topic israel technology transfer report 2

Overview of Israel geographical conditions and the notable differences on the conditions between Vietnam and Israel for a business trip.. Picture 1 The changing temperature of three citi

THE UNIVERSITY OF DA NANG

Members : Tr n Th ầ ị Phương Thảo Lê Nguy

Trương Thái Vy n Khánh Trang Nguyễ

Dương Kim Ánh

Da Nang, 2023

Table of Contents

1 Overview of Israel geographical conditions and the notable differences on the

conditions between Vietnam and Israel for a business trip 1

2 Essential data on Jerusalem and fundamental costs for a simulated business trip to the city 3

3 Differences in time zone and cultural factors affecting attitude towards time 7 II The ethnic cultural barriers of Israel 9

1 Israel's ethnicity, cuisines, and communication standards 9

3 Israel’s languages and its importance 17

4 Interpret the Hofstede model scores of the partner country and draw out the factors that will affect the negotiation 21

III Find out about legal and political differences and risks 26

1 Find information about reliable indicators to assess the costs and risks related to the political and legal status of the partner country (political stability index, law enforcement index) 26

1.1 Political stability and the absence of violence/terrorism and democracy index 26

2 Analyze the political-legal status of the partner country and conclude the costs and risks associated with political-legal when doing business in that country 31

2.2 Conclude the costs and risks associated with political-legal when doing business in that country 36

3 The Laws and codes of Vietnam related to the contract 36

3.1 Law on Technology Transfer 2017 36

3.2 Civil Code 2015 40

3.3 Vietnam Intellectual Property Law 41

3.4 Decree No 51/2019/ND-CP stipulating penalties for administrative violations in science and technology activities and technology transfer 41

References 44

Table of pictures

Picture 1 The changing temperature of three cities in different areas of Israel in a year2

Picture 2 Changing climate in Jerusalem in a year 2

Picture 3 A flight from Danang, transiting in Bangkok (Thailand) to Jerusalem 5

Picture 4 A flight from Danang, transiting in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) and Delhi (India), to Jerusalem 6

Picture 5 A flight from Ho Chi Minh city, transiting in Kolkata and Delhi (India) , to Jerusalem 6

Picture 6 Comparison between Vietnam (blue) and Israel (brown) on Sequential/Synchronic index (according to Trompenaars index) 8

Picture 7 Vietnam’s statistic on Indulgence (according to Hofstede index) 8

Picture 8 Israel ethnic composition (2021) 9

Picture 14 Political stability and Absence of violence/terrorism index 26

Picture 15 Each type of democracy corresponds to a score 27

Picture 16 The Economist Intelligence Unit Democracy Index from 2006 to 2022 28

Picture 17 Rule of law Index 29

Picture 18 Control of corruption 30

Picture 19 Israeli army vehicles move on the road during a raid on the Jenin refugee camp in the West Bank of Palestine, March 7, 2023 32

Picture 20 Palestinians carry the body of Amir Imad Abu Khadija on March 23 33

Picture 21 Protesters in Tel Aviv, Israel at dawn on March 27, 2023 34

Picture 22 People take part in a protest against the judicial reform plan, in Tel Aviv, Israel 35

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I Barriers on spaces and time when meeting business partners

1 Overview of Israel geographical conditions and the notable differences on the conditions between Vietnam and Israel for a business trip

Overview of Israel geography

Israel, which is considered a quite narrow country with the total area reaching 20.770 square kilometres, is located in the Middle East Jordan, Syria, and the Palestinian Authority all border Israel to the east Lebanon serves as the northern border and Egypt borders in the south In comparison with Vietnam, which occupies the Eastern portion of mainland Southeast Asia, Vietnam’s size is about 15 times as much as that of Israel Looking at the geographical location, the shortest distance between the two countries is about 7.640 kilometres if using air travel Thus, travelling by air would be the best option for Vietnamese partners to pay a visit to Israel However, there still haven’t been any direct flights from Vietnam to Israel The most common transits are often Bangkok (Thailand) or Delhi (India)

The Israel Standard time zone is consistent with UTC+2, which means that the time zone in Vietnam is 4 hours ahead of that in Israel (Vietnam Standard time zone is GMT +7) The big difference in the time zone between the two countries can certainly create some hardships when arranging the appointments as well as the coordination in answering emails, phone calls or video calls among the partners

Climate

As can be seen in the illustration below, the climate in Israel is divided into two main seasons: hot season and cold season, which is quite similar to Vietnam’s climate

Picture 1 The changing temperature of three cities in different areas of Israel in a year

While summer starts in May and lasts for about 3 months, November and the 5 months following fall into winter Although the two seasons in Vietnam are quite similarly divided as Israel, the temperature of Israel in cold weather is much lower than that of Vietnam Hence, if Vietnamese partners decide to visit Israel, the best time is from September to October or from March to May because the weather is the most pleasant at the time

After considering thoroughly on different factors, Vietnamese partners have reached the decision on the destination in Israel for the business trip - the capital Jerusalem

Picture 2 Changing climate in Jerusalem in a year

Looking at the illustration for detail, the best time to engage in a business trip to Jerusalem falls in April to October, as the weather conditions are not too rough and unbearable

2 Essential data on Jerusalem and fundamental costs for a simulated business trip to the ci ty

Population

Jerusalem is the most populous, diverse, and multifaceted city in Israel At the end of 2020 its population numbered 951,100, accounting for 10% of Israel’s total population Jerusalem has the largest Jewish population in Israel, with 584,400 residents, as well as the largest Arab population in Israel, with 366,800 residents

Safety

As per the stats presented by the reputed database platform Number, the Safety Index of Jerusalem is 63.85. So, overall Jerusalem is a safe city to travel to However, there are still some heated issues that visitors should always be alerted to

Street protests and demonstrations can occur on public transportation and mostly in East Jerusalem.Vietnamese partners should be vigilant, exercise caution, avoid any demonstrations or large gatherings and follow instructions of local authorities The partners should also check the local news in advance and avoid areas which have been the site of recent clashes or violence Additionally, make sure you are familiar with contact details for the emergency services (in Israel - dial 100; in the West Bank and Gaza - dial 101)

Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in crowded areas, government, military and police installations and against personnel, transportation networks, businesses with Western interests Areas where foreign nationals and tourists are known to gather may be at higher risk of attack

Recent incidents include:

● On 27 January 2023, seven Israelis were killed during a shooting attack in Neve Yaakov, East Jerusalem Another three Israelis were injured

● On 23 November 2022, two Israelis were killed, including an Israeli-Canadian, and 22 civilians were injured during two explosions in West Jerusalem

● On 5 May 2022, three Israelis were killed during a stabbing attack Another four Israelis were injured

● On 7 April 2022, two Israelis were killed during a shooting attack in Tel Aviv Another ten Israelis were injured

● On 29 March 2022, five Israelis were killed in a terrorist shooting incident in Bne Brak

● On 27 March 2022, two Israelis were killed in a terrorist shooting incident in Hadera Another four Israelis were injured

● On 22 March 2022, there was a ramming and stabbing incident in Ber Sheva Four Israeli civilians were killed, and two others were injured

As the terrorism risk seems to be quite uncommon in Vietnam thanks to the stable politic, business trips to Israel require thorough preparation such as basic knowledge, studying signals or noting down the emergency hotline

Traffic overview

Travel time increased in Jerusalem last year The data suggests that the average time it took to travel 10km increased by 20s, which made Jerusalem rank 79th worldwide in 2022 The best time to drive around the city is Shabbat (on the weekend), when the roads are pretty quiet and your stress levels will drop

Traffic laws are effectively the same as in any western country, except for crosswalks where cars only need to stop if a pedestrian has already begun crossing Besides, Jerusalem requires people to drive on the right side Due to the significant differences in traffic rules, Vietnamese partners need to be well-prepared on basic knowledge on the traffic rules of the city before visiting.

Additionally, visitors can choose to use public transportation such as taxis, buses or light rails According to an official source of information about tourism in the city, the most convenient way to travel from places to places within the city is by bus

Costs

If aiming to travel on an absolute budget in Israel, visitors should allow at least 30-40 USD a day for accommodation, some transportation, some attractions, and food (1 ILS = 6.517 VND)

Accommodation

The average price for one person for accommodation in Jerusalem is ₪191 For two people sharing a typical double-occupancy hotel room, the average price for a hotel room in Jerusalem is ₪383

Travelling costs

The cost of a taxi ride in Jerusalem is significantly more than public transportation On average, past travellers have spent ₪20 per person, per day, on local transportation in Jerusalem

Food budget

While meal prices in Jerusalem can vary, the average cost of food in Jerusalem is ₪94 per day Based on the spending habits of previous travellers, when dining out an average meal in Jerusalem should cost around ₪38 per person Breakfast prices are usually a little cheaper than lunch or dinner The price of food in sit-down restaurants in Jerusalem is often higher than fast food prices or street food prices

Tips and Handouts Budget in Jerusalem

The average price for Tips and Handouts in Jerusalem is ₪22 per day The usual amount for a tip in Jerusalem is 5% - 15%.

Some possible airline routes from Vietnam to Jerusalem

Picture 3 A flight from Danang, transiting in Bangkok (Thailand) to Jerusalem

Picture 4 A flight from Danang, transiting in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) and Delhi (India), to Jerusalem

Picture 5 A flight from Ho Chi Minh city, transiting in Kolkata and Delhi (India) , to Jerusalem

3 Differences in time zone and cultural factors affecting attitude towards time

National holidays

Israel has eight public holidays in a calendar year The following are national holidays in Israel:

● Passover (April, the specific day fluctuates each year)

● Seventh Day of Passover (April, the specific day fluctuates each year) ● Independence Day (April or May, the specific day fluctuates each year) ● Feast of Shavuot (May or June, the specific day fluctuates each year) ● Rosh Hashanah (September or October, the specific days fluctuates each year) ● Yom Kippur (September or October, the specific day fluctuates each year) ● First Day of Sukkot (September or October, the specific day fluctuates each

year)

● Simchat Torah (September or October, the specific day fluctuates each year) Therefore, Vietnamese visitors had better avoid travelling to the city on these national holidays as it is quite impossible to arrange offline meetings with Israel partners as well as using the services in the city

Working hours and weekends

The work week in Israel goes from Sunday to Thursday Some businesses will be open on Friday mornings and some international companies will remain open on the weekends, but in general, people do not conduct business on Friday after sundown and Saturday as this is Shabbat General business hours in Israel are from 8:30/9:00 am until 18:00 and the average person works a 9 hour day or 45 hour work week According to the law an employee is entitled to a 45 minute break during a work day

On the other hand, the work week in Vietnam starts from Monday to Saturday and the weekends last for a half of Saturday till the end of Sunday Generally, business hours in Vietnam begin from 7:30/9:00 am and last for about 8 hours Although Vietnamese people start to work earlier than the people in Israel, their break time is longer, which is about 1 - 2 hours As a result, appointments with Israel partners ought to be arranged after 8:00 a.m and before 6:00 p.m There seems to be no need to pay as much attention

to the break time as in the Vietnamese schedule as Israeli workers do not take such long breaks

Cultural factors on time

Picture 6 Comparison between Vietnam (blue) and Israel (brown) on Sequential/Synchronic index (according to Trompenaars index)

According to the Trompenaars index on sequential and synchronicity, there is a huge gap between the indications of Vietnam and Israel It can be implied from the statistics that while time commitments in Vietnam are desirable rather than absolute and plans can be flexibly changed, time commitments are taken quite more seriously in Israel and staying on schedule is a must Therefore, partners had better adjust their attitude towards time when going on a business trip to their counterparts’ countries Particularly, Vietnamese workers should place higher importance on punctuality and try not to alter the decisions and plans too many times because it might not show respect to Israeli partners

Picture 7 Vietnam’s statistic on Indulgence (according to Hofstede index)

The score of 35 on the Indulgence index according to Hosfede insights suggests that Vietnamese people do not put much emphasis on leisure time Due to the fact that there are no statistics of Israel on this issue, Vietnamese partners should carefully pay attention to their counterparts’ view on leisure time and the gratification of desires to adjust their behaviours If Israel partners tend to value their days off, the Vietnamese

team had better not arrange appointments on weekends or hold a meeting after business hours

II The ethnic cultural barriers of rael Is

1 Israel's ethnicity, cuisines, and communication standards 1.1 Ethnicity

About 74% are Jewish (about 7,021,000 people), 21.1% are Arab (about 2,007,000 people), the remaining 4.9% (about 478,000 individuals) are people of ancestry Jews are not considered Jews by religious law and people with non-Jewish ancestry are family members of Jewish immigrants, non-Arab Christians, non-Jewish people are Muslim Arabs and all other residents regardless of ethnicity or religion

The main ethnic groups in Israel are Jews, Arabs, and minorities are Druze, Aramaic, Armenian, Assyrian, Circassian and Samaritan ,

Picture 8 Israel ethnic composition (2021)

The Jewish population is diverse Jews from eastern and western Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, Central Asia, North America, and Latin America have been immigrating to this area since the late 19th century Differing in ethnic origin and culture, they brought with them languages and customs from a variety of countries

Arabs constitute the largest single minority in Israel, and, though most are Muslims of the Sunni branch, Arab Christians form a significant minority, particularly in the Galilee region in northern Israel

1.2 Cuisines

Israel cuisine has been shaped by the fusion of cultures that make up the country From traditional Jewish Eastern European stews to street food brought by Iraqi Jewish immigrants Food in Israel is also the pride of the people here The dishes that make up the "famous" of the Israelis are:

● Falafel: The main ingredient of Falafel is beans, pureed meat mixed with a little coriander, yogurt sauce, and some other special spices, then deep fried in oil

Picture 9 Falafel

● Hummus: There are two types of Hummus, Hummus masabacha and Hummus kawarma Hummus masabacha is cooked chickpeas, mashed and then mixed with a number of other ingredients such as tahini sauce, olive oil, salted lemon juice and garlic Hummus kawarma will be for savory eaters, especially meat lovers Because with this type of hummus, the main ingredient of the dish will be made from ground meat, onions and some ingredients such as tahini sauce, lemon juice, garlic salt,

Picture 10 Hummus

● Lechem bread: When it comes to Israeli cuisine, bread is definitely indispensable These Lechem breads will be distributed one by one at the beginning of the meal

Picture 11 Lechem bread

● Kanafeh: It is a very popular dessert in Israeli cuisine A special cheesecake served with sugar syrup has made many visitors satisfied by the sweet taste of the cake

Picture 12 Kanafeh

1.3 Communication standards

Referring to the characteristics that make a difference for each country around the world, it is certainly impossible not to mention the communication culture Each country will have different communication cultures and cannot be confused with each other

According to Israeli culture, when going to religious areas like Jerusalem, you need to follow some strict rules such as women not to show their arms and legs, hair, women and men are not allowed to wear shorts Besides, the act of expressing affection for men and women in public places is considered taboo In addition, the people of Israel are extremely friendly and hospitable, so they love talking to foreigners The way of "talking loudly" is unique in this country This makes many visitors panic at first interaction People here like clarity and are very enthusiastic In general, in countries like France, Latin American countries, Israel, Greece, and Arabia, people are more likely to touch each other when communicating than in countries like Germany, Great Britain, Japan, and North American countries

Verbal Communication

● Direct Communication: Israelis usually communicate in a direct, straightforward and informal manner This is in part due to the grammatical structure of Hebrew, which is quite a direct language The direct communication style of Israelis is known as ‘dugriut’, which refers to a forthright and unapologetic directness in communicating Interests and desires

are often expressed through direct phrases such as “I want ” or “I need…” as opposed to indirect phrases such as “would it be possible ”

● Communication Style: Israelis tend to communicate in an expressive manner, accompanied with many hand gestures They often speak quite loudly and at a fast pace, which can give an impression that they are yelling or irritated However, it is most likely their usual tone of communicating Israelis also tend to have overlapping speech patterns, which means one person may speak over someone before they have finished their point Therefore, interruptions during conversation are common

● Emotions: Israelis can become quite emotive when communicating, particularly on topics they are passionate about Anger in Israeli communication patterns often represents passion, and in some situations, people can become heated or impassioned quickly If this occurs in a public setting, bystanders often make an effort to calm the situation

● Humour: Humour features quite prominently in Israeli communication A common aspect of Israeli humor is chizbat, which refers to humorous anecdotes and tall tales

● Yiddish: Among Ashkenazi Jews, some popular phrases and slang come from the Yiddish language For instance, the common word ‘nu’ is used to urge someone to hurry up or get to a point when speaking indirectly (e.g ‘nu, what are we waiting for?’)

Non-Verbal Communication

● Physical Contact: Israelis may lightly touch or tap their counterpart while speaking Contact between men is quite common as a sign of friendship and affection Some common examples include a light punch on the arm or throwing one’s arm around their counterpart’s shoulders Religiously observant Israelis usually avoid physical contact with the opposite gender

● Personal Space: Israelis usually stand less than an arm’s distance from one another while talking It can be considered rude to back away from someone while they are speaking Among religiously observant men and women, it is

more common to stand farther apart However, it is common for people to stand very close together in public spaces, such as supermarket queues

● Eye Contact: Direct eye contact is customarily expected and reflects a sense of interest and respect in the person Some women who are religiously observant may divert their gaze when speaking to someone of the opposite gender ● Gestures: Gestures are very common in Israeli communication People often

‘talk with their hands’ and seem quite lively They may animate their whole body when emphasizing or expressing a particular point

Business communication

The Israeli style of communication is very direct, frank and sometimes blunt Israelis often communicate in an argumentative style and always openly state their opinions You do not need to agree with; contradicting opinions are accepted and are a part of the communication culture Israelis value honesty and straight forwardness when conducting business and expect the other side to talk with clarity and to the point

Israel being a people-oriented society; relationship building is an important value in a business setting, though not always necessary

Time schedules are not strictly adhered to You should expect that not all meetings start or end on time Agendas for meetings are common, but should not be expected to be sent out in advance Deadlines are always defined but often moved to accommodate issues and problems that need to be dealt with

2 Analyze the religious situation of the partner country, the importance of religion, the influence of religion on the way of working

Israel is a country of the Jewish people, the land of the bible, cultural identity, ethnicity, religion was formed 4000 years ago Israel is known as the historical homeland of the Jewish people, in the land of the Middle East, located along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea As of 2018, the vast majority of Israelis identify as Jewish (74.3%), followed by Muslim (17.8%), Christian (1.9%), Druze (1.6) %) and some other religions (4.4%) Israel is the only country where the majority of the population identifies as Jewish Approximately 41% of the global Jewish population resides in Israel

The country is home to many Jewish and Christian traditions, while most Muslims identify with the Sunni tradition Conversion among major religious groups in Israel is uncommon, with those who identify as Jewish, Muslim, Christian, or Druze almost always continuing to identify with the religion in which they grew up

Religion plays an important role in Israel's culture, society, politics and legal system Israel's legal structure is, on the one hand, a complex combination of basic common laws, and on the other hand a number of distinct jurisdictions according to religion In turn, religious communities themselves manage individual legal matters such as marriage, divorce, adoption, and inheritance

Although many people from different religious backgrounds may work together or live in close proximity, religious communities in Israel tend to be quite socially isolated from one another According to the Pew Research Center, the vast majority of people identify as Jewish (98%), Muslim (85%), Christian (86%) and Druze (83%) Their close friends all belong to their own religious communities In large urban areas, it is common to find separate neighborhoods for different religious communities (e.g Orthodox Judaism, Secular Judaism, Islam, and Christianity) Jerusalem's walled 'Old City' is diverse and cosmopolitan, and is divided into four distinct zones: Armenian, Christian, Jewish and Muslim Synagogues, churches and mosques of various architectural styles can be found all over the place

Judaism in Israel

Judaism has been an influential force in Israel since the country's founding Under Israeli law, Israel is defined as a Jewish democratic state As such, Judaism continues to play an important role in the political and state institutions of Israel Many of the country's national and cultural symbols are also derived from Judaism Aspects of Judaism pervade everyday life, such as many restaurants, cafes, and shops that follow kosher dietary practices The Jewish legal system consisted of a common council of rabbis, with an Ashkenazi rabbi and a Sephardi rabbi representing the two largest rabbis Each city or region of government has a religious council (headed by rabbis) to regulate Jewish practices regarding dietary law, as well as individual legal matters

Islam in Israel

Islam is the second largest religion in Israel, with 17.8% identifying as Muslim The vast majority of Israel's Muslims are of Arab ethnicity (including Bedouin Arabs) Like other religious communities of Israel, Muslims have considerable autonomy in resolving individual legal matters through their own religious courts that are subject to Islamic law (shari'a) ) Israel's Muslim population tends to be active in practicing their religion For example, most (83%) fast during Ramadan (83%), 2/3 claim to pray daily (61%) and almost half visit mosques at least weekly (49%) According to the Pew Research Center, about eight in 10 Arabs in Israel (79%) report that Muslims face a lot of discrimination Israel's Muslim population often experiences various types of discrimination, such as being questioned by security officials, prevented from traveling, threatened or physically attacked, and suffered physical damage asset In 2016, about 37% of Muslims claimed to have suffered at least one of these forms of discrimination due to their religious identity

Druze in Israel

There are about 130,000 Druze people in Israel (1.6% of the population), mainly located in the northern regions of Galilee, Carmel and the Golan Heights Although Druze is ethnically Arab and speaks mainly Arabic, many do not consider themselves Palestinian

The Druze community has its own religious courts to deal with individual legal matters Historically, the community has been attached to the state of Israel, with Druze soldiers serving in every Arab-Israeli conflict They are also the only Arab group to have joined the IDF (Israel Defense Forces) The Druze religion has its roots in a branch of Islam Although the faith is based on Islamic principles, the Druze religion has significant differences in terms of certain beliefs and practices, such as the Five Pillars The main features of the Druze religion are its eclectic and distinct doctrines, secret religious practices, deep loyalty, and a cohesive community identity

The influence of religion on the way of working

Israelis are entrepreneurs who follow the ideal “Israelis always tend to do business according to the Jewish culture and the business ecosystem here They easily absorb new technologies and envision new ones They think creatively, are dynamic and always ready to work in a risky environment.” (Ganor) Practical considerations also show that the phenomenon of early exit (when all disbursements have been safely recovered in accordance with the profit target and time) is also a motivating factor for the business to continue - "push factors" - for example, the need to reach foreign markets and the scarcity of domestic investment Israelis do not like the large corporate environment and tend to stick with one business Israel is not afraid of obstacles,” sometimes to the point that they do not even know they exist because of their strong belief that they can certainly overcome them

Debating culture: As it turns out, the kind of fierce argument that is hated in other countries' business cultures is the best solution to a problem with the Jews In Israeli businesses, there is almost no phenomenon of backstabbing You always know where you stand This also avoids wasting time on other useless things Things are easier in Israel, where politeness no longer matters Israelis do not have a culture of being too disciplined From the very beginning, we have been taught to always doubt what is available, to always ask questions, to argue about everything, and to always be creative

3 Israel’s languages and its importance a, Learn about your partner's language - Israel:

Japanese people have Japanese, British people have English, Vietnamese people have Vietnamese, However, there is no Israeli language in Israel There are two languages in this country, Hebrew and Arabic

● Hebrew (תי ִר ְב ִע) is a language of Hebrew origin, belonging to the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family This is considered the oldest language, appearing from the 10th century BC There are two types of Hebrew: Classical Hebrew and Modern Hebrew Classical Hebrew or Hebrew is written from right to left like Arabic and Persian Traditionally the language does not include any phonetic transcriptions, although those vowels may be indicated by small dots above or below the consonant The people of ancient Israel used ancient Hebrew to communicate and keep records of their history, religion, philosophy, poetry, and culture for many centuries after it first appeared in 1000 BC Modern Hebrew is the official language of Israel and, unlike the older form of Hebrew, is used for Jewish religious texts and prayers Speaking Hebrew died out as an everyday language for more than 1,500 years, but it was revived in the 19th century

Compare the differences between classical and modern Hebrew:

Comparative

Grammatical difference

Grammatical order = Subject-Object

Verb-Grammatical order = Subject – Verb – Object

Number of consonants

Writing system

Canaanite / Sinaitic script Paleo-Jewish alphabet Hebrew alphabet Samaritan alphabet

Proto-Hebrew alphabet famous Hebrew letters

Used Time Ancient Israel 10th century BC and 4th century AD

It is spoken today as a common language in Israel

Starting in the year

● Arabic is the second o cial language of the people of Israel, in the Middle ffiSemitic region The Israeli Ministry of Education has its own special Arabic-language department, which has evolved into a program for training students who speak Arabic Jewish students will learn Arabic first and then Hebrew However, the fact that a lot of people speak the Arabic language is not good enough, but it is still the main language of Israel for the purpose of maintaining peace in the country Currently, modern Standard Arabic, derived from the Quranic Arabic, is widely used in universities and government agencies of Israel Using the Arabic language to make basic connections when coming to Israel will bring a better experience of the people of this country

● Besides, Russian is also spoken in this country, but it is not very popular

because the former Soviets immigrated to Israel quite a lot, so Russian is considered as a dialect In 2008, the Israeli parliament repeatedly proposed a draft Law on the inclusion of Russian in the list of official languages of Israel But because Russian speakers in Israel belong to the old generation, the younger generation gradually communicates less in Russian, so the State of Israel language is still Hebrew

● There is a special thing that Israelis also speak English very well like native Americans and British because:

- Israel's history is associated with many Western empires, so Israelis speak the language extremely well thanks to the integration into the "free world" - people have to familiarize themselves and gradually become self-reliant with a completely different language system

- After being hunted and expelled from the territory by the Nazis, the wave of Jewish or Israeli emigration spread around the world, so they had to learn to use English to live and work in foreign lands

- Israeli education is quite rigorous, English is a compulsory subject, to graduate from High School you must pass an oral test in English

- Israelis are very united and persistent to the point of arrogance, they are ready to practice English skills every day if they speak English incorrectly or as long as they are not good at speaking, they will still practice hard

b Importance of the Hebrew language to the Israelites:

The Hebrew language is the most powerful tool for preserving and developing Israel's tangible and intangible heritage Language plays an important role in the development process because it ensures cultural diversity and helps cultures to interact and exchange with each other

Picture 13 Israel is

The Hebrew language used to "go into the dead," but then it miraculously awakened The revival of the Hebrew language is an extraordinary and unique story in human history A language whose roots go back 3,000 years, it has been revived after centuries of dormancy, and now it is flourishing in the 21st century

150 years ago, Hebrew was not a spoken language And not anyone's mother tongue either Today, more than 9 million people speak Hebrew, and most of it is their mother tongue Eliezer Ben Yehuda is the driving force behind the revival of the ancient language and its transformation into a modern language

When negotiating with Israeli partners, use Hebrew to communicate with them to show respect and pride in their language When using the Hebrew language in

negotiations with Israeli partners, it will create a sense of friendliness, make them feel respected, and really want to cooperate with them, which will help the negotiation success rate be higher But in case we cannot use the Hebrew language, we can use English The Israeli partner is also very fluent in this language

It can be seen that the people here respect the Hebrew language, bringing it back to life after many years of sleep That is the pride of the Israeli people Precious songs, poems, and Bibles are all expressed in the Hebrew language It is the quintessence of ancient and modern Israel

4 Interpret the Hofstede model scores of the partner country and draw out the factors that will affect the negotiation

Index analysis:

Power distance is not emphasized in this country With a score of 13, Israel is at a very low level in this respect compared to other countries With an egalitarian mindset, Israelis believe in independence, equal rights, accessible superiors, and management that facilitates and empowers Power is decentralized and managers trust the experience of their team members Respect among Israelis is something you earn by demonstrating your hands-on expertise The workplace has an informal atmosphere with direct and relevant communication and on a name basis Employees expect advice.=> When negotiating, do not focus on the level of the partner, please appoint someone with clear and experienced professional competence

Israeli society is a mixture of individualist and collectivist cultures (54) Small families that focus on parent-child relationships rather than aunts and uncles are common At the same time, extended, large families with close relations with all other