International business module topic research the political system of the usa

NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY GROUP ASSIGNMENTS INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MODULE Topic: Research the political system of the USA Group – Advanced International Business Administration 62C GROUP Student’s name Student’s ID 4 Lương Đỗ Quỳnh Anh Lê Thị Tuyết Anh Nguyễn Hồng Quỳnh Nguyễn Thị Hồng Phượng Nguyễn Phương Anh Lê Xuân Tùng 11204337 11200157 11206748 11206653 11200248 11207371 th ASSIGNING TASKS TO GROUP MEMBER Individual task’s tracking board and comments Student’s name Lương Đỗ Quỳnh Anh Task assigned Build content and present Completion progress Finishes all the tasks on time, manages (Leader) structure Roles of politicians, lobbyers, and media, slides Present group assignments all the tasks to be submitted, tracks group member’s completion progress, does all paper’ works and be the last to review group assignments including Lê Thị Tuyết Anh The way a law has passed both content and slides Has the responsible for the oriented in the USA Nguyễn Hồng Quỳnh Nguyễn Thị Hồng Phượng Nguyễn Phương Anh Lê Xuân Tùng The way a law has passed in the USA’s slides content, spends much time on doing research and submits tasks on time Does presentation slides about “The way a law has passed in the USA” on Present group assignments History of the founding of the USA Background of the time and be positive on the meetings Missed the deadlines and did not really complete the given tasks Both content and slides did not reach group’s quality American political system And slides The American voting system and slides so that they still need a lot of corrections Be supportive and positive when giving ideas and comments on the Present group assignments History of the founding of the USA group tasks Finishes given tasks on time and tries her best researching info Missed the deadlines but did a great job researching and briefing content Background of the American political system about the given tasks Has supportive attitudes and gives comments on group And slides work GROUP NOTES: Each group member has carefully researched their given tasks and made their own presentation slides related to the topic The whole group has scheduled meetings on Teams in order to divide tasks equally and discussed how the group presentation would be organized Each member had put lots of effort on doing this group assignments about “The political system of the USA” so that the presentation can be well-prepared and as high quality as possible TABLE OF CONTENT AMERICAN POLITICAL SYSTEM History of the founding of the United State of America General overview of the US political system Foundations of the US political system Political Parties THE AMERICA’S VOTING SYSTEM Overview of elections in the United States Voting methods Features of the election system Levels of election 4 THE WAY A LAW HAS PASSED IN THE USA 12 How Laws are Made 12 The way a law has passed in the USA 12 The differences between the laws of VN and the laws of the USA14 ROLES OF POLITICIANS, LOBBYERS, AND THE MEDIA 17 Politicians and their functions 17 Lobbyers/ lobbies/ lobbyists and their duties The Media and its roles CONCLUSION 21 24 26 I AMERICAN POLITICAL SYSTEM History of the founding of the USA and background of the American political system - The United States of America (U.S.A or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S or US) or America, is a transcontinental country located primarily in North America It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 Indian reservations - The legal system in the United States is a common law system (with the exception of Louisiana, which has a mix of both civil and common law) - Although having a federal government with multiple parties, American politics have mostly been dominated by two major political parties (republican and democratic) a History of the founding of the United State of America In the late 16th century, England (British Empire), Kingdom of France, Spanish Empire, and the Dutch Republic launched major colonization programs in North America Successful colonies were established within several decades One of which was Jamestown in 1607  4/7/1776 marks the birth of the nation with the declaration of independence, legally separating the 13 colonies from British rule and establishing the USA  1787 is the year that the states send their representatives and form committees to decide on the constitution  1789 is the year that the first president of the US, George Washington was appointed and every state in the nation ratified the constitution while the first few states ratified back in 1788 b General overview of the US political system The U.S is a federal republic:  The federal government: established by the U.S constitution with the president, congress and court sharing the power of the federal government  States government: function below the level of the federal government over a defined territory c Foundations of the US political system  Popular sovereignty - Popular sovereignty is a doctrine rooted in the belief that each citizen has sovereignty over themselves Citizens may unite and offer to delegate a portion of their sovereign powers and duties to those who wish to serve as officers of the state, contingent on the officers agreeing to serve according to the will of the people  Separation of power Separation of powers is a doctrine of constitutional law under which the three branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) are kept separate This is also known as the system of checks and balances because each branch is given certain powers so as to check and balance the other branches Each branch has separate powers, and generally each branch is not allowed to exercise the powers of the other branches The Legislative Branch exercises congressional power, the Executive Branch exercises executive power, and the Judicial Branch exercises judicial review  Federation The US has a different system which is Federalism; it’s a system of shared power between two or more governments with authority over the same people and geographical area The federal government also acts as a figure to unite the states and the people together with a defined identity d Political Parties The most popular parties are the Democratic and the Republican party both of them make up for most of the vote from the general population American electoral politics have been dominated by two major political parties since shortly after the founding of the republic of the United States of America Since the 1850s, they have been the Democratic Party and the Republican Party Since the last major political realignment in the mid-20th century, the Democratic Party has been the center-left and liberal party, and the Republican Party has been the center-right and conservative party Some political candidates, and many voters, choose not to identify with a particular political party In some states, independents are not allowed to vote in primary elections, but in others, they can vote in any primary election of their choice  Democratic Party Founded by President Andrew Jackson and his supporters in 1828 He was President of the United States from 1829 to 1837 and to this day Americans consider Andrew Jackson to be the first Democratic President of the United States The Democratic Party is the oldest voter-based political party in the world and the oldest existing political party in the United States Known as the party of the "common man," the early Democratic Party stood for individual rights and state sovereignty but opposed banks and high tariffs The symbol of the Democratic Party is the image of the Donkey, and the color of the logo is Blue The position of the Democratic Party is considered liberal and supports civil liberties and social freedoms  Republican Party Founded in 1854 by a group of former members of the Whig Party with the principle of opposing slavery and tending to modernize America The Republican Party can also be referred to as the Grand Old Party (GOP), is one of the two major political parties in the United States The party focuses on minimizing interference or establishing government agencies to run, support a free-market economy and minimal government intervention in the economy In the modern day, its demographic base skews towards people living in rural areas, men, Southerners, and white Americans, particularly white evangelical Christians, and the white working class In recent years, the Republican Party has made gains among white working class and Hispanic voters while losing support among college-educated whites II THE AMERICA’S VOTING SYSTEM Overview of elections in the United States - Elections in the United States are held for government officials at the federal, state, and local levels At the federal level, the nation’s head of state, the president, is elected indirectly by the people of each state, through an Electoral College (The United States Electoral College is the group of presidential electors required by the Constitution to form every four years for the sole Document continues below Discover more from: Kinh doanh quốc tế KDQT1 Đại học Kinh tế Quốc dân 999+ documents Go to course Vợ nhặt - Đoạn trích Kinh doanh quốc tế 100% (61) Đề thi Kinh doanh quốc tế NEU Kinh doanh quốc tế 100% (11) Quan điểm toàn diện - nothing Kinh doanh quốc tế 100% (9) 22856309 cấu tổ chức cty đa quốc gia Nestle 25 Kinh doanh quốc tế 100% (9) Cơ cấu tổ chức chiến lược kinh doanh quốc tế Grab 52 Kinh doanh quốc tế 100% (8) Chiến lược cấu tổ chức kinh doanh quốc tế Apple 54 Kinh doanh quốc tế 100% (8) purpose of appointing the president and vice president.) Today, these electors almost always vote with the popular vote of their state All members of the federal legislature, the Congress, are directly elected by the people of each state There are many elected offices at the state level, each state having at least an elective governor and legislature There are also elected offices at the local level, in counties, cities, towns, townships, boroughs, and villages; as well as for special districts and school districts that may transcend county and municipal boundaries - While the United States Constitution does set parameters for the election of federal officials, state law, not federal, regulates most aspects of elections in the U.S., including primaries, the eligibility of voters (beyond the basic constitutional definition), the running of each state's electoral college, as well as the running of state and local elections All federal, state and local elections are administered by individual states Voting methods Voting systems used in each state: First past the post (FPTP) Two-round system (TRS) Instant-runoff voting (IRV) Louisiana primary Nonpartisan blanket primary and top two runoff general Nonpartisan blanket primary and top four instant-runoff general The most common method used in U.S elections is the first-past-the-post system, where the highest-polling candidate wins the election Under this system, a candidate only requires a plurality of votes to win, rather than an outright majority Some may use a two-round system, where if no candidate receives the required votes, then there is a runoff between the two candidates with the most votes Since 2002, several cities have adopted instant runoff voting in their elections Voters rank the candidates in order of preference rather than voting for a single candidate If a candidate secures more than half of the votes cast, that candidate wins Otherwise, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated Ballots assigned to the eliminated candidate are recounted and assigned to those of the remaining candidates who rank next in order of preference on each ballot This process continues until one candidate wins by obtaining more than half the votes In 2016, Maine became the first state to adopt instant-runoff voting (known in the state as rankedchoice voting) statewide for its elections, although due to state constitutional provisions, the system is only used for federal elections and state primaries Features of the election system a Multiple levels of regulation In the US, elections are conducted by local authorities, working under local, state, and federal law and regulations, as well as the US Constitution It is a highly decentralized system In around half of US states, the secretary of state is the official in charge of elections; in other states, it is someone appointed for the job or a commission It is this person or commission who is responsible for certifying, tabulating, and reporting votes for the state b Party systems Americans vote for a specific candidate instead of directly selecting a particular political party The United States Constitution has never formally addressed the issue of political parties Due to Duverger's law, the two-party system continued following the creation of political parties, as the first-past-the-post electoral system was kept Candidates decide to run under a party label, register to run, pay filing fees, etc The party organization stays neutral in the primary elections until one candidate has been elected c Ballot access Ballot access refers to the laws which regulate under what conditions access is granted for a candidate or political party to appear on voters' ballots Each state has its ballot access laws to determine who may appear on ballots and who may not According to Article I, Section 4, of the United States Constitution, the authority to regulate the time, place, and manner of federal elections is up to each State, unless Congress legislates otherwise Depending on the office and the state, it may be possible for a voter to cast a write-in vote for a candidate whose name does not appear on the ballot, but it is extremely rare for such a candidate to win office d Campaign finance The funding of electoral campaigns has always been a controversial issue in American politics Money contributed to campaigns can be classified into "hard money" and "soft money" Hard money is money contributed directly to a campaign, by an individual or organization Soft money is money from an individual or organization not contributed to a campaign but spent in candidate-specific advertising or other efforts that benefit that candidate by groups supporting the candidate, but legally not coordinated by the official campaign The Federal Election Campaign Act had changed over the years to avoid corruption in "soft money" Changing campaign finance laws is a highly controversial issue Some reformers wish to see laws changed to improve electoral competition and political equality Opponents wish to see the system stay as it is, whereas other reformers wish for even fewer restrictions on the freedom to spend and contribute money The Supreme Court has made it increasingly difficult for those who wish to regulate election financing, but options like partial public funding of campaigns are still possible and offer the potential to address reformers' concerns with minimal restrictions on the freedom to contribute e Primaries and caucuses In partisan elections, candidates are chosen by primary elections (abbreviated to "primaries") and caucuses in the states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, and the U.S Virgin Islands A primary election is an election in which registered voters in a jurisdiction (nominating primary) select a political party's candidate for a later election There are various types of primary: either the whole electorate is eligible, and voters choose one party's primary at the polling booth (an open primary), or only independent voters can choose a party's primary at the polling booth (a semi-closed primary); or only registered members of the party are allowed to vote (closed primary) Primaries are also used to select candidates at the state level, for example in gubernatorial elections Caucuses also nominate candidates by election, but they are very different from primaries Caucuses are meetings that occur at precincts and involve discussion of each party's platform and issues such as voter turnout in addition to voting A state's presidential primary election or caucus usually is indirect: it determines how many delegates each party's national political convention will receive from their respective state These delegates then in turn select their party's presidential nominee Held in the summer, a political convention's purpose is also to adopt a statement of the party's principles and goals known as the platform and adopt the rules for the party's activities The day on which primaries are held for congressional seats, and state and local offices may also vary between states The only federally mandated day for elections is Election Day for the general elections of the president and Congress; all other elections are at the discretion of the individual state and local governments Levels of election a Federal elections The United States has a presidential system of government, which means that the executive and legislature are elected separately Article II of the United States The differences between the laws of VN and the laws of the USA The difference in the way the state is organized is an important point leading to the difference between the legal systems of Vietnam and the United States More than half, due to following two different schools of law, Common law and Civil law, Vietnam and the United States have differences in the use of case law in theory as well as in legal practice * CIVIL LAW AND COMMON LAW Civil law Common law Legal System Legal system originating in Europe whose most prevalent feature is that its core principles are codified into a referable system which serves as the primary source of law Legal system characterized by case law, which is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals Role of judges Chief investigator; makes rulings, usually non-binding to 3rd parties In a civil law system, the judge’s role is to establish the facts of the case and to apply the provisions of the applicable code Though the judge often brings the formal charge Makes rulings; sets precedent; referee between lawyers Judges decide matters of law and, where a jury is absent, they also find facts Most judges rarely inquire extensively into matters before them, instead relying on arguments presented by the part Precedent Only used to determine administrative Used to rule on future or present cases of constitutional court matters Role of jury In cases of civil law, the opinion of the jury may not have to be unanimous Laws vary by state and country Juries are present almost exclusively in criminal cases; virtually never involved in civil actions Judges ensure law prevails over passion Juries are comprised only of laypersons — never judges In the U.S., juries are employed in both civil and criminal cases Their function is to weigh evidence presented to them, and to find the facts and apply the law Sources of Law Constitution Legislation – statutes and subsidiary legislation Custom International Law [Nota bene: It may be argued that judicial precedents and conventions also function within Continental systems, but they are not generally recognized Constitution (not in the UK) Legislation – Statutes and subsidiary legislation Judicial precedent – common law and equity Custom Convention International Law Type of argument and role of lawyers Adversarial Lawyers ask questions of witnesses, demand production of evidence, and present cases based on the evidence they have gathered Inquisitorial Judges, not lawyers, ask questions and demand evidence Lawyers present arguments based on the evidence the court finds 15 - In Vietnam, the Constitution grants constitutional and legislative powers, in a unique way, to the National Assembly Article 83 of the 1992 Constitution stipulates: “The National Assembly is the highest representative body of the people, the highest organ of State power of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam The National Assembly is the only body with constitutional and legislative powers The National Assembly decides on basic domestic and foreign policies, socio-economic tasks, national defense and security, the main principles on organization and operation of the State apparatus on social relations and civic activities The National Assembly exercises supreme supervision over the entire operation of the State.” The legal documents that the National Assembly has the authority to promulgate are the Constitution, the Code, the Law and the Resolutions and the documents promulgated by the National Assembly have the highest legal value The National Assembly Standing Committee is the permanent body of the National Assembly during its non-meeting period According to regulations, the National Assembly Standing Committee has the authority to issue Ordinances and Resolutions, which have lower legal validity The U.S Constitution grants the power to pass laws to Congress A proposal that is considered by Congress is called a bill If a majority of the members of each house (the Senate and the House of Representatives) pass it (in the case of a Presidential veto, a two-thirds majority), then the bill becomes law Federal law is called a statute The United States Code is the result of the "codification" of federal laws The Code itself is not a law, but merely statutes arranged in a logical order The legislative power of the National Assembly is limited To be more precise, it is authorized by the American people to pass the Constitution, which prescribes the areas in which Congress has or does not have the power to make laws Article I, Section of the Constitution prohibits the National Assembly from passing certain types of laws Of course, the right to interpret the regulations of jurisdiction less accurately is extremely important Thus, in the early stages of the republic's history, by grasping the interpretive role, the judiciary took on an extremely important role in the American legal system => In Vietnam, “The National Assembly is the only body with constitutional and legislative powers” In the USA, Federal law is the product of the interaction between the legislative (bicameral Congress) and the Executive (the President) A bill (sponsored by at least one MP) to be officially enacted usually has to go through discussion and vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate and is not vetoed by the President The President does not have the power to directly submit bills to both houses of Congress, but as the most prestigious leader in his Party, the President can greatly influence the legislative program of the country Congress In addition, with the exercise of the veto - a constitutional right of the President, the President has the ability to veto laws that he considers to be unenforceable or unconstitutional accordance with the national interest or the exercise of its executive power In fact, when a bill has been vetoed by the President, the ability of the National Assembly to discuss it again with a minimum of 2/3 votes is very difficult Specifically, under President Franklin Roosevelt, he made 635 vetoes, only times were re-discussed by Congress to successfully pass that law With President 16 Reagan, he vetoed 78 times but only times Congress successfully reversed the vote With President Bush (father), he vetoed 46 times, but only once was Congress successfully reversed IV ROLES OF POLITICIANS, LOBBYERS, AND THE MEDIA Politicians and their functions - A politician is someone who holds a government office or finds other ways to influence law and public policy - In the United States, politicians are usually elected officials or people seeking election to a leadership position where they can influence public opinion and shape laws and policies - Politicians build relationships with constituents and advocate for certain core beliefs that they plan to uphold through their decision-making * Types of politicians Politicians in the United States can work in the legislative, executive, and judicial sectors of the government They are generally aligned with a political party that helps them connect with voters and work toward common goals a Councilor - City councilors, also known as aldermen, work on a local level to distribute the city budget and develop laws and ordinances that reflect the needs of constituents - City councilors are generally focused on community issues and involved with improving public services and supporting local schools Councilors may focus on one aspect of public services, such as education, transportation, or housing Clark County Councilor - Gary Medvigy b Commissioner - County commissioners enforce local laws, codes, and ordinances They oversee the sheriff’s department and allocate money within the budget for maintaining infrastructure and unincorporated areas 17 * Some areas have both a council and a commission, while others incorporate the responsibilities of both roles into one position Brian Mackin Named C-USA Deputy Commissioner c Mayor - Mayors are the head of a city and are generally part of the city council or commission - Some cities elect the mayor separately, while others have councilors appoint the mayor from the council on a rotating basis Mayors oversee a city’s administration and city planning Washington, DC - Mayor Muriel Bowser d Governor - A governor is the highest-ranking official of a state’s government Governors collaborate with state legislators to distribute funds and enact changes to the law They have the power to appoint judges and other government positions and veto legislation 18 Kristi Noem – Governor of South Dakota e Representative - Legislators in the state or national House of Representatives, also known as congressmen or congresswomen, serve two-year terms proposing bills and serving on government oversight committees John Rutherford – United State Representatives f Senator - Senators review bills submitted from the House of Representatives and decide whether to pass them into law - They also have the power to confirm federal appointments like Supreme Court Justices Senators are up for re-election every six years 19 Rick Scott - United States senator from Florida g President - The presidency is the highest elected office in the United States - The president is in charge of the military and can approve or veto laws - Politicians pursuing the presidency may meet with current elected officials and foreign leaders The president works with members of Congress to meet certain policy goals US President – Joe Biden h Cabinet members - Cabinet members are not elected but are instead appointed by the president to give advice to the president on various policy areas -There are 15 cabinet secretaries including the secretary of state, secretary of education and secretary of defense 20 Trump Cabinet members * What politicians do? Politicians organize their daily responsibilities depending on the level of government they work with A local politician will likely spend more time face-to-face with community members solving local issues than a national politician who spends time traveling to different states campaigning and meeting with community leaders Politicians at any level will generally have a combination of these duties and tasks:        Interact with constituents Listen to concerns about public issues Serve on committees Write laws Create and approve budgets Campaign for votes Give speeches Lobbyers/ lobbies/ lobbyists and their duties A lobbyer is a professional advocate who works to influence political decisions on behalf of specific organizations and people As official members of the political process, lobbyers are intricately involved in the creation and implementation of new laws Lobbyer’ actions typically lead to the proposal of new legislation or amendment of existing laws and regulations However, lobbyers can't pay politicians for their votes, so rules are in place regarding disclosures, gift restrictions and prohibitions * It's completely LEGAL 21 US lobbying by Chuck Schumer * What does a lobbyer do? Whether working for a large corporation or a small civic group, lobbyers’ main job is to promote their clients’ agenda They want to gain legislators’ support to propose, pass, amend or defeat legislation or change existing laws and regulations The type of client lobbyers work for affects the specific tasks that they * Some common duties of a lobbyer: a Creating publicity materials - Lobbyers develop materials that promote their causes, such as pamphlets and videos They may distribute materials to the public and government members to influence them to support their cause b Researching policy - To create the change they want, lobbyers research issues, policies and pending legislation They determine how various laws and regulations affect their clients or causes and how to introduce new legislation that will benefit them Since different laws can be complicated, they need to research all details to have a thorough understanding of the matter c Explaining the impact of bills or laws - After speaking to legislators and their staff, lobbyers explain to their clients what the effects of a particular bill or law might be This may require attending legislative committee meetings and hearings to gather necessary background information d Developing relationships 22 - Lobbyers need to form relationships with various members of government bodies to ensure they present their causes to the right people They should also be able to develop a rapport with influential public figures who can assist in causes e Representing causes Lobbyers must be prepared to appear before members of the government to present their objectives They may need to speak in a public setting, but they may also have one-on-one meetings or in small groups to discuss details f Educating and influencing others - A lobbyer may need to educate government officials on certain topics before they can explain why their causes are important - One of the most important tasks of any lobbyer is to influence public opinions as well as the opinions of those in a position to make and change the laws g Preparing disclosure reports - Nearly all states require periodic disclosure reports from lobbyers and those who hire them This requires public reports on how much money was spent, what issues were lobbied and which officials benefited from the expenditures * How Does Lobbying Work? Thus, to achieve the objective that the government passed legislation does not harm their business interests, they employ lobbyers This requires extensive consultations and contacts with the lawmakers, and hence, this is where professional lobbyers with their network of contacts and extensive web of connections can help such firms Through lobbying, the lawmakers and meeting with them as well as through a series of conferences and other modes of persuasion and influence, lobbyists can indeed help their clients in protecting their business interests Hence, lobbying is part and parcel of any democracy and especially so, when such democracies follow the free market and capitalist forms of economic systems In other words, lobbyers exist because of the businesses whose interests have to be promoted and protected and because such aspects can be done in democracies where lawmakers pass legislation and other methods of regulation that are unique to free-market democracies * Why does the political system need lobbyers? - Need votes for potential re-election and the congress, government - Lobbying is an important lever for a productive government Without it, governments would struggle to sort out the many, many competing interests of its citizens Fortunately, lobbying provides access to government legislators, acts as an educational tool, and allows individual interests to gain power in numbers 23 The Media and its roles: - Definitions: + Media refers to the communication channels through which we disseminate news, music, movies, education, promotional messages, and other data + It includes physical and online newspapers and magazines, television, radio, billboards, telephone, the Internet, fax, and billboards Over the past couple of decades, politics has evolved and is drastically different than it was in the past There are many reasons to what caused this change but one that continues to affect politics is the media Mass media – print and electronic – has played a major role in society as it is a primary source of information for the public This role comes with the power to influence public opinion * The relationship between the US media and politicians is defined by a complicated sort of mutual dependence Modern American media covers politics extensively, and the news media relies on politics to fill much of its broadcast time In some cases, media organizations take stands, explicitly or implicitly, and strongly support certain groups of politicians Politicians, in turn, make every effort to control the images and ideas that permeate the media, either by carefully managing interactions with news organizations or by directly purchasing access to the media - The role of the media in the political system of the USA: a One of the primary roles that the media has played is to keep the government in check and hold the government to account for its actions If the government controlled the media, it could surely escape all accountability for any actions and would threaten the very principles of the free and democratic system we employ However, 24 as of late the media has not served its intended purpose, as an unbiased and impartial source of information - Instead, the media have become partial, one way or another, to the political spectrum and therefore skew the way the information they present is perceived For example: FOX news, one of the most popular news stations, is generally thought of to be politically biased towards the Republican party, or at the very least presents a bias towards Conservative views In turn, another hugely popular station, CNN is generally perceived to favor the Democratic party and the Liberal side of the political spectrum - As people begin to understand the biases that each network presents, they can converge on the network that supports their own viewpoints Therefore, they only experience media and viewpoints that confirm their preconceptions, never fully hearing a legitimate counterargument that would lead them to question or reconsider their political stances This can contribute not only to political polarization, but also to the gridlock we have seen in decision making, as people are less likely to budge on their stances and more likely to simply seek out more like-minded people to join their cause b Furthermore, the influence of the media does not stop at political persuasion In fact, it is even more broadly encompassing than that This can be seen, perhaps most clearly, in the most recent election Donald Trump used the influence that media can have on the public to fuel his eventually successful political campaign He practically employed a strategy of “any publicity is good publicity” Due to his scathing and often inappropriate remarks at the beginning of the Presidential race, he got more airtime than any other candidate This is what fueled his legitimacy as a candidate It got to the point where one could not think of the Presidential race and its candidates without thinking of Donald Trump By doing this Trump, once seen as a long shot to have any chance at winning the office, cemented himself solidly in the Presidential race based on mere media exposure alone => This shows the power of the role media plays in politics c Another way through which the media play a role in the country's political systems is by providing Americans with the information that they need to make political choices During the electioneering period, it is common to find politicians peddling all forms of false information It is the responsibility of the media to make sure the citizens have the most accurate information for decision-making d Finally, the media play a role in setting the agenda for the country's political discussion For example, the media contribute to debates on good governance, human rights, and even environmental concerns In this regard, the media will contribute to the creation of appropriate policies for the country => Overall, the role the media plays a hugely important role in American politics today Not only does it cover important stories pertaining to politics, but it often skews the stories in favor of one political ideology, influencing the general public into different opinions on certain issues CONCLUSION 25 The US political system is a democracy, but it differs from other democracies in many ways    The five most important elements of the US political culture are liberty, democracy, equality, individual responsibility, and civic duty People in the United States are generally free to whatever they like as long as they not hurt anyone else while doing it, and that is what the element of liberty implies The element of equality presumes that everyone has the same rights and chances to succeed, which is often not the case in most societies The US political system is a democracy, but it differs from other democracies in many ways The country itself is a federal constitutional republic The President of the United States shares power with the Congress and the judiciary These powers are reserved to the national government The state governments are overseen by the federal government There are five important elements of the political system in the United States It is better to call it political culture, in this context Those five elements are liberty, democracy, individual responsibility, equality, and civic duty This article will continue to explore these elements further However, let us investigate the political system in general in more detail for now The executive branch of the United States is led by the President This branch is independent of the legislature of the country Legislative power is divided between the two chambers of Congress These chambers are the Senate and the House of Representatives The judicial branch is composed of the Supreme Court and other federal courts that fall lower on the scale The reason why the US political system is different from other democracies is because the upper house of the legislature has more power than usual The Supreme Court also has much more power than similar institutions in other countries This is a complex subject that deserves a specific article, but for now let us look at the five elements of the US political system A Civic duty People should take their community affairs extremely seriously and participate in them whenever they can This is an extremely important aspect of every democratic society However, it is often ignored by many In a democracy, people have more political power than they are aware of However, most people not even go out to vote during election time This is something that needs to change Political activity is important, and it helps shape the future of the country Every vote makes a difference, and therefore more people should be included in community affairs Help younger people realize the importance of voting and being 26 politically active Democracy is the basis of our society, and we should start behaving in a way that is fit for the members of a democratic society B Individual Responsibility All individuals should be responsible for their success, actions, and well-being, except for cases of severe misfortune or disability This element ties into the previous one nicely Is it possible for everyone to be responsible for their own success? We previously noted how everyone is not equal in this country and it is a huge problem Since people not have equal opportunities, they should not be individually responsible for their successes or failures This will continue to be so until we manage to create equal chances for everyone and get rid of prejudice from our society Until then, we can’t talk about true equality and individual responsibility C Equality Equality means that everyone should have equal rights to vote and an equal opportunity to participate and succeed However, this does not refer to economic equality since it should be earned This is one of the biggest problems of capitalism, and American society While it might seem that people have equal opportunities on the surface, the reality of the situation is much different than that It will take a lot of time for us to create true equality However, the principle itself is extremely positive and should be used to teach good things People deserve equal chances, equal opportunities No one should be stripped away of their chance to succeed and achieve whatever they want However, we often just that People from underprivileged families not have the same opportunities as those that come from a rich background This is something that should be addressed more often and changed D Democracy 27 Democracy refers to the belief that the government and its officials in the United States should be accountable to the people Everyone should have the right to vote and be a part of the political life of their community The people pick who will represent them and whoever they choose should be accountable to the people The majority of societies today are democracies, however, not all of them truly live up to the name There are many factors that play an important role there E Liberty 28 Liberty refers to the fact that the people living in the United States should be able to whatever they want as long as they not hurt others This also includes a commitment to the free enterprise system The United States is often described as the land of the free This is true, to a certain extent People are free to as they wish in this country, however, there are marginalized groups whose freedom is indirectly taken away from them People living in poor neighborhoods, that are unemployed, people that face racial or sexual prejudice all have less freedom than the average citizen REFERENCE: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/5-important-elements-of-the-us-political-system.html The Rela琀椀onship Between the Media and Poli琀椀cs | Poor Coverage (psu.edu) https://moj.gov.vn/qt/tintuc/Pages/nghien-cuu-trao-doi.aspx?ItemID=1625 http://bantinphapluatusa.blogspot.com/2017/07/so-sanh-he-thong-phap-luat-viet-nam-va.html https://www.carper.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/how-a-bill-becomes-a-law https://bensguide.gpo.gov/a-how-made https://www.diffen.com/difference/Civil_Law_vs_Common_Law 29