Track 07 Hello, welcome to Broadfields Student Residence. Before wegetonwiththe ofshowingyou to your rooms, there are a few general points I’d like to go through. Firstly, thoseofyouwhohavevisitedusbeforewill thattherehavebeenquiteafew overthe long , and more of the is planned throughout the year. The main _ has been _ to provide better _. There’s now an _ _ in place, for which you will be given a _, aswellasan _ on each floor, so that you can let visitors in.Pleaseonlygiveaccesstopeopleyouknow, however, as the gate will only bestaffedduring _ _.You’llfindtheentry-phonelocatedinthe _ _ ineach _.Thesehavebeen aspartofthegeneral _ofthecookingand eating areas, which now have a full oven as well as a _ and new _. Now, all of the study are going to be redecorated overthe _ _.Thiswillmeanthatyou need to clear your _ and _ upyourstuffforthosetwoweeks,I’m _,buttherewillbearoomwhere you can your stuff safely. Anyone staying with us over the _ may need tochangeroomswhile the work’s going on – but we’ll try to limit the _. The on each floor will be _ at the same time. In the longer term, we hope to theshared facilitiesoneachfloor,butadateisyettobe fixed for the of new machines, _ and ironing boards – so apologies in the meantime if some of the equipment in those areas is . Secondly, a few reminders about what’s included in your rental _ and what you have to pay _ for. Your room will be _ onaweekly _,butifyouwantextra _–likemorethanonceaweek – this can be arranged on payment of a supplement. Ifyoufeelcold,extra is .Thereisasmallchargeforthis,however,tocoverthe _of .Electricityis inyour _,butwewouldaskyoutouseitsparinglyplease,liketurning lights off when you leave a room, to keep costs down. It also makes good _ todo that. Then, if you’ve applied for a parking place for a car or a motorcycle, you should have received an . Once you pay that, you’ll a _toopentheautomatic _.Therearenoassigned , but the number of cards issued is limited, so you should always find a place. And lastly, do take careofyourkey.Lostor keyswillbe ,butwehaveto _a _ for that, I’m afraid – so do try not to get out. And that brings me to my last point: what to do if you have problems. There is astudentrepresentativeoneach floor who should beyour _ _ofcallfor _ .Seriousproblemsshouldbe to the manager, however. For example, if any of the in the kitchen isn’t working properly, tell your student representative and he or she will _ it out for you. Similarly, if you _ _ _ your about levels or whose stuff is whose in the , then hopefully thiscanbe the _getting .Anyinstancesoftheft,orsuspectedtheftif things go missing is more serious, however, and the office should be in . The same applies if you have any with people working for us, whether , _ or whoever, the sooner we know about the , the better fromeverybody’spointofview.Onethingwe can’t help with is problemswiththecomputer .Everyroomhasaninternet and there’s a number to ring if you have problems – don’t call us, call the ! So if there are no further [fade] Track 08 Now, some news about a visiting speaker who's coming to the college next week. Although this actually part of your , it's an event that you certainly missbecauseofthetopicwhichis very relevant to what we've been studying this semester. The speaker's going to bereportingon research into the of the Internet on the industry — with particular reference to _ and _. I haven't yet seen the biography of the speaker, whosenameisn't to me, but I'm hoping to get hold of that for you by tomorrow I’ll put that online. So, some other details: the talk's going to be held in the Library in Room1andwillstartattwofifteen on Monday . Now some people have asked about the fee and whether it is necessary to sign up in advance. Well, happily this event is free for college students anditisn'tpossibletobook — so I'd advise getting there early if you wanttogeta .Hopefully,a ofthetalkwill also be after the event, but that's something else I’ll need to . Track 09 M: So I hear that the college is going to put all over the campus. F: Really? They already have them in some ,likeatthemain andinthecarpark– you can see them. M: Yeah – I know, but thisis .Thesearegoingtobe cameras,sothat people won’t know where they are. I don’t like thatidea.Itfeelslikethere’ssomebodylookingoveryourshoulder all the time I think it’s a real of . F: I would that actually. CCTV cameras are a good thingonthewholebecausetheyactasa to – you know anyonethinkingof intoacarorstealingabag think about it if they know there are cameras about. M: Well – that’s hardly true in this case. CCTV cameras criminalsiftheycanseethem.Butif nobody knows that they’re here, then it doesn’t have the same effect. F: I wouldn’t be so sure actually. I mean if everybody knows thattheyarethere,butnotwheretheyareexactly– that’sevenmoreofa tocrime.Actuallyitwillmakeeverybodythinktwicebeforebehaving M: You’ve got a point there. Iguessit’llhaveaneffectonallofus.AlthoughIdon’tthinkthat’sthe I think the idea is actually to protect us, which I guess is fair enough. F: There’s no doubt in my mind that they do maketheplace –especiallyatnight.And,like,if there’s any or whatever, then having CCTV footage certainly makes it easier to see whose it was. M: There’s no denying that they help in that sort of situation –butI’mstillnotkeenontheideaofhavingthemall over the They should at tell those of us who live here where they are. F: Well, I guess we’ll find out in time, won’t we? M: Probably. Track 10 Audioscript 10 F: So are you finding the websitecalledMendeleyuseful?Ialwaysthinkit’slikethesortofsitesyougetforphoto sharing and social networking, only it’s for academics. M: That’s right. As a scientist, I always dreamt of my research library in the same way as I my music in iTunes. F: And basically, Mendeley provides software to iTunes, which allows you to manage and research and compile _ M: That’s right. It extracts data from members about the papers they’re reading and this information for sale to other people. can learn who’s reading what, when andwhy–farmore quickly than through analysis. F: And a huge of hundreds of articles can be achieved within minutes.Iusedtowastehours doing that. M: Yeah – it couldn’t beeasier.YousimplydropaPDF intoits ;itdoesthehard work of gathering about the contents,andflaggingkey suchaswhowroteit,what it’s about and so on. F: Yes, that’s why Mendeley’s seen such tremendous growth since its launch in 2008. Today itslibrariescontain more than documents, making it one of the world’s largest . M: Because it’s a key aspectof ,isn’tit,readingalltheliterature,citingotherpeople’spapersin your own work to show that your study’s So it must fill a real gap in the market. M: Whose idea was it? F: Three PhD in Germany hit upon the idea in 2008 because they werestrugglingto hundredsof papers.Theythought,you know, ‘Why are there all these cool, fun and helpful applications in other fields but not in science?’ M: Yeah – andratherlike onAmazon,Mendeleyhasa feature.It can be good at finding articles, often ones I’ve missed using my rather random methods. F: Yeah. While people‘network’withother byattending orjoiningemaildiscussion groups, Mendeley achievesasocialnetwork ,instead,ontheresearchpapersyou’reinterestedin. It’s an ability that simply _ previously to us scientists. M: That’s true. For me, the only is that it _ _ promote the ‘open access’modelof scientific publishing, though –youknow,whereanyonecanreadresearchpapersforfree.Instead,whenusers find a paper in the Mendeley andwantto it,theyaredirectedtothepublisher’s and still need to pay for it. F: That’s true – although the basic service is free of charge.Forme,theonly wasthatIdidfindit occasionally failed to from the thousand orsopapersthatI ,but having said that –- it was largely successful. M: Yes, I noticed that too. But it does help among young researchers and trends in scientific research. F: That’s very true. Track 11 You will hear a guide talking to a group of people who are visiting a transport museum. Morning everyone,andwelcometothe museum.I’msureyou’regoingtoreallyenjoyseeingall our exhibits Well, first, some about the museum itself. Back in 1975 we had the idea tocreatea ofthiskindbutittookanothertenyearsbeforewe’d constructed this building and were ready towelcomevisitors.Andthemuseumwasimmediately _ _ with people of .Itwassoonobviousthatweneededmorespace,soweboughtmorelandandput up two _ _ in 1995 – almost doubling our size, which makes us one ofthelargest museums of this kindinthecountry.Themuseumwasclosedforatimein2005toinstallnew and safety equipment but otherwise we’ve operated continuously until the present day. Last year we hadthehighest number of visitors ever – just over –andthisyearwe’reexpectingevenmore.Butitseldomfeels here, even with so many people, because we have such a large number of – in total – covering the _ _ over a period of more than 500 years. So, we obviously have something for everyone and whatever your particular interests in terms of transportation, I’m sureyou’llfindsomethingfascinatinghere.Butbasedon _ _,thereareacoupleof exhibitions I’d particularly recommend. We’re a museum of transport technology, so we obviously don’t cover things like horses or in fact any _ _ But I do advise you to go along and see our earliest exhibitof _ _–Ithinkyou’llbeastonishedbyhow clever the very first were. It’s a lot of fun. One thing we haven’t managed to get holdofyetisan early – that’s what they used to call buses – but what we do have is a very early train. It’s and although it’s not _ _ any longer, it really givesagreat of what travel must have been like in those days. I should just mention that, unfortunately, theexhibitionofthefirst is at the moment for . Now, um, in terms of the museum rules, we do have a few dos anddon’ts.Itjustmakeslifeeasierforeveryone. So we’re not like some art galleries or other museums – you’re absolutely welcome to use your phones and cameras here, no problem. But you should understand, we are aworking museum–thereare cars, bikes and all sorts of other transport moving around here, so , no rushing about, especially you children! We’ve got a here on site andlotsof fountainsif you’re or , but please, no or at all – the whole museum is . But the great thing is, with these sortsofexhibits,youcanclimbonto of them and really explore them, which makes it a . So, what plans does the museum have for the future? Well, we’ve got lots of exciting ideas! We are limited in that _ _ for further construction of a e halls onthissite.Butwe are very aware that atpresent _ _ focusontransportationatsea,sothat’ssomething we to develop very soon. And our of the ‘mission-to-Mars’exhibit just goes to show how popular these new are. We also some experts in one particular field of transportation to comeinandgivetalkstovisitors,toreallybringsomeofourexhibitstolife.We also hope to reduce the cost of an _ _ so that just about everyone will be able to buy one. Well then, that’s just about all I’ve got to say but if anyone has any questions before you begin to look around Track 12 Hello and welcome to Grangefoot Hotel. I hopeyou’regoingtoenjoytakingpartinour _ _ programme this summer. I’m here to give you and tell you about the who you are likely to be dealing with. Naturally,youwilleachhavealinemanager depending you’re working in, and the nature of the work you’ll be doing, but it’s also important to know who’s who and who’s for what areas. Now one person y _ dealings with is Damian Rose. He’s _ _ recruitmentandstaff issues, whether you’re working in the kitchen, or _ _, he’s the persontogotoifyouhaveany queries aboutyoursalaryortermsand ofservice.Damian’sofficeisbehind onthe ground floor and he shares it with Clara Ford. Now Clara’s the person to gotoforother _ ,like anything to do with from guests or to suppliers. Clara doesn’t deal with the details of in terms of room and special requests, but she does deal with for and for . If you’re in the kitchenorthediningroom,you’llneedtoliaisecloselywithPetraSnell.NowPetra the cooking, nor is she the _ _, but rather she all of the activities concerned with providing to our guests, and she’ll be taking direct for those of you on in those areas. Similarly, Oliver Ansell has for large ,suchaswhenthehotelisthevenueforweddings and . He makes sure that we all tomakethoserunsmoothly.I’msureyou’llallbe involved with some of those events in the next few months. And finally that brings us to Luca Petronelli. Luca’s _ _,soifyouareworking there – welcoming guests whentheyarrive,givinginformationabout ,thepaymentof ,etc.–you’ll certainly be working with him. So that just leaves me to Track 13 So, I’ve been looking at in the area that offer basic courses in art and found there’s quite a lotofvariation,butnoclearwinner.PilkingtonCollegeoffersa witha series of rather from a variety of teachers, each talking about his or her specialist area. The coverage of topics is a bit random, therefore, with _ cover a particular syllabus. I’d say go to Pilkington if you’re looking to get access to its _ _withitsthousandsof books and pleasant to sit and read – but perhaps not for the course itself. The City StudyCentrehas ofthoseresources,butits locationmakesittheideal choice for on _ _or hoping to goalongafterwork.Thecourseitselfisalmost wholly exam , however, and so is _ _ for or thoselookingforanoverviewof the subject. Gladstone University offers art courses to the general public, which take place at weekends. The courses are organized as in which participation is expected, which everybody – although the teachers are on hand to give lots of and makesurethingskeep . What makes these classes attractive, however, is the systematic way all major movements are covered, making it an excellent place for the . Roseborough College offers online courses which focusonparticular ofarthistory.The flexible organisationmeansthey’reperfectforanyonewantingto inoneparticulararea,butless good for anyone doing an exam. Although there is the chance to get feedback on individual assignments, the of contact with a tutor is something of a . The International Learning Centre also offers courses in their classroomsatthebusiness park. The location peoplewho haveuseofacar,butthecourseitselfisvery .The is much the same as you’d find anywhere, but the of inspiring on key topics and excellent and personal on really this course out as . Finally, Bevington University offers courses, but they’re . In terms of prestige, this is the one to go for, particularly sinceyougeta attheendofit.Thechancetostudy in these beautiful , whilst taking advantage of the purpose-built is _ _ – even if a rather narrow selection of artistic movements is actually studied on each programme of seminars. Track 14 M: So, Maria, you’ve been doing some reading about the work of , particularly people working at . F: That’s right, where you can listen to someone doingwhat’scalled ona – so you hear the in your own language, sayEnglish,atthesametimeasthespeakerisgivinga talk in his or her own , say or or whatever. M: Right So what did you find out about the background? F: Well, I discoveredthattherearetwomain _ _–theRussianSchoolandtheParisSchool– and they about what is really important in this kind ofsituation.FortheRussianSchool,forexample,the most important thing is that the interpreter understands of the presentation – so that all the and all the of meaning can be to the listener in the language. For the Paris School that’s important – they place instead on how well the interpreter can the in the of the . M: So this would affect which language the needs to be better at. F: Exactly. The Russian School think you should be more in the language, whereas the Paris School think that in the language is more important. M: And what about other research? Did you look at Kalina? F: Yes. Kalina has looked into the whole question of what qualityininterpretingandhowthiscan be . And she says there’s always between and _ – in other words correct and elegant on the one hand, and the message on the other. She concluded that a good interpreter was one who madesurethatthelistenerunderstood what the original speaker – whether or not the language wascompletely .She thought that should be the interpreter’s goal. M: OK And did you look at Buhler’s research? F: Yes – Buhler’s study found that the of and their didnotalwaysmatch.She found that interpreters were far more with and a good in the language,whereasusersoftheirservicescomplainedifthere alogicalflow of , or if was used . M: And Donovan? Did you look at his study? F: Yes, I did. He found that users of services often associated with a fluent, fast and speaker, and saw and as a sign of a interpreter at work – even if this wasn’t out by the of the they got across. M: OK – so what conclusions have you drawn from your reading Track 15 You will hear two environmental studies students, David and Annette, discussing the use of conservation strategies that have been used to help protect endangered species in New Zealand. D = David, A = Annette D: OK, Annette, we’ve got one more week before we have todoourpresentation.Doyouthinkthat’senough time? A: Yeah. We’ve done all the research we need – I mean – on whichspeciesaremost inNew Zealand, and why they’re endangered. I think the only thing for us to do is to have a look at the conservation that have been used so far D: and say whether they’ve worked or not. A: Yes Some have certainly been more successful than others Where do you want to start? D: Well, let’s go in the order of the species we’re focussing on The kakapo, I think, comes first. A: Such an amazing bird! It’s horrible to think that it nearly . D: Yes–itwasn’tbecausehumanswere it–itwasmainlytheratsthathadcomeoverinthe from Europe They were eating the and killing the young . A: But now that all thebirdshavebeenmovedoffthe andliveonislands,kakaponumbersare starting to again. D: Gradually – but yes, it’s looking much more hopeful for their It was definitely the right strategy. A: And what about the fur seal? Their numberswerepretty ,too.Ithinktheoriginalsuggestionwastoset aside a marine for them – an area where they’d be . D: Yes, but that was never going tobe .Basically,it untilthegovernment alaw banning all hunting of marine around the New Zealand that there was any significant . A: That was back in 1978, wasn’t it? D: I think so. A: I’ll double-check it Now what about the kiwi? D: Our national bird If that became , that’d be a real . A: It’d be good if they could be moved to areas. D: But the kind of habitat they require is mainly found in the of New Zealand. Transporting them off to the islands really a solution. A: But what’s been tried already – and the animals that killthem–that reallyworked either, has it? D: Not significantly. I guess you’re right. The problem is,it’snotjustwildanimalsthatkillthekiwichicks.It’sdogs and cats as well. A: I think more should be done to make people of the their can do. D: I agree Now our next is the tuatara Most people think it’s a , apparently. A: Well, it does look like one It’s a unique – there’s nothing really like it anywhere else in the world. D: Apart from the of its habitat, it’s rats and that aretheproblem.Andthestrategyused here – that’s probably the most controversial one. A: Using poison? D: Yes, not because it doesn’t work – it’s actually highly effective – but because the public still aren’t thatthe thatthegovernmentuses to birds and fish as well. A: Yes, Ithinkputtingthestuffonthe isonething,but itfromtheskyisdefinitelymore .D: No doubt the other students will have something to say about that! A: I think the sea turtle’s next There was a bit in the news about them the other day. D: I saw it There was a big one that was found on the It was in a really . A: Yes, it was , essentially Because of the plastic rubbish it’d . D: Yes – turtles can’t often see the difference between a plastic andthekindoftransparent they eat So if it’s something in the ocean, they’ll eat it. A: Unfortunately, yes. And this is one problem that an policy – even if there was one–wouldbe unlikely to fix. You can prohibit large ships from dumping industrial waste at sea, but you can’t stop ordinary people from throwing their litter into the ocean. D: I don’t knowaboutthat.SomeofthemajorconservationgroupsinNewZealandhaveusedthemedia–the television and the Internet – to really spread some about the risks to turtle survival. They’veshownhow people’s – the stuff they drop in the streets – how it ends upintheocean,andIthinkthat’sprobably made a difference to some people’s . A: I hope so That’d be hard to measure, though. D: You’d need to carry out an extensive survey. A: Right What other species are we ? Oh yes, longfin eels. D: Yeah They used to be so common in our rivers But they’re quite hard to spot . A: Well, we know that the reason for their is the amountof inthewater–youknow,fromthe chemicals used in . D:Andthebuildingof .Nowthe can’tswim to anymore.Really,the only strategy that the government have come up with –justacoupleofyearsago,Ithink–theyrecommendeda limit on the number of eels that people are allowed to catch and eat. If peopletaketoomanyfromtheriver,they may have to pay a fine. A: The thing is, no one that Who’s going to keep an eye on it? D: Yes, what they really need to make a is more wetland. A: Right Most of that has been , hasn’t it? D: Yeah Um, the last on our list is the , eh? A: Yes, unlike other New Zealand birds, at least this one can fly! D: But it’s still , primarily because of where they make their – on the beach. A: Yes. People walkoverthesandandtheydon’t thatthey’redamagingthe orbreakingtheeggs. Even if the local council puts up – warning people not to walk over the dunes – they ignore them anyway. D: There’s been someprogresswhenlocalauthoritieshave offpartsofthe ,andyouknow,put back some of the native that used to grow there. A: Yes, when they can get the to , it provides more forthedotterels–and they have a better chance of their successfully. D: OK, let’s divide up the species and decide who’s going to talk about