In hotel business, tracking and analyzing guest characteristics are really important. It helps the hotel come up with the right strategy to attract prospective guests in the future. From there, improving the number of customers and increasing revenue of the hotel. Once this research is done, the hotel will have a clearly look at the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in business. They will better understand the characteristics of the potential customer group through comparing and analyzing the characteristics of domestic and international guests. Since then, giving out sales strategies and promotions suitable to attract customers both during the low season and the high season. With the aim investigation into the characteristic of guest to attracting prospect customers at Anh Nguyet Hotel This case study is carried out basing on theoretical background and the practical data which concentrate on the analysis the characteristic and behavior of customer in lodging industry. Then, basing on data analysis create right strategy to attracting customers. From this, I hope the hotel will increase the number of guest in the future.
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
During my two years of study at Duy Tan University, I received a vocational translation training I have studied translation by means of such as economic reports, international and domestic news, literary works, short stories and poems Now I want to challenge myself on a subject I've always liked That is the training the human outlook that alters perception
The outlook on life is one of the most important fields for society. People are still constantly learning and conquering it I chose this book to translate as through conversations, stories, and meditations, the Dalai Lama shows us how to defeat day-to-day anxiety, insecurity, anger, and discouragement Together with Dr Howard Cutler, he explores many facets of everyday life, including relationships, loss, and the pursuit of wealth, to illustrate how to ride through life's obstacles on a deep and abiding source of inner peace Based on 2,500 years of Buddhist meditations mixed with a healthy dose of common sense, The Art of Happiness is a book that crosses the boundaries of traditions to help readers with difficulties common to all human beings
Therefore, understanding them requires a solid linguistic background, grasping technical terms, analyzing sentence structures correctly, and writing phrases or words that best fit the target language.
I realized that this is an interesting challenge for me At the same time, I can learn and improve my translation skills through this graduation paper.
Finally, I also completed the translation with great effort I hope that,thanks to the proposed version, I will be able to provide the necessary information and knowledge to all those who want to know this field clearly.Furthermore, I would like to offer readers an insight into the complex terms and sentence structures encountered in the translation process.
Aims and objectives
- Applying the English knowledge and translation skills that I acquired over the last four years to translate the excerpt of the book and ensure to convey accurately meaning, messages and ideas
- Translating and analyzing challenging vocabulary and structures
- Giving some implications and practical solutions for teaching and learning English, especially Translation from English to Vietnamese and vice versa.
The objectives of the thesis to achieve set goals are as follows:
- Thoroughly translating process to decipher the meanings of multiple words in a sort of contexts and understand the grammatical structures of sentence.
- Offering a fluent and natural suggested translation of the excerpt of the book so that readers can benefit from it.
Scope of the Study
This graduation paper will focus on translating and analyzing some difficult vocabularies and structures of the suggested version of chapter 5, 6
“A new model for intimacy” and “Deepening our connection to others” of the book “The art of happiness” by the Dalai Lama and Dr Howard Cutler,
1998 However, within the scope of the paper and due to time limitation, this paper only focuses on chapter 5 and some first parts of chapter 6 with approximately 3,000 words.
During the translation process, I find out some difficulties when I translated such as the way to use English grammar, and some other problems of language Therefore, I would like to give some essential solutions and suggestions to help translators to translate better
The book "The Art of Happiness" is a book by the 14th Dalai Lama and Howard Cutler, a psychiatrist who posed questions to the Dalai Lama
This is a great book with a guide to Eastern spiritual traditions for a Western audience It covers all facets of the human experience, including how to solve everyday problems so that you can live a happy life Plus, how you can remain peaceful during highly stressful and challenging times.
The book is divided into chapters, but I chose chapter 5,6 to translate and analyze for my graduation thesis Many people will be inspired and motivated as a result of reading this book.
In the graduation thesis, I chose to translate Chapter 5, 6 of Part II of the book "The Art of Happiness" The translation is approximately 2,826 words long.
The text is divided into a lot of small sections and it is organized as follows:
Part one: The purpose of life.
Part two: Human warmth and compassion.
Part five: Closing reflections on living a spiritual life.
This text comes from the book “The Art of Happiness” written by the Dalai Lama and Dr Howard Cutler in 1998
The Art of Happiness is the book that started the genre of happiness books, and it remains the cornerstone of the field of positive psychology. Through conversations, stories, and meditations, the Dalai Lama shows us how to defeat day-to-day anxiety, insecurity, anger, and discouragement.Together with Dr Howard Cutler, he explores many facets of everyday life,including relationships, loss, and the pursuit of wealth, to illustrate how to ride through life's obstacles on a deep and abiding source of inner peace.Based on 2,500 years of Buddhist meditations mixed with a healthy dose of common sense, The Art of Happiness is a book that crosses the boundaries of traditions to help readers with difficulties common to all human beings After being in print for ten years, this book has touched countless lives and uplifted spirits around the world.
Method of the Study
- Using scanning and skimming skills to read carefully the whole selected part for translation and get the main points.
- Translating and noting the difficult terminologies, vocabulary, and structures
- Discussing with the supervisor and friends when needed.
- Enumerating multiple-meaning vocabulary and sentences with difficult structure, researching and analyzing them to support translation process
-Translating the contents based on vocabulary, structure and grammar theories.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF TRANSLATION 5 2.1 Translation Theory
Definition of Translation
There are many concepts of the word “Translation” depending on the personal view of each person so there is no certain definition of translation. The following are some of the definitions of translation given by linguists around the world.
“Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)” (J.C Catford, 1965:20)
“Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text” (Peter Newmark, 1988:5)
To conclude, translation is to convert meanings and messages of one language to another language, but still ensuring the exact similarity of meaning and content with the original text.
Types of Categories
Depending on three different aspects including extent, level, and ranks, Catford (1978: 21) categorizes translation into six types.
Based on the extent, translation has two types: Full Translation and
Full translation is the type of translation in which the entire SL text is reproduced by the TL text materials
Example: To have a good health, besides working out regularly, we should have sensibly eating habit.
Để có sức khỏe tốt, ngoài việc tập thể dục thường xuyên, chúng ta nên có thói quen ăn uống hợp lý.
Partial translation is the type of translation in which only some parts of the SL text are translated into the TL text.
Example: Kimchi là món ăn đặc trưng của người Hàn Quốc
Kimchi is a speciality of Korean
In terms of level, there are two types of translation: Total Translation and Restricted Translation
Total translation is the replacement of SL grammar and lexis by equivalent TL grammar and lexis with consequential replacement of SL phonology or graphology by (non-equivalent) TL phonology or graphology
Example: Một bàn thắng, nhưng đằng sau nó là cả thiên đường và địa ngục, và điều đó nói lên sự quyết liệt của V-League
A goal with both the heaven and the hell behind proves the drastic competition of V-League
Restricted translation is the replacement of SL textual material by equivalent TL textual one, at only one level It is the translation performed only at the phonological or at the graphological level, or at only one of the two levels of grammar and lexis.
Example: “Khi mới bước chân về làm dâu, con sợ thầy lắm”.
At the time to be your daughter-in-law, I was afraid of you, father!
Catford also offered other kinds of translations, including phonological,graphological, and grammatical translations
Phonological translation is the type of translation in which SL phonology is replaced by equivalent TL phonology but with no replacement of SL grammar and lexis
Example: Tone sur tone Tông suyệt tông
Graphological translation is the type of translation in which SL graphology is replaced by equivalent TL graphology but with no other replacement
Grammatical translation is the type of translation in which SL grammar is replaced by equivalent TL grammar with no replacement of lexis.
Example: This car was bought by my grandparents in 2010.
Ông bà tôi đã mua chiếc ô tô đó từ năm 2010.
Methods and Principles of Translation
The SL word order is preserved, and the words are translated by the most common meanings Cultural words are translated literally The main use of this method is either to understand the mechanics of the source language or to construe a difficult text as a pre-translation process
Example: Roses are red, Violets are blue.
Những bông hồng thì màu đỏ, những bông Vi-ô-lét thì màu xanh.
The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents but the lexical items are again translated out of context As pre- translation process, it indicates problems to be solved
Example: They were as much alike as two balls of cotton (Mitchell,
Hai anh em chúng giống nhau như hai bành bông vải (Cuốn theo chiều gió – Dương Tường dịch)
A faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original meaning within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures It transfers cultural words and preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical abnormality in the translation It attempts to be completely faithful to intentions and the text realization of the SL writer.
Example: “Her hair is as dark as the night.”
Tóc cô ấy đen như gỗ mun.
Semantic Translation seems to be less dependent on the SL's constraints, so it is much closer to the TL than others, which are converted by using the above translation methods This method is likely to concentrate on the aesthetic value that sounds more beautiful and natural Moreover, this translation expresses the full meaning and the semantic characteristics of the
SL For the given reasons, the translation is more flexible and smooth allowing readers to understand easily.
Example: My grandmother has a beautiful garden!
Bà tôi có một khu vườn tuyệt đẹp!
Among all types of translation, adaptation is the freest translation method It is mainly used for plays and poetry The themes, characters, plots are usually retained, the SL culture is converted to the TL culture, and the text is rewritten.
Example: The Red Wheelbarrow_ By William Carlos Williams so much depends upon a red wheel barrow glazed with rain water beside the white chickens
quá nhiều thứ phụ thuộc vào chiếc xe ba gác màu đỏ che phủ bới nước mưa bên cạnh đàn gà màu trắng.
The free translation preserves the meaning of the original but it uses natural forms of the TL so that the translation can be naturally understood It usually provides a longer paraphrase of the original.
Example: The Year of Your Tiger
Xuân mãnh hổ, năm bùng nổ (Bia Tiger)
This method reflects the SL's message accurately It reproduces the message of the original but it tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms
Example: The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree.
Con nhà tông không giống lông cũng giống cánh.
This method attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both language and content are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership
Example: Don’t get me wrong.
The context of the source language should be correctly reflected in the translation Nothing should be arbitrarily added or moved, though occasionally part of the meaning may be “transposed”.
Example: The Sun rises in the East and sets in the West.
Mặt trời mọc đằng Đông và lặn đằng Tây.
The order of words and ideas in the translation should be as close to the original as possible This is particularly in the form and order of words When in doubt, underline in the original text the words on which the main stress falls In English, emphasis or main stress can be obtained through inversion of word order and using different structures such as No sooner…than, It is/ was…that (who)…, Only by, etc.
Example: Only by watching some tutorial videos on Youtube can you put on your own makeup.
Chỉ bằng cách xem một vài vi-đi-ô hướng dẫn trên diu-tu-be bạn có thể tự trang điểm.
Languages often differ greatly in their formality in a given context In order to remedy these differences, the translator has to distinguish between formal and fixed expressions.
Example: Please don’t throw garbage here.
Vui lòng không xả rác ở đây.
"It sounds unnatural" is one of the most common criticisms of translation It is because the way the translator thinks and chooses words largely depends on the source text A good way to get rid of the influence of the original language is to put the text aside and translate a few sentences in the memory aloud This indicates that the natural thinking mode displayed in the first language may not appear when viewing the SL text.
Example : I have had my computer fixed.
Tôi đã nhờ sửa cái máy tính của tôi.
Idiomatic expressions, such as similes, metaphors, proverbs, sayings, jargon, slang, colloquialisms, and phrasal verbs, are difficult to translate Try one of the following solutions to solve the problem:
Keep the original words between inverted commas.
Keep the original expression, but insert a literal explanation between the brackets.
Use a plain prose or non-idiomatic translation.
Example: Don’t judge a book by its cover.
Đừng trông mặt mà bắt hình dong.
The translator in general should not change the original's style as much as possible The original style should not be changed unless the text is sloppily written or tediously repeated
Example: Limitations live only in our minds But if we use our imaginations, our possibilities become limitless.
Giới hạn chỉ hiện hữu trong ý nghĩ của ta Nhưng nếu chúng ta biết vận dụng trí tưởng tượng của mình, khả năng mà ta có hóa thành vô biên.
SUGGESTED TRANSLATION
Chapter 3 is a suggested translation in Vietnamese for the English version of chapters 5&6 from the book “The art of happiness” by the Dalai Lama and Dr, Howard Cutler, 1998.
(P1) I entered the sitting room of the
Dalai Lama’s hotel suite, and he motioned for me to sit down.
As tea was poured, he slipped off a pair of butterscotch-colored
Rockport’s and settled comfortably into an oversized chair.
“So?” he asked in a casual tone but with an inflection that said he was ready for anything He smiled, but remained silent Waiting Moments before, while sitting in the hotel lobby waiting for our session to begin, I had absently picked up a copy of a local alternative newspaper that had been turned to the “Personals” section I had briefly scanned the densely packed ads,
MỚI CHO SỰ THÂN THIỆN:
1 CÔ ĐƠN VÀ KẾT NỐI
(Đ1) Tôi bước vào phòng khách của Đức Đạt Lai Lạt Ma tại khách sạn, và ông ấy ra hiệu cho tôi ngồi xuống. Khi rót trà ra, ông tuột ra một đôi Rockports màu bơ và ngồi thoải mái vào một chiếc ghế quá khổ.
"Gì thế?" ông hỏi với giọng thoải mái nhưng với một giọng điệu ông ấy đã sẵn sàng cho bất cứ điều gì. Ông ấy mỉm cười, nhưng vẫn im lặng Chờ đợi.
Khoảnh khắc trước, khi đang ngồi trong sảnh khách sạn đợi phiên họp của chúng tôi bắt đầu, tôi đã lơ đãng chọn một tờ báo địa phương khác được chuyển sang phần “Cá nhân”.Tôi đã lướt qua một mục ngắn quảng cáo dày đặc, hết trang này đến trang page after page of people searching, desperately hoping to connect with another human being
(P2) Still thinking about those ads as I sat down to begin my meeting with the Dalai Lama, I suddenly decided to set aside my list of prepared questions and asked,
“Do you ever get lonely?”
“No,” he said simply I was unprepared for this response I assumed that his response would be along the lines of, “Of course every once in a while everyone feels some loneliness ” Then I was planning on asking him how he deals with loneliness I never expected to confront anyone who never felt lonely.
“What do you attribute that to?”
He thought for a moment “I think one factor is that I look at any human being from a more positive angle; I try to look for their positive aspects khác của mọi người tìm kiếm, tuyệt vọng hy vọng được kết nối với một con người khác.
(Đ2) Vẫn nghĩ về những quảng cáo khi tôi ngồi xuống để bắt đầu cuộc họp của mình với Đức Đạt Lai Lạt
Ma, tôi đột nhiên quyết định gác lại danh sách các câu hỏi đã chuẩn bị sẵn và hỏi, “Ông có có bao giờ cô đơn không?”
“Không,” ông nói đơn giản, tôi đã không chuẩn bị cho phản hồi này. Tôi cho rằng câu trả lời của ông ấy sẽ theo dòng, “Tất nhiên mỗi lần trong một lúc nào đó mọi người đều cảm thấy cô đơn…” Rồi tôi đã lên kế hoạch hỏi ông ta làm thế nào ông ta đối phó với sự cô đơn Tôi không bao giờ mong đợi để đối đầu với bất cứ ai người không bao giờ cảm thấy cô đơn.
“Không?” Tôi hỏi lại, vẻ hoài nghi.
"Bạn quy điều đó cho cái gì?" Ông suy nghĩ một lúc “Tôi nghĩ một yếu tố là tôi nhìn vào bất kỳ con người từ một góc độ; Tôi cố gắng
(P3) This attitude immediately creates a feeling of affinity, a kind of connectedness.
“And it may partly be because on my part, there is less apprehension, less fear, that if act in ascertain way, maybe the person will lose respect or think that I am strange So because that kind of fear and apprehension is normally absent, there is a kind of openness I think it’s the main factor.” Struggling to comprehend the scope and difficulty of adopting such an attitude, I asked, “But how would you suggest that a person achieve the ability to feel that comfortable with people, not have that fear or apprehension of being disliked or judged by other people?
Are there specific methods that an average person could use to develop this attitude?” ’
(P4) “My basic belief is that you first need to realize the usefulness of compassion,” he said with a tone of tìm kiếm sự tích cực từ các khía cạnh tích cực của họ.
(Đ3) Thái độ này ngay lập tức tạo ra một cảm giác thân thuộc, một loại kết nối.
“Và có thể một phần là do về phía tôi, có ít e ngại hơn, ít sợ hãi hơn, rằng nếu tôi hành động chắc chắn, có thể người đó sẽ mất đi sự tôn trọng hoặc nghĩ rằng tôi kỳ lạ Vì vậy, bởi vì loại sợ hãi đó và sợ hãi thường vắng mặt, có một loại cởi mở Tôi nghĩ đó là chính nhân tố." Đấu tranh để hiểu phạm vi và khó chấp nhận một thái độ như vậy, tôi hỏi,
“Nhưng làm thế nào ông sẽ gợi ý rằng một người đạt được khả năng cảm thấy thoải mái với mọi người, không có nỗi sợ hãi hay e ngại của người khác bị ghét hoặc đánh giá?
Có không những phương pháp cụ thể mà một người bình thường có thể sử dụng để phát triển thái độ này?”
(Đ4) “Niềm tin cơ bản của tôi là trước tiên bạn cần nhận ra sự hữu ích của lòng trắc ẩn,” ông nói với một conviction “That’s the key factor.
Once you accept the fact that compassion is not something childish or sentimental, once you realize that compassion is something really worthwhile, realize it’s deeper value, then you immediately develop an attraction towards it, a willingness to cultivate it.
“And once you encourage the thought of compassion in your mind, once that thought becomes active, then your attitude towards others changes automatically If you approach others with the thought of compassion, that will automatically reduce fear and allow an openness with other people It creates a positive, friendly atmosphere With that attitude, you can approach a relationship in which you, yourself, initially create the possibility of receiving affection or a positive response from the other person
(P5) And with that attitude, even if the other person is unfriendly or doesn’t respond to you in a positive giọng điệu kiên định “Đó là yếu tố then chốt Một khi bạn chấp nhận sự thật rằng lòng trắc ẩn không một cái gì đó trẻ con hoặc tình cảm, một khi bạn nhận ra rằng lòng trắc ẩn là một cái gì đó thực sự đáng giá, nhận ra nó có giá trị sâu sắc hơn, sau đó bạn ngay lập tức phát triển một sự hấp dẫn đối với nó, một sẵn sàng trau dồi nó.
ANALYSIS & EVALUATION
Vocabulary
Vocabulary is one of the most crucial aspect when translating any text from SL to TL But in addition to paper dictionaries, there are many electronic dictionaries that can assist in a quicker and more convenient way of translating.
However, looking up electronic dictionaries or any kind of dictionary also needs to be selective As I said, a word or phrase has more than one meaning, so to choose the right meaning for each specific word, it is necessary to pay attention to the context of the text and other factors.
Cambridge Dictionary defined a phrasal verb is a phrase that consists of a verb with a preposition or adverb or both, the meaning of which is different from the meaning of its separate parts.
Example 1: In the sentence in paragraph 7
For instance, they have found that lonely individuals often have problems with self-disclosure, have difficulty communicating with others, are poor listeners, and lack certain social skills such as picking up conversational cues (knowing when to nod, to respond appropriately, or to remain silent). According to Oxford Dictionary, the phrase “ picking up ” mean “choose”. Therefore, I choose the Vietnamese equivalent meaning “ chọn ”.
Suggested version: Ví dụ, họ nhận thấy rằng những cá nhân cô đơn thường gặp vấn đề với việc bộc lộ bản thân, gặp khó khăn trong giao tiếp với những người khác, là những người lắng nghe kém và thiếu kỹ năng xã hội như chọn tín hiệu đàm thoại (biết khi nào nên gật đầu, để đáp lại một cách thích hợp, hoặc giữ im lặng)
Example 2: In the sentence in paragraph 12
At one point in the talk, my mind tuned in to hear him say “
According to Oxford Dictionary, the phrase “ tuned in ” means “adjust”. Therefore, I choose the Vietnamese equivalent meaning “ tập trung ”.
Suggested version: Tại một thời điểm trong cuộc nói chuyện, tâm trí tôi tập trung để nghe ông ấy nói “
Idioms are classified as figurative language, which is the use of words In an unusual or imaginative manner Figurative language includes the use of metaphors, similes, personification, hyperbole, euphemisms, and pun.
This technique involves the capacity to temporarily suspend insisting on your own viewpoint but rather to look from the other person’s perspective, to imagine what would be the situation if you were in his shoes, how you would deal with this
In Oxford Dictionaries, the idiom “ in his shoes ” is “in his situation”, and it means “ trong tình thế/hoàn cảnh của họ ” in Vietnamese
Kỹ thuật này liên quan đến khả năng tạm thời ngừng nhấn mạnh vào quan điểm của riêng bạn phải là nhìn từ quan điểm của người khác, tưởng tượng tình huống sẽ ra sao nếu bạn ở trong hoàn cảnh của họ, bạn sẽ giải quyết vấn đề này như thế nào
Clearly, the notions we take for granted about intimacy are not universal
In Oxford Dictionaries, the idiom “take for granted” means “ coi một điều gì dó là hiển nhiên/mặc nhiên ” in Vietnamese
Suggested version: Rõ ràng, những quan niệm mà chúng ta mặc nhiên về sự thân mật không phổ biến.
Structures
A sentence is a group of many words to support us to communicate our thoughts so even a sentence is built by one or more clauses it also expresses a complete idea In my graduation thesis, I found that there are seven structures from the basic to advanced type and I would like to mention as follows.
When searching for definition of the passive voice in Cambridge Dictionary, here is what I found:
“We use the terms active voice and passive voice to talk about ways of organising the content of a clause:
The active voice is the typical word order We put the subject (the topic or the theme) first The subject is the ‘doer’ or agent of the verb.
In the passive, the person or thing that the action was done to become the topic or theme We can leave out the ‘doer’ or agent, or we can place the
‘doer’ in a prepositional phrase (by + ‘doer’).
We use the passive when we want to change the focus of a clause, or if the doer of the verb is not important or not known or if we do not want to say who the doer is.”
But this model of intimacy is not universally accepted among all cultures.
This sentence has the structure of S+ V with the Verb “accept” used in Simple
Present Tense It is in Passive voice
S + AM/IS/ARE + PAST PARTICIPLE + BY O
The verb “accept” is used in the sentence in the passive voice, and if I translate the sentence into Vietnamese as “đã chấp nhận”, there is something unnatural As a result, I’ve decided to change this sentence’s passive structure to active.
Suggested version: Nhưng mô hình thân mật này không được chấp nhận rộng rãi.
In the sentence, there is a subject “that”, a verb “is” and a complement “very true” (functions as a subjective complement) So, it is a simple sentence suggested version.
Suggested version: “Điều đó rất đúng,”
“But definitions of intimacy don’t stop there.”
In the sentence, there is subject “definitions of intimacy”, a verb “don’t stop” and an adverbial modifier “there”
Suggested version: Nhưng định nghĩa về sự thân mật không dừng lại ở đó
Of course my father passed away many years ago, but I felt quite close to my mother, my teachers, my tutors, and others
“Of course my father passed away many years ago”: independent clause 1
“I felt quite close to my mother, my teachers, my tutors, and others”: independent clause 2
In the sentence, there are two independent clauses connected by a comma and a coordinating conjunction “but” to separate The first independent clause is
“Of course my father passed away many years ago” with subject “my father “, the verb “passed away”.
The 2 ND independent clause is “I felt quite close to my mother, my teachers, my tutors, and others” with the subject “I”, the verb “felt” and the complement “close to my mother, my teachers, my tutors, and others”.
Suggested version: Tất nhiên là cha tôi đã qua đời nhiều năm trước, nhưng tôi cảm thấy khá gần gũi với mẹ tôi, giáo viên của tôi, gia sư của tôi, và người khác.
4.2.4 Complex sentences with Adverbial clause.
An adverbial clause is a dependent clause The function of Adverbial Clause is to modify the verb of the independent clause and indicate time, places, purposes, contrary, manners, concession, etc.
“Whenever I meet people I always approach them from the stand point of the most basic things we have in common”
I always approach them from the stand point of the most basic things we have in common”
From the stand point of the most basic things we have in common: adv2
The independent clause is “I always approach them from the stand point of the most basic things we have in common” with the subject “I” and verb
“approach” The dependent is “Whenever I meet people” with the subject “I”, the verb “meet” and the object “people” It is adverbial clause with subordinator “wherever”.
Suggested version: “Bất cứ khi nào tôi gặp mọi người, tôi luôn tiếp cận họ từ quan điểm của những điểm chung cơ bản nhất mà chúng tôi có.”
4.2.5 Complex Sentences with Adjective Clauses
An adjective clause or a relative clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun or pronoun There are two types of relative clauses: restrictive relative clause and non- restrictive relative clause
“we need only courageously expand our concept of intimacy to include all the other forms that surround us on a daily basis”
In this sentence, the independent clause is “we need only courageously expand our concept of intimacy to include all the other forms” with the subject is “we”, the verb “need expand”, the object “our concept” and modifier 1 “only courageously” and modifier 2 “of intimacy to include all the other forms” It is the relative clause and the word “that” is a relative pronouns which refers to “all the other forms”.
Suggested version: chúng ta chỉ cần can đảm mở rộng khái niệm về sự thân mật của mình để bao gồm tất cả các hình thức khác bao quanh chúng ta hàng ngày.
DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS
DIFFICULTIES
During my four years at Duy Tan University, I received a lot of training in my translation knowledge and skills through theoretical and practical lessons in class Although I have practiced what I have learnt at school and in the internship, I also faced with many difficulties while working on this graduation paper, I am unable to avoid making some errors in translation and analysis In this chapter, I'd like to discuss some of the challenges that any translator faces during the translation process.
Firstly, the knowledge about the field I translate To properly translate what the text expresses, you need to understand the content, in particular the vocabulary Some words and phrases are easily found in the dictionary, but that's not all There were a lot of words and phrases that I wasn't clear on For example, I was in trouble when choosing the meaning of the word containing multi-meanings, in order to translate correctly, I must first determine its context; sometimes, it does not fit all, and I must be careful to guess correctly.
In my research, I have met many difficult words or phrases relating to Buddhism Sometimes I can find all the meanings of the word in dictionaries, but by placing it throughout the sentence, it is inappropriate or even creates an entirely different meaning Especially in phrases, I can know the meaning of each word in a phrase, but I cannot change that phrase into similar meaning in Vietnamese It takes me much time to research to find their meanings.
Secondly, grammar is also a challenging part; due to the linguistic differences between English and Vietnamese, the order of structure in sentences in these two languages differs During the translation process, there are structures which rarely exist in Vietnamese, so I changed structures and transferred to make the sound more natural For example, Vietnamese are usually not used to using passive structure, but it is more used in English.
Moreover, because our mother tongue is so rich, it is difficult to find an expression which matches to the source language Even though I sometimes clearly understand what the text says, I cannot easily transfer it to Vietnamese Consequently, some sentences of the suggested version are tangled and coarse
In short, successfully translating a text is difficult; it necessitates the translator having solid background knowledge in that field, as well as knowledge of the vocabulary and structure of both languages Despite numerous challenges in translating the text, I tried my best to find out the solution, transfer, and complete translation.
SOLUTIONS
Challenges always bring us many chances Thus the hardships I mentioned above are my chances In my view, learning to resolve them is one of the ways I get useful experience as a baggage for me to become a good translator I resolved these challenging issues by applying what I had learned before.
First, I went through the book to get a quick idea of what it was trying to convey and to determine the style of the document for a more accurate translation All along this process, I have bookmarked to help myself remember difficult words, phrases or structures.
Then I look up information or documents on similar areas which I will translate I can find some related documents or articles By reading, my knowledge is vastly expanded This is an important factor that helps me deal with sectorial terms in a timely and effective manner
In terms of vocabulary, reading is also a perfect way to enhance your vocabulary source The second skill I need to have is the search for meaning in dictionaries A word in the source language can be defined with many equivalent meanings in dictionaries that I consider all meanings several times to choose the best fit for the Vietnamese style And if you're not in a position to make a decision, remember to ask your friend or anyone you believe In some cases, I have to use all this advice as a helper to publish an acceptable suggestion.
In term of structures, from relative clauses, reduced relative clauses, passive voice forms to complicated structures with many subordinate clauses, any type of these structures requires me have grammar knowledge to understand Grammar and syntax are therefore the first thing which helps me to understand clearly the structure of each sentence At the same time, the principles in translation should be used effectively.
In brief, I am aware that there are a lot of shortcomings in my translation, which I cannot avoid However, it is my intention to work hard to improve my knowledge translation skills by translating and reviewing more materials.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
Conclusion
For me, the thesis at the end of my studies helped me to understand the translators' challenges, to consolidate what I had learned I gained a great deal of valuable and helpful experience after completing my graduation document. Thanks to this article, my knowledge and skills are tested and shown, and what I have learned is realistically applied By overcoming difficulties, my analytical and expressive skills are improved and enhanced
In the course of my research, a lot of difficult words or sentences and complex structures have presented me with great obstacles I haven't been able to translate all of them into Vietnamese counterparts I am conscious of my weaknesses when it comes to translation and I am working hard to enhance my current knowledge while learning new things As a student,because of time limitations and professional qualifications, there are certainly errors here and there in my graduation document I look forward to receiving unbiased feedback and sympathy from all the professors and my supervisor
Once again, I wish to take this opportunity to sincerely thank my supervisor, Ms Luong Kim Thu and teachers who have taught me useful knowledge and skills over a four-year period to give me what a translator needs to find future employment Lastly, I wish you all a healthy and successful day Thanks a lot!
Suggestions 107 REFERENCES
As a senior student, I have a few suggestions for the Faculty of English in particular, and for Duy Tan University generally, and I hope my suggestions will be implemented.
First, I would like the Faculty of English to expand the number of scholarships offered to students and to organize a variety of clubs, programs and excursions to help students strengthen their knowledge and develop other general skills.
Second, I hope to reduce the number of theoretical lessons and increase the number of practical lessons by integrating after-school sessions and classroom exchanges.
Third, in practical areas like listening, speaking and so forth, I would prefer to study with foreign teachers instead of with Vietnamese teachers.
As well, teachers should develop vocabulary learning habits for students Furthermore, the skills analysis should be carefully guided,particularly at the initial level of the subjects Most students are unable to recognize what the sentence structure is, even higher-level students In addition, teachers should give pupils specific words about the subject.Understanding specific terms helps the student to easily translate materials, in particular by making the end of studies paper
Finally, I would like to share my thoughts with the faculty and the school so that we can talk about it and work together in the future to create a learning environment that is supportive of students
Once again, I would like to extend my gratitude to all the teachers who helped and encouraged me during my time at Duy Tan University.
[1] Catford, J.C (1965) A linguistic theory of translation London: Oxford University Press.
[2] Duff, A (1989) Translation London: Oxford University Press.
[3] Duong Bach Nhat (2013) Writing 1 Duy Tan University: Faculty of English.
[5] Nguyen Manh Quang (2003) Translation theory.
[6] Cambridge Dictionary: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/
[7] Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/
[8] Cồ Việt Dictionary: http://tratu.coviet.vn/
[9] The Free Dictionary: https://www.thefreedictionary.com/
[10] https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carlos_Williams
[11]https://nguyenphuocvinhco.com/2020/11/11/phuong-phap-dich-nguyen- van-literal-translation/
[12]https://kdtqt.duytan.edu.vn/Home/ArticleDetail/vn/33/5137/total-and- restricted-translation