Report Smart Lighting Control System Of The Building To Save Energy.pdf

HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYREPORT Smart Lighting Control System Of The Building To Save Energy Duong Quoc Tuan Tuan.DQ212427@sis.hust.edu.vn Hoang Duc Viet Viet.HD202779@s

HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

REPORT

Smart Lighting Control System Of The

Building To Save Energy

Duong Quoc Tuan

Tuan.DQ212427@sis.hust.edu.vn

Hoang Duc Viet

Viet.HD202779@sis.hust.edu.vn

Instructor: Dinh Thi Lan Anh

Subject: Introduction of Electrical Engineering

Department: Automation

Singnature of Instructor

HANOI, Jan 2024

In Europe the amount of electrical energy used in lighting the interiors of medium and large buildings is considerable of about 40% Energy saving actions could follow two basic directions: efficiency and effectiveness: efficiency, by new more performing equipment (lamps, control gear, etc.) and by utilization of improved lighting design practices (localized task lighting systems); effectiveness by improvements in lighting control systems to avoid energy waste and by adopting a technical building management system (maintenance and metering) By controlling the lighting in such a way that the lighting level is always accurately matched to the actual need allows to save on the energy costs and to improve human comfort and efficiency Establishing an integrated lighting control concept is a very important part of the lighting design process Directly controlling and managing energy consumption it is possible to reach high effectiveness in energy management

Keywords: lighting systems; building automation; energy management

TABLE OF CONTENT

I INTRODUCTION 1

II CONTROL STRATEGIES 2

2.1 Definitions 2

2.2 Metering by ICT 3

2.3 Daylighting 4

2.4 Centralized switching scheduling 4

2.5 Automatic mode (daylighting, occupancy, luminance control, zoning) 4

2.6 Scenario Mode 5

2.7 Manual Mode (Override) 5

III LIGHTING CONTROL ARCHITECTURE 7

3.1 Architecture 7

3.2 Control Techniques 7

3.3 Supvervisory System 9

IV TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS 9

4.1 Building Management System (BMS) 9

4.2 Application BMS In Lighting Control 10

4.3 KNX System In Lighting 11

V CONCLUSIONS 14

REFERENCES 1

I INTRODUCTION

In Europe the amount of the electrical energy used in illuminating the interiors of medium and large buildings is considerable of about 40% In recent years the European Union EU has actively promoted political campaigns toward energy efficiency [1]

The energy (W) spent in illuminating the interior of a building is equal to:

W =PN × t [kWh](1 where:

PN is the total installed lighting power [kW]

t is the operating time [hours]

The rational use of energy for lighting systems consists in the adoption of active and passive measures to reduce energy consumed by the system without reducing performance, even increasing comfort and safety

Two strategies are available to reduce energy spent by lighting systems: efficiency and effectiveness

The efficiency could be improved by adopting new equipment (lamps, control gear, etc.) with high performance and by arranging lighting design practices (localized task lighting systems) to guarantee the best illuminance level

The effectiveness could be improved by adopting lighting automatic control systems to avoid energy waste or unoccupied and daylight hours and by adopting a Technical Building Management System (TBMS) Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) allow pursuit of intelligent Building Management System (BMS); they provide complex and integrated energy saving functions based on the actual use

of a building, depending on the user’s real needs to avoid unnecessary energy use and they offer data and diagnostic for operation and maintenance The key to design

an integrated lighting system is the electric lighting control strategy An appropriate light control system improves the operating efficiency of a building by combining the electric lighting with daylighting and real presence of personnel

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II CONTROL STRATEGIES

2.1 Definitions

An appropriate electric lighting control concept for a daylight-building consists

of a group of components coherent and integrated in a certain sequence The two main components are: the integrated lighting control zones and the control strategy for each zone This report concentrates on identifying the integrated lighting control strategy in rooms, taking into consideration the available daylight and the actual occupancy of persons in each zone of the classroom, from that the system will be applied for all room of the building

For a lighting system, we suggest the following definitions:

- Control techniques - how the adjustment is made of luminous flux;

- Control actions – how the control technique is implemented;

- Control modes –how the control action works;

- Control strategies- what purpose it must pursue the control system;

The main strategies of the Smart Lighting Control could be classified in:

1) zoning: to subdivide the classroom in different zones with different uses (i.e corridor zone, working zone, hardworking zone, etc.) and with different lux values; 2) scheduling: to schedule the general on/off switching by a remote controller using time signals;

3) daylighting: to regulate the electric lights according to the real available

daylighting in the room;

4) occupancy: to switch on/off automatically the lights according to the real presence

of persons;

5) luminance control: to regulate the electric lights in order to guarantee

continuously a prospected illuminance value on the task plane, compensating for light losses due to lumen depreciation

6) remoting: to monitor and control the lighting system by remote supervisory system;

7) integrating: to integrate the lighting control system with HVAC (heating,

ventilation, air conditioned) control and with solar blinds

8) metering: to meter continuously energy consumptions

Considering the BMS (BACS and TBM), equation (1) becomes:

W =(kp× PN)×(kt× t F × P)= N×t [kWh 2](

where:

kp is a correction factor of time reduction

kt is a correction factor of power reduction

F=kpkt is a global correction factor

It’s clear that significant energy savings are possible through the adoption of appropriate and properly designed systems of control and regulation (figure 1) The purpose of a lighting control system is to allow the power of intelligent control systems and taking into account any gains / benefits from outside to meet the actual needs of the occupants of the environment by reducing energy consumption to that minimum

2.2 Metering by ICT

Directly controlling and managing energy consumption, ICTs can enable effectiveness in the areas with the highest energy consumption Recent studies [2] indicate that this capacity can be exploited to reduce up to 17% the energy consumption of buildings in the EU and to reduce up to 27% carbon emissions in transport logistics Smart metering by ICT in buildings offer a dual function:

- can help increase energy efficiency by reducing the amount of energy needed to provide a specific service

- can provide the quantitative basis for design, implement and evaluate strategies for energy efficiency

They also offer the opportunity to develop applications and software tools that allow it to meet the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive [3]

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2.3 Daylighting

Many reasons can be put forward to justify using daylight as a light source in a building: energy savings first of all but also the desire to have dynamic natural daylight, the quality of the light, view out, etc

Daylighting control principles have two major lines of actions passive and active: directing diffuse daylight delivery into interior spaces improving the depth of the daylight area (passive measure) and the control of electric lighting output in response to the available daylight (active measure) Two indirect but important goals for a good daylighting are also: - use fixed architectural elements that require minimal or not adjustment or special maintenance, - avoid heating and (especially) cooling penalties to either peak or total load conditions The key to design an integrated lighting system is the electric lighting control strategy An appropriate light control system improves the operating efficiency of a building by combining the electric lighting with daylighting and real presence of personnel (figure 1)

2.4 Centralized switching scheduling

The lighting system will be switched on/off in a general way through a command available to the staff of the building This command will be made with electronic key-operated switch inside the room and remotely by supervisory system

in the entrance control room

2.5 Automatic mode (daylighting, occupancy, luminance control, zoning)

When turned on the lights will be switched in automatic mode The system will operate with input signals from sensors placed in the field (luminance and presence sensors) Lights will be:

- Turned on (occupancy strategy) according to the actual presence in the room The room is divided into different zones (zoning strategy) with different design luminance level Figure 2 shows a case of an educational classroom with 3 zones: Zone 1 “student zone” is served by three control groups: GC1.1, GC1.2, GC1.3; zone

2 “teaching zone” by one control group GC2; zone 3 “corridor zone” by one control group GC3

2.6 Scenario Mode

The smart control will offer several scenarios activated by touch screen or manual pushbuttons, for example in case of slides projection The scenarios could be programmed during the startup up process

2.7 Manual Mode (Override)

The system is completed by pushbuttons to manage manually the lighting system

It is possible:

-To force on or off (override) the status of single lighting groups

-To manage directly the system in manual mode excluding the automatic mode The automatic, manual and scenario modes could be enabled by the general supervisory system (figure 3)

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Figure 3 Schemes of a smart lighting control concept.

III LIGHTING CONTROL ARCHITECTURE

3.1 Architecture

The control could be organized according to the HBES standards (EN 50110) adopting a KNX system HBES systems are with "distributed intelligence" as each device is properly programmed, it has an "address" unique in the whole system needed to be recognized as the recipient of the message, scheduled to make an accurate function, according to an expected mode, with another component of the system established by the program

The system is programmable by a PC software system (ETS mode) The operation of the system is independent of the presence of a PC or a supervisory system and therefore it ensures high reliability In fact, each component of the system has electronic elements in which contains all information relevant to the very functioning of the device In this way it is not necessary to have a central (industrial PLC) to coordinate communication between devices and for managing the entire operation of the system The lack of a central element is an undoubted advantage for the continuity of service; any failure on a device only creates the inefficiency of the device in question, while the rest of the plant continues to operate normally

The system thus created is expected to support the system for manual control by local control (generic buttons) or remote controls (buttons or touch screen) and a manual or automatic programmed scenarios described above

The system will consist of:

- power supply KNX system and other KNX devices;

- input devices as interfaces of sensors and KNX system and output device (actuators) to switch the luminaries;

- occupancy sensors and daylighting sensors interfaced with the KNX system using the input devices

3.2 Control Techniques

The illuminance level in a room or in a zone of a room can be controlled by one

or a combination of the following control techniques:

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Switching mode - The light output of an installation can be adjusted step-by-step

to the required level The control could be arranged by switching of single luminaires, group of luminaires, individual lampsor in a multi-lamp luminaire Switching individual lamps by remotely interruption of hot conductors (by switch, relays or BUS actuators), could have the consequence to complicate excessively the wiring and the components (Figure 4)

Figure 4 Multilamps luminaires controlled by remote switch, relays or BUS

actuators

Dimming mode - The light output is continuously variable Present-day dimmers use phase-control circuits to vary the conducting period of each half-cycle of lamp current Such circuits are virtually free from power losses Really the power versus flux curves of dimmable ballasts show a nonlinear behavior Luminaires with dimmable electronic control gear are controlled by:

- 1-10V analogic system that offer a regulation of blocks/rows of luminaires;

- Addressable BUS systems that offer a single luminaire or single lamp

regulation

Figure 5 Multilamps luminaires controlled by locally BUS actuators

3.3 Supvervisory System

The scheme could be completed by a smart metering system and a general supervisory system

All the metering, command, regulation, occupancy, luminance, daylight signals will be stored and managed by the supervisory system to realize a database useful for the Building Management System BMS

By the supervisory system it will be possible also control the switching and the regulations

For each room it will be possible to show in real time:

- The real presence of activity;

- The real energy consumed by the lightings;

The supervisory system data will be collected in a web page

IV TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS

4.1 Building Management System (BMS)

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Building Management System (BMS) is a smart building management technology that allows you to control, monitor technical equipment, operate electricity, water, air conditioning, ventilation, security, fire protection, synchronization of activities taking place in the building

BMS is a system with the following functions:

- Maintain smart devices in the building in an efficient state;

- Ability to control applications on the system by controlling over the network system;

- Fire protection systems, security, Connected via an extended interface with international languages to ensure convenient control;

- Check the condition of the environment and air in the building;

- Report, synthesize information related to the building;

- Issue timely warnings before incidents occur;

- Support backup, drafting programs and data of the building;

4.2 Application BMS In Lighting Control

In lighting systems, BMS (Building Management System) or also known as building management system, can be used to control and manage lighting fixtures