giải phẫu răng ứng dụng

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Chủ biên: TRẦN NGỌC QUẢNG PHI

GIẢI PHẪU RĂNG

ỨNG DỤNG

PHẦN I

ĐẠI CƯƠNG

ĐẠI CƯƠNG VỀ GIẢI PHẪU RĂNG

76%67UҫQ1JӑF4XҧQJ3KL

MỤC TIêU

1. Trìnhbàyđượcphạmvivàlĩnhvựcmônhọcgiảiphẫurăng.

2. Trìnhbàyđượckháiquáthệrăngvàcấutrúccơquanrăng.

3. Nhậnthứcđượctầmquantrọngcủamônhọcgiảiphẫurăng.

4. Vậndụngđượcphươngpháphọcgiảiphẫurăng

1 KHÁI QUÁT Về MÔN HọC GIẢI PHẪU RĂNG

1.1 Phạm vi môn học giải phẫu răng

*LҧLSKүXUăQJOjPӝWP{QQKDNKRDFѫVӣQJKLrQFӭXÿһFÿLӇPKuQKWKiLFӫDUăQJ

FXQJUăQJWURQJWѭѫQJTXDQYӟLQKDXYjYӟLFiFFҩXWU~FNKiFFӫDKӋWKӕQJQKDL7URQJ

QKDNKRDSKҥPYLP{QKӑFJLҧLSKүXUăQJFKӫ\ӃXOjEӝUăQJQJѭӡL&iFÿһFÿLӇPKuQK

WKiLFӫDWӯQJUăQJWӯQJQKyPUăQJYӟLFiFFKӭFQăQJFKX\rQELӋWYjWRjQEӝFXQJUăQJ

KDLKjPWURQJWѭѫQJTXDQEDFKLӅXNK{QJJLDQOjQKӳQJYҩQÿӅFKtQKFӫDP{QKӑF%rQ

FҥQKQJKLrQFӭXFiFÿһFÿLӇPKuQKWKiLP{QKӑFJLҧLSKүXUăQJFzQÿӅFұSQKӳQJӭQJ

GөQJWURQJFiFÿLӅXWUӏFKX\rQQJjQKQKDNKRD

*LҧLSKүXUăQJOjP{QKӑFFѫVӣOjPQӅQWҧQJFKRKҫXKӃWFiFP{QKӑFWURQJFKX\rQ

QJjQKQKDNKRD7ULWKӭFNKRDKӑFYӅJLҧLSKүXUăQJEDRJӗPKӋWKӕQJFiFNKiLQLӋPFѫ

EҧQYjFiFTX\OXұWYӅKuQKWKiLWURQJWѭѫQJTXDQYӟLFKӭFQăQJKӋWKӕQJQKDLÿһFELӋW

OjFKӭFQăQJQKDLYjFKӭFQăQJWӵEҧRYӋFӫDEӝUăQJ&iFTX\OXұWKuQKWKiLNK{QJFKӍ

JL~SKLӇXU}EҧQFKҩWFiFÿһFÿLӇPKuQKWKiLFӫDUăQJYjEӝUăQJPjFzQFXQJFҩSPӝWFѫ

VӣOêOXұQWURQJWKӵFKjQKOkPVjQJYjÿLӅXWUӏGӵSKzQJ

1.2 Các lĩnh vực giải phẫu răng

%rQFҥQKSKҫQJLҧLSKүXUăQJSKөFYөFKROkPVjQJFzQFyQKӳQJOƭQKYӵFNKiFFӫD

JLҧLSKүXUăQJSKөFYөFKRQJKLrQFӭXJLiPÿӏQKKD\SKiSOêQKѭJLҧLSKүXVRViQK

UăQJFәQKDKӑFQKkQKӑFUăQJYjSKiSQKD

1.2.1 Giải phẫu so sánh răng

7ҩWFҧFiFORjLÿӝQJYұWFy[ѭѫQJVӕQJÿӅXFyUăQJ7X\QKLrQUăQJPӛLORjLFyPӝW

ÿһFÿLӇPNKiFQKDX&iFORjLFjQJJҫQJLӕQJQKDXWKuKӋUăQJFNJQJJҫQWѭѫQJÿӗQJ6R

ViQKKӋUăQJFiFORjLNKiFQKDXFKRSKpSÿiQKJLi[XKѭӟQJWLӃQKRiYjVӵWKtFKӭQJYӅ

KuQKWKiLYjFKӭFQăQJFӫDFiFORjLWURQJQKӳQJÿLӅXNLӋQP{LWUѭӡQJVӕQJNKiFQKDX

6RViQKKuQKWKiLKӋWKӕQJQKDLFzQFKRSKpSÿiQKJLiQKӳQJҧQKKѭӣQJFӫDEӝUăQJÿӃQ

KuQKWKiLYjSKiWWULӇQFӫDWRjQEӝKӋWKӕQJVӑPһWFNJQJQKѭÿһFÿLӇPEӋQKOêKӋWKӕQJ

QKDLӣQJѭӡL

H

1.2.2 Cổ nha học

&әQKDKӑFQJKLrQFӭXUăQJQJѭӡLFәOjPӝWQJjQKTXDQWUӑQJFӫDNKҧRFәKӑFYjFә

QKkQKӑFYӅQJѭӡLFә[ѭDYjP{LWUѭӡQJVӕQJ'RUăQJOjFҩXWU~FWKѭӡQJWӗQWҥLOkXGjL

YjFyWKӇOjGX\QKҩWFzQOҥLWURQJOzQJÿҩWFӫDFiFGLFӕWFәQJKLrQFӭXYӅUăQJOX{QFy

YӏWUtYjWҫPTXDQWUӑQJWURQJFәQKkQKӑFYjJLҧLSKүXKӑFVRViQK

1.2.3 Nhân học răng

1KkQKӑFUăQJQJKLrQFӭXVӵWѭѫQJÿӗQJYjGӏELӋWYӅKuQKWKiLUăQJJLӳDFiFFӝQJ

ÿӗQJQJѭӡLWUrQWKӃJLӟL1KLӅXÿһFWUѭQJYӅKuQKWKiLUăQJOjQKӳQJÿһFÿLӇPFyWtQKGL

WUX\ӅQYjÿѭӧFGX\WUuEӅQYӳQJtWEӏҧQKKѭӣQJEӣLP{LWUѭӡQJVӕQJ'RYұ\QJKLrQ

FӭXQKkQKӑFUăQJJySSKҫQTXDQWUӑQJWURQJSKkQORҥLFKӫQJWӝFORjLQJѭӡLWӯPӭFÿҥL

FKӫQJÿӃQWLӇXFKӫQJYjORҥLKuQK

1.2.4 Pháp nha

3KiSQKDOjPӝWSKkQQJjQKFӫDSKiS\QJKLrQFӭXYӅUăQJYjQKӳQJGҩXYӃWOLrQ

TXDQÿӃQUăQJSKөFYөFKRF{QJWiFJLiPÿӏQKYjÿLӅXWUDSKiSOê3KiSQKDJӗPOƭQK

YӵFJLiPÿӏQKQKұQGҥQJUăQJQKұQGҥQJUăQJWURQJWDLQҥQWKҧPKRҥSKkQWtFKYӃWFҳQ

SKkQWtFKGҩXKLӋXOҥPGөQJYjFiFYҩQÿӅSKiSOêOLrQTXDQQKDNKRD&iFÿһFÿLӇPQKұQ

GҥQJUăQJOjPӝWF{QJFөKӳXtFKNKLÿӕLFKLӃXÿһFÿLӇPUăQJFӫDQҥQQKkQVRYӟLOѭX

WUӳQӃXFyWURQJWUѭӡQJKӧSNK{QJWKӇVӱGөQJFiFÿһFÿLӇPQKұQGҥQJNKiFĈһFÿLӇP

QKұQGҥQJQj\FyWKӇJL~SQKұQGLӋQÿѭӧFFKtQK[iFQҥQQKkQQKѭWURQJWUѭӡQJKӧSWӱ

YRQJGRFKi\KRһFWKLWKӇOkXQJj\ÿmSKkQKXӹ

2 SƠ lƯợC CƠ QUaN NHaI VÀ CÁC HỆ RĂNG

2.1 Cơ quan nhai

&ѫTXDQQKDLPDVWLFDWRU\RUJDQKD\KӋWKӕQJQKDLPDVWLFDWRU\V\VWHPOjPӝWWәQJ

WKӇPӝWÿѫQYӏFKӭFQăQJEDRJӗPQKLӅXWKjQKSKҫQUăQJP{QKDFKX[ѭѫQJKjP

NKӟSWKiLGѭѫQJKjPWX\ӃQQѭӟFEӑWKӋWKӕQJFiFFѫKjPKӋWKӕQJFѫEiPGDYjP{

PӅPYQJPLӋQJFQJYӟLKӋWKӕQJPҥFKPiXQX{LGѭӥQJWKҫQNLQKFKLSKӕLYjGX\WUu

FKӭFQăQJFӫDFiFFѫTXDQWUrQ7KjQKSKҫQUăQJYjQKDFKXOLrQKӋPұWWKLӃWYӟLQKDX

WҥRQrQFѫTXDQUăQJ

&KӭFQăQJFKtQKFӫDFѫTXDQQKDLOjWKӵFKLӋQFKӭFQăQJQKDLQJKLӅQWKӭFăQ1JRjL

FKӭFQăQJăQQKDLE~QXӕWFѫTXDQQKDLFzQÿҧPQKұQQKLӅXFKӭFQăQJTXDQWUӑQJNKiF

QKѭFKӭFQăQJSKiWkPFKӭFQăQJWKҭPPӻFKӭFQăQJELӇXFҧPFKӭFQăQJJLDRWLӃS

FKӭFQăQJÿLӅXFKӍQKWѭWKӃSRVWXUDOIXQFWLRQYjFKӭFQăQJNLӇPVRiWNtFK[~FVWUHVV

PDQDJHPHQW9uYұ\VӭFNKRҿFѫTXDQQKDLFyWҫPTXDQWUӑQJÿһFELӋWYӟLFKҩWOѭӧQJ

FXӝFVӕQJWURQJ[mKӝL

2.2 Đặc điểm tổng quát các hệ răng

%ӝUăQJQJѭӡLW\WKHRJLDLÿRҥQJӗPKӋUăQJVӳDKD\UăQJWҥPWKӡLO~FFzQQKӓYjKӋ

UăQJYƭQKYLӉQEҳWÿҫXPӑFYjWKD\WKӃFiFUăQJVӳDWӯO~FViXWXәL*LDLÿRҥQWӯViXWXәLÿӃQ

PѭӡLKDLWXәLWUrQFXQJUăQJFyFҧUăQJVӳDYjUăQJYƭQKYLӉQJӑLOjJLDLÿRҥQUăQJKӛQKӧS

i c ng gi i h răng

&iFUăQJFyKuQKGҥQJNKiFQKDXW\WKHRFKӭFQăQJ&iFUăQJFyFKӭFQăQJFҳQYj

[pQҵPSKtDWUѭӟFJӗPUăQJFӱDYjUăQJQDQKÿѭӧFJӑLOjUăQJWUѭӟF&iFUăQJFyFKӭF

QăQJQKDLQJKLӅQWKӭFăQQҵPSKtDVDXJӗPUăQJFӕLQKӓYjUăQJFӕLOӟQFzQJӑLOjUăQJ

VDX&iFUăQJWUѭӟFYjUăQJFӕLQKӓFyPӝWFKkQULrQJUăQJFӕLQKӓWKӭQKҩWKjPWUrQ

WKѭӡQJFyKDLFKkQ5ăQJFӕLOӟQOjUăQJFyQKLӅXFKkQWURQJÿyUăQJFӕLOӟQKjPWUrQFy

EDFKkQYjUăQJFӕLOӟQKjPGѭӟLFyKDLFKkQ7X\QKLrQUăQJFӕLOӟQKjPGѭӟLFNJQJFy

WKӇFyEDFKkQKRһFEӕQFKkQ

&iFUăQJVҳS[ӃSWKHRGҥQJYzQJFXQJWUrQPӛLKjPYӟLWKkQUăQJQK{YjRNKRDQJ

PLӋQJFyEӕQPһWFKXQJTXDQKYjPӝWPһWWLӃS[~FYӟLUăQJÿӕLGLӋQ+DLPһWWLӃS[~F

YӟLFiFUăQJNӃFұQOjPһWJҫQYjPһW[DWURQJÿyPһWJҫQOjPһWӣJҫQÿѭӡQJJLӳDKѫQ

+DLPһWFzQOҥLOjPһWQJRjLKѭӟQJYӅSKtDWLӅQÿuQKPLӋQJYjPһWWURQJKѭӟQJYӅSKtD

OѭӥL0һWWLӃS[~FYӟLUăQJÿӕLGLӋQKD\WLӃS[~FQKDLFyQKLӅXGҥQJNKiFQKDXW\WKHR

FKӭFQăQJ&iFUăQJFӱDFyGҥQJEӡJӑLOjEӡFҳQUăQJFӕLOӟQYjUăQJFӕLQKӓYӟLFKӭF

QăQJQKDLQJKLӅQFyGҥQJPһWQKLӅXP~LJӑLOjPһWQKDL5LrQJUăQJQDQKYӟLFKӭFQăQJ

[pFyGҥQJPӝWP~LQKӑQ

+ӋUăQJYƭQKYLӉQFyWӯKDLPѭѫLWiPUăQJÿӃQEDPѭѫLKDLUăQJ+uQKYӟLÿһF

ÿLӇPFKXQJQKѭVDX

5ăQJFӱDFyWKkQUăQJGҥQJKuQK[ҿQJWKtFK

QJKLYӟLFKӭFQăQJFҳWWKӭFăQ0ӛLKjPFyKDL

UăQJFӱDJLӳDYjKDLUăQJFӱDErQӢKjPWUrQ

UăQJFӱDJLӳDFyNtFKWKѭӟFOӟQKѫQQKLӅXVRYӟL

UăQJFӱDErQQKѭQJӣKjPGѭӟLUăQJFӱDJLӳDOҥL

QKӓKѫQUăQJFӱDErQ



 5ăQJ QDQK Fy WKkQ UăQJ JҫQ JLӕQJ UăQJ

FӱDFӝQJ WKrPSKҫQFKyS WDPJLiF SKtD

WLӃS[~FQKDL0һWQJRjLUăQJQDQKFRQJ

OӗLQKLӅXKѫQVRYӟLUăQJFӱD&KkQUăQJ

QDQKGjLQKҩWWURQJFiFUăQJÿһFELӋWOj

UăQJQDQKWUrQÿҧPEҧRFKӭFQăQJKѭӟQJ

GүQWURQJFiFYұQÿӝQJUDWUѭӟFYjVDQJ

ErQFӫDKjPGѭӟL



 5ăQJFӕLQKӓFyWKkQUăQJGҥQJKuQKNKӕL

OұSSKѭѫQJYӟLPһWQJRjLJҫQJLӕQJUăQJ

QDQKQKѭQJFkQ[ӭQJKѫQYjP~LUăQJtW

QKӑQKѫQ0һWQKDLUăQJFӕLQKӓJӗPKDL

P~LQJRjLYjWURQJ5ăQJFӕLQKӓWKѭӡQJ

FKӍFyPӝWFKkQWUӯUăQJFӕLQKӓWKӭQKҩW

KjPWUrQFyKDLFKkQ Hình 1.1 ăng nh i n h tr n

h i (nguồn: Wheeler’s dental anatomy, physiology and oclcusion, Saunder,

10 ed, 2015).

H

5ăQJ FӕL OӟQ Fy NtFK WKѭӟF OӟQ QKҩW WURQJ WҩW Fҧ FiF UăQ FӕL OӟQ WKӭ QKҩW Yj WKӭ KDL Fy NtFK WKѭӟF Yj KuQK GҥQJ t OӟQ WKӭ ED WKD\ ÿəL UҩW QKLӅX 0һW QKDL UăQJ FӕL OӟQ Fy

VR YӟL FiF UăQJ NKiF WKtFK ӭQJ YӟL FKӭF QăQJ QKDL QJKLӅQ +Ӌ UăQJ VӳD JӗP Fy KDL PѭѫL UăQJ PӛL KjP JӗP EӕQ UăQJ F JLӳD Yj KDL UăQJ FӱD ErQ KDL UăQJ QDQK Yj EӕQ UăQJ FӕL

Wӯ NKRҧQJ ViX WKiQJ WXəL ÿӃQ ED PѭѫL WKiQJ WXəL +uQK

VӁ ÿѭӧF WKD\ WKӃ GҫQ EӣL FiF UăQJ YƭQK YLӉQ WѭѫQJ ӭQJ W ViX WXəL ÿӃQ PѭӡL KDL WXəL &iF UăQJ VӳD WUѭӟF Fy ÿһF ÿLӇ YLӉQ WѭѫQJ ӭQJ QKѭQJ NtFK WKѭӟF QKӓ KѫQ QKLӅX 5ăQJ FӕL YӟL UăQJ FӕL OӟQ YƭQK YLӉQ WKӭ QKҩW FzQ UăQJ FӕL VӳD WK WLӃS JLӳD UăQJ FӕL QKӓ Yj UăQJ FӕL OӟQ YƭQK YLӉQ

Hình 1.2 ăng a h tr n h i răng c i răng nh i n

(nguồn: Wheeler’s dental anatomy, physiology and oclcusion, Saunder, 10 ed, 2015).

3 SƠ lƯợC CẤU TRÚC CƠ QUaN RĂNG

3.1 Sơ lược cấu trúc răng

5ăQJ Oj PӝW FҩX WU~F Fy QKLӋP

Yө FҳW [p Yj QJKLӅQ WKӭF ăQ NKL QKDL

5ăQJ Fy FҩX WҥR SKӭF WҥS JӗP P{

FӭQJ ErQ QJRjL PHQ UăQJ QJj UăQJ

Yj [r PăQJ UăQJ Yj P{ PӅP ErQ

WURQJ Oj PӝW ORҥL P{ OLrQ NӃW ÿһF ELӋW

Wӫ\ UăQJ 0ӛL UăQJ JӗP SKҫQ QK{

YjR WURQJ PLӋQJ SKӫ EӣL PHQ UăQJ

JӑL Oj WKkQ UăQJ Yj SKҫQ QҵP WURQJ

[ѭѫQJ ə UăQJ SKӫ EӣL [r PăQJ JӑL

Oj FKkQ UăQJ 0HQ Yj [r PăQJ UăQJ

SKkQ FiFK QKDX EӣL Y QJ QӕL PHQ [r

răng nha ch

n răng THÂN

CHÂN

g răng

ch ng nha ch

răng

răng

ng răng

h răng

ng n i n ăng ăng

ăng

i c ng gi i h răng 7KkQ UăQJ SKkQ ELӋW OjP KDL ORҥL Oj WKkQ UăQJ JLҧL SKүX Yj W UăQJ JLҧL SKүX Oj SKҫQ EDR SKӫ EӣL PHQ UăQJ QKѭQJ WKkQ UăQJ OkP YjR WURQJ PLӋQJ Fy WKӇ FKӍ JӗP PӝW SKҫQ WKkQ UăQJ JLҧL SKүX KR JLҧL SKүX Yj PӝW SKҫQ FKkQ UăQJ &KkQ UăQJ QҵP WURQJ [ѭѫQJ ə U [ѭѫQJ ə TXD KӋ WKӕQJ Gk\ FKҵQJ JӑL Oj Gk\ FKҵQJ QKD FKX

3.1.1 Men răng

0HQ UăQJ Oj P{ FӭQJ NKRiQJ KyD FDR QKҩW WURQJ Fѫ WKӇ YӟL WKjQ

K\GUR[\DSDWLWH %Ӆ Gj\ FӫD OӟS PHQ UăQJ NK{QJ ÿӅX QKDX Ӣ UăQJ

ÿӝ Gj\ Wӯ YjL PLFURQ ӣ Y QJ Fə ÿӃQ PP ӣ Y QJ Eӡ FҳQ Yj FiF ÿ Y{ Fѫ UҩW FDR ӣ PHQ UăQJ OjP FKR Qy GӉ Eӏ NKӱ NKRiQJ EӣL D[LW

Yj GүQ ÿӃQ VkX UăQJ 'R WKjQK SKҫQ Y{ Fѫ TXi FDR QrQ PHQ UăQJ Pһ WURQJ Fѫ WKӇ QKѭQJ OҥL UҩW GzQ VӁ GӉ GjQJ Yӥ GѭӟL WiF GөQ QJj UăQJ QkQJ ÿӥ ErQ GѭӟL 9u Yұ\ NKL WҥR [RDQJ WUiP FҫQ SKҧL O

Fy QJj QkQJ ÿӥ

3.1.2 Ngà răng

1Jj UăQJ QҵP QJD\ GѭӟL PHQ UăQJ ӣ SKҫQ WKkQ UăQJ Yj GѭӟL OӟS [r FKkQ UăQJ FKLӃP WӍ OӋ FDR QKҩW WURQJ FiF P{ FӭQJ 7KjQK SKҫQ Y

KӳX Fѫ Yj QѭӟF FKӫ \ӃX Oj FiF WLQK WKӇ K\GUR[\

Fѫ FKtQK FӫD QJj Oj FROODJHQ GҥQJ VӧL 7URQJ QJj UăQJ KӋ WKӕQJ ӕ Gj\ FӫD QJj FKӭD QKӳQJ QKiQK EjR WѭѫQJ NpR GjL FӫD QJX\rQ EjR QJj OӟS QJj 1Jj UăQJ NK{QJ FӭQJ QKѭ PHQ UăQJ QKѭQJ WtQK ÿjQ KӗL FDR GzQ FӫD OӟS PHQ ErQ WUrQ

3.1.3 Tuỷ răng

7ӫ\ UăQJ FҩX WҥR EӣL P{ OLrQ NӃW ÿһF ELӋW JӗP PҥFK PiX WK KX\ӃW 7KjQK SKҫQ P{ OLrQ NӃW JӗP FiF VӧL OLrQ NӃW WӃ EjR VӧL QҵP ӣ UDQK JLӟL YӟL QJj 7ӫ\ UăQJ QҵP WURQJ PӝW NKRDQJ JLӟL KҥQ E JӑL Oj KӕF Wӫ\ +ӕF Wӫ\ JӗP KDL SKҫQ WѭѫQJ ӭQJ YӟL WKkQ UăQJ Y 3KҫQ WѭѫQJ ӭQJ YӟL WKkQ UăQJ Fy GҥQJ NKRDQJ UӝQJ JӑL Oj EXӗQJ YӟL FKkQ UăQJ Fy GҥQJ ӕQJ KҽS JӑL Oj ӕQJ Wӫ\ ӔQJ Wӫ\ WK{QJ YӟL QKLӅX Oӛ QKӓ ӣ FKyS FKkQ UăQJ JӑL Oj Oӛ FKyS 7KҫQ NLQK PҥFK P YjR FXQJ FҩS FKR Wӫ\ ÿL TXD Oӛ FKyS ÿӇ YjR EXӗQJ Wӫ\ 0ӛL UăQJ Fy ӕQJ Wӫ\ WKu Fy WKӇ Oj PӝW KRһF QKLӅX ӕQJ W \ Vӕ OѭӧQJ FKkQ U

Vӵ UҩW SKӭF WҥS Yj Fy WKӇ Fy FiF GҥQJ QKѭ VDX GҥQJ PӝW ӕQJ W

ӣ FKyS Yj GҥQJ ED ӕQJ Wӫ\ ӣ FKyS 0ӛL GҥQJ OҥL Fy QKLӅX ELӃQ WK

Vӕ WUѭӡQJ KӧS FzQ Fy QKӳQJ ӕQJ Wӫ\ SKө WiFK UD Wӯ ӕQJ Wӫ\ JҫQ 3.2 Sơ lược cấu trúc bộ phận nâng đỡ răng

%ӝ SKұQ QkQJ ÿӥ UăQJ JӑL Oj QKD FKX EDR JӗP [r PăQJ UăQJ Gk [ѭѫQJ ə UăQJ Yj QѭӟX UăQJ

H

3.2.1 Xê măng răng

;r PăQJ UăQJ Oj OӟS PӓQJ JҫQ JLӕQJ QKѭ [ѭѫQJ EDR EӑF FKkQ UăQJ

Yӏ WUt WK{QJ WKѭѫQJ Wӯ WXӹ UD QJRjL EDR JӗP Oӛ FKyS ÿӇ FKR WKҫQ NLQK FKL SKӕL WXӹ UăQJ Yj QKӳQJ Oӛ WXӹ SKө QҵP UҧL UiF PăQJ UăQJ NKRiQJ KRi NpP KѫQ VR YӟL QJj QKѭQJ QKLӅX KѫQ [ѭѫQJ KӳX Fѫ QѭӟF ;r PăQJ UăQJ WLӃS [~F YӟL PHQ UăQJ ӣ Yӏ WU PHQ [r PăQJ 7ҥL Y QJ QӕL PHQ [r PăQJ PHQ Fy WKӇ SKӫ OrQ [~F KRһF NK{QJ WLӃS [~F 7UѭӡQJ KӧS OӟS PHQ Yj [r PăQJ UăQJ NK{Q

Y QJ QJj ErQ GѭӟL QJX\ Fѫ Jk\ r EXӕW NKL NK{QJ ÿѭӧF QѭӟX FKH 3.2.2 Dây chằng nha chu

5ăQJ EiP GtQK YjR [ѭѫQJ ə UăQJ QKӡ PӝW P{ OLrQ NӃW ÿһF ELӋW O 1KyP Gk\ FKҵQJ QKD FKX FKtQK OLrQ NӃW UăQJ YӟL [ѭѫQJ ə UăQJ Oj Q PăQJ UăQJ YjR [ѭѫQJ ə UăQJ FzQ JӑL Oj Gk\ FKҵQJ WUHR 1JRjL UD

ÿL Wӯ [r PăQJ UăQJ YjR QѭӟX UăQJ Yj Wӯ [r PăQJ UăQJ EăQJ TXD YiFK [r PăQJ UăQJ NӃ FұQ +uQK 1Kѭ Yұ\ Gk\ FKҵQJ QKD FKX JӗP QѭӟX Gk\ FKҵQJ OLrQ UăQJ Yj Gk\ FKҵQJ [ѭѫQJ ə UăQJ

răng

ch ng

i n răng

ch ng gai n

ch ng ng

i har

ng răng

ăng răng

Hình 1.4 tr c ch ng nha ch tr c t ng át ch ng nha ch tr c các

ch ng nha ch ng c ch ng gai n ch ng ng th c nh ch ng n 'k\ FKҵQJ [ѭѫQJ ə UăQJ FҩX WҥR EӣL QKӳQJ Ey VӧL FKҳF NKӓH S QKyP NKiF QKDX WKHR KѭӟQJ VҳS [ӃS FӫD FK~QJ JӗP Gk\ FKҵQJ Fə G FKҵQJ FKpR Yj Gk\ FKҵQJ FKyS 1KyP Gk\ FKҵQJ Fə EiP Wӯ UăQJ ÿӃQ P

Yj QKyP Gk\ FKҵQJ QJDQJ NӃ WLӃS FKҥ\ WKHR KѭӟQJ QJDQJ 1KyP Gk NKRҧQJ FKLӅX GjL FKkQ UăQJ Yj FKҥ\ WKHR KѭӟQJ FKpR NKR 1KyP Gk\ FKҵQJ FKyS WRҧ NLӇX Uҿ TXҥW Wӯ FKyS UăQJ ÿӃQ [ѭѫQJ ə EiP PӝW ÿҫX YjR [r PăQJ UăQJ Yj ÿҫX NLD YjR [ѭѫQJ ə &iF ÿRҥQ Y L

Oj VӧL 6KDUSH\ +uQK

7URQJ NKRҧQJ QKD FKX QJRjL WKjQK SKҫQ FKtQK Oj Gk\ FKҵQJ F NLQK PҥFK EҥFK KX\ӃW F QJ QKLӅX ORҥL WӃ EjR NKiF Yj WKjQK SK FiF Ey VӧL 7KҫQ NLQK FKL SKӕL Gk\ FKҵQJ QKD FKX EDR JӗP WKҫQ

i c ng gi i h răng NLQK Wӵ FKӫ &iF VӧL WKҫQ NLQK FҧP JLiF WKX QKұQ FҧP JLiF ÿDX FҧP iS OӵF FӫD Gk\ FKҵQJ QKD FKX UҩW WLQK WӃ QJD\ Fҧ QKӳQJ W ÿѭӧF JKL QKұQ 7KҫQ NLQK Wӵ FKӫ Oj FiF VӧL JLDR FҧP FKӏX WUiFK FӫD PҥFK PiX WURQJ Gk\ FKҵQJ QKD FKX

'k\ FKҵQJ QKD FKX NK{QJ FKӍ QHR JLӳ UăQJ WURQJ [ѭѫQJ ə UăQJ P KҩS WKX OӵF QKDL WiF ÿӝQJ OrQ UăQJ 9DL WUz KҩS WKX OӵF FKӫ \ӃX SKD WKL[RWURSLF JHO WURQJ Gk\ FKҵQJ QKD FKX &KҩW JHO Qj\ Eu KL Fy WiF ÿӝQJ OӵF JHO FKX\ӇQ VDQJ GҥQJ OӓQJ Yj WKRiW TXD FiF trong phần xương ổ răng JL~S KҩS WKX OӵF &KtQK Vӵ KҩS WKX OӵF QKD WUӑQJ WURQJ YLӋF EҧR WӗQ UăQJ WURQJ VXӕW TXi WUuQK KRҥW ÿӝQ QKDL FKX\ӇQ WKjQK OӵF FăQJ WUX\ӅQ TXD [r PăQJ UăQJ Yj [ѭѫQJ ə U [ѭѫQJ Yj [r PăQJ 6ӵ SKiW WULӇQ FӫD [r PăQJ UăQJ Yj [ѭѫQJ VӁ NK{Q

Fy WiF ÿӝQJ FӫD OӵF

3.2.3 Xương ổ răng

;ѭѫQJ ə UăQJ Oj FҩX WU~F [ѭѫQJ

EDR TXDQK FKkQ UăQJ FҩX WҥR EӣL KDL

SKLӃQ [ѭѫQJ FӭQJ Yj OӟS [ѭѫQJ [ӕS

FӭQJ ErQ WURQJ Oj [ѭѫQJ ə UăQJ FKtQK

GDQK SURSHU DOYHRODU NӃW QӕL UăQJ TXD

KӋ WKӕQJ Gk\ FKҵQJ QKD FKX FzQ JӑL Oj

SKLӃQ FӭQJ KD\ Oi FӭQJ ODPLQD GXUD

3KLӃQ FӭQJ Fy QKLӅX Oӛ QKӓ QKѭ PҧQK

VjQJ FKR PҥFK PiX Yj WKҫQ NLQK ÿL TXD

1KӳQJ Oӛ Qj\ Fy ÿyQJ YDL WUz TXDQ WUӑQJ

WURQJ Fѫ FKӃ KҩS WKX OӵF JL~S JLҧP WҧL

OӵF WUrQ UăQJ WURQJ TXi WUuQK QKDL 3KLӃQ

[ѭѫQJ FӭQJ ErQ QJRjL Yj [ѭѫQJ [ӕS Oj

[ѭѫQJ ə UăQJ QkQJ ÿӥ VXSSRUWLQJ DOYHRODU 1KLӅX WUѭӡQJ KӧS [ѭѫQJ QJRjL Yj WURQJ iS ViW QKDX NK{QJ Fy [ѭѫQJ [ӕS FKHQ JLӳD

;ѭѫQJ ə UăQJ Oj FҩX WU~F Fy NKҧ QăQJ GӉ Eӏ WLrX KXӹ KRһF WiL KD\ FiF FKҩW KRi KӑF WUXQJ JLDQ VLQK UD WURQJ FKX\ӇQ KRi GR KR ÿӝQJ OrQ TXi WUuQK WLrX [ѭѫQJ Yj WҥR [ѭѫQJ FӫD [ѭѫQJ ə UăQJ FzQ PRGHOLQJ Yj WiL FҩX WU~F UHPRGHOLQJ [ѭѫQJ ÿѭӧF YұQ GөQJ EҵQJ FiFK Vӱ GөQJ OӵF JL~S GL FKX\ӇQ UăQJ ÿӃQ Yӏ WUt PRQJ PXӕQ 7 [ѭѫQJ ə UăQJ VӁ WLrX GҫQ WKHR Fҧ FKLӅX FDR OүQ FKLӅX QJDQJ 3.2.4 Nướu răng

Ӣ UăQJ ÿm PӑF KRjQ WRjQ WURQJ PLӋQJ QѭӟX UăQJ Oj SKҫQ QLrP P TXDQK Fə UăQJ Yj PӝW SKҫQ [ѭѫQJ ə UăQJ +uQK WURQJ ÿy N VXEPXFRVD FKHQ JLӳD QLrP PҥF Yj PjQJ [ѭѫQJ ӣ SKҫQ [ѭѫQJ ə UăQJ

ng răng

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