Ebookideas for ielts writing task 2 2 (1)

sách rất cần cho người bắt đầu, có rất nhiều hay ho , và có ví dụ minh hoạ sinh động, sách rất cần cho người bắt đầu, có rất nhiều hay ho , và có ví dụ minh hoạ sinh động, sách rất cần cho người bắt đầu, có rất nhiều hay ho , và có ví dụ minh hoạ sinh động

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2 | ZIM This publication's user rights are given to

Mã đơn hàng: Z108231130 | Phone: 0982160053 | Email: thutrang83ltt@gmail.com

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4 | ZIM

Mục lục

Meet the physiological needs

Meet the safety needs

Meet the knowledge and

understanding needs

Meet the aesthetics needs

To what extent should government

Practice Key

Work satisfaction-job security Work-life balance

The old and young at the workplace Competitiveness: Men-Women Leadership: Who should assume this position

Practice Key

081215

171920

2128

657075

7682

8790939698

101109

UNIT 1: Government roles UNIT 3: Changes in family

UNIT 4: Work

87

The decline of animals and plants

The consumption of natural resources at

an alarming rate

Non-renewable and renewable energy

sources

Causes and effects of throw-away society

Who is in charge of solving the

environmental problems ?

Practice

Key

323435

3845

5059

UNIT 2: Environment 32

This publication's user rights are given to

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The development of AI and robots

The necessity and difficulty space tech

Future of vehicles: Driveless cars

Who should control the scientific research?

Practice

Key

Benefits of taking a gap year and travel Drawbacks of taking a gap year Drawbacks of travel and tourism Practice

Key

Three common types of media

Communication: Spoken and written form

Practice

Key

Causes leading to crimesEffectiveness of common practices of dealing with crimes

An emerging crime: cybercrime Practice

Key

The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle The excessive consumption of sugary food

or fast food Computer games: why are they so popular?Pollution leading to health deterioration The prevalence of cosmetics surgeriesThe benefits of playing sports and doing exercise

Practice Key

180183188190195201

235240242245250

157168169175

205209

217222230

253259

264267272275

279290

UNIT 7: Technology

UNIT 9: Travel & Tourism

UNIT 6: Media and

Importance of learning core subjects and

acquiring soft skills

Well-rounded education or specializing in

certain subjects ?

Learning: National or international

Factors contributing to effective learning

Whether online learning can replace

131135139143

UNIT 5: Education 114

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Comparison: city life and rural life The choices of means of transport in cities Solutions for traffic problems in cities Practice

Key

385395402407414

UNIT 15: Urbanization 385

Advertising: benefits and drawbacks

Commerce: online shopping and

309313319

UNIT 11: Business 297

The decline of traditions and customs

The decline of minority languages and the

prevalence of English - A global language

Traditional museum and digital museum

Globalization: advantages & disadvantages

Practice

Key

323328

333336341347

364368373376381

UNIT 13: Animals

UNIT 14: Housing-Building

351

364

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LỜI MỞ ĐẦU

Understanding ideas for IELTS Writing được biên soạn nhằm giúp người học IELTS khắc phục vấn đề thiếu

ý tưởng cho các bài luận Task 2 Bằng cách thể hiện nội dung dưới hình thức sơ đồ tư duy (mind maps) và các đoạn văn bản ngắn, người đọc có thể tham khảo ý tưởng hoặc dễ dàng nắm bắt cách xây dựng, mở rộng, và bổ sung ý tưởng cho các đề bài viết.

Ấn phẩm bao gồm 15 chương tương ứng với 15 chủ đề phổ biến trong Writing Task 2, đó là:

1 Vai trò của chính phủ - Government roles

2 Môi trường - Environment

3 Sự thay đổi cấu trúc và vai trò trong gia đình - Changes in Family

4 Công việc - Work

11 Kinh doanh - Business

12 Văn hoá và Lịch sử - Historic and cutural values

13 Động vật - Animals

14 Kiến trúc - Housing-Building

15 Đô thị hoá - Urbanization

Trong đó, mỗi chương sẽ bao gồm 3 phần chính:

Bài đọc và Sơ đồ tư duy Bài đọc được chia thành nhiều đoạn đọc nhỏ hơn, thể hiện một khía cạnh cụ thể trong chủ đề lớn Bên cạnh đó, sơ đồ tư duy giúp người học nắm được các nội dung chính dựa vào các từ khoá của mỗi đoạn đọc Cuối cùng, mỗi khía cạnh nhỏ sẽ có phần Tổng hợp bao gồm các ý chủ đạo của đoạn đọc đó

Practice (Luyện tập) Phần này cung cấp các bài tập ôn lại nội dung chính bằng cách điền từ vào các sơ đồ tư duy và dựa vào sơ đồ tư duy để lập dàn ý và viết bài luận

Phần 1

Phần 2

Phần 3

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Unit 1:

The government exists to represent and serve its citizens, so the government is expected to ensure access to essential services in terms of physiology and safety This is because citizens are the ones who pay taxes to be able to receive these services from the government In return, the government uses tax money to fund programs and provide assistance to people in need Meeting these needs will bring social stability, well-being and prosperity to all citizens

as well as promote the overall development of a country Once basic needs are met, the government can focus on higher needs like education and art, which can benefit both the government and its people In this chapter, learners will learn more about the government's responsibility toward their citizens and the global community

GOVERNMENT ROLES

More people than ever before are facing hunger and malnutrition on a global scale It is estimated that around 345.2 million people will not have access to enough food, which is twice the number from 2020 This represents a huge increase of 200 million people since the COVID-19 pandemic began Why is the world hungrier and malnourished than ever?

Meet the physiological needs

Meet the physiological needs

Meet the knowledge and understanding needsMeet the safety needs

Meet the aesthetics needs

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As of 2023, the global housing situation remains a challenge

for many people around the world In some developed nations,

the high cost of housing has made it difficult for low-income

families and individuals to find reasonable housing Meanwhile,

in many developing countries, the lack of housing remains a

significant issue These problems lead millions of people

to live in poor conditions without access to basic amenities

such as clean water and sanitation As a result, many people

choose to deforest to make way for new construction This

results in a deteriorating national image Moreover, in the long

KEY WORDS

• high cost of housing: giá nhà cao

• the lack of house : sự thiếu hụt nhà ở

• deforest: phá rừng

• deteriorating national image: ảnh hưởng

xấu đến hình ảnh quốc gia

FOOD SHORTAGES

Food shortages are a serious problem that affects millions

of people around the world One of the main causes of food

shortages is natural disasters such as droughts, floods,

storms, which destroy crops and disrupt food supply chains

In addition, geographical reasons such as dry or less fertile

soil can make it difficult to grow crops and produce enough

food for local people These challenges often lead to food

insecurity, in which individuals and communities do not have

access to the food they need for a healthy life

SOLUTIONS

However, there are a number of solutions that can help address

these challenges One approach is to implement policies that

support agricultural infrastructure and technologies that

increase crop yield In addition, food banks can help ensure

that leftovers are redistributed to those who need it most,

while reducing food waste These practices can reduce the

effects of food insecurity and shortage

KEY WORDS

• food shortage: sự khan hiếm thực phẩm

• natural disaster: thảm họa thiên nhiên

• destroy crops: phá hoại mùa màng

• disrupt food supply chains: ngắt quãng

chuỗi cung ứng thực phẩm

• geographical reasons: lý do địa lý

• agricultural infrastructure and technologies: cơ sở hạ tầng và công

nghệ nông nghiệp

• food banks: ngân hàng thực phẩm

• leftovers: thức ăn thừa

• redistributed: được cung cấp lại cho

high cost of housing

deteriorating national image

HOUSING

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Around the world, approximately one in ten people do not gain access to clean and safe drinking water, and every two minutes, a child dies due to water-borne diseases The impact of this crisis is greater on women even in 2023 Why does our planet still lack clean water?

CAUSES

Water shortage is a problem that comes from many factors

One of the main causes of this problem is the lack of

education about use and conservation Many people believe

that water is an unlimited resource, leading to misuse and

waste Besides, pollution is a significant problem, with many

areas not having proper waste treatment before releasing

back into the environment

Also, overpopulation worsen the problem as both household

and production activities require significant amounts of water

Finally, natural factors such as climate change, natural

disasters and geographical factors such as having no streams

running through an area can also lead to water stress

KEY WORDS

• the lack of education: sự thiếu hiểu biết

• overpopulation: sự quá tải dân số

• natural factors: các yếu tố tự nhiên

SOLUTIONS

To solve this, programs about public housing should be

proposed to provide affordable and accessible housing to

those in need Another solution is to offer low-interest loans

to people who want to buy a home or make necessary repairs

to their existing home This can help reduce the financial

burden of home ownership and make housing more

accessible to more people It is also important that

governments have to intervene in the housing market to

prevent real estate bubbles, which are one of the main

causes of rapid increases in housing prices and the housing

crisis Moreover, with the growing demand for housing and

limited space on Earth, space research for a new home to live

in is considered as a potential solution for the future

• space research: nghiên cứu không gian

the lack of education

set maximumnatural factors

have a deep understanding of its current water situation

overpopulation

punishSolutions

Causes

WATER

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Setting maximum limits for water consumption or punishing

those who overuse water would surely raise people's

awareness of the consequences of misusing water resources,

thereby discouraging them from misusing water In addition,

only the government has a deep understanding of its current

water situation Therefore, only they can take action

accordingly to prevent drought and other emergencies that

water shortages can cause

• set maximum limits: đặt giới hạn sử

dụng tối đa

• punish: phạt

• understand current water situation: biết

được tình hình nguồn nước và dòng chảy

Food shortages result from natural disasters and geographical reasons, which can destroy crops and disrupt food supply chains Solutions involve supporting agricultural infrastructure and technologies, and establishing food banks The global housing situation causes challenges due to high costs, lack of housing Solutions include public housing programs, low-interest loans, government intervention in preventing real estate bubbles, and space research Water shortage stems from a lack of education, overpopulation, and natural factors Addressing it requires setting maximum limits of consumption, stricter punishments, and deep understanding of the current water situation

WATER

CausesSolutions

HOUSING

High cost of housing

SolutionsLack of housing - deforest

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Meet the safety needs

VIOLENCE

IN MEDIA

FORMS OF MEDIA VIOLENCE

Violence in the media is a widespread problem that can have

harmful effects on individuals and society as a whole This

violence can take many forms, including:

• Physical violence, such as using weapons, knives or guns

to physically attack other people Audiences, especially

younger ones, may copy these actions to physically bully their

peers because they think these actions represent strength

• Sexual content such as harassment and rape can

stimulate negative reactions among potential criminals

and make them more likely to commit real-life crimes to

their friends and colleagues

• Violent content about wars and terrorism is often

illustrated in the media and can contribute to violence

normalization Some people may form false beliefs that

physical power must be used if people want to achieve

something in their lives

• Domestic violence, such as parents beating or cursing at

their children, is another form of violence often described

in the media This content can cause victims to be hurt, or

take extreme actions towards society

• Cyberbullying, including online harassment and

cyberstalking, is becoming increasingly common in the

digital age Some people may be stimulated and supported

by the demonstrations in the media, and commit

cybercrimes to society

KEY WORDS

• physical violence: bạo lực thể chất

• sexual content: nội dung liên quan đến

• cyberstalking: theo dõi qua mạng

• violence normalization: sự bình thường

hoá bạo lực

• false beliefs: niềm tin sai lệch

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Addressing violent content in the media is an pressing issue,

and there are several potential solutions to help reduce its

negative impacts An important method is education, with

school programs and media campaigns helping to educate

individuals about the potential harms of media violence and

promoting watching nonviolent content Parents can also play

an important role in limiting the exposure to media violence by

controlling the types of media content their children use and

setting a time limit for screen time An effective rating system

can also help warn viewers of potentially harmful content,

including content about violence or other harmful behavior

• potential harms: những nguy hại tiềm năng

• nonviolent content: xem những nội dung

không bạo lực

• limit the exposure: giới hạn sự tiếp xúc

• control the types: kiểm soát thể loại xem

• a time limit: giới hạn thời gian xem

• rating system: hệ thống phân loại cấp độ

tuổi xem chương trình

HEALTHCARE

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CHALLENGES

Access to medical treatment is a concern to many individuals

and communities around the world One of the challenges is

the increasing price of medications, which can make needed

treatments more expensive than ever Furthermore, drug

effectiveness may change constantly due to the emergence of

new diseases and drug resistance in some patients Another

issue is lacking healthcare facilities and degraded existing

infrastructure, which can make it difficult for individuals to

access services they need This is especially problematic for

people living in remote areas, who may have limited access

to healthcare facilities or have to travel long distances to be

taken care of Finally, healthcare workers in many regions

may also be responsible for overwhelming workload but have

low wages, limited benefits and perks This leads to lower

employee retention in the healthcare industry.

SOLUTIONS

When it comes to treatment, one key solution is to increase

funding, ranging from medical research to enhance existing

drugs and invent new ones to the investment in technology,

equipment and infrastructure Specifically, investing in new

facilities and technology can also help improve access to

care while establishing partnerships with private companies

or borrowing or buying technology and equipment from other

countries can help reduce and share the financial burden with

governments Because private companies have abundant

financial resources and have motivation to renovate products

further, product development can be accelerated and improved

to be able to make money and get the profit in the fastest way

Additionally, offering public insurance can help ensure that all

individuals have access to the care they need

In terms of prevention, vaccination programs and sports

facilities in public areas can help promote healthy lifestyles

and reduce the risk of suffering from preventable diseases

Raising awareness about the importance of healthy habits

such as eating habits and getting regular checkups is also

important Finally, it is necessary to increase the base salary

and perks for medical staff to improve morale and job retention

in this team

KEY WORDS

• medical treatment: sự chữa trị

• price of medications: giá thuốc

• drug effectiveness: sự hiệu quả của thuốc

• healthcare facilities: cơ sở y tế

• degraded existing infrastructure: cơ sở

hạ tầng hiện tại xuống cấp

• healthcare workers: nhân viên ngành y

• overwhelming workload: lượng công việc

khổng lồ

• low wages, limited benefits and perks:

lương thấp, phúc lợi và đặc quyền hạn chế

• employee retention: sự ở lại của nhân viên

• increase funding: tăng ngân quỹ

• medical research: nghiên cứu y khoa

• partnerships with private companies:

cộng tác với công ty tư nhân

• borrow/ buy technology and equipment:

mượn hoặc mua công nghệ và thiết

• public insurance: bảo hiểm trách nhiệm

công cộng

• vaccination programs: chương trình tiêm

ngừa vắc xin

• sports facilities: trang thiết bị thể thao

• promote healthy lifestyles: thúc đẩy lối

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MEET THE SAFETY NEEDS

VIOLENCE IN MEDIA

FormsSolutions

HEALTHCARE

ChallengesSolutions

achieving something using physical power to their colleagues and friends Addressing media violence requireseducation, promoting nonviolent content, limiting exposure, controlling media types, setting screen time limits, and implementing an effective rating system to warn viewers of potentially harmful content

Challenges in healthcare include expensive medications, changing drug effectiveness, lack of facilities and structure, and low wages for healthcare workers Solutions involve increasing funding, investing in technology and infrastructure, establishing partnerships, offering public insurance, promoting preventive measures like vaccinations and sports facilities, raising awareness, and improving salaries and perks for medical staff

infra-Meet the knowledge and understanding needs

Education is one of the contributors to changing the current living conditions of an individual Although playing a very important role, it is ranked after the first two needs because if essential needs such as food, water, shelter, or safety are not guaranteed, humans cannot focus on self-awareness and personal growth, and contributing to society

One of the policies that the government meets the knowledge and understanding needs is providing “Free tuition fee”

However, providing a free service also comes with disadvantages that need to be considered

BENEFITS

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BENEFITS

Providing free-of-charge education can bring several benefits

to society Firstly, it can help create equal opportunities for all

individuals to access education, regardless of their financial

backgrounds This can help many students from low-income

backgrounds to attend school and ultimately lift themselves

out of poverty Additionally, a more educated workforce can

lead to increased economic growth and productivity, as

individuals with higher levels of education tend to have more

skills and knowledge that can benefit the labor force At the

same time, by removing financial barriers to education, we can

also see increased literacy rates, which can ultimately lead to

a more educated and skilled population.

KEY WORDS

• free-of-charge education: giáo dục

miễn phí

• equal opportunities: cơ hội công bằng

• lift oneself out of poverty: giúp bản thân

thoát khỏi cảnh nghèo khổ

• economic growth and productivity: sự

phát triển kinh tế và năng suất

• literacy rates: tỷ lệ có học

• a more educated and skilled population: dân số có giáo dục và kỹ năng cao hơn

DRAWBACKS

However, there are also some potential drawbacks worth

considering Firstly, providing free education may put a

significant burden on taxpayers and the national budget This

could disadvantage other areas and potentially have negative

impacts on the entire economy Additionally, if the quality of

students is not monitored properly, free education may lead

to a lack of motivation to learn, as students think there is

no need to compete and strive This could lead to a lack of

accountability and potentially result in students dropping out

or not putting in the necessary effort to succeed Furthermore,

free education can also lead to a lack of resources and

facilities in educational institutions, which can affect the

quality of education provided, as a result Finally, the increase

in the number of graduates due to free education may lead

to potential job market saturation, making it difficult for

individuals to find employment even with a formal degree

• a significant burden: gánh nặng lớn

• taxpayers: người trả thuế

• the national budget: ngân sách quốc gia

• the quality of students: chất lượng học sinh

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Providing free education can create equal opportunities and lead to a more educated workforce, but this proposal may burden taxpayers and disadvantage other areas of the economy Without proper monitoring, it may also result in

a lack of motivation and accountability, as well as a lack of resources and potential job market saturation

Meet the aethetics needs

Aesthetics needs are an expanded need after meeting the aforementioned needs Some people believe that aesthetics needs belong to individuals, and therefore government intervention will bring disadvantages However, according to the mind map below, meeting aesthetic needs seems to bring many benefits not only for individuals but also for the country

job market saturation

FREE TUITION FEE

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reflect the unique cultural and historical identity of a country

This can improve the country's image both nationally and

internationally Additionally, investing in aesthetics can have

positive impacts on not only the economy, as it can attract

tourism and create jobs in fields, but also the social

cohesion,as the same style of architecture can foster a sense

of unity and equality in society Also, by preserving cultural

heritage, societies can help pass down traditions from

generation to generation Finally, improving the aesthetics of

public spaces can enhance the quality of life for citizens by

creating attractive and functional areas for people to gather,

relax, and enjoy

• cultural and historical identity: bản sắc

văn hoá và lịch sử

• attract tourism: thu hút du lịch

• social cohesion: sự gắn kết xã hội

• foster a sense of unity and equality: thúc

However, for some people, aesthetics is subjective, and what

may be considered aesthetic for one group may not be for

another Therefore, it is only suitable for a limited audience, as

not everyone can access or appreciate the beauty of a work

Moreover, using taxpayers’ money to sponsor aesthetic

improvements may cause a resentful attitude among the

public, especially if they feel that urgent issues are not

being addressed Finally, investing in aesthetics may not

always bring immediate economic benefits and therefore may

be seen as a less attractive investment option

• subjective: mang tính chủ quan

• a limited audience: lượng khán giả

giới hạn

• using taxpayers’ money: sử dụng

tiền thuế

• a resentful attitude: thái độ phẫn nộ

• immediate economic benefits: lợi ích

kinh tế ngay lập tức

DRAWBACKS

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Investing in aesthetics can boost national image and the economy, promote social cohesion and culture, and enhance citizens' quality of life However, aesthetic preferences are subjective and may not be valued by all, leading to limited audience and potential resentment among taxpayers.

MEET THE AESTHETICS NEEDS

DRAWBACKSBENEFITS

To what extent should government intervene

The level of government intervention in different aspects of life will vary depending on the political system and level

of development of a country However, is there any government in the world that has the right to control 100% of the issues in their country? What would happen to that country if such a situation occurred?

The answer is:

If any government in the world has the right to control 100% of the issues in their country, individual freedoms and rights in that country will be greatly limited or almost non-existent That government will have the power to control every aspect, from jobs, education to religion or social relationships Therefore, innovation and creativity will be sup-pressed and have no room to develop, and the country will find it difficult to compete with other countries in the world,

as a consequence This can even lead to a resentful attitude and may be the beginning of forms of social instability

In summary, the role of the government is crucial for the formation and development of a country However, ing on the issues, the government needs to have a significant or moderate level of intervention to maintain stability

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Government's responsibility towards global community

Governments play an important role in promoting global peace

and stability, protecting human rights, addressing global

challenges, and promoting trade cooperation

In Southeast Asia, for example, countries have been working

together to promote regional peace and stability through

organizations such as ASEAN, which aims to promote

economic, political, and security cooperation among its

member states Governments in the region also work

together to resolve conflicts, such as the territorial disputes in

the South China Sea, and to provide humanitarian aid to areas

affected by natural disasters or conflicts

Human rights have also been a major concern In some

countries facing issues such as discrimination, human

trafficking, and other forms of exploitation, governments in

the region have been taking steps to combat these issues,

with some countries implementing laws to protect vulnerable

groups and promote equality

Global challenges such as climate change, poverty, and

inequality are also issues that many parts of the world are

facing For example, some countries have been cooperating

and implementing sustainable development initiatives and

promoting the use of renewable energy sources to reduce

greenhouse gas emissions

Trade cooperation is also important around the world For

instance, countries in Southeast Asia are working together

to promote mutual prosperity through initiatives such as the

ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), which aims to create a free

trade area among ASEAN member states Governments have

also been working to attract foreign investment and promote

trade with other countries outside the region

KEY WORDS

• global peace and stability: hòa bình và

sự ổn định toàn cầu

• resolve conflicts: giải quyết mâu thuẫn

• humanitarian aid: hỗ trợ nhân đạo

• human rights: bảo vệ quyền con người

• global challenges: thách thức phạm vi

toàn cầu

• climate change: biến đổi khí hậu

• poverty: đói nghèo

• inequality: sự bất công

• trade cooperation: hợp tác thương mại

• mutual prosperity: sự thịnh vượng chung

In addition to their responsibility to their own citizens, governments also have a positive role to play in the

internation-al community in terms of the promotion of worldwide peace and stability, protection of human rights, addressing of global challenges, and the promotion of trade cooperation

SUMMARY

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MUTUAL RESPONSIBILITY

Trade cooperation

Resolve conflictsPeace negotiationsProvide humanitarian aid

PROMOTE PEACE

& STABILITY

PROTECT HUMAN RIGHTS

ADDRESS GLOBAL CHALLENGES

SUPPORTINTERNATIONALCOOPERATION

Against discriminationPrevent human traffickingOther forms of exploitation

Climate changePovertyInequality

Practice 1: Draw mind maps using given suggestions and write a paragraph using ideas from the mind maps completed and the topic sentences below.

1.1 Mind map about violence in media

1.2 Some people feel that the government should regulate the level of violence for films of television and cinema Others feel that violent films should not be released Discuss both views and give your opinion?

Violence in media Forms of media violence

First, I advocate that government regulation of media violence can reduce the harmful effects it has on individuals

PRACTICE

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22 | ZIM

2.1 Mind map about water shortages

2.2 Some people think that people should be given the right to use fresh water as they like Others believe governments should strictly control the use of fresh water Discuss both views and give your own opinion

Water shortages Situation

Government Intervention

Firstly, I advocate that governments should have strict control on fresh water usage because of the lack of awareness and education among many irresponsible users

3.1 Mind map about drawbacks of meeting aesthetic needs

3.2 Government investment in the arts, such as music and theater, is a waste of money Governments must invest this money in public services instead To what extent do you agree with this statement?

Aesthetics

Drawbacks

On the one hand, it is understandable why some people oppose the idea of funding in the arts using the state budget

4.1 Mind map about the benefit of free-of-charge tuition fee programs

Meet the knowledge and understanding needs Forms of media violence

4.2 In some countries, students pay their college or university fees, while in some others, the government pays for them Do you think the advantages that the government pays the money outweigh the disadvantages?

On one hand, providing free-of-charge education brings many benefits for students and the overall economy

5.1 Mind map about governments’ responsibility towards the global community

Promote peace and stabilityProtect human rights

Mutual responsibility

Support trade cooperation

Address global challenges

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Practice 2: Complete mind maps below using given phrases

set maximum limits natural disasters agricultural infrastructure

and technologiesdisrupt food supply chains prevent real estate bubbles deteriorate national image

5.2 Some people believe that the government should not spend money on international aid when they have their own disadvantaged people like the homeless and unemployed To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Opponents of spending money on international aid may argue that

2.1 Meet the physiological needs

fertile soil(3) - crop yield

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the increasing price

of medications

violence normalization

borrow or buy technology and equipment from other countries

Physical violence

educate individuals

about the potential harms

establish partnerships with private companies

copy these actions improve morale and

job retention

Domestic violence limit the exposure An effective

rating system

lower employee retention

overwhelming

workload

vaccination programs Raising awareness drug effectiveness

2.2 Meet the safety needs

Causes

WATER

VIOLENCE

IN MEDIA

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HEALTHCARE

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attract tourism pass down traditions boost national image

enhance the quality of life

for citizens

a resentful attitude attract tourism

not always bring immediate

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1.1 Mind map about violence in media

2.1 Mind map about water shortages

Practice 1:

KEY

1.2 First, I advocate that government regulation of media violence can reduce the harmful effects it has on

individu-als It is crucial to recognize that the media has a powerful influence on the way people think and behave, particularly young audiences who are immature and easily imitate what they have watched from the media For example, young students who are exposed to violent content are likely to bully their peers at school, or who view age-inappropriate content such as sexual harassment or assault can normalize these harmful behaviours and use them towards their friends And I believe the government has the power and responsibility to control the level of media violence to safe-guard the people from these scenarios

2.2 Firstly, I advocate that governments should have strict control on fresh water usage because of the lack of

awareness and education among many irresponsible users Many people do not realize the importance of ing water resources and may use water carelessly or unnecessarily Even worse, some people have a false percep-tion that water is unlimited This can lead to a significant waste of water, which can contribute to water scarcity, particularly in regions already facing water shortages

conserv-VIOLENCE

IN MEDIA

set maximumnatural factors

have a deep understanding of its current water situation

overpopulation

punishSolutions

Causes

WATER

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3.1 Mind map about drawbacks of meeting aesthetic needs

4.1 Mind map about the benefit of free-of-charge tuition fee programs

3.2 On the one hand, it is understandable why some people oppose the idea of funding in the arts using the state

budget Firstly, they view art as subjective, and it only serves a limited audience This is why using taxpayers’ money

to invest in forms of art can lead to resentful attitudes among citizens Secondly, funding the arts through the state budget is a waste of resources as art is seen as a lower priority, especially when compared to other essential ser-vices such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure They believe that only when these basic human needs are met should arts be taken into account

4.2 On the one hand, providing free-of-charge education brings many benefits for students and the overall

econo-my First, this initiative creates equal opportunities for individuals, regardless of their financial backgrounds This enables less privileged young citizens to lift themselves out of poverty by accessing higher education just like those from better-endowed families As a result, there would be increased economic growth and productivity, as countries with high rates of education tend to experience higher levels of innovation and productivity growth Additionally, this approach produces a more educated and skilled population, which is crucial for the increasingly high-tech industries that require specialized knowledge and skill sets

DRAWBACKS

BENEFITS

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5.1 Mind map about governments’ responsibility towards the global community

5.2 Opponents of spending money on international aid may argue that there are many pressing issues in their

coun-try in need of solutions The government should take responsibility for meeting basic human needs in its councoun-try, such as solving unemployment or reducing inflammation rate, which puts the national security at risk, before think-ing of helping others However, they fail to mention that joining hands into the global community is also a way to maintain national security For example, if a country assists another country suffering an infectious disease timely,

it can mitigate or prevent the spread of this disease from invading its own country This practice, in turn, can protect their citizens and keep the security of a nation

MUTUAL RESPONSIBILITY

Trade cooperation

Resolve conflictsPeach negotiationsProvide humanitarian aid

PROMOTE PEACH

& STABILITY

PROTECT HUMAN RIGHTS

ADDRESS GLOBAL CHALLENGES

SUPPORTINTERNATIONALCOOPERATION

Against discriminationPrevent human traffickingOther forms of explocation

Climate changePovertyInequality

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Practice 2:

natural disasters

disrupt food supply chains

agricultural infrastructure and technologies

food banks

deteriorate national image

public housing

prevent real estate bubbles

set maximum limits

Physical violenceDomestic violenceviolence normalizationcopy these actionseducate individuals about the potential harmslimit the exposure

An effective rating systemthe increasing price of medicationsdrug effectiveness

overwhelming workload lower employee retentionborrow or buy technology and equipment from other countries

establish partnerships with private companiesvaccination programs

Raising awarenessimprove morale and job retention

(29)(30)(31)(32)

equal opportunity

lift themselves out of poverty

increased literacy rates

increased economic growth and productivity

put a significant burden

not monitored properly

a lack of accountability

lack of resources and facilities

job market saturation

boost national image reflect the unique cultural and historical identityattract tourism

attract tourism pass down traditions enhance the quality of life for citizenssubjective

a resentful attitudenot always bring immediate economic benefits

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Unit 2:

The environment is one of the urgent issues of modern life It is facing many threats and challenges from human activities and changes in the natural world Some issues that learners may encounter in Writing Task 2 are the decline of many plant and animal species, the depletion of natural resources, the advantages and disadvantages of renewable and non-renewable energy sources, and the increasing trend of the throw-away society Chapter 2 will help learners gain more knowledge about these issues and understand the roles of different groups of people in protecting the environment

ENVIRONMENT

The decline of animals and plants

ENVIRONMENT

The consumption of natural

resources at an alarming rate

Causes and effects

of Throw-away society

The decline of animals and plants

Non-enewable energy and renewable energy

Who is in charge of solving the environmental problems

THE DECLINE

OF ANIMALS

AND PLANTS

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HUMAN-MADE ACTIVITIES

One major cause of the decline of many animals and plants is

habitat destruction, which is primarily due to overpopulation

As human populations increase, the demand for housing and

other infrastructure increases, people resort to deforestation to

make way for more human settlements, factories and farms This

has a profound impact on animals, as they lose their habitats

Also, human activities such as burning fossil fuels are releasing

huge amounts of CO2 and other greenhouse gases into the

atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change

This results in the rise in temperature and sea levels which

have severe effects on many species, including disrupted

breeding and feeding patterns, suffering from more frequent

and extreme natural disasters, and increased risk of disease

Overfishing and poaching are also significant threats to species

Specifically, overfishing is depleting fish populations and

endangering the survival of marine animals while poaching is

threatening certain endangered species, such as elephants and

rhinos, which are hunted for their ivory, just for their personal interest

KEY WORDS

• habitat destruction: sự phá huỷ môi

trường sống

• overpopulation: sự quá tải dân số

• fossil fuels: nhiên liệu hóa thạch

• deforestation: nạn phá rừng

• CO2 and greenhouse gases: khí CO2 và

khí nhà kính

• rise in temperature and sea levels: sự

tăng nhiệt độ và mực nước biển

• overfishing and poaching: đánh bắt quá

mức và săn trộm bất hợp pháp

• fish populations: dân số loài cá

Habitat destruction, burning fossil fuels, overfishing, and poaching are the main factors posing a threat to biodiversity

of certain plants and animals in the wild

SUMMARY

THE DECLINE OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS

HABITAT DESTRUCTION

BURNING FOSSIL FUELS

OVERFISHING AND

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The consumption of natural resources at an alarming rate

EFFECTS

The fast consumption of natural resources has numerous

negative impacts on our planet, including environmental

degradation and resource depletion First, deforestation,

primarily for agriculture and urbanization, results in soil

erosion, loss of biodiversity, and increased CO2 emissions,

which exacerbate climate change Additionally, the depletion

of natural resources, such as water and energy, results in

water scarcity and energy insecurity, affecting daily lives and

production activities This, in turn, has economic risks when

prices of these kinds of commodities in the market increase,

which puts some countries at risk

KEY WORDS

• natural resources: tài nguyên thiên nhiên

• environmental degradation: sự xuống

cấp môi trường

• agriculture: nông nghiệp

• urbanization: sự đô thị hoá

• resource depletion: sự cạn kiệt tài

nguyên thiên nhiên

• water scarcity: sự khan hiếm nước

• energy insecurity: sự khủng hoảng

năng lượng

• economic risks: rủi ro về kinh tế

THE FAST CONSUMPTION

OF NATUAL RESOURCES

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

RESOURCE DEPLETION

Fast consumption of natural resources leads to environmental degradation, resource depletion, and economic risks

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Non-renewable and renewable energy sources

Energy is an essential commodity in most human activities, from daily activities to production ones Energy is divided into two main types: non-renewable energy and renewable energy

BENEFITS

Non-renewable energy, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, has

been the primary source of energy for many years due to its

reliability and security Non-renewable energy sources have a

high energy density and can produce a consistent and reliable

supply of energy They have been extensively developed and

optimized over time, making them efficient and dependable

for meeting energy demands Also, non-renewable energy

sources can be easily stored and used as needed, providing a

reliable and readily available source of energy This is

particularly important for industrial and commercial purposes

where a constant and uninterrupted energy supply is essential

It is also a more affordable option for many people, particularly

in developing countries where the cost of renewable energy

technology is high

KEY WORDS

• non-renewable energy: năng lượng

không tái tạo được

• reliability: sự đáng tin cậy

• security: sự an toàn

• energy density: mật độ năng lượng

• a consistent and reliable supply: nguồn

cung liên tục và đánh tin cậy

• extensively developed and optimized: được phát triển và tối ưu rất nhiều

• easily stored and used: dễ dàng trữ và sử

dụng khi cần

• industrial and commercial purposes: mục đích công nghiệp và thương mại

• affordable: phải chăng

• developing countries: nước đang

phát triển

NON-RENEWABLE

ENERGY

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production of non-renewable energy resources to support

their economies For instance, oil-producing countries such as

Saudi Arabia, Russia, and the United States have been able to

use the profits from the sale of oil to support their economies

and provide social services to their citizens

DRAWBACKS

One of the major drawbacks of non-renewable energy is

pollution Burning fossil fuels releases harmful chemicals

into the air, water, and soil, causing damage to both human

health and the environment Air pollution from burning coal,

for example, is a leading cause of respiratory problems, and oil

spills can contaminate waterways and harm wildlife

Another drawback is that non-renewable energy sources are

finite resources, meaning they will eventually run out As we

continue to consume these resources at an alarming rate, we

will eventually deplete them, leaving future generations

without access to these valuable resources

Additionally, many countries are dependent on foreign sources

of non-renewable energy, which can lead to political and

economic instability Countries that rely heavily on oil imports, for

example, are vulnerable to price fluctuations and supply disruptions,

which can have significant impacts on their economies

• finite resources: những nguồn tài nguyên

hữu hạn

• run out: cạn kiệt

• leave future generations without access:

thế hệ tương lai không có để sử dụng

• dependent on foreign sources: phụ thuộc

vào nguồn từ bên ngoài

• political and economic instability: bất ổn

chính trị và kinh tế

RENEWABLE

ENERGY

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Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydropower,

offer several benefits over non-renewable energy sources

One of the most significant benefits is that renewable energy

can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and produce less

harmful emissions of pollutants This can not only help

mitigate the effects of climate change but also improve the

air quality, which helps people reduce the risk of suffering

from respiratory diseases

Renewable energy also offers energy security Unlike fossil fuels,

which are finite resources and subject to price fluctuations and

supply disruptions, renewable energy sources are abundant

As a result, renewable energy helps reduce dependence on

foreign sources of energy

Renewable energy can also create jobs and stimulate

economic growth The renewable energy industry is one of the

fastest-growing industries in the world and has the potential

to create millions of jobs in manufacturing, installation, and

maintenance This can help boost local economies and

provide new opportunities for workers

Finally, renewable energy can increase energy access,

particularly in developing countries Many rural areas lack

access to electricity, which can limit economic development

and social opportunities Renewable energy sources can help

provide electricity to these areas, improving quality of life and

promoting sustainable development.

DRAWBACKS

One of the primary drawbacks is the dependence on weather

Unlike non-renewable energy sources, renewable energy

production is heavily dependent on weather conditions, such

as sunlight, wind, and rainfall This means that renewable

energy sources can be less reliable and less predictable than

non-renewable energy sources

Another major drawback is that renewable energy infrastructure

often requires a large amount of land and resources For

example, large solar or wind farms require significant amounts

of land and can have environmental impacts, such as habitat

destruction and land use changes Moreover, renewable energy

infrastructure such as the installation of hydropower can

change the riverflow and water quality nearby, which affects

the agricultural and daily activities of local residents

KEY WORDS

• abundant: dồi dào và đáng tin cậy

• increase energy access: tăng sự tiếp cận

đến năng lượng

• lack access to electricity:không có điện

• promote sustainable development: thúc

đẩy sự phát triển bền vững

• dependence on weather: sự phụ thuộc

vào thời tiết

• less reliable and predictable: ít đáng tin

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Non-renewable energy sources provide reliable and secure energy with high density, supporting economic growth and affordability However, they cause pollution, are finite resources, and can lead to political and economic instability Meanwhile, renewable energy reduces emissions, improves air quality, creates jobs, and enhances energy security However, it is weather-dependent, requires substantial land and resources, and initial costs can be higher

SUMMARY

SOURCE OF ENERGY

NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Benefits

Drawbacks

Benefits

Drawbacks

set up and maintain While the costs of renewable energy have

been decreasing in recent years, they are still often more

ex-pensive than non-renewable energy sources, particularly in the

short term

Causes and effects of throw-away society

Modern life witnesses a change in the way people consume and dispose of things Indeed, we are living in a society where people are generating more and more waste, or known as the "throw-away society" This phenomenon has various reasons and certainly brings consequences that affect individuals and the environment The diagram below focuses on four objects commonly mentioned in the "throw-away society" topic in Writing Task 2, which are Food, Fashion, Disposable Materials, and Consumerism

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FOOD WASTE

There are many reasons why people waste food, and one of

them is related to food fashion Food fashion refers to the

trend of consuming certain types of food For example,there

is a trend of ordering large amounts of food for social media

photoshoots or to impress others However, when these kinds

of food lose their popularity, they end up in landfills

Food waste from shops and restaurants is a significant problem

in many countries One of the main causes of food waste in these

settings is the practice of discarding perfectly edible food due to

aesthetics Stores and restaurants often prioritize the appearance

of their products, leading them to throw away food that is still

safe to eat but may not look appealing For example, a bakery

may discard bread that is slightly misshapen Another cause of

food waste from shops and restaurants is the sale of products

that are past their sell-by dates Stores and restaurants may be

reluctant to sell products that are near or past their expiration

date, even if the food is still safe to eat Additionally, overstocking

is a common practice among stores and restaurants as they aim

to ensure that they have enough inventory to meet their customers'

needs or just simply due to lack of accurate calculations

Additionally, awareness of the importance of reducing food

waste and storage and preservation methods are normally

ignored, which can contribute to food spoilage and waste

Lastly, others may hesitate to eat leftovers as they may have

concerns about the safety and quality of food that has been

KEY WORDS

• food fashion: những loại đồ ăn được yêu

thích sử dụng vào một thời điểm nào đó

• lose popularity: mất đi sự yêu thích

• landfills: bãi rác

• shops and restaurants: các cửa hàng và

nhà hàng

• discard perfectly edible food: vứt những

loại đồ ăn vẫn còn hoàn toàn ăn được

• prioritize the appearance: ưu tiên vẻ

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FAST FASHION

The "throw-away society" we are living in today is largely

influenced by fast fashion

The use of low-quality materials in clothing production leads to

shorter lifespan and encourages consumers to buy new items

more frequently, thus provoking a cycle of overconsumption

Another factor contributing to this problem is the customers'

constant desire for new clothes Some people feel more

confident when wearing new clothes, or buying them gives

them a sense of excitement

Additionally, many people work in the fashion industry, so

they have to keep up with the latest fashion trends, leading to

a constant need to update their wardrobes

KEY WORDS

• fast fashion: thời trang nhanh

• low-quality materials: vật liệu chất

lượng thấp

• shorter lifespan: vòng đời tồn tại ngắn

• constant desire: nhu cầu liên tục

• work in the fashion industry: làm việc

trong ngành thời trang

• the latest fashion trends: xu hướng

mới nhất

FAST FASHION

DISPOSABLE

MATERIALS

Tiêu đề	Ebook Ideas for IELTS Writing Task 2
Chuyên ngành	IELTS Writing Task 2
Thể loại	Ebook

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