RESEARCH ON FACTORS AFFECTING ENGLISHVIETNAMESE INTERPRETING OF ENGLISH MAJORED STUDENTS AT THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY

Factors affecting English – Vietnamese Interpreting Ability of English Majored Students at Thuongmai University...303.1.4.. Discussion the findings...37CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS...39 T

OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

Rationale

In the context of globalization today, people may ask themselves a question: How can I communicate with all the people around the world if we cannot understand what they are saying? And English is suitable with the current question Through thousands of years of development, English has played a vital role within the integration of the whole world We cannot deny that English is one of the keys which motivated both the economy and society of persons Although it's not the foremost used language within the world, it's the foremost versatile and popular language English is considered the official language of about 60 countries around the world English has been becoming the most popular means of communication among people.

We all know that people can’t live without communication, and English has been miraculously performing its bridging role In fact, there is no way to express our ideas, feelings, happiness, sadness without communication The interpreting in the modern world is extremely important because it is the bridge between two parties and even a small mistake can lead to a different meaning in each sentence This is a profession that has a great influence on the political and cultural harmony between countries Therefore, interpreters need to have love for their homeland and absolute loyalty to the lines and policies of all nations and peoples The importance of interpreting skills is also shown in different aspects in each specific field and job.

Interpreting contributes to the global economy Giant enterprises all have one thing in common: they are heavily dependent on external relations Almost every foreign company or foreign association has its own interpreter Furthermore, many important meetings and events need to be translated into the target language All require high-quality translators and interpreters Interpreters have an important role, all foreign negotiations and business need an interpreter Interpreting can open up millions of new knowledge It gives us access to many different worldviews and allows us to learn from experts from other countries and cultures Furthermore, interpreting supports critical thinking and encourages us to listen to what others have to say.

However, with a language as complex and in-depth as Vietnamese, English - Vietnamese interpretation still has many great challenges Translating and interpreting are not simply the substitution of words from one language to a different, they are the intersection of two different cultures Therefore, not all learners can avoid making mistakes Perhaps, due to the difference in culture, mother tongue, or awareness. Vietnam's English faculty students normally and English Majored students at Thuongmai University particularly still make lots of errors within the interpreting process In fact, there are quite many students making studies on difficulties or mistakes within the practice of interpretation, but the topic of interpreting practice has not yet been carefully explored As an English Majored student at Thuongmai University, I can realize the importance of the practice of interpreting and look forward to studying it further.

For those reasons, I have decided to choose the study “Research on Factors AffectingEnglish-Vietnamese Interpreting of English Majored Students at Thuongmai University'' I hope this study will contribute to clarify the factors affecting of learning interpreting ability Additionally, it will help to find out solutions to help students ofEnglish department at Thuong Mai University improve their learning and practice efficiency, contribute to improving their English interpreting ability to support their future work.

Previous studies

1.2.1 Previous studies in Viet Nam

Globalization has become the most popular trend, and Vietnam is not out of this concept Global integration means citizens of other countries must have good English proficiency, however, Vietnamese still face various difficulties to meet these needs I found that almost all Vietnamese students studying English still have problems when interpreting from English to Vietnamese, some of their pronunciations are quite weak.

Besides, many students are majoring in the English language or majoring in translation and interpretation researched topics in translation - interpreting practice However, for the subject of practice interpreting, the number of studies is still quite small.

With a particular issue in interpreting ability, I have collected an interesting and practical research paper Thus, I would like to depend on these studies as reference materials for my graduation paper.

The study was conducted by Ms Nguyen Thi Bich Hang – a student of the Foreign Language faculty at Danang Architecture University in 2019 Her title study is:

“Difficulties in interpreting English for foreign teachers in children's English classes at English for Success center.” The purpose of the study is to find out the difficulties when interpreting for foreign teachers in communication English classes at the English for Success Center Since then, proposing solutions to overcome those difficulties to make their translation work better as well as advising students who have been and are about to perform this interpretation work I highly appreciate the research direction of the topic as well as its results and conclusions.

Moreover, I have the study “Factors Affecting English Linguistic Students’ Interpreting Quality” as a reference This was conducted by Ms Pham Hong Trang in

2020 The aim of the paper is to examine factors affecting the quality of 82 English linguistic students’ consecutive interpreting at one university in Hanoi The survey is designed and analyzed on the basis of “criteria of a good interpreter” (Nguyen Quoc Hung, 2007) This study uses both qualitative and quantitative methods The results show that the factors are listening skills, speaking skills -speaking reaction, basic and specialized vocabularies, culture of the target language and culture of source language.

To different extents, these factors influence students’ interpreting process and their performances

Besides I also study the topic “A study on difficulties in Vietnamese - English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University” of the student Nguyen Thi Huyen in 2021 These topics will help me complete my graduation thesis and clarify other issues about English – Vietnamese interpreting Since then, the results of this study will be really useful for me as well as for the students of the English department of Thuongmai University.

In the foreign context, Jackie Xiuyan and Jun Pan did a research on February,

2014 They studied about Learner Factors, Self-perceived Language Ability and Interpreting Learning The study explores the interaction between learner factors, language ability and interpreting learning in Hong Kong tertiary classrooms The authors created a learner information cluster to gather data on certain learner variables.

It was set up that learner factors similar as gender, provocation and particular habits, are nearly related to scholars ’ language literacy and interpreting literacy Students' self-perceived language ability (in English and Chinese) and their learning of interpreting are influenced by personal habits, such as the habit of reading English- and Chinese-language newspapers The findings also show a strong relationship between language skills and interpretation skills Additionally, the most significant predictor of learners' success in learning to interpret between English and Chinese is their self- perceived overall English language competence, while their self-perceived English writing skill is the second-most significant predictor.

In 2004, Chiaro, D & Nocella had a study about Interpreters’ Perception of Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Factors Affecting Quality This study examined how 286 interpreters from five different continents perceived the quality of their work In an effort to update earlier research on the perception of quality among interpreters, we conducted this study New information technology enabled us to administer a classic research tool, a questionnaire, in a more creative manner—that is, over the World Wide Web The results of how interpreters evaluated a list of linguistic and non-linguistic criteria according to their impression of importance in the interpreting process were used to create a perceptual map using multidimensional scaling.

In the studies published online on February 2023, Rendong Cai and Jiexuan Lin analyzed psychological factors that may play an important role in interpreting performance and its development during training; while this is going on, psychological elements may be reactively influenced by the growth of interpreting competence To evaluate the reciprocal relationship between three psychological factors—self-efficacy, motivation, and anxiety—and interpreting proficiency in interpreting students, we conducted two research Study 1 was a longitudinal study that evaluated 51 interpreting undergraduate students twice: at the start and end of their first training year (Time 1 and Time 2, respectively) To enable a cross-sectional comparison with Study 1, Study

2 gathered information from 40 Master's level interpreters The correlation analyses and hierarchical regression analyses showed that in Study 1, despite a decline in anxiety, learning motivation and self-efficacy remained consistent; Concurrent interpreting performance at both times was adversely linked with interpreting-specific anxiety; Motivation at Time 1 had a big impact on how good an interpreter you become When the two studies were compared, master's students (in both cases) exhibited lower anxiety but higher learning motivation and self-efficacy than undergraduate students The results demonstrated how psychological elements and their connections to interpretation proficiency developed in distinct ways The results have significance for studies on interpreting proficiency and interpreting training.Heri Kuswoyo, Ayu Yeza Audina did a research in 2020 about ConsecutiveInterpreting Strategies on A Court Setting This study looked into Yuliana Tansil, anIndonesian interpreter, and her consecutive interpreting techniques in a courtroom context This study looked at an English trial court and translated it consecutively intoIndonesian This study used the descriptive qualitative approach as its methodology.Data were gathered using a video recording from the official YouTube channel The video then was transcribed carefully The findings indicated that the interpreter employed both reduction and achievement methods when interpreting consecutively.The interpreter used filtering, incomplete sentence, and skipping as reduction strategies Nevertheless, our study did not uncover any message abandonment The interpreter employed both an elaborate plan and a request for help in terms of achievement tactics The results also indicated that the interpreter frequently elaborated and expanded the lexical meaning of words or phrases in the utterances. Due to some cultural complexity, the interpreter employed this technique when she encountered challenging terms in lengthy utterances In order to improve the comprehension of the statement in the target language, she added more detail to her understanding of the message.

The study by Marta Arum Ribas (2013) discussed problems and strategies in consecutive interpretation In order to identify some universals and solve the issues surrounding skill acquisition, the study investigates the issues (objective hurdles) and challenges (subjective obstacles) that simultaneous interpreters face The results come from a study that involved 18 interpreters (10 students and 8 experts) This study's primary objective is to find some broad trends in the difficulties and solutions that students at two different phases of consecutive interpreting instruction reported emerging This study has demonstrated that there are some challenges that all students have in common while solving them; freshman students report more problems than advanced students, and the kind of problems that arise tend to vary based on the student's degree of training.

Aims of the study

This thesis is intended to find out the factors affecting interpreting ability by students of the English department in the course of studying interpreting practice The study also aims to know students' expectations in learning the subject, thereby proposing solutions that can solves these factors in order to satisfy their expectations to enhance and adjust both ways of learning - teaching styles and methods.

Research Subjects

Our topic research subject is factors affecting English-Vietnamese Interpreting of English Majored Students at Thuongmai University And the research participants are students of English Faculty at Thuongmai university These students finishedEnglish interpreting section.

Scope of the study

With students of the English Faculty, the interpreting section is an obligatory subject of the course This is also one of the most difficult subjects for students.Students will have a choice to register this subject when it is possible Therefore, this study will focus on students of the English department at Thuongmai University who finished this interpreting section.

Research methodology

One of the decisive factors to the success of the research is that the research methodology Today, many resources such as books, newspapers, and especially theInternet are used to serve the researches Besides, there are many research methods that students can prefer to do their studies For this thesis on the factors affecting English -Vietnamese Interpreting The research method used is qualitative In order to get accurate results for the research, I created a randomized questionnaire and examined online 100 students who finished the interpreting subject to synthesize data in a short time This is to find out the affecting factors in the students' interpreting ability and provide suggestions for teaching and learning English - Vietnamese interpreting atThuongmai University All comments, recommendations, and conclusions provided within the study were based on analysis of research data.

Organization of the study

The study includes four main following chapters ã Chapter 1: Overview of the study

The first chapter is a description of the research that provides general information about the study It consists of seven parts: rationale, previous studies, aims of the study, research subjects, scope of the study, research methodology, and organization of the study This chapter is an overview of issues related to the research object and specifically here are the difficulties of members when studying interpreting practice. ã Chapter 2: Literature review

This is the chapter that synthesizes theoretical content related to the practice of interpreting These include definitions, concepts, the importance of interpreting, modes of interpreting, the process of interpreting, skills, some affecting factors and common errors when interpreting from English into Vietnamese. ã Chapter 3: Research findings

This chapter describes the process of researching and provides data analysis, results, and conclusion of the research procedure. ã Chapter 4: Recommendations

In this chapter, suggestions, and recommendations of problems are given to help students improve their effectiveness in interpreting practice and also give suggestions for teachers improve teaching efficiency These recommendations are based on the research results of chapter three.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Overview of Interpreting

Interpreting can be definited in different ways depending on different experts I can say that there is not any regular definition of interpreting The following definitions can make us clearer with the question “What is the definition of interpreting?”

Interpreting is the process of first completely comprehending, deciphering, and digesting a spoken or signed message before faithfully rendering it into another spoken or signed language, according to ASTM International's F2089, Standard Practice for Language Interpreting, 2015.

According to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO),

"Interpreting is rendering a spoken or signed message into another spoken or signed language, preserving the register and meaning of the source language content."

Cambridge Dictionary defines that interpreting is simply as the changing what someone is saying from one source language into the words of another language (target language).

In general, these definitions of interpreting have main commons All of them show that interpreting is a process of rendering a spoken or signed messages from the source language to the target language by means of speaking From all above definitions, we can understand that the interpreting process is to convey equivalent meanings of the source language to the target language and this process must be kept consecutively Moreover, the culture and expression is also necessary as it affects to sentences’ meanings directly The meaning needs to be able to express the nuances of the communication objects in the shortest amount of time Therefore, interpreters have study documents carefully before interpreting.

With the current development trend of the world, interpreting has become an urgent need more than ever All cooperation relations in the fields of economy, culture, politics, health, defense, among countries in the world can only succeed thanks to the important contribution of the interpreter factor Therefore, when the whole world is getting closer together, the job of each country to remove is the language barrier And interpreters are the bridge to help link countries together This is a good opportunity for you to have direct contact with famous politicians.

Especially in the integration period, the economy is open, and exchanges with domestic and foreign partners are essential for Vietnamese businesses And then, they always need professional, dedicated and reputable interpreters However, the constantly evolving language requires translators to actively learn, learn and improve both the foreign language they use as well as Vietnamese so as not to be outdated in the use of words and style The prerequisite of the translation profession is to be "loyal" to the original No matter how well you translate, content that is far from the original will bring bad consequences And especially, when working as an interpreter, you will play a very important role in the success or failure of the cooperation between the two sides. Therefore, always have a professional conscience and be really careful when working.

Besides, many countries use English in seminars to discuss various economic and cultural issues in Vietnam If they want to invite Vietnamese people to attend to transmit knowledge, they must have interpreters in meetings to help us understand.

With Vietnamese education, even university programs we have to study interpretation In this course, the English-Vietnamese translation process takes place a lot and the learners themselves act as interpreters If students lack English Vietnamese interpreting skills, how can they interact with students around the world and how can they understand other countries’ knowledge.

If we want to know what other countries say about Vietnam, the image ofVietnam in foreigners, we need to catch English – Vietnamese interpreting process clearly.

Types of interpreting

According to Big Language Team, interpreting services function as a verbal form of translation that is facilitated by a professional interpreter, or a team of interpreters Interpretation services are used to translate speeches, presentations, conversations, and other spoken languages into the native or preferred language of a given audience And there are some types of interpreting that you need to be aware.

John Benjamin (2010) gave his opinion in Handbook of Translation Studies that consecutive interpretation is when the interpreter translates immediately after the speaker has finished speaking, which can be one-way (only one person/one party speaks - the other party only listens) or multi-way (the speaker speaks) - then the listener speaks again) and during the interpretation process, the interpreter can pause the speaker to ask/discuss clearly what the speaker said to translate correctly That process will be repeated many times The interpreter will take notes of what the other party is saying so that they can convey more accurately Consecutive interpretation can interpret multiple sentences at the same time, so that the listener can listen to the interpreter while they themselves absorb more accurately and at ease Parallel translation has almost no time difference, while consecutive interpretation takes about twice as long as normal conversation Therefore, this method is an unsuitable method of interpreting for long meetings Consecutive interpretation can take the form of: face- to-face translation between the communicator and the translator, translation over the internet or telephone, companion translation (translator travels with the person to be translated, popular in business or travel), silently translates for a small group of communication objects or translates in front of a crowd in different large and small events.

Consecutive interpreting is divided clearly into two different modes: unilateral and bilateral.

• Unilateral interpreting is that while the interpreting process, the interpreter must render sentence by sentence or paragraph by paragraph of the speaker into the target language and most of speech in this case may last five, ten minutes, up to half an hour or an hour.

• Bilateral interpreting or liaison interpreting often used by interpreters which work in or out of two languages And in Vietnam, one of languages must be Vietnamese This kind of interpreting is often used in business meetings, profession conferences and so on.

To performing a good consecutive interpretation, interpreters need these following qualities Firstly, we need to be fluent in two languages and two cultures to interpret We must understand all pronunciations, meanings or customs and practices in the place where the language we interpret is used Secondly, the interpreter's words and mind need to be quick When the speaker has just finished, the interpreter has to finish translating the sentence heard, so the interpreter needs to think continuously and quickly Unlike book translation, translators have time to think, look up, with interpreting we must have knowledge in our brain and apply them correctly in different cases Thirdly, interpreters need to have a good memory to ensure that they do not forget what they have just heard Interpreters must know how to use short-term and long-term memory appropriately With knowledge such as vocabulary, grammar, the interpreter must remember for a long time to apply in many cases However, at work,after interpreting their topic, the interpreter can forget it In addition, interpretation requires precision and concentration, as long as the interpreter does not pay attention,the speaker has already finished their speech Moreover, interpreters must have good morals and are responsible for the interpretation The interpreter must not arbitrarily add or remove the content of the translated article, so it must be researched before interpreting to minimize errors in his interpretation Importantly, they need to have a large amount of knowledge about specific terms and situations such as health, education, law, etc Finally, the interpreters need to have basic personal skills such as taking notes, practicing memory, and they can withstand the pressure of constant interpreting work, which makes their brain very stressed and tired because of constant thoughts and concentration.

He also said that simultaneous interpretation is an interpreter who translates while the speaker speaks It is the process that the speaker speaks and the interpreter translates in parallel and at almost the same speed This type of translation requires a great deal of support from the media, interpreters often translate in the cabin (so this type of translation is also known as cabin translation) designed with soundproofing, with headphones for interpreters To listen to the source language, there is a microphone for the interpreter to speak/translate into the target language, the media ensures proper allocation of listening-speaking channels in case multiple languages need to be translated… Simultaneous interpretation is often required demand at large, professional conferences, seminars, or conferences where participants use multiple languages.

Compared with simultaneous translation, simultaneous translation (cabin translation) is considered more difficult, requires more specialized knowledge, more pressure, needs quick reflexes and high translation techniques to be able to capture and convey information a sufficient, correct and up to date with the speed of the speaker.

Simultaneous interpreting includes three different types: sight translation, whispered interpretation and electronic hook – up.

• Sight translation means a written source language text is read aloud as if written in the target language text

• Whispered interpretation is often used at a meeting without interpreting equipment or in court

• Electronic hook – up is often used at a conference with microphones and headsets and booths for interpreters.

Interpreting process

Jing Ma (2013) shared about the interpreting process in the study “A study of Interpreting Skills from the Perspective of Interpreting process” He analyzed the interpreting process We should follow and catch carefully all the steps to have a successful interpretation.

- Read through the entire document 1 time

This helps interpreters initially identify the content to be translated, familiarize themselves with the ideas and intentions that the speaker wants to convey to the listeners; from there, get an overview of what will happen during the official translation Please read the title carefully - skim the content of the document - take notes of the main points

- Identify words and difficult words to translate

Circle the words or phrases that are difficult to translate, including idiomatic expressions, and look to tools to help you understand exactly what they mean. Moreover, they need to make sure to translate correctly and in the right context.

- Determine the style of the document

Only when determining the style of the document, the interpreter can determine the correct context and intention that the author wants to express in speech; From there, practice how to translate, how to use words, how to sound properly.

- Rearrange the order of translation sentences

Each language will have different grammatical structures, word-by-word interpretation is not suitable when doing interpreting work Make sure your translated sentences are grammatically correct, with correct text, and in the context of the target language by trying to rearrange the order of the sentences to be most accurate To do this, you first should make sure to properly translate each word and sentence to be translated and rearranged the translated sentence and change the meaning of the whole sentence to suit the content and context of the translation or take note of the idioms, difficult words to remember to apply to the next meeting.

Documents are an important basis to support the interpreter's work in the official interpretation A complete document translation makes you more confident and flexible when interpreting officially.

- Prepare carefully for the interpretation

Although they have received documents on the content to be translated, not the speakers will always speak and express themselves according to what they have written In some cases, due to psychological or guest influences, the speaker may suddenly change the content of his speech Therefore, in order not to be "stuck", interpreters need to be equipped with vocabulary and understanding related to the field to be translated to be ready to respond to unexpected situations occurring during the interpretation session.

All preparation is useless if you do not perform well during the interpretation. Take advantage of everything you have, listen carefully to the speaker's words, analyze and accurately translate the content and intentions of the author.

- Survey feedback after the interpretation

Many novice interpreters often end the translation process at step 7 So how do you know if your interpretation is really effective or not? The best way is to consult customers and important guests if possible Live listeners and feelings will tell you the most accurate results about your current capacity.

Some skills for interpreting

Jing Ma (2013) said "Interpreting work requires concentrated or discriminative listening, also known as active listening, which means avoiding all distractions and learning to be alert The redundancy present in speech is a great advantage for the interpreters In other words, they should learn to distinguish useful information from redundant information, and only concentrate their attention on the essential information." The interpreters need to select and classify any information that they hear When working as an interpreter, knowing how to observe and listen will help interpreters focus on how the other person speaks or their actions to convey For example, there are cases where someone speaks slang, a special grammar, etc., which in theory does not exist, then observing a native speaker's conversation closely is an effective way for the interpreter to find out Listening in interpretation has many similarities with normal listening comprehension however it has its own characteristics.

In order to understand the content of the message accurately and interpret, interpreters need to practice many important operations such as psychological preparation, prediction and listening selectively.

Effective listening is very important for comprehending the discourse However, it is quite possible that the interpreters will get nervous when they are listening to the speaker’s speech So, psychological preparation is extremely important The interpreters should set up confidence and enhance spirit to overcome difficulties They should learn how to listen effectively To listen effectively needs attention and concentration Concentrating properly does not mean adopting a certain posture, frowning and straining with clenched fist, but it means to focus on the speaker’s speeches When interpreters hear an idea that is not immediately clear to them, or miss an idea in the heat of the moment, the interpreters should keep calm and cautiously.Prediction is an important means that helps the interpreter to relieve the online memory load so that the processing capacity can be preserved for other efforts During the interpreting process, we can anticipate and prepare for some contents that may be mentioned Thus, when the speaker mentions that fields we do not feel strange and grasp information easily Besides, listening selectively is also an important skill

It is undeniable that listening to and repeating exactly what you just heard is too difficult for any learner However, the exact and full repetition is not really necessary. Because listeners only need to memorize main ideas, key words, and convey information to their mother tongue or to a language on demand As you listening selectively and categorize information, you'll know you need to remember more important information and skip any information that can be ignored Therefore, memory skills are also understood as skills to draw out the main idea of the listening lesson.

According to Li Kuiliu (1994), stenography is used to settle the contradiction between speech speed and recording speed, and it is the transformation between different ways of expression and involves only one language in its process while interpreters take notes to reveal original sense instead of original speech itself. Stenography needs great amount of attention and psychological concentration, however, interpreters must spare large portion of attention to realize the smooth comprehension and re-expression What interpreters need to jot down in notes is words or symbols that can convey the important messages, clearly to recognize and can be told efficiently.

Similar to the memorization skill, the note-taking skill does not mean to record all information that you hear In fact, this is almost impossible, because the speed of speaking will always be faster than the speed of writing So, how should interpreters take note? Here the note should be made in two basic steps: shorthand and note taking.Based on the ability to remember and draw the main idea above, the interpreter just needs to write down a summary of what he has just heard and processed Interpreters also need to choose for themselves the most effective way of writing shorthand.

Zhang Weiwei (1999) has asserted that interpreters can follow the principle of syntactic linearity during interpreting It means that the interpreters follow the order of the source language, segmenting the input sentences into sense groups, concepts or information units and then naturally linking them together by some techniques so as to interpret the original meaning of the whole discourse Paraphrasing and explaining is an important step in interpreting Because of the limitation of one’s processing capacity, it is quite possible that the interpreter may miss some information On such occasions, the interpreter may reformulate the main idea in a general way Though the accuracy of the discourse decreases, the audience can still get a whole picture of what the speaker has said If the interpreter understands the meaning of the terms used in source language, but can hardly find the equivalent words in the target language, they can use paraphrasing or explaining method to get the meaning across (re-expression skills).

The factors affecting English- Vietnamese interpreting

Based on previous studies and related literature, there are a number of factors that are likely to influence interpreting ability.

Tammam HḤassan (2011) pointed out that every situation has its own suitable expression Language plays an important role in conveying information It is a vehicle for expressing ideas, thoughts, feelings, and views about our world Interpretation is considered as a process of conveying the meaning of speech from one language to another This process involves interpreting the meaning of the source text and conveying the same meaning of this text in another language Meaning is the entire environment in which a word or sentence is expressed or stated in context In order to enjoy the professional English translation style, you can't ignore the context of the text. For contextual translation, it's best to immediately get rid of the habit of translating

"word for word" by rearranging the order of sentences and words to make them pure English and more concise but do not change the meaning of the sentence.

- Uses of the word "address" in the following sentences:

+ I can give you the address of a good lawyer

+ We will address that question at the next meeting

+ That letter was addressed for me

“Address” in the first example is a regular noun It means the address where a person lives In the second, “address” is a verb, which means to deal with something while "address" in the last example has a different meaning, it is a verb related to letter writing

If you are not familiar with the interpretation, you will certainly fall into the case of mistranslating idiomatic phrases Because the grammatical structure and word usage of these sentences are very special So as described above interpretation steps, you cannot skip the first skimming step to get a brief understanding of the context. Highlight difficult words or phrases and terms To ensure the quality of your interpretation, take careful notes on each sentence and review it more often Each field has specialized terms that not everyone knows and understands, therefore, it is necessary to consult specialized information to be able to understand and translate closely to the original text

Context is really important and necessary in helping us decide which words should be chosen to get the right meaning in our interpretation If we misinterpret the context and choose the wrong word meaning, it can lead to a bad interpretation.

Context partly contributes to the truthfulness of the interpreter's output, which is considered the most important requirement of the interpreter.

Lara Robbins (2007) had an idea that sentence structure may ultimately be composed of many parts, but remember that the foundation of each sentence is the subject and the predicate The subject is a word or a group of words that functions as a noun; the predicate is at least a verb and possibly includes objects and modifiers of the verb We can realize that grammatical structure is an essential element that contributes greatly to improving your interpreting skills In other words, this is a very important factor To become a good interpreter, you need to master these elements You should improve your grammatical structure for both source and target languages In interpreting, it is not enough just to use the correct words to express, but it is to use different sentence structures to communicate appropriately and fluently If you know the order of grammatical structures, you can translate more fluently, avoiding interruptions when you don't understand the structures It is one of the most important foundations in interpreting.

Margaret J Speas (1990) said “one of the first lessons learned by the student of language or linguistics is that there is more to language than a simple vocabulary list.

To learn a language, we must also learn its principles of sentence structure, and a linguist who is studying a language will generally be more interested in the structural principles than in the vocabulary per se." From his opinion, Words play an important role for any language learner to build up their own vocabulary system to get an edge in their language learning Vocabulary is a fundamental component of communication. The more vocabulary he has, the more advantages he has for effective communication. The development of this basic tool will create many opportunities to learn the subject of translation well in a translated text If learners do not have difficulty with new words, they will easily translate into target language text On the contrary, they seem to fail to translate Most English words have many meanings, so choosing an appropriate, appropriate, correct meaning to apply to the target language text sometimes causes a lot of confusion for the translator The exact meaning of a word can only be expressed in context

Rosszell (2006), in his study about the role of ER in second language vocabulary acquisition, indicated some purposes, such as increasing ER practitioners awareness ‟ of the importance of vocabulary acquisition, and stimulating them to focus on their practices which follow all the suggestions made in the second language vocabulary acquisition The element of experience and knowledge is especially important It determines the perfection of the interpreter Experience includes life experience, experience in interpreting services Simply, when you have no experience in a certain field, the first time you hear it, you will not be able to understand it, let alone translate it into another language properly.

Experience will make it easier for you to handle situations, and only experience will help you access that knowledge quickly Knowledge includes both basic knowledge and in-depth knowledge Everyone has areas of expertise that are directly related to work If you only have basic knowledge, it will not be easy to deal with areas that require in-depth knowledge Therefore, you need to cultivate knowledge to stay flexible in all situations.

2.5.5 The differences between two languages

Based on the literature in the study of Nguyen Thi Huyen (2021), one factor that contributes to the success of translation is the difference between the two languages(source and target language) This difference includes differences in word usage,words, tones and especially cultural differences This requires you to fully understand this language as well as the customs between the two countries to use the words appropriately In other words, many words, phrases, or sentences in one language seem easy to understand, but it's not easy to put them in the ear in another For example, with

Vietnamese, one of the top notes that is always mentioned when you translate or translate an English text into Vietnamese is to translate it "purely Vietnamese" Many English words you may sound simple, but when translated into a certain context, it is not simple You must translate the meaning as closely as possible to the target language.

2.5.6 Cultural and linguistic differences between English and Vietnamese Linguist Nida Eugene (2013) said that “The meaning of a word is determined by its syntactic and cultural content” Language use characteristics is that each country has many different regions, each place has a different way of using language, so interpreters need to pay special attention to this issue in order to have a way to translate as well as use the language, use appropriate language And each country has a separate culture, so if the interpreters do not understand clearly, it is likely to lead to interpret incorrectly, causing misunderstandings for both readers and listeners Only when we understand the difference in cultural connotations between the two languages, and at the same time overcome the obstacles to understand the two languages due to the cultural difference, can we understand the hidden meanings in the sentences, spoken,text conveyed.

The difficulties in English- Vietnamese Interpreting

Based on previous studies and related literature that I have given and the literature from Franck Ramus and Merav Ahissar (2012) there are some difficulties that students maybe catch during interpreting process.

When the interpreters translate from English to Vietnamese, there will be slang words, idioms or words that we cannot look up in the dictionary If the interpreter translates word by word, the listener will not understand the profound content that the speaker wants to express Interpreters must be flexible and proactive in changing the words of the target language so that they are equivalent to the source language but easy to understand and correct.

When asked by the researcher about the reason for the difficulty in pronouncing English, some translators coughed that they could not distinguish between English sounds, homophones, especially those with similar pronunciation In which, the confusion between the affirmative and the negative is the main reason, especially the children do not recognize the main information due to some characteristics of connected speech such as: separate, weak, homogenous chemical, shrink, bond…

Thus, learners do not recognize sounds in English because: they cannot distinguish homonyms, words with similar pronunciations, confusion between affirmative and negative forms, especially some words connection characteristics.

In addition, interpreters have limited vocabulary and poor grammar structure, which also makes interpreters unable to recognize English sounds Fortunately, the interpreters have learned quite a bit of vocabulary, but when listening to foreigners speak, they are "frozen", and wonder "what words are they saying?" Sometimes the interpreter can mistake a lot of words They know a lot of words about travel, economy, sewing but have limited vocabulary to use in the field the speaker mentioned, how can they hear the speaker's speech As for grammar, it doesn't depend on how much vocabulary and structure you possess, but on how many words you can remember and use in interpreting situations Poor grammatical structure makes it harder for speakers to hear.

This is one of the basic mistakes that students learning to interpret often make.Because of the habit of taking notes as soon as they hear the speaker's words and the worry that they will lack information Therefore, students studying practical interpreting will try to take note of as much information as possible, they do not know how to note down enough information Besides, students also made a mistake that was listening to Vietnamese, then translating and taking notes in English This is a serious mistake because when the interpreter tries to translate some of the first information into English, it distracts them The interpreter will ignore the remaining information, resulting in inaccurate and incomplete translation results Wrong recording will lead to errors related to the quality of the interpretation described above Therefore, each student needs to build his or her own best, appropriate and easy-to-understand note- taking system that will help you avoid the above mistakes and perform your translation work in the most effective way Instead of trying to translate English into Vietnamese immediately, the interpreter can listen to grasp the meaning of the whole sentence, take notes of the main content and then translate Thus, the interpreter will not miss any information because the speaking process takes place very quickly.

Vocabulary is often considered an important tool for language learners especially interpreters Schmitt (2000) emphasizes that vocabulary is central to communication and second language competence Some researchers such as Laufer and Nation (1999) have recognized that vocabulary acquisition is essential for successful second language use and plays an important role in the completion of spoken and written texts.

For interpretation, vocabulary is even more important When the researcher conducted this study, many students admitted that they had a poor vocabulary and that it was difficult to interpret In English-Vietnamese translation, the interpreter cannot even hear or understand the source language (English) It seems that for Vietnamese- English interpreters, this is not really difficult when they hear the source language. However, their poor vocabulary makes them unable to express themselves so that listeners can understand.

Cultural issues are a difficulty that both Vietnamese and English interpreters face However, some students or even professional interpreters think that they cannot completely overcome this difficulty Culture directly affects interpretation and cultural barriers are partly influenced by language Language is considered the most important element in culture Since verbal communication is important in all contexts, it is also important to understand the meaning of words Language barriers occur not only due to differences in language but also in different dialect forms Therefore, this barrier causes many difficulties for interpreters, especially students Cultural norms and values are also an important cultural barrier Each culture holds its own values, meanings and norms that are different from other cultures This difference is due to facts, beliefs and judgments through which they gain knowledge of society and culture It is important to avoid or overcome any kind of cultural barriers to effective interpretation Therefore, when deciding to translate English-Vietnamese, interpreters must thoroughly understand both British and Vietnamese cultures, understand the differences in culture so that the translation process is not interrupted

In short, there are many factors and difficulties in the interpretation process, theEnglish-Vietnamese interpretation process especially requires us to understand clearly all the factors and master a large number of new words with different fields, but nothing is too difficult, as long as we work hard, knowledge can be accumulated gradually.

RESEARCH FINDINGS

Results collected from the questionnaire

The online questionnaire includes 15 questions written in English which need to be answered 100 research forms were sent to the students of Business EnglishDepartment at TMU, and 100 answers were collected Thanks to students’ feedbacks,the researcher can get a lot of information about the common factors affect English-Vietnamese interpreting The statistical analysis and the results of data analysis are displayed in the following tables.

3.1.1 The student’s attitude towards English – Vietnamese interpreting section Table 3.1 Student’s attitude towards interpreting course at TMU

Student’s attitude towards interpreting course at Thuong Mai University Percentage

The responses of this question show that how students evaluated the interpreting course which was designed for students of English Faculty From the above table, the majority of students thought that interpreting is difficult but interesting with a percentage of 60 Besides, the interpreting course is difficult and boring was the comment of quite a lot of students with a percentage of 32 The number of the students thought the subject is easy and interesting with 5% The remainders chose the answer that interpreting course is easy but boring From the statistics, we can see that most of the students had a positive attitude with the interpreting course The subject is difficult but it is interesting enough to attract the students, and it make them had a motivation to complete the subject course However, the number of students that felt this interpreting section difficult and boring is rather much Maybe they found the knowledge too much to remember all.

Table 3.2 The amount of time for practicing interpreting skill The amount of time a day for practicing interpreting

The table shows us students haven’t spent much time on practicing interpreting skill yet The majority of students spent a little time on practicing interpreting skill It is48% of students who spent less than 1 hour a day on practicing The average of students about 34% spent 1-3 hours a day for English–Vietnamese interpreting practicing And the number of students spent time on E-V is 18% Most of students spent their time on studying and practicing E-V interpreting They need to practice to complete the interpreting section at university.

Table 3.3 Evaluation about the importance of interpretation skill for English Majored

Students The necessarity of interpreting skill for

As this result, most of students thought that interpretation skill is necessary for English Majored Students The percentage thought this is 63% And 30% of students thought interpretation skill is normal, they need to study for interpreting course at university, however they don’t have intention to use when graduating The main students cover 7%, they thought they don’t need interpretation skill, maybe they feel too difficult to study this interpreting course.

Table 3.4 Evaluation on the benefits of studying English-Vietnamese interpreting

In your opinion, studying English-

Vietnamese interpretation can help you

Improve your speaking skill, memory, taking-note skill, presentation skill 72% 72

Expand your knowledge about many fields as economy, education, society,… 67% 67

Have more experiences in interpreting slang words, terms, jargon,… 60% 60

Have more opportunities for career in the futures 45% 45

In this question, the respondents were able to choose more than one answer so that the researcher can understand the benefits the students can get when interpreting from English into Vietnamese From the data was collected, the English – Majored students have common thoughts in benefits that studying English- Vietnamese interpreting brings The most popular benefit with 72 respondents It shows that when studying English- Vietnamese interpreting, students at TMU will improve many skills such as speaking skill, memory, taking-note skill, presentation skill As we know, interpreting need to use all of these skills so we study this section we will have chances to practice these skills more regularly Besides, the answers with 67 respondents and 60 respondents are also popular When studying E-V interpreting, students have to understand more about different fields’ knowledge, many have to look for news and listen for more information, therefore they can expand knowledge in different fields and have more experiences in slangs,… The last ideas with 44 and 45 respondents are about vocabularies and job opportunity in the future It is certain that studying E-V interpreting, students will gain their vocabularies in various fields Moreover, the working and co-operation relationship with foreign businessmen is increasing, they mainly use English for communicating Many Vietnamese bosses feel too difficult to learn English, they choose to hire an interpreter for foreign negotiation Therefore, it is easy to have an interpreting job in the future.

As we know, students have different attitudes about interpreting section.Therefore, there are external factors influencing the interpreting process This chart below will describe what are the external factors and how they affect the learning E-V interpreting of English majored students at TMU.

3.1.2 Current reality of English – Vietnamese Interpreting of English Majored

Table 3.5 The sources teachers often use to help you practice interpreting English into

The private sources from teachers 53% 53

Looking at the table, we can identify the source of materials that teachers often use for students in the English department Most students are allowed to use VOA by their teachers, a very famous American website that updates information on various fields such as economics, politics, etc In addition, Tedtalk is also a well-known website English – majored teachers with many unique topics from famous speakers. Teachers of the English department also use self-synthesizing resources for students to practice interpretation more realistically With such diverse resources as above, students of the English department must have been equipped with a lot of knowledge and practice with a lot of resources when studying the translation course at TMU From the results, we can choose documents, videos, audio from Tedtalk, VOA for practicing interpreting skill after school every day.

Table 3.6 The topics that you find difficult when you study interpretation at school

According to the results of the table above, we can see that the students of TMU's English department are practicing with a variety of topics in different fields With the highest number of votes (votes out of 60, accounting for 60%) news about political and law topics were chosen by students as the most popular topics to translate It was followed by topics on education (53%), economy (51%), health, entertainment, culture (38%) Voted by a small number of people are topics on environment (36%) We can see that teachers use all of these topics for students to practice interpreting, it is rather good as they can get more knowledge about different fields.

3.1.3 Factors affecting English – Vietnamese Interpreting Ability of English Majored Students at Thuongmai University

As we know, students have different attitudes about interpreting section. Therefore, there are external factors influencing the interpreting process This chart below will describe what are the external factors and how they affect the learning E-V interpreting of English majored students at TMU.

Totally Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Totally Agree

Figure 3.1 The words’ context affecting English- Vietnamese Interpreting

The above chart shows most of the students believe that the words’ context will affect their learning E- V interpreting In which, the amount of students believes and believe totally the word’s context affect E-V interpreting is 38% and 30% The second position is normal effect with 26% of the student’s agreement 5% of the students think that teachers disagree about the words’ context affecting on their learning of interpreting Only 1% of the students totally disagree about the word’s context affecting on E-V interpreting learning process From the results, the word’s context is very important to interpret accurately As each word has different meanings, we need to place them in a particular context so that we can interpret correctly.

Totally Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Totally Agree

Figure 3.2 Background knowledge affecting English- Vietnamese Interpreting According to the chart above, students rate background knowledge about different fields is very important in the interpreting process The number of students totally agree and agree accounted for 35% and 43%, respectively This is understandable as if the interpreter does not have the knowledge about different fields, he cannot understand his interpretation totally Only a small percentage about 3% of the remaining students disagree with this view.

SPecialized Vo cabulary a nd terms

Totally Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Totally Agree

Figure 3.3 Specialized vocabulary and terms affecting English - Vietnamese

InterpretingAccording to the chart above, students rate specialized vocabulary and terms is very necessary in the interpreting process The number of students totally agree and agree accounted for 39% and 36%, respectively This is understandable because if the interpreter does not have the vocabulary, he cannot complete his interpretation Only a small percentage of the remaining students disagree and totally disagree with this view with 5% When you choose a job as an interpreter, you will work in different fields as food and drink, science, medical, political,…And you don’t have enough specialized vocabularies and terms about these, you will have interrupt in your interpretation For example, especially medical terms, it is very difficult to guess although it is easy to realize the words.

Totally Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Totally Agree

Figure 3.4 Personal skills affecting English - Vietnamese Interpreting

According to the chart above, students rate personal skills that are very important in the interpreting process The number of students totally agree and agree accounted for 35% and 42%, respectively Only a small percentage of the remaining students disagree with this view with 5% We can understand why people assume that the majority of students believe that personal skills affect students' ability to interpretEnglish Personal skills include listening, speakingskills, taking notes and short-term memory, etc In terms of listening and speaking skills are mandatory elements, while quick note-taking skills help the interpreter to list the main contents After waiting for the speaker to finish a long sentence, interpreters will not be forgotten because the main content has been written down All skills are essential for interpreters If one of them is missing, the interpreters cannot complete their interpretation well.

22.00% the differe nc es of Gra mma r structures

Totally Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Totally Agree

Figure 3.5 The differences between Vietnamese and English grammar structures affecting English - Vietnamese Interpreting The difference between the grammatical structure will also affect the students' ability to interpret 40% of students think that the grammatical structure between two languages has an influence on English - Vietnamese translation And 33% of students are neutral with this opinion However, about 22% disagree that the grammatical structure affects the English - Vietnamese translation, perhaps because they think that they can be flexible based on the vocabulary, so there is no need for a standard grammatical structure.

Totally Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Totally Agree

Figure 3.6 The differences between British culture and Vietnamese culture affecting

There are cultures between English and Vietnamese that interpreters also need to pay attention to to avoid unnecessary confusion According to the chart, 40% of students and 23% respectively agree and completely agree that this cultural difference affects students' ability to interpret If students are not familiar with the cultures of both countries, it is easy to encounter interruptions when encountering a simple word, but in the cultural context of another country, it must interprete into different meanings.

Totally Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Totally Agree

Figure 3.7 Teaching methods affecting English – Vietnamese Interpreting

Discussion the findings

Thanks to the data collected from the students' opinions through the survey, the researcher has some basic conclusions as follows At first, most of the students find that interpreter is a difficult subject, however, they are always aware that this is a useful and informative subject in many fields Although the students are not confident in their interpretation skills yet, they all have a good attitude in learning and have a variety of learning methods to improve their interpretation skills On the other hand, the researcher also found some factors affect interpreting English to Vietnamese in particular.

The first factor is the context of the word Most students believe that the context of words affects the students' ability to interpret Context helps interpreters to determine the meaning of the word more accurately The next factors are specialized vocabulary, terms, grammar structure and background knowledge They are the core factors for interpreters to complete their interpretation Moreover, personal skills as listening, speaking, taking-notes,…are also necessary with interpreters as they help solve the problems more quickly Besides, a factor from school, teaching methods, also affects English-Vietnamese Interpreting of students Each teacher has their own way to convey the knowledge so maybe students can feel suitable with the methods of different teachers

Furthermore, students also mentioned a number of other factors affecting the English-Vietnamese translation process when participating in the translation module. Some students feel quite pressured when the teacher calls an interpreter when they are not ready Others feel that motivation is also an influential factor because when the subject gives us something good, we will be more motivated to learn

Furthermore, students also mentioned a number of other factors affecting the English-Vietnamese interpretation process when participating in the interpretation module Some students feel quite pressured when the teacher calls an interpreter when they are not ready Others feel that motivation is also an influential factor because when the subject gives us something good, we will be more motivated to learn.

From the research results, we can be aware of the factors affecting the translation ability of students in the English department of the University ofCommerce From there, I can base on these to make appropriate recommendations and suggestions to help students of the English department improve their translation skills,which will help their work in the future.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Some recommendations for improving interpreting skills of English Majored

Majored Students at Thuongmai University ỉ Determining the word’s context effectively

The first element is context Most of the students participating in the survey agree that context affects the interpretating process As we know, a word will have many different meanings when placed in different contexts Each word will be interpreted to match its context If a word stands alone, it is likely that the meaning will change when placed in a given context Therefore, before interpreting, they must determine the topic and situation of the translation from which to determine the exact meaning of the word based on the context When interpreting from English to Vietnamese, sometimes there are words that do not make sense, they have to rely on the context to convey the meaning accordingly So without context it is difficult for us to interpret correctly ỉ Broadening background knowledge about different fields

The second factor is knowledge This is a very important factor Before being a translator, students must have knowledge of many different fields such as society, politics, environment, education, health They did not know you would be a translator for a particular industry They have to have all the knowledge ready to have a chance to become a interpreter If they only know the knowledge about a specific industry, it will be very difficult to grasp the opportunity to practice, students will miss a lot of opportunities to improve knowledge, practice more abilities and other skills They have to educate themselves not only in the source language but also in the target language Only by mastering the knowledge of both languages can they interpret accurately and fluently To expand their knowledge, students can read newspapers,watch news, listen to VOA or some other channel as long as they can gather more information and knowledge for themselves The interpreters should improve their background knowledge proactively Because every time they interpret some of speech,they have to get involved in different fields Everyone has unprecedented fields, or the areas about which they have little knowledge Therefore, the interpreters should be proactive in finding hard fields while improving their understanding of those areas If they know their strengths and weaknesses, they can improve your knowledge of fields more comprehensively and interpret more effectively Moreover, with foreign language learners, cultural factors are no longer strange However, not everyone has much knowledge or understanding of British culture One of the measures proposed by researchers to solve this problem is reading books, newspapers and magazines to supplement cultural knowledge The selected books and magazines should not be ordinary books but cultural books These books can be written about British people,customs, practices and can also be written in English or Vietnamese Because what we need is to improve cultural knowledge To my knowledge, this is a powerful strategy for students to find out the English culture. ỉ Improving specialized vocabulary and terms

Similar to knowledge, vocabulary is also especially important Vocabulary is the

"root" of all problems To communicate coherently and capture the necessary information with the other person, vocabulary is something students need to master. Only when you possess a rich and rich vocabulary can your speech become natural and fluent Obviously enough grammar and vocabulary helps students feel more confident in using English words and structures, successfully expressing their ideas We cannot deny that reading is the most effective way to expand vocabulary As students read, they can see a lot of words used in a given context and that's what makes it so much more effective than memorizing lists of words It may happen that students cannot deduce the meaning of words during reading because too many unknown words appear in the text In that case, students can try reading easier material to form good reading habits And when they get used to this habit, they should improve their level by reading more difficult articles, with a variety of topics but must ensure the content is suitable for their reading level Learners can easily forget the meaning of words they don't use often, so students should try to use newly learned words in as many ways as possible.With E - V interpreter, students should practice new words by listening to an English sentence, then interpret immediately, if there are new words, try to guess them, so they will practice quick reflexes and good word guesses more, and they should try to practice more often with their friends or any other English students they know In addition, students can refer to more translation resources through official websites inEnglish and Vietnamese to improve their vocabulary In the process of communication,readers or listeners almost only pay attention to the content that the speaker wants to express rather than grammar and sentences Because, even if they firmly grasp the grammatical structures, but the vocabulary is limited, it is still impossible to properly convey the content that they want to convey to the opponent Having a diverse vocabulary, they can easily understand the content conveyed even if their grammar is not too strong And when they understand quickly, get it right, they will be able to respond quickly The process of listening, understanding and speaking the word will also become more and more fluent Therefore, students need to improve their vocabulary on different topics After they interpret a lesson, they can take note the words they don't know according to each topic to expand their vocabulary. ỉ Improving some personal skills related to interpreting

Personal skills are an indispensable skill in the interpretation process Students need to use a lot of skills when interpreting Listening skills help them listen to grasp the full meaning of the sentence to interpret more accurately the content to be conveyed Speaking skills help them to clearly communicate their message There are also taking notes skills and short and long term memorization skills They have to use a lot of skills to be able to interpret smoothly To acquire these skills they must practice first, they must practice as much as possible Students must know how to create their own appropriate note-taking style Taking proper notes is one of the keys to making a great paraphrase, so students should practice taking more notes at home They can listen to short English tapes at home and learn to remember information in the shortest possible time Because taking notes in English is more difficult than in Vietnamese, students tend to pay close attention to each word and miss the rest They have to listen to get the main idea, not every word With this factor, students should make their own tables of symbols and abbreviations of English to take notes quickly and sufficiently. Besides, students should practice English pronunciation more often There are different ways to practice and improve their pronunciation day by day Practicing the correct pronunciation also helps to improve the ability to hear correctly to grasp exactly what the word is Students can choose one of the following forms to practice such as using English dictionaries, listening to pronunciation through videos, talking with native speakers as much as possible, practicing pronunciation through English learning apps ỉ Students’ suggestions for teaching methods

According to the last chart in chapter 3, quite a few students think that teachers are influential in their learning of E-V interpretation Therefore, in this part, the researcher based on student’s opinions to give some suggestions so that English teachers can prepare more effective translation lessons In the first class, most of the time the teacher also gave the students practice Therefore, teachers should keep the practice time for students Students want to have more time to practice each lesson. Teachers should find suitable teaching methods to attract students' attention and motivate students to learn, maybe students will like practicing interpreting in group. They act as an interpreter and a customer that are having a negotiation with others It is clear that if students have motivation and positive attitude towards English-Vietnamese translation, they will be more interested in learning In each interpretation session, they have an idea that teachers can give them more advice on E-V interpretation and explain vocabulary, grammar, and knowledge in detail, and guide students on how to handle E-

V interpretation errors Besides, teachers can help students by providing with a number of resources other than books used in teaching to help students have more references and encourage them to study on their own In addition, teachers should build a happy,positive, effective environment, create a free atmosphere to help students study without pressure, have the opportunity to freely ask or express their opinions on things they are still wondering Moreover, many students hope Thuongmai University have listening room for interpreting lessons They can practice directly on computers more after school All of their practice will be recorded so that they can have teachers comment about their interpretation According to this method, they can improve their interpreting ability better.

Limitations

Despite considerable devotion of time and efforts, because of limited time, lack of sources, and the ability of the researcher, the study cannot avoid some shortcomings and mistakes which can be mentioned as below: First of all , the number of participants is not all students of the English department at TMU Only 100 students from theFaculty of English at the Thuongmai University were selected by the researcher according to their own criteria Therefore, the results obtained may not be generalizable to students majoring in English Another limitation encountered in the research process is that the researcher implements the survey method by questionnaire but cannot perform other methods such as interview, case study, classroom observation to be able to do the research results obtained with higher reliability Besides, the techniques proposed in this study were selected from various limited but reliable sources.

Suggestions for further studies

The study only examines the factors affecting the English-Vietnamese interpreting ability of 100 English majors at TMU Therefore, for further studies, the researcher proposes to conduct a survey and interview more students with different backgrounds to get deeper and clearer data on the issues that arise students encounter with interpreting skills and the causes of these problems as well as suggesting more specific strategies Furthermore, researchers should also change research methods by observing student learning through teacher interviews to gain insight into difficulties and strategies Teachers are those who can generally see the abilities and difficulties of students, thereby providing researchers with more reliable data and more practical solutions Finally, in my opinion, other researchers may be interested in the translation skill that is the foundation for interpreting skills.

As mentioned above, the thesis is an attempt to present the factors affecting the English-Vietnamese interpreting ability of students majoring in English at the University of Commerce The purpose of the study is not only to identify and find the influencing factors, but also to provide some methods for students to be good and experienced interpreters for themselves in the future working process For the purposes of the researcher, the study is divided into four chapters The first chapter briefly described the general theory of the study Chapter two in this study reviewed the literature directly related to the topic being studied That is the theoretical basis of interpreting skills as well as the factors affecting interpretation Chapter three presents research methods and results of assessment of interpreting skills at the Thuongmai University through questionnaires This chapter also helps the researcher find answers to the three questions mentioned earlier in chapter one Chapter four is a summary of the influencing factors and some suggestions to improve interpretation skills for final year English majors at the Thuongmai University in particular and all students in general.

Despite the fact that this is the very first time I've had to do my own research, the study had some limitations of its own Since mistakes and shortcomings could not be avoided, the researcher would appreciate suggestions and encouraging feedback from others The researcher has high hopes that within the limitations of the study, the research will be able to contribute its value to assist readers who are interested in E - V interpreting in finding the most effective learning strategies to improve their own E - V interpreting skills.

1 Nguyen Thi Bich Hang (2019), Difficulties in interpreting English for foreign teachers in children’s English classes for Success Center, Can Tho University

2 Vu Thi Hoa (2018), A study on difficulties in interpretation skills faced by English Majors, Thuongmai University

3 Nguyen Thi Huyen (2021), A study on difficulties in Vietnamese - English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University, Thuongmai University

4 Pham Hong Trang (2020), Factors Affecting English Linguistic Students’ Interpreting Quality, Ha Noi

1 Delia Chiaro and Giuseppe Nocella 2004 Interpreters’ Perception of Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Factors Affecting Quality: A Survey through the World Wide, from https://doi.org/10.7202/009351ar

2 Franck Ramus & Merav Ahissar (2012), The difficulties of interpreting poor performance, and the importance of normal performance, Israeli Science Foundation.

3 Jing Ma (2013), A study of Interpreting Skills from the Perspective of Interpreting Process, ACADEMY PUBLISHER, Finland

4 Robbins, Lara (2007), Grammar and Style at Your Fingertrips, Alpha Books

5 Speas, Margaret J (1990), Phrase Structure in Natural Language, Kluwer

6 Tammam HḤassan (2011), The role context in Interpreting and Translating the Quan, Journal of Quan, University of London

7 https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/interpreting

9 https://inwhatlanguage.com/the-importance-of-language-interpretation/

10 https://www.nk-langa.com/other-language-services/what-is-important-for- interpreting/

11 https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jpep

12 https://osuwritingcenter.okstate.edu/blog/2020/12/4/5-tips-to-improve-your- grammar

13 https://worldwideinterpreters.com.au/2020/11/16/what-is-interpretation-and- translation-process/

14 https://www.scribd.com/document/371046391/Test-Book-I

15 https://www.translateday.com/the-importance-of-translators/

Topic: Research on Factors Affecting English-Vietnamese Interpreting of English Majored Students at Thuongmai University

I am conducting a research on the factors affecting the English-Vietnamese Interpreting of English Majored Students at Thuongmai University The purpose of this study is to find out the factors and their influences on the English-Vietnamese Interpreting and recommend some solutions to help students improve their interpreting ability Therefore, I need some of your information to complete this research If you take part in this study, your responses will be treated as private, and only used for the study Thank you very much for your time and co-operation.

1 Have you learned interpreting subject? o Yes (If yes please fill in the questions below) o No (If not please skip the questions below)

2 Do you think interpretation skill is necessary for English Majored Students? o Yes o Neutral o No

3 Do you think interpretation skill is helpful for your career in the future? o Yes o Neutral o No

PART II: Students’ attitudes toward factors affecting English-Vietnamese Interpreting of English Majored Students at Thuongmai University

Please show your opinions about the following statements by choosing the appropriate numbers

For each question, please choose only one number

1 Context affects the meaning of words when interpreting

2 The large context takes longer to determine the meaning of words during interpretation

3 Context affects the ability to interpret from English to Vietnamese

4 English grammar structure is different from Vietnamese grammar structure

5 Grammatical structure affects the expression from English to

6 Grammatical structure affects the ability to translate from English to

7 A good knowledge base will be able to interpret quickly and accurately

8 The more knowledge about interpretation and life, the better the ability to translate will be

9 Knowing various vocabularies help determine the meaning of words faster and interpret more flexibly

10 Knowledge affects the ability to interpret from English to Vietnamese

11 Vietnamese is more emotional than

English, so it makes difficult to express fluently

12 Cultural differences between two languages cause many misunderstandings while interpreting

13 The difference between English and

Vietnamese languages affects students' ability to interpret

PART III: FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS

What other factors do you think affect students' interpreting abilities of English Majored Students at Thuongmai University?