӫDFiFÿѫQSKkQ

&K~WKtFK36SRO\VDFFKDULGH7UWUҥQJWKiLYӃW; Ara: arabinose; xyl: xylulose; Man: mannose; gal: galactose; glu: glucose, 36$SRO\VDFFKDULGHFѫPGӯDWiFKEpRÿѭӧFWUtFKO\EҵQJDFLG36%SRO\VDFFKDULGHFѫPGӯDWiFKEpRÿѭӧFWUtFKO\EҵQJkiӅP36CSRO\VDFFKDULGHFѫPGӯDWiFKEpRÿѭӧFWUtFKO\EҵQJQѭӟFQyQJ

+jP OѭӧQJ các WKjQK SKҫQ FDUERK\GUDWH FӫDFiP GӯD FDR KѫQ FѫP GӯD WѭѫL WX\QKLrQFiPGӯDÿmWUҧLTXDKDLTXiWUuQKpSWKӫ\OӵFYjWUөFYtW QrQKjPOѭӧQJlipid và protein trong FiPGӯDWKҩSKѫQVRYӟLFѫPGӯDWѭѫL

1.2 &KҩW[ѫWKӵFSKҭP

1.2.1 Ĉ͓QKQJKƭDYjSKkQOR̩LFK̭W[˯

&KҩW[ѫOjFiFWKjQKSKҫQFDUERK\GUDWHFyNKҧQăQJNKiQJOҥLFiFHQ]\PHWLrXKyD, TXiWUuQKKҩSWKXӣUXӝWQRQFӫDQJѭӡLYjÿѭӧFOrQPHQPӝWSKҫQKRһFKRjQWRjQ EӣLKӋ vi sinKYұW ӣUXӝWJLj[17]

CKҩW [ѫ Oj WKjQK SKҫQ Fѫ EҧQ FҩX WҥR QrQ WKjQK WӃ EjR FӫD FiF ORjL WKӵF YұW JL~SFK~QJFKӕQJOҥLFiFWiF ÿӝQJFѫKӑFWӯErQQJRjL &KҩW[ѫÿѭӧFFҩXWӯFiFÿѫQSKkQ OLrQNӃWYӟLQKDXWK{QJTXDOLrQNӃt ȕ-1,4 glycoside, liên NӃWQj\WҥRPҥFKFKtQKFӫD

Thành phҫn

7 FKXӛLSRO\VDFFKDULGHWURQJNKLÿyOLrQNӃW ȕ-1,3 Yjȕ-JO\FRVLGHWҥRUDFiFPҥFKnhánh [18]

1.2.2 7tQKFK̭WFͯDFK̭W[˯

'ӵDWUrQNKҧQăQJKzDWDQWURQJQѭӟFFKҩW[ѫÿѭӧFFKLDWKjQKKDLORҥLOj[ѫWDQYj[ѫNK{QJWDQ;ѫ KzDWDQOjQKӳQJWKjQKSKҫQ[ѫFyNKҧQăQJKzDWDQWURQJQѭӟFnóng và QJѭӧFOҥL QKӳQJWKjQKSKҫQ[ѫNK{QJFyNKҧQăQJKzDWDQWURQJQѭӟFQyQJlà [ѫkhông tan [18]

KK̫QăQJJLͷQ˱ͣFYjJLͷG̯X là NKҧQăQJOLrQNӃW KRһFKҩSSKөQѭӟFYjGҫXFӫD

FKҩW[ѫ&iFFKҩW[ѫKzDWDQQKѭSHFWLQYjJXPFyNKҧQăQJJLӳQѭӟFFDRKѫQFiFFKҩW[ѫNK{QJWDQ YjWҥRUDGXQJGӏFKFyÿӝQKӟWFDRNKLKzDWDQWURQJQѭӟF.KҧQăQJJLӳQѭӟFFӫa FKҩW[ѫNK{QJWDQSKөWKXӝFYjRÿӝUӛQJYjNtFKWKѭӟFKҥW QKѭKHPLFHOOXORVHFyNKҧQăQJJLӳ QѭӟFFDRKѫQVRYӟLFHOOXORVHYjOLJQLQ1JRjLUDNKҧQăQJJLӳQѭӟFvà JLӳGҫXFzQSKөWKXӝFYjRpHOӵFLRQÿӝ[ӕSFҩXWU~FSKkQWӱ và KjPOѭӧQJFӫDFKҩW[ѫWrRQJVҧQSKҭPÿy[17, 18]

KK̫QăQJOrQPHQ là PӭFÿӝSKkQKӫ\FӫDFKҩW[ѫEӣLKӋYLVLQKYұW ÿѭӡQJUXӝWFӫD

FѫWKӇQJѭӡLYjPӝW WURQJQKӳQJWtQKFKҩWTXDQWUӑQJFӫDFKҩW[ѫ4Xá trình lên men FXQJFҩSQăQJOѭӧQJYjFiFWKjQKSKҫQWKLӃW\ӃXQKѭQLWR FKRVӵSKiWWULӇQFӫDKӋYLVLQKYұWFNJQJQKѭWҥRUDFiFDFLGEpRPҥFKQJҳQ (short chain fatty acid-SCFA), FiFDFLGEpRQj\ÿѭӧFKҩSWKөWUӵFWLӃSTXDWKjQKUXӝWYjFXQJFҩSQăQJOѭӧng cho FѫWKӇQJѭӡL[18] ;ѫKzDWDQÿѭӧFOrQPHQKRjQWRjQWURQJUXӝWJLjFzQ[ѫNK{QJWDQFyWKӇÿѭӧFOrQPHQKRjQWRjQKRһFPӝWSKҫQ

KK̫QăQJW̩RJHO OjNKҧQăQJKҩSWKөQѭӟFFӫDFiFFKҩW[ѫKzDWDQÿӇKuQKWKjQK

GXQJGӏFK FyÿӝQKӟWFDR 7Kӫ\SKkQFiFWKjQKSKҫQ[ѫWDQQKѭJum, pectin và beta JOXFDQOjPJLҧPNKҧ QăQJWҥRJHO GRWăQJÿӝKzDWDQ.KҧQăQJWDRJHOFӫDFKҩW[ѫSKөWKXӝFYjRS+OӵFLRQKjPOѭӧQJ[ѫKzDWDQFҩXWU~F YjNKӕLOѭѫQJSKkQWӱ

KK̫QăQJK̭SWKͭYjOLrQN͇WFiFFK̭WGLQKG˱ͩQJ OjNKҧQăQJQKӕWFiFFKҩW dinh

GѭӥQJWURQJPҥQJOѭӟLJHOFӫDFKҩW[ѫKzD WDQKRһFNKҧQăQJJLӳFKҩWGLQK GѭӥQJWURQJPDRTXҧQFӫD[ѫNK{QJWDQ.KҧQăQJQj\ҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQthӡLJLDQOѭXFӫDFiF

8 FKҩWGiQKGѭӥQJErQWURQJӕQJWLrXKyDFӫDQJѭӡL YjSKөWKXӝFYjRP{LWUѭӡQJYjtrang tKiLFӫDFKҩW[ѫWURQJUXӝWQRQ[19]

KtFKWK˱ͣFK̩W OjPӝWWURQJQKӳQJWK{QJVӕTXDQWUӑQJFӫDFKҩW[ѫTX\ӃWÿӏQKNKҧ

QăQJOrQPHQ YjWKӡLJLDQYұQFKX\ӇQWURQJӕQJWLrXKyDFӫDQJѭӡL GRWKD\ÿәLGLӋQWtFKWLӃS[~FJLӳDFKҩW[ѫYjKӋYLVLQKYұWÿѭӡQJUXӝW.tFKWKѭӟFKҥWSKөWKXӝFYjRqua truQK[ӱOêFѫKӑF[19]

1.2.3 Vai trò sinh lý FͯDFK̭W[˯

&KҩW[ѫWKӵFSKҭPFyYDLWUzTXDQWUӑQJÿӕLYӟLVӭFNKӓHFRQQJѭӡLQyFyWKӇVRViQKQJDQJEҵQJYӟLYDLWUzFӫDYLWDPLQFӫDFiFQJX\rQWӕYLOѭӧQJYjNKRiQJFKҩW9LӋFÿҧPEҧRÿӫQKXFҫXFKҩW[ѫKjQJQJj\ÿӇFyFKӃÿӝGLQKGѭӥQJKӧSOêÿmÿѭӧF9LӋQ'LQKGѭӥQJ9LӋW1DPNKX\ӃQQJKӏYLӋFăQÿӫFKҩW[ѫFyWiFGөQJWtFKFӵFÿӕLYӟLVӭFNKӓHQәLEұWQKѭOjPJLҧPFKROHVWHUROPiX, dX\WUuәQÿӏQKÿѭӡQJKX\ӃWFKӕQJWiREyQQJăQQJӯDEpRSKuJLҧPQJX\FѫPҳFEӋQKWLPPҥFKWK{QJTXDJLҧPcholesteroO WURQJ PiX WăQJ OӧL NKXҭQ WURQJ ÿѭӡQJ UXӝW WăQJ FѭӡQJ KӋ PLӉQGӏFK«[20]1KXFҫXWLrXWKөFKҩW[ѫKjQJQJj\FӫDFRQQJѭӡLSKөWKXӝFUҩWQKLӅX YjRWXӕLWiFYjJLӟLWtQKQăQJOѭӧQJWLrXKDRYjWKyLTXHQăQXӕQJ FӫDWӯQJ4XӕFJLD1ăPӪ\EDQ&KkXÆXÿѭDUDPӭFWLrXWKөFKҩW[ѫWKӵFSKҭPFKRFiFQѭӟFWKjQKYLrQWURQJNKӕLFӝQJÿӗQJFKXQJ&KkXÆXOjWӯ- 25,3g/ngày [21] USDA QăPNKX\ӃQQJKӏOѭӧQJ[ѫWLrXWKөOjJNFDOWUXQJEuQKÿӕLYӟLQJѭӡLWUѭӣQJWKjQKPӭFQăQJOѭӧQJWLrXWKөNFDOQJj\ÿӕLYӟLQӳYjNFDOQJj\ÿӕLYӟLQDPJLӟLQrQQKXFҫXWLrXWKөFKҩW[ѫNKX\ӃQQJKӏOjJQJj\ÿӕLYӟLQӳYjJQJj\ÿӕLYӟLQDP[22]7X\QKLrQWURQJWKӵFWӃNKҭXSKҫQăQWKѭӡQJtWFKҩW[ѫ7KӕQJNrWӯ-ӣ0ӻFKRWKҩ\JLiWUӏWUXQJEuQKWәQJOѭӧQJFKҩW[ѫ WLrXWKө OjJQJj\ÿӕLYӟLQDPYjJQJj\ÿӕLYӟLQӳ [23] 9uYұ\QKӳQJJLҧLSKiSJLDWăQJFKҩW[ѫWURQJNKҭXSKҫQăQXӕQJOjFҫQWKLӃW

NKyPFKҩW[ѫPjKӋYLVLQKYұWÿѭӡQJUXӝWFyWKӇVӱGөQJÿӇOrQPHQOjQKyPFKҩW[ѫWӕW&KҩW[ѫWDQPDQJOҥLQKLӅXOӧLtFKYӅVӭFNKӓHWKӇKLӋQӣKuQK

9 CKҩW[ѫKzDGR9SV lên men sinh acid làm JLҧPS+ P{LWUѭӡQJUXӝWJLjQrQGӉGjQJKzDWDQFKҩWNKRiQJOjPWăQJNKҧQăQJKҩSWKX

x CKҩW[ѫWDQJLӳEpRJLӳÿѭӡQJĈѭӡQJYjFKҩWEpROLrQNӃWYӟLFKҩW[ѫWKѭӡQJNK{QJKҩSWKөӣUXӝWQRQYjÿLYjRUXӝWJLjQѫLFK~QJÿѭӧFEjLWLӃWTXDSKkQJL~SJLҧPKҩSWKXOLSLGÿѭӡQJ'RÿyWiFGөQJWӕWÿӕLYӟLQKӳQJQJѭӡLFyEӋQKWLӇXÿѭӡQJWLPPҥFK

x TăQJEjLWLӃWDFLGPұWGRFKҩW[ѫWDQJLӳDFLGPұWYjNpRFK~QJEjLWLӃWTXDSKkQ9LӋFJLҧPD[LWPұWWUӣOҥLJDQYjJLҧPKҩSWKXFKROHVWHURO GүQÿӃQJLҧPKjPOѭӧQJFKROHVWHUROWURQJWӃEjRJDQ*LҧPFKROHVWHUROWURQJJDQWK~Fÿҭ\ORҥLEӓFKROHVWHUROOLSRSURWHLQWӍWUӑQJWKҩS/'/