ADVANCED TOPICS IN MASS TRANSFER pdf

ADVANCED TOPICS IN MASS TRANSFER Edited by Mohamed El-Amin Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer Edited by Mohamed El-Amin Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Iva Lipovic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Martina Sirotic Image Copyright clarusvisus, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published February, 2011 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer, Edited by Mohamed El-Amin p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-333-0 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Part 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Part 2 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Preface IX Mass Transfer in Microchannels, Turbulence, Waves and Plasma 1 Mass-Transfer Characteristics of a Double-Y-Type Microchannel Device 3 Susumu NII Turbulent Buoyant Jet of a Low-Density Gas Leaks Into a High-Density Ambient: Hydrogen Leakage in Air 19 M.F. El-Amin and Shuyu Sun Controlled Mixing and Transport in Comb-Like and Random Jet Array Stirring Systems 43 S. Delbos, E. Chassaing, P. P. Grand, V. Weitbrecht and T. Bleninger Application of Airborne Sound Waves for Mass Transfer Enhancement 61 Sergey V. Komarov Mass-transfer in the Dusty Plasma as a Strongly Coupled Dissipative System: Simulations and Experiments 87 Xeniya Koss, Olga Vaulina, Oleg Petrov and Vladimir Fortov Mass Transfer and Hydro-, Magnetohydro- and Electro- Dynamics 111 Forced Convection Mass-Transfer Enhancement in Mixing Systems 113 Rafał Rakoczy and Stanisław Masiuk Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Past an Infinite Vertical Plate in a Porous Medium with Thermal Radiation, Heat Generation/Absorption and Chemical Reaction 145 Stanford Shateyi and Sandile Motsa Contents Contents VI Mass Transfer, and Effects of Magnetic Fields on the Mass Transfer in Close Binary System 163 Davood Manzoori A Mass Transfer Study with Electrolytic Gas Production 175 Eudésio O. Vilar, Eliane B.Cavalcanti and Izabelle L.T. Albuquerque Mass Transfer Equation and Hydrodynamic Effects in Erosion-Corrosion 191 A. Yabuki Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in Heterogeneous Systems 211 Radmila Garić-Grulovic, Nevenka Bošković-Vragolović, Željko Grbavčić and Rada Pjanović Flow and Mass Transfer inside Networks of Minichannels 229 Florian Huchet Simulation of Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in a Valve Tray Distillation Column Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach 265 A. Jafari, S.M. Mousavi, H. Moteshaffi, H. Roohian and H. Hamedi Sangari Mass Transfer in Food 281 Modeling Moisture Movement in Rice 283 Bhagwati Prakash and Zhongli Pan Mass Transfer Mechanisms during Dehydration of Vegetable Food: Traditional and Innovative Approach 305 Derossi A., Severini C. and Cassi D. Mass Transfer in Cheese 355 Jorge F. Vélez-Ruiz Mass Transfer in Large-Scale Applications 371 Comprehensive Survey of Multi-Elements in Coastal Sea and Stream Sediments in the Island Arc Region of Japan: Mass Transfer from Terrestrial to Marine Environments 373 Atsuyuki Ohta and Noboru Imai Mass Transfers and Sedimentary Budgets in Geomorphologic Drainage Basin Studies 399 Achim A. Beylich Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Part 3 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Part 4 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Contents VII Combined Heat and Mass Transfer 423 Successive Linearisation Solution of Free Convection Non-Darcy Flow with Heat and Mass Transfer 425 Sandile Motsa and Stanford Shateyi Explicit and Approximated Solutions for Heat and Mass Transfer Problems with a Moving Interface 439 Domingo Alberto Tarzia Boundary Control Problems for Oberbeck–Boussinesq Model of Heat and Mass Transfer 485 Gennady Alekseev, Dmitry Tereshko and Vladislav Pukhnachev Heat and Mass Transfer in Desiccant Wheels 513 Celestino Ruivo, José Costa and António Rui Figueiredo Oscillatory Regimes of Solutocapillary Marangoni Convection 535 Konstantin Kostarev, Andrew Zuev and Antonio Viviani Aerodynamics of Ceramic Regular Packing for Heat-Massexchenge Processes 557 Alexandr Pushnov Topics in Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media: Cross-Diffusion, Thermophoresis and Reactive Surfaces 577 Adrian Postelnicu Mass and Heat Transfer During Thin-Film Evaporation of Liquid Solutions 611 Janusz Dziak Part 5 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Pref ac e This book introduces a number of selected advanced topics in mass transfer phenom- enon and covers its theoretical, numerical, modeling and experimental aspects. The 26 chapters of this book are divided into fi ve parts. The fi rst is devoted to the study of some problems of mass transfer in microchannels, turbulence, waves and plasma, while the chapters regarding mass transfer with hydro-, magnetohydro- and electro- dynamics are collected in the second part. The third part deals with mass transfer in food, such as rice, cheese, fruits and vegetables, while the fourth focuses on mass transfer in some large-scale applications such as geomorphologic studies. The last part introduces several issues of combined heat and mass transfer phenomena. The book is considered as a rich reference for researchers and engineers working in the fi eld of mass transfer and related topics. Chapter 1 focuses on mass transfer characteristics of a microchannel device of double-Y type. The second chapter studies the problem of a low-density gas jet injected into a high-density ambient with an example of hydrogen leakage in air, which is consid- ered an important issue facing hydrogen-energy developing. Controlled mixing and transport in comb-like and random jet array stirring systems are studied in the third chapter. The goal of the fourth chapter is to give a deeper insight into the possibilities and limitations of airborne sound waves as a tool to enhance the rates of gas-phase mass transfer and its related phenomena. In Chapter 5 simulations and experiments are performed to investigate mass-transfer in dusty plasma as a strongly coupled dis- sipative system. Chapter 6 studies forced convection mass transfer processes under various types of augmentation technique, i.e. rotational and reciprocating mixers and rotating mag- netic fi eld. The seventh chapter studies unsteady magnetohydrodynamic convective heat and mass transfer past an infi nite vertical plate in a porous medium with thermal radiation, heat generation/absorption and chemical reaction. Eff ects of magnetic fi eld on mass transfer in close binary systems are investigated in Chapter 8, while Chapter 9 studies the eff ect of hydrodynamic condition over mass transfer gas-electrodes for two cathodes geometries during the hydrogen production at chlor-alkali cell by diaphragm process in laboratory scale. In Chapter 10 mass transfer equation and hydrodynamic eff ects are used to predict the Erosion-Corrosion damage. Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in heterogeneous systems are presented in the eleventh chapter. The objective of the experimental work presented in the twel h chapter is using several methods in order to characterize fl ow and mass transfer inside networks composed of cross- ing minichannels. Chapter 13 provides a CFD simulation of hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a valve tray distillation column. X Preface The purpose of Chapter 14 is to illustrate empirical and theoretical approaches based upon principles of mass and heat transfer pursued in modeling of drying processes in rice. The fi  eenth chapter provides the conventional and emerging theories on mass transfer during traditional and innovative drying technologies of fruits and vegetables. The mass transfer in cheese is introduced in Chapter 16. Chapter 17 provides a comprehensive survey of multi-elements in coastal sea and stream sediments in the island arc region of Japan and mass transfer from terrestrial to marine environments. Mass transfer and sedimentary budgets in geomorphologic drainage basin studies are covered in Chapter 18. In the nineteenth chapter a numerical perturbation scheme was developed for solving complex nonlinear boundary value problems arising in problems of heat and mass transfer, while the goal of Chapter 20 is to give a survey of some explicit and approxi- mated solutions for heat and mass transfer in free or moving interface. The boundary control problems for Oberbeck–Boussinesq model of heat and mass transfer are dis- cussed in the twenty-fi rst chapter. In Chapter 22 the results of a detailed numerical model are used to determine the eff ectiveness parameters for the coupled heat and mass transfer processes in desiccant wheels. Chapter 23 describes experiments revealed by the self-oscillatory regimes of solutal convection in an aqueous solution of surfactant with vertically stratifi ed concentration. Aerodynamics of ceramic regular packing for heat and mass exchange processes are studied in the twenty-fourth chapter. Chapter 25 covers cross-diff usion, chemical reaction, thermophoresis and reactive surfaces in the area of heat and mass transfer convective processes in fl uid-saturated porous media. The last chapter of this book, Chapter 26, introduces mass and heat transfer during thin-fi lm evaporation of liquid solutions applied in heat exchangers. Mohamed Fathy El-Amin Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) [...]... outlets In order to adjust the flow rate of each side, capillaries were installed at the effluent tubing All experiments were carried out at a temperature of 298±1K 6 Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer 2.2 Mass- transfer model Within the range of liquid velocities examined, the Reynolds number varies from 17 to 172 The liquid flow examined is laminar Even when two kinds of aqueous solutions are brought into... (Spiegel & Veronis, 1960); and 2 20 Mass Transfer Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer the non-Boussinesq plume was studied, for example, in (Woods, 1997) and (Carlotti & Hunt, 2005) The integral method was used by (Agrawal & Prasad, 2003) to derive similarity solutions for several quantities of interest including the cross-stream velocity, Reynolds stress, the dominant turbulent kinetic energy production term,... difficult to find One possible explanation is the effect of a secondary flow occurring in curved channels At the knife-edge of the double-Y-type channels, two bent flows come together, or one flow is bended to split into two streams It seems that the 16 Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer phenomena the occur at the contacting point have relatively strong impact on the masstransfer If the secondary flow induced... of concentration profile within channel Mass- transfer Characteristics of a Microchannel Device of Double-Y Type 7 The mass- transfer across the contacting plane is modeled on the basis of the diffusion in a semifinite slab For unsteady diffusion in a semifinite slab, the concentration profile at the cross section of the main portion is schematically represented in Fig 4 Since the two liquids are aqueous... substituted into the governing equations of the momentum-dominated regime of a buoyant hydrogen jet, in order to derive a number of turbulent quantities using integral methods In the first step, the expression for U is substituted into the continuity equation and a centerline velocity variation is assumed, and the equation is integrated to determine the mean cross-stream velocity profile V In the second... coefficients in dilute solutions, AIChE J., 1(2), 133 – 272, ISSN 1547-5905 2 Turbulent Buoyant Jet of a Low-Density Gas Leaks Into a High-Density Ambient: Hydrogen Leakage in Air M.F El-Amin and Shuyu Sun King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1 Introduction The low-density gas jet injected into a high-density ambient has particular interest in several industrial... the other The masstransfer of benzoic acid was successfully analyzed with a conventional penetration model with an additional parameter Furthermore, the diffusion coefficients of sucrose, glycine, 4 Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer tryptophan, and urea were measured using a basic equation obtained with benzoic acid The values are in accordance with the literature or the correlated values Since the same... hydrogen-air buoyant jet resulting from a small-scale hydrogen leakage in the air was developed In (El-Amin, 2009), non-Boussinesq hydrogen-air buoyant jet resulting from a small-scale hydrogen leakage in the air was investigated Recently, (El-Amin et al., 2010) introduced analysis of a turbulent buoyant confined jet using realizable k − model and several empirical models were developed In this chapter, we study... problem of low-density gas jet injected into high-density ambient numerically with an example of hydrogen leakage in air which is important issue faces hydrogen energy developing The resulting buoyant jet can be divided into two regimes, momentum-dominated and buoyant-dominated We study each regime indvidualy under certain assumptions and governing laws Firstly, we used the integral method to derive a... within the channel using a laser-based refractive index detector (Costin and Synovec, 2002) or a microscope for measuring fluorescence emission (Costin et al., 2004) A strategy for flow splitting has not yet been developed for the application of microchannel devices to analytical chemistry In the present study, two aqueous layers were brought into contact and separated into two streams after a mass- transfer . ADVANCED TOPICS IN MASS TRANSFER Edited by Mohamed El-Amin Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer Edited by Mohamed El-Amin Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka,. February, 2011 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer, . upon principles of mass and heat transfer pursued in modeling of drying processes in rice. The fi  eenth chapter provides the conventional and emerging theories on mass transfer during traditional