T h e bottle shall be closed immediately with a tight- fitting stopper, and placed in an ice bath or refrigerator capable of bringing the gasoline to a temperature of not less than 32°F
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Designation: D 216 - 77 (Reapproved 1982)
4Ib
Designation: 191 /65 (75)
An American National Standard British Standard 4717
Standard Method for
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 216; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval This is also a standard of the Institute of Petroleum issued under the fixed designation IP 19 I The final number indicates the year of last revision
This method was issued as a joint A S T M - I P standard in 1965
This method has been adopted f o r use by government agencies to replace Method 1015 of Federal Test Method Standard No
791 b
1 Scope
1.1 This method covers the distillation of
natural gasoline
NOTE 1-The values stated in inch-pound units
are to be regarded as the standard
2 Applicable Documents
2 1 ASTM Standards:
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometer?
E 133 Specification for Distillation Equip-
ment’
3 Summary of Method
3 1 A sample of 1 0 0 ml is distilled at at-
mospheric pressure without fractionation, and
readings are taken of the vapor temperatures
corresponding t o the amounts distilled
4 Significance
4 1 Natural gasoline is so volatile that it
must b e handled, measured, condensed, and
recovered at lower temperatures than most
petroleum products This method incorpo-
rates handling and other precautions for pre-
cision
4.2 A n indication of the volatility blending
characteristics that a natural gasoline will ex-
hibit when blended with refinery stocks t o
make a finished gasoline is obtained from the
results of this type of distillation
5 Apparatus
5 1 T h e apparatus listed in the following,
5 1 1 through 5 1 5 , shall conform to Specifi-
cation E 133
flask
5.1.1 Flask -Standard 100-ml distillation
5.1.2 Condenser and Cooling Bath
5.1.3 Shield, Type 1 o r 2
5.1.4 Flask Support, Type 1 or 2 with 5.1.5 Graduared Cylinder, 1 00-ml
structed that heat can be obtained to distill the product at the rate specified T h e flame shall never be so large that it spreads over a circle
of diameter greater than 4’/2 in (1 1 5 mm) on the under surface of the asbestos board A
sensitive regulating valve and gas pressure governor are desirable adjuncts, as they give complete control of heating
5.1.7 Electric Heater - An electric heater may be used instead of the gas burner and shall b e capable of bringing over the first d r o p within the time specified in 8.1 when started cold, and of continuing the distillation at a
uniform rate (A heater unit of low-heat ca- pacity, adjustable from O to 750 W , has been found satisfactory) When an electric heater is employed, the portion of the shield above the board Type A
’ This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants
In the IP this method is under the jurisdiction of the Stan- dardization Committee
Current edition approved Aug 26 1977 Published October
1977 Originally published as D216-25 Last prexious edition
.4miral Book oj’ASTM Slandards, Vols 05.03 and 14.01
’ Iwiirol Book ofAS7’M Standards Vols 05.03 and 14.02 D216-54 (1976)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Trang 2W 900927b 0019817 731 =
D 2 1 6 - @ 191
board shall be the same as with the gas
burner, but the part below the board may be
omitted
shown below and conforming to the require-
ments for ASTM Thermometer 7 F o r 7 C , as
prescribed in Specification E 1, or IP ther-
mometer 5 C
Thermometer Number Temperature Range ASTM IP
30 to 580°F 7F
6 Sampling
6.1 Samples should be collected in a previ-
ously cooled bottle, preferably by immersing
the bottle in the liquid, where possible, and
discarding the first sample Where immersion
is not possible the sample should be drawn off
into a previously cooled bottle in such a man-
ner that agitation is kept at a minimum T h e
bottle shall be closed immediately with a tight-
fitting stopper, and placed in an ice bath or
refrigerator capable of bringing the gasoline
to a temperature of not less than 32°F (O'C),
nor more than 40°F (4.5"C)
7 Preparation of Apparatus
7.1 Fill the condenser bath with cracked
ice (Note 2) and add enough water to cover
the condenser tube Maintain the temperature
between 32 and 34°F (O and 1.1"C) Agitation
with air gently aids in maintaining the re-
quired temperature range
NOTE 2 -Any other convenient cooling medium
may be used
7.2 Swab the condenser tube to remove
any liquid remaining from the previous test A
piece of soft, lint-free cloth attached to a cord
o r copper wire may be used for this purpose
7 3 Measure a 100-ml sample in the 100-
ml graduated cylinder at 32 to 40°F (O to
4.5"C) and transfer it directly to the distil1.a-
tion flask Both the flask and the graduated
cylinder shall have been cooled t o a tempera-
ture of from 32 to 40°F (O to 4.5"C) before
use Do not permit any of the liquid to flow
into the vapor tube
7 4 Make a record of the room tempera-
ture at the time of each distillation T h e heat-
ing apparatus including the shield and flask
support shall be at room temperature at the
start of each distillation
7.5 Fit the thermometer (previously cooled
to a temperature of 32 to 40°F (O to 4.5"C)
and dried) tightly into the flask with a suitable cork so that it will be in the middle of the neck, and so that the lower end of the capil- lary tube is on a level with the inside of the bottom of the vapor outlet tube at its junction with the neck of the flask
7.6 Place the charged flask in the 11/4-in (32-mm) opening in the 6 by 6-in (150 by 150-mm) asbestos board with the vapor outlet
tube inserted into the condenser tube A tight
connection must be made by means of a cork through which the vapor tube passes Adjust the position of the flask so that the vapor tube extends into the condenser tube not less than
1 in (25 mm) nor more than 2 in (50 mrn) 7.7 Place the graduated cylinder used in measuring the charge without drying, at the outlet of the condenser tube in such a position that the condenser tube shall extend into the cylinder at least 1 in (25 m m ) , but not below the 100-ml mark Immerse the graduated cyl- inder up to the level of the outlet of the condenser tube in a transparent bath main- tained between the temperatures of 32 and 34°F (O and 1.i"C) Cover the top of the cylinder closely during the distillation with a piece of blotting paper, or its equivalent, so
cut as to fit the condenser tube tightly A lead washer, or other suitable material, resting on
the blotting paper is a convenient accessory as
it serves to hold the paper tightly against the top of the cylinder and also provides the addi- tional weight necessary t o overcome the buoy- ant effect of the liquid in the cooling bath
8 Procedure
8.1 When everything is in readiness, apply heat immediately at a uniform rate, so regu- lated that the first drop of the condensate falls from the condenser in notless than 2 min nor more than 5 min When the first drop falls from the end of the condenser, move the re- ceiving cylinder so that the end of the con- denser tube shall touch the side of the cylin- der Then regulate the heat so that the first 10
ml of distillate shall be recovered in not less than 3 min nor more than 4 min Thereafter, maintain the rate of distillation uniformly at not less than 4 rnl/min nor more than 5 rnl/ min Record the reading of the distillation thermometer when the level of the distillate
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D 2 1 6 - @ 191
rated at the temperature in question Make clear distinction between the inclusion or ex- clusion of the distillation loss figure in the report of the volume of distillate obtained a t
a n y prescribed temperature In the first case report the figure as the volume ewporared, in
the second, as the volume recovered
reaches each 10-ml mark on the cylinder I n
case a product is being tested to ascertain
whether or not i t conforms with a given speci-
fication, make and record all necessary obser-
vations, whether or not they are included in
the series ordinarily employed by the labora-
tory making the test
8.2 When the liquid residue in the distilla-
tion flask is approximately 5 m l , the heat may
be increased because of the presence of heavy
ends which have relatively high boiling points
However, do not apply any further increase of
heat after this adjustment T h e 4 to 5-ml rate
cannot always be maintained from this point
to t h e end of the distillation, but in no case
should the period between the point when
approximately 5 ml of the liquid remains i n
the flask and the end point be more than 5
min
8 3 Continue the heating until the mercury
reaches a maximum and starts to fall consist-
ently after the bottom of the flask has become
dry Record the highest temperature observed
on the distillation thermometer as the maxi-
mum temperature or erid poirir
8 4 Observe the total volume of the distil-
late collected in the receiving cylinder at the
conclusion of the distillation, and thereafter at
not less than ?-min intervals, until successive
observations agree Then record this volume
as the recover!
8.5 Pour the cooled residue from the flask
into a small cylinder graduated in 0.1 m l ,
measure when cool, and record the volume as
residrre at 32 to 40°F (O to 4.5"C)
8.6 Calculate the difference between 100
ml and the sum of the recovery and the resi-
due and record as disrillariori loss
NOTE 3 - A b n o r m a l distillation losses, when
caused by low barometric pressure, may be cor-
rected by the equation given below to an approxi-
mation of the loss to b e expected under normal
pressure The corrected losses shall not be used in
the calculation of percentages e v a p o r a t e d
Corrected loss = A L + B
where:
L = observed distillation loss,
A and B = empirical constants, as given in Table
1, for various values of t h e observed baromet-
ric pressure
8.7 The sum of the volunie collected in the
cylinder at any specified temperature, includ-
ing the initial boilins point, and the distillation
loss may be recorded as the percentage evapo-
9 Correction of Temperature Points to Stan-
9 1 Ascertain and record the actual baro- metric pressure, but do not make any correc- tion except in case of dispute I n such cases correct the temperature points to 760 mm (29.92 in.) Hg, by the use of the Slrdney Young equation, as follows:
For Celsius readirrgs:
For F d i reri h eir readings:
where:
C, and C, = the correction to be added to the observed temperature t , or I,, respec- tively, and
P = the actual barometric pressure, m m Hg
I n case of dispute, however, no test shall be regarded as official when conducted under an absolute pressure lower than 735 m m (38.94 in.) Hg
9.2 The following table is a convenient ap- proximation of the corrections as calculated
by the above equation:
dard Atmospheric Pressure
C, = 0.00012 (760 - P ) ( 2 7 3 + I , )
C, = 0.00012 (760 - P)(160 + I,)
Temperature Range
"C "F
10 to 30 50 to 86
30 to 50 86 to 122
50 to 70 122 to 158
70 to 90 158 to 194
90 to 110 194 to 230
110 to 130 230 to 266
130 to 150 266 to 302
150 to 170 302 to 338
170 to 190 338 to 374
190 to 210 374 to 410
210 to 230 410 to 446
230 to 250 446 to 482
250 to 270 482 to 518
270 to 290 518 to 554
290 to 310 554 to 590
Correction"ll0-mm Difference in Pressure
"C "F
0.35 0.63 0.38 0.68 0.40 0.77 0.47 0.76 0.45 0.81 0.47 0.85 0.50 0.89 0.52 0.94 0.54 0.98 0.57 1 o2 0.59 1 .O6
0.62 1.11 0.61 1.15 0.66 1.19 0.69 1 ?-I
" To be added in case barometric pressure is below 760
m m Hg (101.3 kPa); to be subtracted in case barometric pressure is above 760 m m Hg (101.3 kPa)
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D 2 1 6 - @ 191
pressure and report that the correction has been made Do not correct thermometer readings for errors due to emergent stem
11 Precision
11.1 With proper care and strict attention
to details, duplicate results obtained for end point should not differ from each other by more than 6°F (3.5"C) Differences in dupli- cate temperature readings for each prescribed percentage point should not exceed the amounts equivalent to 2 ml of distillate at each point in question
Correction io-mm Temperature Range Difference in Pressure
"C "F "C "F
310 to 330 590 to 626 0.71 1.28
330 to 350 626 to 662 0.74 1.32
350 to 370 662 to 698 0.76 1.37
370 to 390 698 to 733 0.78 1.31
390 to 410 734 to 770 0.81 1.45
10 Report
10.1 Report the data recorded in Section 8
according to requirements, the room temper-
ature, and the barometric pressure I n cases of
dispute, correct for variations of barometric
TABLE 1 Values of the Constants "A" and "B" Used in
Obtaining Corrected Distillation Loss
Pressure Pressure
mm HE mm He
B
Barometric A Barometric A
560 0.231 0.384 660 0.375 0.312
570 0.240 0.380 670 0.400 0.300
580 0.250 0.375 680 0.428 0.286
590 0.261 0.369 690 0.461 0.269
600 0.273 0.363 700 0.500 0.250
610 0.286 0.357 710 0.545 0.227
620 0.300 0.350 720 0.600 0.200
630 0.316 0.342 730 0.667 0.166
640 0.333 0.333 740 0.750 0.125
650 0.333 0.323 750 0.857 0.071
760 1.000 0.000
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