report for individual assignment corruption in viet nam

One ofthe four threats is a decline in public confidence in the Party, the State, and thesocialist government; preventing and combating corruption is recognized as aprotracted, challengi

REPORT FOR INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

CORRUPTION IN VIET NAM

1 Overview of corruption in Vietnam

We have many advantages in the work of constructing and defending the Fatherland: the compassion, confidence, and support of the people; the Party and State's concern appropriate development orientation; international support and assistance On the other hand, we also face many obstacles and challenges The national calamity of our country, corruption, is one of the issues that makes things tough and has a significant impact on the work of constructing and defending our Vietnamese Fatherland One of the four threats is a decline in public confidence in the Party, the State, and the socialist government; preventing and combating corruption is recognized as a protracted, challenging, and intricate battle The government has been working to improve the nation's anti-corruption legal system since 2005

1.1 Extent of corruption

In the context of the Government promoting anti-corruption as a key work during this term, the 2022 PAPI survey results show that public attitudes towards this issue are changing The proportion of respondents saying corruption is an important issue that needs the State to focus on solving will increase by 4.8% in 2022, compared to 2021 This trend is consistent with the findings of the Content Index 'Control control of corruption in the public sector', with the number of people noting the effectiveness of local government corruption control falling for the first time since 2016 The cause of this decrease is the proportion of people saying that it is necessary to rely on familiar relationships with people in positions of power and authority to get a job in a state agency, and the proportion of people having to "share expenses" when completing land use rights registration procedures also increases increase

According to the 2022 Corruption Perception Index Report recently published by Transparency International, Vietnam scored 42/100 points, ranked 77/180 countries and territories, an increase of 3 points and 10 places compared to the survey in 2021 and increased by 6 points, 27 places compared to 2020 Looking at the score, Vietnam

is below average, this proves that the level of corruption in our country is still high

However, the Towards Transparency Organization - TI's focal point in Vietnam recorded positive signs in Vietnam's anti-corruption efforts increasing year by year and is currently one of six countries in the world The Asia-Pacific region has made outstanding progress and shown that the work of preventing and combating corruption and negativity is increasingly effective and has actively contributed to the country's development process According to research by experts and international financial organisations, if the corruption perception index ranked by Transparency International increases by 1 point, this shows that the Government or that country is less corrupt more, equivalent to the production capacity of society increasing by 0.4% of GDP

1.2 Forms of Corruption

From a taxonomic perspective, corruption is also expressed in the following forms:

Grand corruption, petty corruption: According to the United Nations Anti-Corruption

Toolkit, grand corruption is the type of corruption that penetrates to the highest levels

of the national government, eroding trust in sound governance, the rule of law and economic stability Petty corruption is corruption that involves the exchange of small amounts of money, insignificant favours by those seeking favours, or the use of friends or relatives holding minor positions Thus, it can be seen that major corruption often takes place in the field of state economic management, with common phenomena such as: asset embezzlement, setting up ghost projects, fake projects to withdraw money, bribery high-ranking officials of the state apparatus to win bids for large projects, "kickbacks" when signing public asset procurement contracts ; Petty corruption is a common form of corruption caused by phenomena such as: providing envelopes to doctors in hospitals; collect higher tuition fees than state regulations in schools; bribery in traffic police, harassment and extortion by officials of state management agencies

Political corruption: is a form of corruption formed by collusion between influential

people in the political system, mainly high-ranking officials in the ruling apparatus, to create decisions, or seek to bias government decisions in favour of an individual, business or certain interest groups Thus, political corruption can be understood as the abuse of assigned political power for private gain, with the purpose of increasing power or assets The manifestation of this form of corruption is: using one's political

position and political influence to interfere in whether or not to make a political decision (policy, law, agreement ) favouritism for personal gain; buying, selling, exchanging political positions, positions of power, running for office, running for power, then using your position for personal gain…

Administrative corruption: is a form of corruption that commonly occurs in

administrative management activities of administrative civil servants There, those empowered with power have used administrative power and administrative procedures

to create difficulties for citizens or organisations for personal gain Manifestations of administrative corruption are: harassment and harassment in the implementation of a specific procedure or decision that citizens and organisations have the right to receive from state administrative agencies; bias in law enforcement…

Economic corruption: is a form of corruption that occurs in economic management

activities such as production, business, services, public asset procurement, asset management carried out by people with authority in the business State economic management, competent people in state-owned enterprises Manifestations of economic corruption are: illegal appropriation of state and citizen assets for personal gain; making illegal or biassed economic decisions for personal gain; Taking advantage of legal loopholes or violating the law to conduct production, business, profiteering, causing damage to society…

2 Example - "Inflated prices" of Covid-19 test kits.

2021 is a year when the Party and State are very drastic in implementing anti-corruption work Many major economic and corruption cases have been discovered, fought, investigated, prosecuted and brought to trial A series of key officials and former senior leaders who committed violations were criminally prosecuted

In 2021, a series of cases of bidding violations in the medical field were discovered and investigated and prosecuted, such as the incident at Bach Mai Hospital and Hanoi Heart Hospital Especially the arrest of Deputy Minister of Health Truong Quoc Cuong for irresponsibility causing serious consequences Not stopping there, in the

last days of 2021, public opinion continued to stir as the Investigation Agency of the Ministry of Public Security continued to uncover the case of "inflating the price" of Covid-19 test kits

Accordingly, Viet A Company was founded by Phan Quoc Viet, holding the position

of Chairman of the Board of Directors and General Director, legal representative In April 2020, Viet A Company was licensed by the Ministry of Health to register for circulation of the Covid-19 test kit product To date, Viet A Company has provided Covid test kits to the Center for Disease Control and other medical facilities in 62 provinces and cities across the country with a revenue of nearly 4,000 billion VND

As a result of the initial investigation, Phan Quoc Viet and other key leaders of Viet A Company admitted: The process of trading and consuming Covid-19 test kits produced by Viet A Company took advantage of the Due to the urgent need for Covid-19 testing in localities across the country, the Covid-19 Test Kit product is on the list of applications for the shortened Directive Contracting form, so Phan Quoc Viet proactively provided equipment and materials medical biological products in advance for use by hospitals and CDCs in provinces and cities

Then, colluding with the leaders of these units to validate the Directive Bidding documents by using Viet A Company to use legal entities in the system (Joint Venture Company, Subsidiary Company) to prepare product offering documents , confirming false quotes to complete documents, sign contracts, and make payments to Viet A Company according to the price offered by Viet A Company, which is much higher than the production cost

At the same time, to be assigned to supply medical equipment and supplies in advance, consume in large quantities, increase revenue and profits and be facilitated in completing documents, making payments according to prices set by the Vietnamese Company A suggested that Phan Quoc Viet also agreed to spend large amounts of money on officials and leaders of purchasing units

To gain illegal profits and spend money outside the contract, Phan Quoc Viet and the subjects of Viet A Company inflated equipment prices and input raw material costs into the explanation of the price structure to determine the selling price is 470,000

VND/Kit; Negotiate and pay % of the contract to leaders of hospitals and CDCs of provinces and cities during the product supply process

Up to now, the Police Investigation Agency of the Ministry of Public Security has initially clarified violations in Viet A Company's sale of Covid-19 test kits to CDC Hai Duong through 05 contracts with a total value of 151 billion VND, Phan said Quoc Viet spent % of money outside the contract for Pham Duy Tuyen, Director of Hai Duong CDC, an amount of nearly 30 billion VND

3 Anti-corruption in Vietnam

10 years since the Central Steering Committee on Anti-Corruption was established with the General Secretary as Head, with the determination and efforts of the entire political system, anti-corruption work has been promoted unprecedented, delivering landmark results

Fighting corruption and negativity is becoming more and more methodical and effective, drawing many valuable lessons and experiences, and deterrence is becoming stronger and stronger The trust of cadres, party members and people in the Party is increasingly strengthened: Saying goes hand in hand with doing 120 cases with more than 1,000 defendants, including 37 defendants who were former officials under central management, were criminally prosecuted In particular, there is 1 Politburo member, 6 Ministers, former Ministers, 2 Provincial and City Party Secretaries, 8 Provincial and City Presidents Nearly 61,000/175,000 billion VND was recovered, reaching a rate of nearly 34.7%

With the spirit of fiercely bringing the fight against corruption to a new level, the Party is and will carry out many stronger measures, both in breadth and depth, going into difficult and complicated areas that were previously difficult to overcome never done

Firstly, build a team of cadres and party members who are truly virtuous and talented; Vietnamese people comprehensively develop truth, goodness, and beauty.

Uncle Ho once asserted: "Cadres are the root of all work", "All success or failure depends on good or bad cadres" The Party's cadres are the decisive factor in making great and historically significant achievements in the work of building and protecting

the country However, there is still a deterioration in political ideology, ethics, lifestyle, individualism, group interests, wastefulness, insensitivity, and achievement disease in a large number of officials and party members Therefore, building a team

of truly virtuous and talented cadres and party members is the most important task of the entire political system, both immediate and long-term, and must be carried out regularly and carefully scientific and effective Not only is it the work of political and ideological education, but it is also necessary to discover, select, train and employ people with qualified standards of virtue and talent in schools and society to build a team of cadres have virtue - talent, have heart - vision

To build a team of cadres with sufficient virtue and talent, it is necessary to "Build a National Strategy to attract and utilise talented people in a direction that does not distinguish between Party members or non-Party members, Vietnamese people at home or abroad." In fact, there are many employees in agencies, businesses, and students who are not party members, but they are very responsible for their work, have good moral qualities, and are absolutely loyal to the Party Fatherland, with the People and very good in many professional fields If the government knows how to attract and utilise them in appropriate leadership positions, it will increase the strength

of the leadership and professional staff in the agency On the other hand, if we can do that, we will limit the degenerate, degenerate, greedy for fame, power-hungry elements who sneak into the Party with the purpose of being promoted and appointed

To build a team of dedicated staff, we also need to make a breakthrough in the salary system To ensure that officials have to live and live well on their salaries so that they

do not need to be corrupt Our country has gone through four salary system reforms But in reality, the set goal was not achieved Therefore, a breakthrough in salary reform is an urgent requirement both in the immediate and long term to prevent and combat corruption If we cannot do this, many proposed anti-corruption solutions will only be a formality However, nowadays, many people engage in corruption to get rich and very rich, so along with a breakthrough in wages, we must also strictly punish organisations and individuals who commit violations and corruption

Second, promote the improvement of the power control mechanism

The basic problem of controlling state power is to make the State apparatus capable of both controlling society and forcing the State to control itself The Party and State have many legal documents to control power However, it still does not cover all areas

and there are still loopholes in legal documents Therefore, the important task according to General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong is to build: A socialist rule of law state is a state with a modern, strict, and strictly implemented legal system The National Assembly needs to direct the review and improvement of power control institutions, focusing in the immediate future on areas prone to corruption: Budget and financial management, public assets, land, construction, and customs Customs, taxes, personnel management In order for all power to be controlled by mechanism, as the General Secretary often said: "Power must be locked in a cage of mechanism" It is necessary to completely separate ministries, branches, and departments from business units Ministries and branches are state management agencies, responsible for advising the Party and State on guidelines, policies, and sectoral planning and inspecting the implementation of those guidelines Enterprises conduct business according to the law: Laws on land, environment, enterprises, budget, finance and accounting, taxes, food hygiene End the situation where business units belong to ministries, branch These are the backyard businesses of ministries and branches and are the cause of collective corruption cases Business lines with the same products must have many businesses competing equally against monopoly Recently, the Telecommunications and Aviation industries have done quite well, leading to promoting economic development and lowering costs Controlling power in personnel work is even more important and necessary, in order to resolutely eliminate the practice of running for position, running for power, running for planning, running for rotation on the principle that all power must be strictly controlled by mechanism Along with perfecting the mechanism, it is necessary to promote administrative reform and eliminate cumbersome procedures Eliminate the "ask - give" mechanism

as much as possible This is the condition where corruption arises Minimise the appointment of contractors in construction investment projects with state capital Strengthen the application of science and technology in all areas of state administration, corporate governance, and personnel management Maximise e-government and digital government Maximum application of digital technology in recruitment exams, appointments, and transfer of cadres of party and state agencies, socio-political organisations and bidding for projects under the state budget , to avoid imposing human subjectivity on the exam results Recently, the Transport Industry applied technology in driving licence exams, tax and customs declarations using electronic declarations, which has limited many negativity and corruption Promote

the use of bank cards, minimise the use of cash in social transactions, in order to control the flow of money while limiting corruption and preventing money laundering…

Third, enhance openness and transparency in all activities of the State and society

Openness and transparency are important elements of effective national governance and ensuring democracy in the rule of law of the State It is one of four important solutions to limit negative corruption Our Party and State have had many resolutions and policies to enhance openness and transparency However, there are still many loopholes and heavy formalities Therefore, in the coming time, it is necessary to further strengthen openness and transparency, first of all focusing on state management in areas prone to negativity and corruption: Budget finance, projects, etc public investment projects and public assets In public investment projects, it is necessary to be transparent right from the time of project review and approval, minimising adjustments to project content and investment capital Currently, many newly approved projects have asked to adjust their project content, thereby increasing the total investment capital by 2-3 times The conversion and leasing of public assets

is causing huge waste, especially when the headquarters of ministries, branches and people's committees are moved, the management is very wasteful This is currently a fertile ground for some degenerate officials and interest groups to turn public property into private property Publicise planning of urban areas and land use planning Publicise the procedures for granting business registration licences, granting land use rights, etc

Regarding staff work: It is necessary to publicise the number and standards of officials who need to be recruited, promoted, appointed, go to school, go abroad this has been regulated but is still not truly democratic and carries a heavy burden formality that needs to be changed, especially public declaration of assets of officials must be improved, more effective, responsible for the declaration, need to be more widely publicised so that officials and people monitor

Expanding the forms and scale of publicity: Many activities are still formal, such as publicity in land use planning, many people in the planning area do not know, or vice versa, the planning has not been published The declaration was leaked, many people took the opportunity to build temporary houses and plant trees to receive compensation

Four, enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of legality in law enforcement

Currently, many legal regulations are not seriously enforced In reports from many Party congresses, it was assessed: "The Party's leadership and direction, the State's management and administration in a number of fields are not focused, resolute, and decisive; Discipline and discipline are not strict Organisation and implementation is still a weak step" (2) The 13th Party Congress also stated: "Direction and implementation are still weak and slow to be overcome, making laws and resolutions slow to be implemented and of low effectiveness." We can easily see this

in many stages and many fields It can be cited as: The Land Law clearly stipulates the authority to grant land, change the purpose of use but currently most provinces and cities have a situation of dividing lots, selling plots, and illegally building houses on land agriculture, which lasted for a long time but not many people were punished Many illegally built urban areas have existed for many years right in the centres of provinces, cities, and districts without anyone taking responsibility Many provinces have dozens of hectares of primaeval forests destroyed but no provincial or ministerial leaders have been disciplined Or in personnel work, there are many officers who are appointed quickly; Many families "whole family are officials", appointing unqualified officials causes frustration in society and reduces people's trust

However, with the drastic, regular, comprehensive, and synchronous implementation

of the fight against corruption and negativity by the Party and State, we believe in the work of preventing and combating deterioration in political ideology… ethics, lifestyle, prevention and fight against corruption and waste will yield good results

4 Reference

';;' (2019, March 9) ';;' - YouTube Retrieved November 7, 2023,

https://special.nhandan.vn/daian2021/index.html,

Dấu mốc 10 năm phòng, chống tham nhũng: Đấu tranh phòng, chống tham nhũng đã thành phong trào, xu thế (2022, June 25) VTV.vn Retrieved November 7, 2023,