PETROVIETHAM VIETNAM OIL AND GAS GROUP = About Instructor PETROVIETNAM UNIVERSITY * Current job position: Lecturer of Petroleum faculty, Oil Refining & Petrochemical PetroVietnam University Overview ¢ Working experiences: Teaching in Refining & Gas processing Introduction & Overview of refinery Education: configuration * 2008: MA & BA Petrorefining & Petrochemical Lecturer : Duong Chi Trung, PhD Technology, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Email : trungdc@pvu.edu.vn Gas, Russia * 2012: Ph.D, Petrorefining & Petrochemical Technology, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Russi@® Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry ‹@ 2 SF COURSE OBJECTIVES = OUTLINE When you complete this module you will be able: “Overview of crude oil and petroleum products * To know about Crude oil and discuss the properties that > Crude oil > Petroleum products distinguish different grades of crude oil «Overview of refinery configuration * To define the typical products of refining and_ their > Objective of refinery specifications > Factors influencing refining * To understand refining processes meeting consumer demand > Crude oil quality > Products & Environmental regulations * To grasp the role of various processing units in a refinery > Reformulation of petroleum fuels * To describe the main manufacturing schemes encountered in oil refining * To describe about the main refining processes and _ their operating characteristics Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 3 Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 4 SH OUTLINE (CONT.) “Ể” THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY >» Refinery schemes UPSTREAM OIL& GAS > General > The future evolution of the refineries tn MIDSTREAM > Trends in developing of petroleum refining Sainte tồn “Overview of petroleum refining processesề Field Development DOWNSTREAM Production Operations Manufacturing > Crude distillation processer= rosea ti _ Whdeniceinicae > Conversion processes: Fluid catalytic cracking, SUPPORTING Storage & Distribution hydrocracking, coking & visbreaking process INDUSTRIES >» Upgrading Processes: hydrotreating, catalytic reforming, alkylation & isomerization process The Oil & Gas Industry Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 5 Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 6 SF THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY “$$~ PROCESSING CRUDE OIL IN THE OIL PATCH ad te) Scie Mamata A produ 7 “wala , ` eins tieu deliveries — Natural gas C=nhb Crude oil * xu ee - * ‘stafion Separator Fuxler Gas plant | PrPoroppeanne NGLs storage and Oz + Butane — Bulk storage facility ương at Ệ Ga“nh lai Condensate 7 Natural he—¬ TA HH gasoline Tàn ars Home Heating Oil F— —¬ & (cot fom) Ls il wel Crude Crude and Condensate Gas an wt Storage facility (tank farm) oil (i) Local gasoline offloaded fram for direct-served user such delivery mu ee The Oil & Gas Industry Processing hydrocarbons in the oil patch Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 7 Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 8 SH REFINING? SF REFINING? Refining has to transform crude oils into Petroleum products Crude oil ees =—Petroleum Products (C, H, O,N, S, > Gas Metals : Ni, V) > Gasoline > Jet fuel > Diesel fuel >» Bitumen > Nia © Low sity coment agai Quả, “ mò, # em Nị Catalytic Thermal Processes Processes teres san en: e Ges Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 9 Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 10 SF REFINING? Ÿ” CRUDE OILS * Refining began as_ simple Crude Oil: (550°C* boiling distillation processes 29 2,2 sS=e=m=im, ~~ COMPleX mix: ture of hydrocarbons š == Bota Ta @ Dissolved gases to non-volatiles * Must use additional ~" ) BS material) s==es and equipment : in order to Hot (350°C) * C1 to C90+ produce the mix of products Composition: that the market demands * Minimizes the production of heavier, lower value products (residual fuel oil ) in favor.of lighter, higher value products (gasoline ) ¢ Over 700 refineries in the world ‘Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 11 ‘Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 12 ol Hydrocarbons CRUDE OILS = te 2 CRUDE OILS b — N-PARAFFINS — butane — Straight chain alcanes — l Cc 4 P (isWopMaraRffin) Baling point Ce (n-paralfin) ne - aipeciam dÌŠ „ 0664 +t Methane | Cy ® chy Cee8 ers 204 A) 10 Ethane | Co | rg: [ Calle | tp are GAS ine dhỖ 0.658 52078 — diÖ- 0884 Propane | c C3 | 13 bae a —~ 120 Or„g4 |Sillhs | bp na °C 9,15 gan (n-paraffin) oC 4 Butane | C4 | ven 10 Cg Ogg [Cutio | mac — walf-osss Qdhdem Sea Pentane | C5 (isoparaffin) Banchednaphhene .cc [ CsHi2 | bp=+360 “g5 A81 (naphthene) (aromatic) én >t D Hexane | Cg sa 15 n-paraffine os ca 2+ K = sSiquide 0.792 ái ớc sư bê Heptane C7 | GaGa | Clic | _ Octane Nha a.s2 aaaa¬ a 1 sAaS: Wonane | Cg “ta 2ằẲằsodoodo E XS More than A Ơn 3 3 3 ° F— bp 267°C 14 — C16| « ‘ s s PL | PT ms 180 ( 300000 mơ: c 20 & Š Peg ene i Cạo b| €z02 | ` mp- sec ễ i wuesuss| cao | ng ¬ Duong Chi Trung, PhD ph : (originof coke) Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry Introduction to petroleum industry = CRUDE OILS “= CRUDE OILS Categorization of crude oil : hydrocarbon content, Categorization of crude oil : hydrocarbon content, API density, sulfur content API density, sulfur content Classification by hydrocarbon content Classification by hydrocarbon content Hydrocarbon Average Range Paraffin CYCloparaffin A-omatics Olefin (Naphthene) Alkanes 30% 15 to 60% Naphthenes 49% 30 to 60% * Small quantity in crude oil 3 to 30% Aromatics 15% h Miee HEIIY re : * Large quantity remainder produced during Quantity 2nd processing of Asphaltics 6% Naphtha Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 15 Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 16 SH CRUDE OILS CRUDE OILS Categorization of crude oil : API density, sulfur content, * Classification by API Density hydrocarbon content The American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity is an American * Classification by hydrocarbon content standard measurement of petroleum density High value of API density stands for light petroleum Type Characteristics API gravity = 141.5/SG - 131.5 Paraffinic Paraffinic crude contains paraffin hydrocarbon as a API Density >35 35 ~ 26 < 26 major component, which has low octane number Class Light crude Medium crude Heavy crude Naphthenic and high cetane number High paraffin wax and Mixture less asphaltis included Naphthenic crude contains naphthenic hydrocarbon aS a major component, which has high octane number of gasoline and low cetane number of diesel High quantity of asphalt is included Most of the crude oil produced in the world belongs to this category Crude oil from Middle east has mixture crude Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 17 Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 18 CRUDE OILS “+ DISTILLATION CURVES * Classification by Sulfur Content Harmful to human, accelerates corrosion, deactivate catalyst in reactor, air pollutant when exhausted after combustion 80% of world crude Typical crude oil consists of 0,5-5wt% of sulfur About oil are sour Sulfur Content 1% High Sulfur Boiling water Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 19 Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 20 DISTILLATION CURVES SF DISTILLATION CURVES 750°y 900° ym eS -s CRUDE OIL BOILS AT 180°F AND 450°F AND 750°F AND 900°F Boiling crude oil Boiling crude oil Introduction to petroleum industry Duong Chi Trung, PhD 21 Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 22 DISTILLATION “+ CURVES “Ÿ” FRACTION 1000 1000 5 900 * — g00 Residuum g 000 T1 *= 60 = 6 Gas Oil aa 5 - S00 g 400 ø Ệ L1 Kerosene § =§ 400 er Naphtha 200 E 300 Gasoline & 200 Oa Hổ L——— 3 100 0 Butanes and lighter CUMULATIVE PERCENT VOLUME 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Crude oil distillation curve Cumulative Percent Volume of Crude Oil Crude oil distillation curve and its fractions Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 23 Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 24 CUTTING CRUDES “7” PETROLEUM PRODUCTS t000/F——TT—T TT FT Vi] « Each petroleum product is made of hydrocarbons with well defined boiling range SCE eit tt / so|——| —| | | — * The boiling range is linked with the end use constraints ee f Example: Gasoline 0-200°C BOILING TEMPERATURES °F + |} |- | "rAwenne-> 1/ Must not vaporize to easily > no very high products (bp < 0°C) , 2/ Must have a good vaporization in the engine — no heavy products (bp > 200°C) Số | Le CAND wot [ | | _|_ 5 12 * The boiling range corresponds to a range of number of carbon atoms in the HC, composing the petroleum product stam | | * The petroleum products are usually classified in four categories by their xam.anm4 : : || boiling range: «GAS (C and C, also called LPG: liquified petroleum gas) _ A *GASOLINES «MIDDLE DISTILLATES: kerosene, gas oils 100 | is II bị oe : | *RESIDS: heavy fuel oil, bitumen, 10 ar: so 50 60 70 80 90 100 CUMULATIVE PERCENT VOLUME Kerosene fraction in two types of crude Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 25 Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 26 “+Prii mary products PETROLEUM PRODU cis “€ˆ Major quality aspects of main petroleum of the refiï n.ery: Ca Liquefied Petroleum s3 hts ton Volatility 4 tS E12) OCTANE NUMBERS == cy Case of starting, engine warm-up, rate of JET FUEL -100 ‘engine fouling ‘Antik DIESEL FUEL caanet _ ERE] rma — + — Emissions — Safety considerations og —s % Sulfur FUELoSeOILS Compestien > |I H H~c|—n | H1 Wyse Hlà SPENT : H-C-H H-—-C-H cavatyst =s [PO ⁄ 1 -_-_-_- - RISER H H- é -H Isobutane Propylene 1 Isoheptane (CaH10) H (CzH:e) catalyst = / T =srran | (CoHe) YY ‘STEAM HEATED AIR FCC Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 39 Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 40 “c REFINERY SCHEMES — THE EVOLUTION Se* , REFINERY SCHEMES — THE EVOLUTION Deep Characteristics Characteristics includes the “hydro skimming” processes Conver > upgrading the bottom of barrel with: hydroconversion, V v sion deasphalting, coking of vacuum residue > includes thermal and catalytic conversion processes(FCC and Visbreaking) production of clean middle distillate via hydrocracking of Conventional vacuum residue and hydrotreated gas oil straight run Conversion >» reduced heavy oil from 45wt% to less 25wt% hydrorefining (HDS, HDN, metal removal) of residues (First-step >» increases production of gasoline (Fluid Catalytic Cracking-FCC) production of gasoline via FCC from hydroconverted conversion residues » there are installed processes for reformulated refinery) gasoline are installed reformulated gasoline processes (alkylation, polymerization, -Alkylation of light alkenes with isobutane isomerization, etherification) around FCC minimizing heavy fuel oil production (less than 10 wt%) -Polymerization of light alkenes V v maximizing the flexibility gasoline/gas oil production -lsomerization of Cz-Cạ paraffin's additional hydrogen production from partial oxidation or steam reforming; for a large quantity of Diesel oil, the > for a large quantity of Diesel oil, the FCC unit FCC unit has to be replaced with Hydrocracking unit has to be replaced with Hydrocracking unit Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 61 -Duong-Chi- Trung, PAD— —tntroduction-to petroleum industry- 62 “+ REFINERY SCHEMES — THE EVOLUTION * , Fe REFINERY SCHEMES — THE EVOLUTION Yields in residue(wt%) with average crude oil ft 2 mm mem] Refinery Fost Hydroskimming | Atmosferic Distillation 45% Catalytic Reforming Hydrodesulfurisation Conventional Conversion 20-25 % 10-15 % Vacuum Distillation Gasoline Catalytic Cracking Reformulation Hydrocracking Isomerisation Alkylation Visbreacking Oligomerisation Etherification Deep Convertion Deasphalting Coking Hydrotreatment Hydroconversion Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 63 Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 64 SH OVERVIEW OF BINH SON REFINERY SF OVERVIEW OF BINH SON REFINERY + Location: Binh Son District, Quang Ngai Province, Viet Nam + Total area : Approximately 956 ha (inclusive 140 ha for future expansion) of which 485 ha of land surface and 471 ha of sea surface + Capacity: 6.5 million tonnes of crude oil per year (equivalent to 148,000 barrels/day) + Feedstock: - First phase: Processing of 100% Bach Ho Crude Oil - Vietnam (or equivalent crude oil) - Second phase: Processing of sour crude oil Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 65 Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 66 *—— _ OVERVIEW OF BINH SON REFINERY “£€” OVERVIEW OF NSRP REFINERY ¡09+£6 E221: Lm ¡> B#BERS) + Location: Nghi Son, Tỉnh Gia District, Thanh Hoa LPG _ _ iN LP Province ¬ Treated H Reform: Mogas 92/83 -_ Capacity: 200,000 BPSD of crude oi; ¬ Ketesene 3| — teo | ty} Ki » JEÃT< * Source of crude oil: imported Kuwait Export Crude | Kerosene - (KEC) oil = RFCC Na | ¢ Products include: Resde | BEGG} f [nu | | > Auto/ind Diesel = LPG, Gasoline — 92/ 95 RON, Kerosene / Jet A-1, Diesel BGO FO ~ -Premium and Regular, Paraxylene / Benzene, Polypropylene, Sulphur (Solid) Note : Stabiliser and Naphtha Splitter are parts of CDU Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 67 Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 68 SH OVERVIEW OF NSRP REFINERY là “6 OVERVIEW OF NSRP REFINERY + NSRP refinery configuration : Refinery Fue! * Crude Distillation Unit 5Ö GasPlant ¢ Kerosene Hydrodesulphuriser Unit Gas Oil HydrodesulphurisUenirt Residue Hydrodesulphuriser Unit Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracker Unit Naphtha and Aromatics Complex Indirect Alkylation Unit « Hydrogen Manufacturing Unit ¢ Polypropylene Unit Refinery Fuel ¢ Offsite units and Utilities system Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 69 Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 70 cerairail der ee Seal ey INTRODUCTION TO NATURAL GAS IPvu | PETROVIETNAM UNIVERSITY Natural gas? Predominant component is methane INTRODUCTION TO PETROLEUM Decreasing concentration of higher order paraffin INDUSTRY hydrocarbons Overview gas processing and Saturated with water vapor at wellhead condition conditioning Mixed with impurities CO,, H2S, Hg Lecturer : Duong Chi Trung, PhD Email : trungdc@pvu.edu.vn Duong Chi Trung, PhD Introduction to petroleum industry 72 = INTRODUCTION TO NATURAL GAS tp