T h e analysis of this small symptomatic action tells you no-thing you did not know before: the thesis that it was not a matter of chance but had a motive, a sense and an intention, that
THE STANDARD EDITION OF THE COMPLETE PSYCHOLOGICAL WORKS OF SIGMUND FREUD VOLUME XVI T H E STANDARD EDITION OF THE COMPLETE PSYCHOLOGICAL WORKS OF S I G M U N D F R E U D Translatedfrom the German under the General Editorship of JAMES STRACHEY In Collaboration with ANNA FREUD Assisted by A L I X STRACHEY and ALAN TYSON VOLUME XVI (1916-1917) Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis (PART I I I ) LONDON THE HOGARTH PRESS AND THE INSTITUTE OF PSYCHO-ANALYSIS PUBLISHED BY THE HOGARTH PRESS LIMITED BY ARRANGEMENT WITH GEORGE ALLEN AND UNWIN LTD, LONDON * CLARKE, IRWIN AND CO LTD TORONTO \ f.h \°&7 A V> This EditionfirstPublished in '963 Reprinted 1964, 1368, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1978 and 1981 ISBN O 7012 OO67 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of The Hogarth Press Ltd TRANSLATION AND EDITORIAL MATTER © THE INSTITUTE OF PSYCHO-ANALYSIS AND ANGELA RICHARDS I963 PRINTED AND BOUND IN GREAT BRITAIN BY BUTLER AND TANNER LTD., FROME CONTENTS VOLUME SIXTEEN INTRODUCTORY LECTURES ON PSYCHO-ANALYSIS (1916-1917 [1915-1917]) PART III GENERAL THEORY OF THE NEUROSES (1917 [1916-17]) Lecture XVI Psycho-Analysis and Psychiatry XVII The Sense of Symptoms 257 XVIII Fixation to Traumas—The Unconscious 273 XIX Resistance and Repression 286 XX The Sexual Life of Human Beings page 243 XXIII 303 The Development of the Libido and the Sexual Organizations 320 Some Thoughts on Development and Regression— Aetiology 339 The Paths to the Formation of Symptoms 358 XXIV The Common Neurotic State 378 XXV Anxiety 392 XXVI The Libido Theory and Narcissism 412 XXVII Transference 431 XXVIII Analytic Therapy 448 XXI XXII BIBLIOGRAPHY AND AUTHOR INDEX 464 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 477 INDEX OF PARAPRAXES 478 INDEX OF DREAMS 480 INDEX OF SYMBOLS 481 GENERAL INDEX 483 PART GENERAL III T H E O R Y OF THE (1917 [1916-17]) NEUROSES LECTURE PSYCHO-ANALYSIS XVI AND PSYCHIATRY LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,—I a m delighted t o see you again, at the beginning of a new academic year, for a resumption of our discussions Last year I spoke to you of the way in which psycho-analysis deals with parapraxes and dreams This year I should like to introduce you to an understanding of the phenomena of neurosis, which, as you will soon learn, have a great deal in common with both of the others But I must warn you in advance that I shall not be able to offer you the same position in relation to me this year as I did last year At that time I set great store on never taking a step without remaining in agreement with your judgement; I discussed a great deal with you and gave way to your objections—in fact I recognized you and your 'common sense' as a deciding factor But this is no longer possible and for a simple reason Parapraxes and dreams were not unfamiliar to you as phenomena; we might say that you had as much experience or could easily obtain as much experience of them as I had The region of the phenomena of neurosis is, however, strange to you; in so far as you are not doctors yourselves, you have no other access to them than through what I have to tell you; and of what help is the best judgement if it is not accompanied by familiarity with the material that is to be judged? But you must not take this warning of mine to mean that I propose to give you dogmatic lectures and to insist on your unqualified belief Such a misunderstanding would me a grave injustice I not wish to arouse conviction; I wish to stimulate thought and to upset prejudices If as a result of lack of knowledge of the material you are not in a position to form a judgement, you should neither believe nor reject You should listen and allow what I tell you to work on you It is not so easy to arrive at convictions, or, if they are reached easily, they soon turn out to be worthless and incapable of resistance The only person who has a right to a conviction is someone who, like me, has worked for many years at the same material and who, in 243