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THE STANDARD EDITION OF THE COMPLETE PSYCHOLOGICAL WORKS OF SIGMUND FREUD • VOLUME 11 THE STANDARD EDITION OF THE COMPLETE PSYCHOLOGICAL WORKS OF SIGMUND FREUD Translatedfrom the German under the General Editotship JAMES STRACHEY In Collaboration with ANNA FREUD Assisted ~, ALIX STRACHEY and ALAN TYSON VOLUME 11 (1893-1895) Studies on Hysteria hy JOSEF BREUER AND SIGMUND FREUD LONDON THE HOGARTH PRESS AND THE INSTITUTE OF PSYCHO-ANALYSIS of PUBLISHED BY THE HOGARTH PRESS LIMITBD LONDON • CLARKE, IRWIN AND CO LTD TORONTO T7zis Edition first Puhlished in 1955 ')- Reprinted 1957, 1962 , 1964, 1968, 1971, ~ 1973, 1975, 1978 and 1981 ; (,':7 UBN 7012 006 77 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of The Hogarth Press Ltd TRANSLATION AND EDITORIAL MATTER @ THE INSTITUTE OF PSYCHO-ANALYSIS AND ANGELA RICHARDS 1955 PRINTItD AND BOUND IN GRBAT BRITAIN BY BUTLER AND TANNER LTD., PR.OME CONTENTS VOLUME TWO STUDIES ON HYSTERIA (1893-1895) Editor's Introduction page Ix Preface to the First Edition xxix Preface to the Second Edition xxxi I ON THE PSYCHICAL MECHANISM OF HYSTERICAL PHENOMENA: PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION (1893) (Breuer and Freud) 11· CASE HISTORIES (I) Fraulein Anna O (Breuer) {2} Frau Emmy von N (Freud) (3) Miss Luey R (Freud) (4) Katharina (Freud) (5) Fraulein Elisabeth von R (Freud) 19 21 48 106 125 135 III THEORETICAL (Breuer) (1) Are All Hysterical Phenomena Ideogenic? (2) Intracerebral Tonic Excitation-Affects (3) Hysterical Conversion (4) Hypnoid States (5) Unconscious Ideas and Ideas Inadmissible to Consciousness-8plitting of the Mind (6) Innate Disposition-Development of Hysteria 183 186 192 203 215 IV THE PSYCHOTHERAPY OF HYSTERIA (Freud) 253 222 240 APPENDIX A: The Chronology of the Case of Frau Emmy van N 307 APPENDIX B: List of Writings by Freud dealing principally with Conversion Hysteria 310 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND AUTHOR INDEX 313 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 321 GENERAL INDEX 323 ILL USTRATIONS Sigmund Freud in 1891 (Aet 35) Joser Breuer in 1897 (A et 55) Frontispi,ce Faring page 185 STUDIES ON HYSTERIA BREUER AND FREUD (1893-1895) EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION (A) OBER DEN PSYCHISCHEN MECHANISMUS HYSTERISCHER P!IANOMENE (VORLAUFIGE MITTEILUNG) (a) GERMAN EDITIONS: 1893 Neural Centralhl., 12 (1), 4-10 (Sections 1-11), and 12 (2), 43-7 (Sections Ill-V) (January and 15.) 1893 Wien med Blduer, 16 (3), 33-5 (Sections 1-11), and 16 (4), 49-51 (Sections Ill-V) (January 19 and 26.) 1895, etc In Studien ube: Hysterie (See below.) 1906 S.K.S.N., I, 14-29 (1911, 2nd ed.; 1920, 3rd ed.; 1922, 4th ed.) (b) ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS: 'The Psychic Mechanism of Hysterical Phenomena (Preliminary Communication)' 1909 S.P.H., 1-13 (Tr A A Brill.) (1912, 2nd ed.; 1920, 3rd ed.) 1936 In Studies in Hysteria (See below.) 'On the Psychical Mechanism of Hysterical Phenomena' 1924 C.P., 1, 24-41 (Tr.J Rickman.) (B) STUDIEN OBER HYSTERIE (a) GERMAN EDITIONS: 1895 Leipzig and Vienna: Deuticke, Pp v +- 269 1909 2nd ed Same publishers (Unchanged, but with new preface.) Pp vii + 269 1916 3rd ed Same publishers (Unchanged.) Pp vii + 269 1922 4th ed Same publishers (Unchanged.) Pp vii + 269 1925 G.S., 1, 3-238 (Omitting Breuer's contributions; with extra footnotes by Freud.) 1952 G.W., 1, 77-312 (Reprint of 1925.) ix s STUDIES ON HYSTERIA (b) ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS: Studies in Hysteria 1909 S.P.H., 1-120 (1912, 2nd ed.; 1920, 3rd ed.; 1922, 4th ed.) (Tr A A Brill.) (In part only: omitting the case histories of Fraulein Anna 0., Frau Emmy von N and Katharina, as well as Breuer's theoretical chapter.) 1936 New York: Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Co, (Monograph Series No 61.) Pp ix + 241 (Tr A A Brill.) (Complete, except for omitting Freud's extra footnotes of 1925.) The present, entirely new and complete translation by James and Alix Strachey includes Breuer's contributions, but is otherwise based on the German edition of 1925, containing Freud's extra footnotes The omission of Breuer's contributions from the two German collected editions (G.S and G.W.) led to some necessary changes and additional footnotes in them, where references had been made by Freud in the original edition to the omitted portions In these collected editions, too, the numbering of the case histories was altered, owing to the absence of that of Anna O All these changes are disregarded in the present translation.-Abstracts both of the 'Preliminary Communication' and of the main volume were included in Freud's early collection of abstracts of his own works (1897b, Nos XXIV and XXXI) (1) SOME HIsTORICAL NOTES ON THE STUDIES The history of the writing of this book is known to us in some detail Breuer's treatment of Fraulein Anna 0., on which the whole work was founded, took place between 1880 and 1882 By that time Joser Breuer (1842-1925) already had a high reputation in Vienna both as a physician with a large practice and as a man of scientific attainments, while Sigmund Freud (18561939) was only just qualifying as a doctor.! The two men had, Much of the material in what follows is derived from EmestJones's life of Freud (Vol I J and especially Chapter XI) EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION xi however, already been friends for some years The treatment ended early in June, 1882, and in the following November Breuer related the remarkable story to Freud, who (though at that time his main interests were centred on the anatomy of the nervous system) was greatly impressed by it So much so, indeed, that when, some three years later, he was studying in Paris under Charcot, he reported the case to him 'But the great man showed no interest in my first outline of the subject, so that I never returned to it and allowed it to pass from my mind.' (An Autobiographical Study, 1925d, Chapter 11.) Freud's studies under Charcot had centred largely on hysteria, and when he was back in Vienna in 1886 and settled down to establish a practice in nervous diseases, hysteria provided a large proportion of his clientele To begin with he relied on such currently recommended methods of treatment as hydrotherapy, electro-therapy, massage and the Weir Mitchell rest-cure But when these proved unsatisfactory his thoughts turned elsewhere 'During the last few weeks', he writes to his friend Fliess on December 28, 1887, 'I have taken up hypnosis and have had all sorts of small but remarkable successes.' (Freud, 1950a, Letter 2.) And he has given us a detailed account of one successful treatment of this kind (1892-3h) But the case of Anna O was still at the back of his mind, and 'from the first', he tells us (1925d) 'I made use of hypnosis in another manner, apart from hypnotic suggestion' This 'other manner' was the cathartic method, which is the subject of the present volume The case of Frau Emmy von N was the first one, as we learn from Freud (pp 48 and 284), which he treated by the cathartic method.' In a footnote added to the book in 1925 he qualifies this and says it was the first case in which he made use of that method 'to a large extent' (p 105); and it is true that at this early date he was still constantly employing hypnosis in the conventional manner-for giving direct therapeutic suggestions At about this time, indeed, his interest in hypnotic suggestion was strong enough to lead him to translate one of Bemheim's books in 1888 and another in 1892, as well as to A remark on p 103 almost seems to imply, on the other hand, that the case of Frau Cacilie M (mentioned below) preceded that of Frau Emmy But this impression may perhaps be due to an ambiguity in the phrasing of the sentence