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Có hai loại từ nối. 1. Từ nối kết hợp (coordinating conjunction) nối hai câu đơn trong một câu ghép (compound sentence): Ví dụ: He had a pen and a pencil. (he had a pen, he had a pencil) (Anh ta có một cái bút mực và một cái bút chì) He went to the door and opened it. (he went to the door, he opened it) (Anh ta đi ra cửa và mở nó ra) He goes to the market and buys flowers. (he goes to the market, he buys flowers) (Anh ta đi chợ và mua hoa) My house has a dog and a cat. (my house has a dog, my house has a cat) (Nhà tôi có một con chó và một con mèo) My brother learns English and China. (my brother learns English, my brother learns China) (Anh trai tôi học tiếng Anh và tiếng Trung)
f I T n g l E H c o n lH T T d n saq Cam nang si) dung T T O I ' E N O N I G T R O A N G N H HANDBOOK OF ENGLISH CONJUNTION USAGE CD BK N H A X L/A T BA N T l / D I^ N B A C H K H O A ANDBOOK OF ENGLISH CONJUNTIO C A M N A N G SLf D U N G T tf N O I T R O N G A rH HANDBOOK OF ENGLISH CONJUNTION USAGE TH.S TRAN TRONG DLfCfNG NGUYEN QUOC KHANH CAM NANG Stf DUNG Tlf NOI TRONG [enq HANDBOOK OF ENGLISH CONJUNTION USAGE n h A x u a t b a n tl J b i e n b A c h k h o a GIQfl THIEU CHUNG ■ A Dinh nghta lur noi la tir dung de noi lien hai tu, hai cum tir hoac hai menh de vai B Cac loai tir noi f Co hai loai tir noi T ir noi kct hop (co-ordinating conjunction) noi hai cau dan mot cau ghep (compound sentence): Vi du: He had a pen and a pencil (he had a pen, he had a pencil) (Arth la co mot cai but nnrc va mot cai but chi) He went to the door and opened it (he went to the door, he opened it) (Anh la di cira va m o no ra) He goes to the market and buys flowers (he goes to the market, he buys flowers) (Anh ta di cho va mua hoa) My house has a dog and a cat (my house has a dog, my house has a cat) (Nha toi co mot cho va mot meo) My brother learns English and China (my brother learns English, my brother learns China) (Anh trai loi hoc liengAnh va tieng Tnmg) Tu* noi phu thuoc (subordinating conjunction) noi menh de phu vai menh de chinh cau phirc (complex sentence): Vi du: Menh de chinh Lien lie Menh ile phu She said that she would help (Co dy noi rang co dy se giup do) You will recognize him when you see him (Anh se lihan anh dy anh gap anh dy) He did not see where I had gone (Anh la khong Ihay noi loi da di) Do you understand why I that9 (Anh co hieu lai loi lam dien do?) You can visit my house whenever you like (Ban co the den tham nha ioi bat cu li'ic ndo ban thich) Ttf NOI K ET KtfP ■ (C O -O R D IN A T IN G C O N JU N C T IO N S) r Co bon nhom chinh: Nhom AND : (Vci, ngu y: them vao) Nhom BUT : (Nhung ma, ngu y: phan nguac) Nhom OR : (Hoac, nguy: chon lira) Nhom SO : (VI the, nguy: hau qua) V aF O R : (Vi: chi ly do) Trong tirng nhom co nhieu tir dong nghTa, nhien moi tir co mot sac thai nghTa rieng BAI NHOM AND Nhom and dung de dien ta y cong them A nd : va Vidu: He was tired and hungry (Anh dy met va dot) He plays squash and rugby (Anh ta chai bong quan va bong bdu due) My mother is beautiful and gentle (Me cua toi xinh dep va diu dang) My teacher has a house and a car (Co giao cua toi co mot cai nha va mot cai o to) « Peter can play the guitar and piano (Peter co the choi diroc ghita va chcomg cam) My house has a garage and a garden (Nha toi co mot cai gara va mot khu viran) He likes reading books and watching television (Anh ta thich doc sdch va xem ti vi) I make the payments and keep the accounts (Toi tra tien va giir bien lai) I have two sisters and a brother (Toi co hai chi gai va mot anh trai) B o th an D : v ira vira, c a d cu Vi du : He was both tired and hungry (Anh ta vira met vi'ra doi) She was both pretty and intelligent (Co ta vira dep vim thong minh) He both learned and watched television (Anh ta vira hoc vira xem ti vi) Both men and women were drafted into the armv J (Ca dan dug Ian dan ba deu diroc tint nap vao quan doi) Both Nam and Lan go to the English club (Ca Nam va Lan deu di den cau lac bo tiingAnh) Both my father and my mother are teachers (Ca bo va me toi deu lam giao vien) She was both attractive and lovely r r , (Co dy vira quyen ru vira dangyeu) My closest friend is good at both Maths and chemistry (Ban than cua toi vira hoc gidi toan vira hoc gidi hoa) His research is both clear and logical (Nghien ciru cua anh dy vira ro rang vira logic) As well as: cung, v iia n fra Vi du: He was tired as well as hungry (Anh dy vira met lai vira doi) I speak English as well as Italian r r r (Toi vira noi diroc tiengAnh vira noi dupe tieng Y) He can drive a motobike as well as a car (Anh ta co the di duoc ca xe may va o to) My dog was quick as well as lovely (Con cho cua toi vira nhanh nhen vira dangyeu) The weather is hot as well as cold (Thai tiet vira nong vira Ianh) My school is large as well as nice (Tnrang cita toi vira rong vira dep) Our hometown is quiet as well as peacful (Que huang cua chung toi vira tinh lang vayen binh) This road was clean as well as romantic (Con dirang vira sack se vira lang man) My computer is cheap as well as useful (May tinh cua toi vira re vira tien ich) And also, a n d to o : va cung Vi du: He was tired and also hungry, o r : He was tired and hungry too (Anh ta met va cung doi mra) This book is interesting and also romantic, o r : This book is interesting and romantic too (Quyen sdch hay va cung lang man mra) My brother is naughty and also clever, o r,: My brother is naughty and clever too (Anh trai cua toi nghich ngcnn va cung thong minh mra) He plays football and also volleyball, or : He plays football and volleyball too (Anh dy biet choi bong da va ca bong chuyen mra) My teachers learned in Australia and also America, or : My teachers learned in Australia and Am erica too (Cdc thdy co giao cua toi da hoc d Uc va cung a My mra) My girl likes watching Chinese film and also Korean film, or : My girl likes watching Chinese film and Korean film too (Con gdi toi thich xem phim Trung Quoc va cung thick xem phim Han Quoc mra) Not o n ly b u t also : khong n h u n g m a con, khong c h i m a Vi du: He was not only tired but also hungry (Anh dy khong nhung doi ma met nua) 10 He was not only a translator but also a tour guide (Anh dy khong nhicng la phien dich vien md la hudng dan vien du lich nica) Her brother is hot only handsome but also friendly (Anh trai cua co dy khong nhicng dep trai ma than thien nua) The doctor was not only good but also enthusiastic (Vi bac si khong nhicng gioi ma nhiet tinh nua) My tour was not only interesting but also impressed (Chuyen du lich cua toi khong chi thu vi ma rat an tuang nua) She is not only pretty but also sings well (Co dy khong nhicng xinh dep ma hat hay nica) This car was not only cheap but also very fashionable (Chiec xe khong nhicng re ma cdn rat thdi trang) r r He works not only quickly but also effectively (Anh dy lam viec khong nhicng nhanh ma cdn rat hieu qua) She is not only smart but also hard (Co dy khong nhicng thong minh ma cdn chain chi) My dress is not only nice but also attractive (Cai vdy cua toi khong nhicng dep md cdn quyen rii) C hu y: > t Co the dat not only a dau cau de nhan manh Dong tir sau phai chia d dang dao Vi du: Not only was he tired but he was also hungry (Anh ta khong nhicng met md cdn doi nica) 11 f