There may be a focus on protecting the family''''s image, even if it meanslimiting opportunities for disabled individuals.c.Example - Countries with high score in individualism include USA,
CONTENT
CULTURE VALUE OF VIETNAM
The extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally [1] b Characteristics
In cultures with high power distance, the social structure resembles a rigid pyramid.
At the top reside those with authority, and deference flows downwards Decisions are made by those at the top, and information filters down through layers of supervisors Consultation with lower-level employees is minimal, and leaders are expected to be decisive These cultures see a need for many supervisors to ensure adherence to the hierarchy and maintain order This can lead to a feeling of constant oversight for lower-level employees People in high power distance cultures accept that some are born to lead and others to follow The organizational structure is viewed as a mirror of the natural order, with inherent differences justifying positions within the hierarchy Leaders are seen as possessing superior qualities that entitle them to their power Respect for elders and authority figures is instilled from a young age Children are expected to obey their parents without question, and teachers are revered as possessors of superior knowledge Challenging their authority is seen as disrespectful Compensation is seen as a clear indicator of one's position in the hierarchy. Large salary gaps exist between top and bottom earners, reflecting the vast difference in perceived power and status.
In constract, in societies with low power distance, hierarchy takes a backseat to collaboration and equality People believe everyone deserves a fair shot, and social structures are designed to reflect this Decisions are made through consultation and participation Information flows freely, and lower-level employees are encouraged to contribute ideas Leaders are seen as facilitators rather than dictators Fewer supervisors exist, fostering a sense of trust and autonomy among employees These cultures strive to minimize inequality, believing everyone has something valuable to contribute Exploitation based on power imbalances is frowned upon Parents and children are seen as partners in the learning process Open communication and mutual respect are emphasized Children are encouraged to ask questions and express their opinions Pay gaps between top and bottom earners are narrower, reflecting the belief that everyone deserves a decent standard of living. c Example
- Countries such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States are said to have low power distance cultures These countries place emphasis on the individual and prioritize equality
- Countries with high power distance cultures such as China, Belgium, France, Malaysia, and the Arab world usually believe that there is nothing wrong with inequality and everyone has specific positions
Too long to read on your phone? Save to read later on your computer
The extent to which people feel threatened by ambiguous situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these risk, change, uncertainty, unpredictable situations b Characteristics
In high uncertainty avoidance cultures The unpredictable nature of life is a constant source of anxiety Anything outside the familiar comfort zone is viewed with suspicion and potential fear People who deviate from the established norms are seen as threats to the social order This can manifest in a lack of tolerance for unconventional ideas, behaviors, or lifestyles Detailed plans, established procedures, and well-defined roles create a sense of control and minimize the potential for surprises Safety and security, both physical and financial, are paramount People in these cultures are more likely to prioritize established systems and proven methods over taking risks that could jeopardize their well-being. Saving for the future and having a secure job are highly valued People may resist new ideas, customs, or technologies because they disrupt familiar routines and require adaptation to the unknown Open conflict is seen as disruptive and potentially destabilizing to the social fabric People are more likely to prioritize finding common ground and building consensus, even if it means sacrificing some individual preferences or opinions.
In societies with low uncertainty avoidance, life is an adventure to be embraced, not a threat to be controlled People in these cultures view the unknown with curiosity and a sense of possibility The unpredictable nature of life is seen as a normal part of the journey, not something to be feared People are comfortable with ambiguity and adapt readily to changing circumstances They embrace the motto "take things as they come." People with different ideas or behaviors are seen as a source of novelty and potential innovation Open- ended situations and a lack of clear-cut answers are viewed as opportunities for creativity and problem-solving People are comfortable figuring things out as they go, and improvisation is valued Taking calculated risks and venturing outside comfort zones are seen as essential for growth and development New ideas and approaches are not just tolerated, they're actively encouraged These cultures celebrate creativity and innovation as the driving forces behind progress Open debate and even healthy conflict are seen as constructive forces that can lead to better solutions and a deeper understanding of different viewpoints. c Example
- Countries with high uncertainty avoidance scores include Italy, Korea, Mexico, Belgium, Russia,
- Countries with low uncertainty avoidance scores include the United States, England, India, China, Singapore,
- Individualism is the tendency of people to look after themselves and their immediate family only; expect to achieve for him/herself rather than the needs of a particular group or family; not strong connections between individuals
- Collectivism is the tendency of people to belong to groups or collectives and to look after each other in exchange for loyalty b Characteristics
Individualistic societies prioritize the "I" mentality People see themselves as unique individuals with their own goals, desires, and aspirations They strive for self-reliance and personal fulfillment Success is measured by individual achievements and contributions. Individuals make choices based on their own needs and priorities, balancing them with social norms and legal frameworks Parents encourage children to develop their own opinions and life paths Relationships are important, but completing tasks and achieving goals often takes precedence People may form temporary teams based on specific projects, valuing efficiency and expertise Innovation and entrepreneurship are encouraged People are celebrated for taking risks, being proactive, and achieving success through their own efforts In this societies diplomas are seen as tools for self-improvement and economic advancement Education empowers individuals to pursue their chosen careers and contribute meaningfully to society Partners are chosen based on personal compatibility, emotional connection, and shared values Love marriages are the norm, with individual happiness at the forefront.Additionally, People with disabilities are seen as valued members of society, and efforts are made to ensure their inclusion and participation Focus is on their abilities and potential contributions.
Collectivistic societies, on the other hand, emphasize the "we" mentality Individual identity is intertwined with the social group, be it family, clan, or community The well- being and honor of the group take precedence over individual desires They tend to maintain social harmony and fulfill one's role within the group are central values Respect for elders and obedience to authority figures are paramount Building and maintaining strong relationships within the group is seen as essential Tasks are often completed collaboratively, with a focus on collective achievement Individual achievements are celebrated as reflecting positively on the entire group Moral principles may vary depending on the group's traditions and needs Loyalty and obedience to the group are highly valued, even if it conflicts with broader societal norms.Futhermore, education is seen as a means for the entire group to elevate its social status Diplomas open doors to better opportunities for the collective, not just the individual Partners may be chosen based on family connections and the benefit of the wider group This can ensure social stability and continuity of traditions Lastly, people with disabilities may be seen as a reflection on the family's honor There may be a focus on protecting the family's image, even if it means limiting opportunities for disabled individuals. c Example
- Countries with high score in individualism include USA, Australia, Germany, the Netherlands,
- Countries with high score in collectivism include Japan, VietNam, Mexico, Lebanon,
- Masculinity stands for a society in which social gender roles are clearly distinct: Men are supposed to be assertive, tough, and focused on material success; women are supposed to be more modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life.
- Femininity: stands for a society in which social gender roles overlap: Both men and women are supposed to be modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life [2]
In masculine societies they value competition, assertiveness, and material success. Men are expected to be the breadwinners, and ambition is highly encouraged Work takes precedence over personal life ("live to work") Success brings social status and sympathy.There's a clear separation of what's considered masculine and feminine Men are seen as tough, decisive leaders, while women are nurturing and supportive Independence is valued Managers are expected to be assertive and decisive.
On the other hand, in feminine societies cooperation, environmental awareness, and quality of life are central Both men and women can be nurturing figures Service and helping others are strong motivators Work serves to support a good life ("work to live"). Sympathy extends to those less fortunate There's less emphasis on rigid gender expectations Both men and women can take on traditionally masculine or feminine roles. Interdependence and building consensus are important Managers might be more collaborative and use intuition alongside logic. c Example
- Countries with masculinity characteristics include Japan, Austria, Venezuela,
- Countries with feminility characteristics include Sweden, Norway, Netherlands,
1.1.5 Long-term orientation versus short-term orientation a Definition
- Long-term orientation stands for the fostering of virtues oriented towards future rewards, in particular, perseverance and thrift
- Short-term orientation stands for the fostering of virtues related to the past and present, in particular, respect for tradition, preservation of 'face,' and fulfilling social obligations b Characteristics
Long-Term Oriented (LTO) societies are woven from a unique set of values and practices that prioritize the future over the immediate These societies cultivate a culture of resourcefulness, robust social networks, and a shared vision for long-term success LTO societies champion frugality and minimizing waste This extends beyond personal budgeting to encompass responsible use of energy, materials, and financial resources. Imagine a society where lights are routinely switched off in unoccupied rooms, and public transport is a preferred mode of travel due to its efficiency People are willing to forgo immediate comfort or enjoyment for long-term benefits Saving for education, investing in a home, or prioritizing infrastructure projects over flashy new gadgets exemplify this principle Individuals are expected to manage resources responsibly and work diligently towards their future goals Educational systems often emphasize delayed gratification, teaching students the value of perseverance and planning for the long term Owner- managers and workers share a common vision for the long-term success of the company. This fosters collaboration and loyalty.
Short-Term Oriented (STO) societies operate at a brisk pace, valuing immediate results and individual achievement Social pressures often encourage spending and keeping up with trends Businesses might prioritize marketing and short-term sales to capitalize on this Imagine a society filled with trendy advertisements and a focus on the latest gadgets.Efforts are geared towards producing rapid results There might be less emphasis on long- term planning and a preference for projects with immediate payoffs Think of a business culture that prioritizes meeting quarterly sales targets over long-term product development.
Achievement, self-determination, and individual success are highly valued People are often ambitious and motivated by personal accomplishment Picture a society where individuals take pride in their careers and strive to climb the corporate ladder quickly. Loyalty to employers, colleagues, or even friends can be more transactional, based on perceived benefits and immediate needs Job hopping and changing careers might be more common Rewards and recognition are often tied directly to individual performance and immediate contributions This can create a competitive and results-oriented work environment c Example
- Countries with long-term orientation characteristics include East Asian, Eastern & Central Europe
- Countries with short-term orientation characteristics include USA, Australia, Latin America, African & Muslim Countries
- Indulgent cultures will tend to focus more on individual happiness and well-being, leisure time is more important, and there is greater freedom and personal control
- Restrained cultures where positive emotions are less freely expressed and happiness, freedom, and leisure are not given the same importance b Characteristics
Indulgent societies prioritize personal happiness and enjoyment Leisure activities, sports participation, and positive emotions are highly valued Imagine a society with generous vacation policies, a thriving entertainment industry, and a strong emphasis on work-life balance People are encouraged to pursue their passions and create a fulfilling life Freedom of expression, personal control, and individual choice are paramount People feel empowered to make their own decisions and shape their own destinies Picture a culture that celebrates individuality, encourages open communication, and prioritizes personal fulfillment There might be less emphasis on rigid social hierarchies and more on individual potential.
Organizational culture of Vinamilk
Vinamilk's official name is Vietnam Dairy Products Joint Stock Company - a company that produces and sells milk and dairy products as well as related machinery and equipment in Vietnam [23] Established in 1976, Vinamilk is currently the leading nutrition company in Vietnam and among the Top 40 largest dairy companies in the world in terms of revenue. Vinamilk's diverse and high-quality nutritional products are always trusted by domestic and foreign consumers [24] Especially, Vinamilk ranks 5th in the top 10 most sustainable dairy brands globally.
To become a dairy enterprise with a leading domestic and export market share and trusted by consumers, Vinamilk always adheres to the motto: Do business honestly, products
13 ensure food safety and hygiene, according to standards internationally suitable for consumers' budgets [23]
"Vinamilk wishes to become Vietnam's leading symbol of trust in nutritional and health products serving human life." [25]
Vinamilk's vision represents the spirit of always striving to develop, maintain its position and become the leading "symbol of trust" in Vietnam That is Vinamilk's goal and striving to become a brand that consumers can trust and value Vinamilk aspires to be the most trusted Vietnamese brand for nutritious and healthy products that contribute to people's well- being Their focus on trust and health highlights their commitment to quality and customer health This may require Vinamilk to maintain and enhance product quality, customer service and corporate ethical commitment.
“Vinamilk is committed to providing the community with top quality nutrition and quality through our respect, love and high responsibility to human life and society.” [25] Vinamilk's mission is a commitment to Vietnamese consumers Appreciation, love and responsibility to society are the driving forces for Vinamilk to fulfill its commitment That is to bring the community top quality nutrition and quality This indicates a commitment to the well-being of the community and society as a whole, not just profit.
A strong foundation is essential for any successful organization, and Vinamilk recognizes this The company emphasizes several core values that serve as guiding principles, shaping their overall mission and vision [26]
- Integrity: Vinamilk affirms its integrity and honesty when behaving and conducting transactions Integrity is not only evident in the company's communication and behavior, but is also a top criterion in all business decisions Vinamilk commits not to accept any acts of fraud or corruption from management to regular employees.
- Respect: Vinamilk's values are expressed through respect for oneself, colleagues, and the company At the same time, the company promotes respect for partners and cooperation in a spirit of prestige and professionalism Vinamilk is always interested in creating a positive working environment, respecting diversity and sustainable development.
- Fairness is one of Vinamilk's core principles when working with all partners, including employees, suppliers, business partners and social communities This means the company ensures every decision and action is taken fairly, without bias or discrimination based on any criteria.
- Ethics is an indispensable part of the behavior of every Vinamilk employee All members of the company are encouraged and required to comply with established values and ethical principles, in accordance with the organization's general standards. This ensures that all actions and decisions are grounded in ethics and social responsibility.
- Compliance is important to ensure that Vinamilk operates in accordance with the law and the company's internal regulations All employees are required to comply with all regulations related to their work, including Laws, Code of Conduct and policies and regulations established by the company This helps ensure accuracy and transparency in all Vinamilk activities and build a trustworthy and sustainable working environment. The above 5 core values are considered factors in building a corporate culture, motivating each member to work responsibly, ensuring output quality On the other hand, they also increase recognition and create a deep impression on consumers about the leading milk brand.
Considering customers as the center and meeting all customer needs Vinamilk wishes to become a favorite product in every region and territory Therefore, we believe that quality and creativity are Vinamilk's companions In addition, Vinamilk constantly improves and diversifies products and services, ensures quality, food safety and hygiene at competitive prices, respects business ethics and complies with the law to satisfy customers and responsible to customers.
Vinamilk divides target customers into 2 groups:
Individual customer group are consumers who have a need to purchase and are willing to pay for dairy products, especially parents with children from 0-6 years old This group of customers has relatively diverse product needs (good product quality, product nutritional value, reasonable price, eye-catching packaging design ) and accounts for a fairly high proportion of total revenue [27] Vinamilk focuses on consumers from all ages and social classes They offer a variety of dairy products and functional foods to meet the nutritional needs of everyone, from children to the elderly Vinamilk targets the family market, meeting the family's daily needs Vinamilk provides dairy products specifically for children and students, such as milk for children from 1-6 years old, helping to provide necessary nutrition for comprehensive development In addition, Vinamilk also targets specialized consumers such as exercisers, bodybuilders and people who want to improve their health through functional food products.
Organizational customer group are distributors, wholesalers, retailers, stores, supermarkets who need and are ready to distribute Vinamilk's product lines This group prioritizes factors that ensure efficient product distribution, such as competitive pricing, sales incentives, timely order fulfillment, and alignment on distribution strategies [27] By addressing the needs of both individual and organizational buyers, Vinamilk establishes a robust system that delivers its products to consumers and secures a strong market position.
Building long-term and sustainable development goals for major domestic and foreign suppliers is Vinamilk's main goal to ensure a stable supply of raw materials not only of high quality but also at reasonable prices both very competitive.
In addition, dairy farms are extremely important strategic partners of Vinamilk in providing consumers with top-quality products Milk purchased from farms must always meet the quality standards signed between Vinamilk and domestic dairy farms.
In Vietnam, the dairy industry has witnessed many fierce Vietnamese milk races between leading companies In the halo of this race, the name Vinamilk - the tycoon of the Vietnamese dairy industry - shines with a solid brand and leading position Vinamilk faces fierce competition from many domestic and foreign competitors such as TH True Milk, Nestle, Abbott, Mead Johnson, Nutifood, Moc Chau and many other dairy companies.
+ TH True Milk: Thanks to its focus on dairy products, TH True Milk has achieved significant success and occupied an important position in the fresh milk market, accounting for about 43% of the market share, reaching the top 3 milk manufacturers Leading in Vietnam. This company has become a formidable opponent that Vinamilk must be wary of, the competition is strong and extremely fierce in the fresh milk industry in Vietnam.