Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer Part 1 doc

ADVANCED TOPICS IN MASS TRANSFER Edited by Mohamed El-Amin Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer Edited by Mohamed El-Amin Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Iva Lipovic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Martina Sirotic Image Copyright clarusvisus, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published February, 2011 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer, Edited by Mohamed El-Amin p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-333-0 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Part 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Part 2 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Preface IX Mass Transfer in Microchannels, Turbulence, Waves and Plasma 1 Mass-Transfer Characteristics of a Double-Y-Type Microchannel Device 3 Susumu NII Turbulent Buoyant Jet of a Low-Density Gas Leaks Into a High-Density Ambient: Hydrogen Leakage in Air 19 M.F. El-Amin and Shuyu Sun Controlled Mixing and Transport in Comb-Like and Random Jet Array Stirring Systems 43 S. Delbos, E. Chassaing, P. P. Grand, V. Weitbrecht and T. Bleninger Application of Airborne Sound Waves for Mass Transfer Enhancement 61 Sergey V. Komarov Mass-transfer in the Dusty Plasma as a Strongly Coupled Dissipative System: Simulations and Experiments 87 Xeniya Koss, Olga Vaulina, Oleg Petrov and Vladimir Fortov Mass Transfer and Hydro-, Magnetohydro- and Electro- Dynamics 111 Forced Convection Mass-Transfer Enhancement in Mixing Systems 113 Rafał Rakoczy and Stanisław Masiuk Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Past an Infinite Vertical Plate in a Porous Medium with Thermal Radiation, Heat Generation/Absorption and Chemical Reaction 145 Stanford Shateyi and Sandile Motsa Contents Contents VI Mass Transfer, and Effects of Magnetic Fields on the Mass Transfer in Close Binary System 163 Davood Manzoori A Mass Transfer Study with Electrolytic Gas Production 175 Eudésio O. Vilar, Eliane B.Cavalcanti and Izabelle L.T. Albuquerque Mass Transfer Equation and Hydrodynamic Effects in Erosion-Corrosion 191 A. Yabuki Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in Heterogeneous Systems 211 Radmila Garić-Grulovic, Nevenka Bošković-Vragolović, Željko Grbavčić and Rada Pjanović Flow and Mass Transfer inside Networks of Minichannels 229 Florian Huchet Simulation of Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in a Valve Tray Distillation Column Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach 265 A. Jafari, S.M. Mousavi, H. Moteshaffi, H. Roohian and H. Hamedi Sangari Mass Transfer in Food 281 Modeling Moisture Movement in Rice 283 Bhagwati Prakash and Zhongli Pan Mass Transfer Mechanisms during Dehydration of Vegetable Food: Traditional and Innovative Approach 305 Derossi A., Severini C. and Cassi D. Mass Transfer in Cheese 355 Jorge F. Vélez-Ruiz Mass Transfer in Large-Scale Applications 371 Comprehensive Survey of Multi-Elements in Coastal Sea and Stream Sediments in the Island Arc Region of Japan: Mass Transfer from Terrestrial to Marine Environments 373 Atsuyuki Ohta and Noboru Imai Mass Transfers and Sedimentary Budgets in Geomorphologic Drainage Basin Studies 399 Achim A. Beylich Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Part 3 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Part 4 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Contents VII Combined Heat and Mass Transfer 423 Successive Linearisation Solution of Free Convection Non-Darcy Flow with Heat and Mass Transfer 425 Sandile Motsa and Stanford Shateyi Explicit and Approximated Solutions for Heat and Mass Transfer Problems with a Moving Interface 439 Domingo Alberto Tarzia Boundary Control Problems for Oberbeck–Boussinesq Model of Heat and Mass Transfer 485 Gennady Alekseev, Dmitry Tereshko and Vladislav Pukhnachev Heat and Mass Transfer in Desiccant Wheels 513 Celestino Ruivo, José Costa and António Rui Figueiredo Oscillatory Regimes of Solutocapillary Marangoni Convection 535 Konstantin Kostarev, Andrew Zuev and Antonio Viviani Aerodynamics of Ceramic Regular Packing for Heat-Massexchenge Processes 557 Alexandr Pushnov Topics in Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media: Cross-Diffusion, Thermophoresis and Reactive Surfaces 577 Adrian Postelnicu Mass and Heat Transfer During Thin-Film Evaporation of Liquid Solutions 611 Janusz Dziak Part 5 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Pref ac e This book introduces a number of selected advanced topics in mass transfer phenom- enon and covers its theoretical, numerical, modeling and experimental aspects. The 26 chapters of this book are divided into fi ve parts. The fi rst is devoted to the study of some problems of mass transfer in microchannels, turbulence, waves and plasma, while the chapters regarding mass transfer with hydro-, magnetohydro- and electro- dynamics are collected in the second part. The third part deals with mass transfer in food, such as rice, cheese, fruits and vegetables, while the fourth focuses on mass transfer in some large-scale applications such as geomorphologic studies. The last part introduces several issues of combined heat and mass transfer phenomena. The book is considered as a rich reference for researchers and engineers working in the fi eld of mass transfer and related topics. Chapter 1 focuses on mass transfer characteristics of a microchannel device of double-Y type. The second chapter studies the problem of a low-density gas jet injected into a high-density ambient with an example of hydrogen leakage in air, which is consid- ered an important issue facing hydrogen-energy developing. Controlled mixing and transport in comb-like and random jet array stirring systems are studied in the third chapter. The goal of the fourth chapter is to give a deeper insight into the possibilities and limitations of airborne sound waves as a tool to enhance the rates of gas-phase mass transfer and its related phenomena. In Chapter 5 simulations and experiments are performed to investigate mass-transfer in dusty plasma as a strongly coupled dis- sipative system. Chapter 6 studies forced convection mass transfer processes under various types of augmentation technique, i.e. rotational and reciprocating mixers and rotating mag- netic fi eld. The seventh chapter studies unsteady magnetohydrodynamic convective heat and mass transfer past an infi nite vertical plate in a porous medium with thermal radiation, heat generation/absorption and chemical reaction. Eff ects of magnetic fi eld on mass transfer in close binary systems are investigated in Chapter 8, while Chapter 9 studies the eff ect of hydrodynamic condition over mass transfer gas-electrodes for two cathodes geometries during the hydrogen production at chlor-alkali cell by diaphragm process in laboratory scale. In Chapter 10 mass transfer equation and hydrodynamic eff ects are used to predict the Erosion-Corrosion damage. Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in heterogeneous systems are presented in the eleventh chapter. The objective of the experimental work presented in the twel h chapter is using several methods in order to characterize fl ow and mass transfer inside networks composed of cross- ing minichannels. Chapter 13 provides a CFD simulation of hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a valve tray distillation column. X Preface The purpose of Chapter 14 is to illustrate empirical and theoretical approaches based upon principles of mass and heat transfer pursued in modeling of drying processes in rice. The fi  eenth chapter provides the conventional and emerging theories on mass transfer during traditional and innovative drying technologies of fruits and vegetables. The mass transfer in cheese is introduced in Chapter 16. Chapter 17 provides a comprehensive survey of multi-elements in coastal sea and stream sediments in the island arc region of Japan and mass transfer from terrestrial to marine environments. Mass transfer and sedimentary budgets in geomorphologic drainage basin studies are covered in Chapter 18. In the nineteenth chapter a numerical perturbation scheme was developed for solving complex nonlinear boundary value problems arising in problems of heat and mass transfer, while the goal of Chapter 20 is to give a survey of some explicit and approxi- mated solutions for heat and mass transfer in free or moving interface. The boundary control problems for Oberbeck–Boussinesq model of heat and mass transfer are dis- cussed in the twenty-fi rst chapter. In Chapter 22 the results of a detailed numerical model are used to determine the eff ectiveness parameters for the coupled heat and mass transfer processes in desiccant wheels. Chapter 23 describes experiments revealed by the self-oscillatory regimes of solutal convection in an aqueous solution of surfactant with vertically stratifi ed concentration. Aerodynamics of ceramic regular packing for heat and mass exchange processes are studied in the twenty-fourth chapter. Chapter 25 covers cross-diff usion, chemical reaction, thermophoresis and reactive surfaces in the area of heat and mass transfer convective processes in fl uid-saturated porous media. The last chapter of this book, Chapter 26, introduces mass and heat transfer during thin-fi lm evaporation of liquid solutions applied in heat exchangers. Mohamed Fathy El-Amin Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) [...]... 0.0 0.5 1. 0 - 0.5 vav 1. 5 2.0 - 0.5 [ (m/s) 2.5 3.0 ] Fig 10 Determination of diffusion coefficient of glycine Solute Diffusion coefficient (observed)[m2/s] at 298K Diffusion coefficient (literature)[m2/s] at 298K Benzoic acid 9.0 x 10 -10 * 9.0 x 10 -10 Sucrose 5.2 ± 0.2 x 10 -10 ** 5.2 x 10 -10 Glycine 1. 2 ± 0 .1 x 10 -9 ** 1. 1 x 10 -9 Urea 1. 4 x 10 -9 * *1. 4 x 10 -9 Tryptophan 5.6 x 10 -10 ***5.7 x 10 -10 *(Yang... J Fluorine Chem., 12 5 (11 ), 16 77 -16 94, ISSN 0022 -11 39 18 Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer Maruyama, T.; Uchida, J.; Ohkawa, T.; Futami, T.; Katayama, K.; Nishizawa, K.; Sotowa K.: Kubota, F.; Kamiya, N.; Goto, M (2003) Enzymatic degradation of p-chlorophenol in a two-phase flow microchannel system Lab on a Chip 3(4), 308- 312 , ISSN 14 73 019 7 Mala, G M & Li, D (19 99) Flow characteristics of water in microtubes,... determination of the unknown diffusion coefficient of solutes The correction factor, P, to be applied to Eq (8) expresses the characteristics of the 12 Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer 14 solute : tryptophan 10 8 Cout -5 3 [ 10 kmol/m ] 12 6 4 slope 2 0 0.0 0.5 1. 0 - 0.5 vave 1. 5 2.0 - 0.5 [ (m/s) 2.5 ] Fig 11 Determination of diffusion coefficient of tryptophan 16 　 out C [ 10 -3 3 kmol/m ] 14 solute... rotating motion whose direction was normal to the flow axis, the mass- transfer across the interface could be influenced In addition to the flow in the bulk region, there can be some wall effects on the flow such as the slip of the liquid or surface roughness, which were pointed out by Tretheway (2002) and Mala (19 99) 1. 6 benzoic acid sucrose 1. 5 P [-] 1. 4 1. 3 1. 2 1. 1 1. 0 0 10 30 60 Angle [ deg ] Fig 15 ... micro-channels Int J Heat and Mass Transfer, 48 (10 ), 19 82 -19 98, ISSN 0 017 -9 310 Higbie, R (19 35) The rate of absorption of a pure gas into a still liquid during short periods of exposure Trans AIChE, 31, 365-389 Jost, W. (19 52) Diffusion in solids, liquids, gases, Academic Press Inc., New York Löb, P.; Löwe, H.; Hessel, V (2004) Fluorinations, chlorinations and brominations of organic compounds in micro reactors... outlets In order to adjust the flow rate of each side, capillaries were installed at the effluent tubing All experiments were carried out at a temperature of 298±1K 6 Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer 2.2 Mass- transfer model Within the range of liquid velocities examined, the Reynolds number varies from 17 to 17 2 The liquid flow examined is laminar Even when two kinds of aqueous solutions are brought into... the effect of flow on mass- transfer 2 Determination of diffusivity 2 .1 Microchannel module and materials Benzoic acid, sucrose, tryptophan, urea, and glycine were selected as transferring solutes The aqueous solutions were prepared as feedstock, and the concentration of each of these was set at 1. 19x10-3 kmol/m3, 1. 46x10-2 kmol/m3, 1. 19x10-3 kmol/m3, 8.7x10-2 kmol/m3, and 6.7x10-2 kmol/m3 respectively... (Spiegel & Veronis, 19 60); and 2 20 Mass Transfer Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer the non-Boussinesq plume was studied, for example, in (Woods, 19 97) and (Carlotti & Hunt, 2005) The integral method was used by (Agrawal & Prasad, 2003) to derive similarity solutions for several quantities of interest including the cross-stream velocity, Reynolds stress, the dominant turbulent kinetic energy production... (9) 6 24 Mass Transfer Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer 0.02 Panchapakesan & Lumley (19 93) 0. 015 0. 01 0.005 V U cl 0 -0.005 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 2 -0. 01 -0. 015 -0.02 -0.025 Present model based on H2-air jet (Schefer et al., 2008) Present model based on air-air jet (Becker et al., 19 67) -0.03 Fig 2 Cross-stream velocity profile for the momentum-dominated jet 2.2 Mean and turbulent quantities The continuity... Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer 16 300μm 200μm 10 0μm 12 10 Cout -4 3 [ 10 kmol/m ] 14 8 6 4 0.5 1. 0 1. 5 - 0.5 vave 2.0 2.5 - 0.5 [ (m/s) 3.0 ] Fig 12 Effect of channel thickness on outlet concentration of sucrose 3.3 Effect of channel length The residence time of the liquid in contact changes with a change in the channel length Therefore, without any disturbance in flow, the amount of solute transferred . 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Part 3 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Part 4 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Contents VII Combined Heat and Mass Transfer 423 Successive Linearisation. ADVANCED TOPICS IN MASS TRANSFER Edited by Mohamed El-Amin Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer Edited by Mohamed El-Amin Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 510 00 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright. February, 2 011 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer,