Presentation- Questionnaire- Research methodology in social science

Bài thuyết trình nhóm môn Research methodology in social science, ngành Ngôn Ngữ Anh, nội dung về Questionnaire và một số đánh giá cụ thể đối với một bảng câu hỏi. Bài thuyết trình được đầu tư kĩ lưỡng, màu sắc rõ ràng, dễ nhìn, đạt điểm cao

Presenters:

1.

QUESTIONAI RE

TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR

Designing, Writing and Distributing

05

06

Good questionnaire

of the questionnair

e

01

Specifically in researches

1.1/ Definition of the

questionnaire:

● A questionnaire is a list of questions or items used

to gather data from respondents about their attitudes, experiences or opinions Questionnaires can be used to collect quantitative and qualitative information Questionnaires are commonly used in market research as well as in the social and health sciences.

1.2/ Purpose of the questionnaire in researches

 To extra data from responde nts (cheap, quick and effective

at collecting big data, research don’t have to be there to collect answer)

 To elicit answers to questions and schools to summarize the full arrangement of the respondents’ thoughts and ideas Can be mailed to responders while keep them anonymity.

 Give respondents time to look at the answers carefully

without interruption from

 Each respondent receives a set of similar questions

( For closed form questions, the answers are standardized,

=> Help in translating from a large number of respondents)

 Can deal with a large number of problems and troubling questions effectively, with the potential for high response

 Helps to save time, money and energy

1.2/ Purpose of the questionnaire in researches

Classification

of questionnair

e

02

2/Classification of questionnaires in research

● There are two main types of questionnaires and

the one you will use depends on the type of

information you want and the purpose of the

questionnaires

Unstructured Structured Semi- structured

Types of questionnaires

Open Ended

Completely Unstructured

Completely Unstructured

Thematic Apperception test

Thematic Apperception test

Word AssociateSentence, Story or Picture

Sentence, Story or Picture

Close Ended

Dichotomous (Two category)

Dichotomous (Two category)

Multiple Choice

Multiple Choice

Mix

Semi- structured

2.1 OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS

(UNSTRUCTURED)

● Allow responder to express feelings and opinions openly

(might record details not in predetermined)

● Lack of options = avoiding selecting and getting real responses

2.2 CLOSE–ENDED QUESTIONS

(STRUCTURED)

● Organized questions have many opinions as answer

and ask respondents to select one or more of the

answers

● These questions are obvious and are often prepared in

advance to provide the answers and the more details

for the respondent

Exploratory

questionnaire

(qualitative)

Semi-structured questionnaire

Formal standardized questionnaire

Exploratory

questionnaire

(qualitative)

Semi-structured questionnaire

Formal standardized questionnaire (quantitative)

Informal questionnaires

Used to collect quality

data which is data that

can be viewed and

recorded but not

- Less formal interviews:

only some questions determined and asked by all sample respondents, while others emerge in the open flow.

- Make a combination of closed and open questions

Structured questionnaires

- To collect quantitative data with recorded information

- The data cannot be quantified = can be used for statistical analysis

“how much \how often …?”

Structure of

a questionnair

e

03

• Label response options for coding

• Instruct participants to circle, not tick

• Label response options for coding

• Instruct participants to circle, not tick

Personal information

General instruction

Personal informationPART 3 STRUCTURE OF QUESTIONNAIRE

1 • Identify the goal

4.1 Designing Questionnaire

This should be the focal point of your questionnaire

- What kind of information do you want to gather?

- What is your main objective?

- Develop 1 or several hypotheses that you want to test

1 Identify the goal

4.1 Designing Questionnaire

- Depend on the information

- Each type of Q includes pros & cons

2 Choose question type(s)

4.1 Designing Questionnaire

- Write succinct & simple Qs

- Ask only Q at a time

- Be ware of asking for private or

Clear, concise, direct

3 Develop questions

- Only include Q that are directly

useful to your research Q

- Avoid asking redundant Qs

4 • Restrict the length

4.1 Designing Questionnaire

Keep it as concise as possible while collecting the information

5 Identify the target demographic

4.1 Designing Questionnaire

6 Ensure to protect privacy

4.1 Designing Questionnaire

Make plan to protect respondents’ privacy

Writing

questionnai

re

1 Introduce yourself

2 Explain the purpose of questionnaire

3 Reveal what will happen with the data you collect

4 Describe any incentives that may be involved

5 Estimate how long the questionnaire is taken

6 Make sure the questionnaire looks professional

4.2 Writing Questionnaire

• Always proof read.

4.2 Writing Questionnaire

• Time yourself taking

the survey

Give participants monetary, desired prizes, gift certificates,

- Was it easy to understand?

- Was it easy to access?

- Do you feel it was worth your time?

- Were you comfortable answering the questions asked?

- Are there any improvements you would make to the questionnaire?

- Was it easy to understand?

- Was it easy to access?

- Do you feel it was worth your time?

- Were you comfortable answering the questions asked?

- Are there any improvements you would make to the questionnaire?

4.3 Distributing Questionnaire

- Ask someone to take Q

- Revise if necessary

Determine what is the

best way to disseminate your Q

4.3 Distributing Questionnaire

Characteristics

of good

questionnaire

05

5 Characteristics of good questionnaire:

It should be valid , reliable , clear , succinct and interesting

It is important to design the questionnaire based on a conceptual framework, scrutiny each question for relevance and clarity, and think of the analysis you are going to perform at the end of the day.

5 Characteristics of good questionnaire: What makes a good question?

Depends on the context in which it's asked

A good question is

1.You have a good reason for asking

2.The information expected from the answer should guide in the effort you're trying to

accomplish

The way to destroy the accuracy of your survey results is to ask the wrong

questions. So, if you want accurate survey results, you need to know how to spot

5 Characteristics of good questionnaire:

A good questionnaire includes:

1.The question deals with an important or significant topic

2.The length of questionnaire should be short as possible, only long enough to get the essential data

3.The language used should be easy and simple

4.The questionnaire should be constructed for a specific period of time

5 Characteristics of good questionnaire:

A good questionnaire includes:

5 It seeks only that data which can not be obtained from the resources like books, reports and records

6 Directions are clear and complete, important terms are clarified;

7 The questions are objectives with no clues, hints or suggestions;

8 Questions are presented in a order from simple to complex;

- The answers should be short and simple.

- These answers should be accurate

- The answers should be direct one

- The answers should be relevant to the

Types of bad

questionnair

e

06

Type of bad questionnaire

Loaded /Assumptive questions

Double negativ es

barreled questions

Double-Poor answer

scale options

What are bad questionnaires?

opportunity to understand the responders

experience.

1 Leading questions

● Sway user to answer a question one way or another,

leaving no room for objectivity

● Frame the question in a positive or negative light

Ex: How awesome is [teacher] ?

Manipulative Bias

Overly positive

Fix:

- Phrase questions

objectively, neutral tone

- Provide answer scales

with equally balanced negative and positive options

2 Loaded/Assumptive questions

● Contains an assumption about habits or perceptions

Þ inadvertently end up agreeing or disagreeing with an implicit

Ex: Question 1: Do you enjoy

after school classes ?

-Assuming all student take

after school classes

Question 0: Do you take after school

classes ? ( If no , skip question 1)

3 Double-barreled questions

Convoluted /complex question involving multiple issues

=> Difficult time answering either one honestly

overcomplicate

=> Less confusion, interpret result more accurately

Pro ble

m 1

Problem 2

Question 1: Problem 1 Question 2: Problem 2

TESOL?

5 Double negatives

● Two negatives in the same sentence

Example: “Don’t not write clearly”

Identify

Looking for “ no ” or “ not ” paired with the following

types of words:

• No/not with “un-” prefix words

(also in-, non-, and mis-)

• No/not with negative adverbs

(scarcely, barely, or hardly)

• No/not with exceptions (unless + except)

Fix

Rephrase the Q with

positive or neutral version

of the phrase

6 Poor answer scale options

Answer options can cause bias (when not using number as scale)

Identify

 Mismatched answer scale example:

Satisfaction questionnaire Answer: Yes | No

 Overlap answer (A 0-1 time | B 1-2 times | C 2-3 times | D

More than 3 times)

(A Computer | B Mobile Phone | C Tablet | D iPad)

 Unbalance scale : Satisfaction questionnaire scale: Okay |

Fixed answer scale: scale 1 – Strongly disagree | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 – Agree

Overly Positive

6 Poor answer scale options

Fix

 Cover all the likely use cases

 Double check your survey answer

option functionality

 Use balanced scales

7 Confusing answer scale

7 Confusing answer scale formatting

Fix

 Accounting to the device

screen and width

 Write the scale of

postitive / negative

DIRECTLY on the option

Bad questionnaire review

1 Don’t lead the witness: avoid leading questions

2 Don’t make assumptions: avoid loaded questions

3 Don’t overload your questions: avoid double-barreled

questions

4 Don’t use confusing language: avoid jargon

5 Do write clearly: avoid double-negatives

6 Do check your answers: sync your answer scales to the

question

7 Do consider the user experience: format your surveys for all

07

Specifically in researches

Example 1

• EXAMPLES OF GOOD - BAD QUESTIONNAIRES

This research paper investigates if the linguistic and cultural diversity that characterizes the population of Greek State Schools has affected ELT teachers’ perceptions with regard to their role and teaching practices.

These questions are brief and concise They provide

respondents with a fixed set of answer options they

can choose from.

The "Other“ category in question 4 is useful The researcher might analyze them and introduce an extra-named category.

Question 5 is brief and concise They provide respondents with a fixed set of answer options they can choose from.

Question 6, the answers make respondents be

confused a bit For example, if their choice is 15%

or 25%, they will not know which one to choose It

=> The

“Don't know" option allows respondents not to be forced to answer the question.

Question 5

is brief and concise.

Questions 1 to 4 are double-barrelled questions with

many phrases

The paper investigates students' perspectives towards peer

review on enhancing their

motivation to complete English writing tasks.

Example 2:

Should not use negative questions

Questions 5 and 8 are double-barrelled questions.

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