Summary of doctoral thesis factors affecting the development of vietnamese green tourism in the context of international economic integration

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAI FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIETNAMESE GREEN TOURISM IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTERGRATION Major: International Economics Code: 9310106 Hanoi - 2023 The thesis is completed at: Foreign Trade University Respondent 1: Respondent 2: The thesis will be defended before the school-level Review Board meeting at At the hour of the month of 2023 The thesis can be consulted at the National Library and the Library of Foreign Trade University Hanoi - 2023 INTRODUCTION Topicality and imperiousness of the research In recent years, Vietnam's economy has been deeply integrated into the world economy in both degree and scope The tourism industry contributes positively to the economic development of the country The growth rate of the industry in the 10 years 2009-2019 is high and stable at an average of nearly 10% per year (WTTC, 2019) Tourism revenue contributes directly to GDP in 2018 reaching 20.6 billion USD, accounting for 8.5% of GDP, forecasted to grow by 9.8%, equivalent to nearly 40 billion USD, contributing to GDP in 2028 and creating jobs for nearly million workers, accounting for 8% of the total employment of the economy However, the overheated development of the tourism industry in recent times has negatively impacted natural resources and human resources, leading to urgent requirements for changes and selection of suitable tourism types meeting both economic development goals and standards of sustainable development of the tourism industry according to regional and international commitments Green tourism (GT) is a type of tourism that meets the requirements set out in the new context towards sustainable development Vietnam has developed a sustainable development strategy for the period 2011-2020 and 2021-2030 with sustainable development criteria in terms of economy, society, and environment However, up to now, the development of GT in Vietnam is still fragmented in a few accommodation establishments and tourist destinations that are spontaneous, lack of synchronization and not have a long-term development strategy Development policy has not been unified and lacks comprehensiveness, therefore, in order to achieve the common and sustainable development goals, it is necessary to evaluate the influencing factors in a comprehensive and comprehensive way, in order to find out groups of appropriate solutions for stakeholders in the process of implementing the development plan, especially in the context of international economic integration when Vietnam must have development orientations in accordance with practices and standards international standard For these reasons, the PhD student has chosen the topic "Research on factors affecting the development of green tourism in Vietnam in the context of international economic integration" 2, Research objectives and questions General objective: the study points out the factors affecting green tourism development in Vietnam in the context of international economic integration (international economic integration) To accomplish the above objectives, the research questions of the thesis include: 1) What factors are likely to affect green tourism development when considering from the demand side, the supply side, and the policy mechanism? 2) What are the world's experiences in developing green tourism? 3) What are the successes and limitations of developing green tourism in Vietnam? How demand-side, supply-side and policy mechanisms affect the development of green tourism in Vietnam? 4) What solutions can promote green tourism development in Vietnam in the context of international economic integration? Object and scope of the study 3.1 Research object The research object of the thesis is the factors affecting the development of green tourism in Vietnam in the context of international economic integration 3.2 Research scope - Content: The thesis limits the study of the factors affecting the development of green tourism according to the approach of the supply and demand model, through considering the factors affecting the decision to choose tourism green of tourists (demand side); factors affecting the provision of green tourism services and hotels, green destinations (supply side); and factors on mechanisms and policies to promote green tourism development - Space: Studying Vietnam's economy - Time period: Studying documents, data and secondary data related to the current situation of green tourism development in Vietnam within 10 years from 2009-2019 and assessing the survey in 2022 4, Research Methodology Qualitative method: Descriptive statistics and descriptive statistical analysis evaluate factors affecting green tourism development on the supply side Quantitative method: Linear structure SEM AMOS software evaluates the impact of factors affecting the tourist's decision to choose green tourism Added value of the thesis 5.1 Theoretically Firstly, the thesis uses the supply and demand approach to build a theoretical framework for analyzing the factors affecting green tourism development, which emphasizes the role of the policy mechanism Secondly, with the research results of factors affecting green tourism development according to the approach from the demand side, the supply side and the policy mechanism, there will be suggestions for building more in-depth research models on tourism Green tourism in the future 5.2 In terms of practice Firstly, the research results of the thesis help the tourism management agency to orient and plan a comprehensive green tourism development strategy based on the factors affecting the development of green tourism that the research introduces go out Secondly, through the theoretical basis system that the researcher has synthesized, the topic can be used as teaching and reference materials at tourism training institutions about green tourism Thesis structure Chapter I: literature Review Chapter 2: Theoretical and practical basis of factors affecting green tourism development Chapter 3: Situation of green tourism development in Vietnam Chapter4: Research Methods Chapter 5: Analysis of factors affecting the development of green tourism in Vietnam Chapter 6: Proposing solutions to develop green tourism in Vietnam in the context of international economic integration CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Research on green tourism development to sustainable development According to the United Nations environment program and the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, 2012), the development of tourism comes with many challenges such as: Consumption of water is more than that of domestic use, discharge of untreated water, creating waste, damage to local land and marine biodiversity and threats to the survival of local cultures, heritage sites and traditions; Green tourism has the potential to create many new jobs For that reason, studies on the role of GT always focus first on GT's contribution to sustainable development for the environment In addition, the context of globalization and the international economy poses many challenges in harmonizing economic development and promoting efficiency in trade while maintaining the goals of sustainable economic development Volkswirt Christoph Vietze points out that tourism can boost economic growth in local economies The United Nations and the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, 2012) consider that tourism development has considerable potential as a growth engine for the world economy; Studies also emphasize allowing communities to choose their own vision and management decisions to support the tourism industry for a sustainable future, allowing long-term environmental and social benefits to be prioritized (Mehdi Azam | and Tapan Sarker 2, 2017) Thus, through previous studies, GT is described with the role of harmonizing economic, social, and environmental development goals Green tourism development contributes towards sustainable development 1.2 Literature review on factors affecting green tourism development 1.2.1 Research on factors affecting the development of green tourism from the demand side In previous studies, the factors affecting demand related to the selection and use of green tourism services were mainly mentioned as the cognitive factors of tourists (changes depending on the market) as well as tourists’ expectations about the development of this market in the future) ‘The method that previous studies have chosen in researching and developing GT from the demand side is mainly the method of sampling and conducting a survey focusing on statistics on customers’ views about GT as well as actual behavior, GT practices Thus, the previous research method has not analyzed the impact of demand-side factors on tourists’ behavior of choosing tourist attractions 1.2.2 Research on factors affecting the development of green tourism from the supply side In previous studies, the factors affecting the development of green tourism from the supply side were approached from green tourism products, green destinations and green hotels, respectively a Research on factors affecting the development of green tourism programs Factors affecting the development and implementation of green tourism programs include: Human resources, marketing methods, supply chain of green tourism services (Ma, He & Gu, 2021; Meler & Ham, 2012) In addition, factors related to resources to create GT products also play an extremely important role in providing GT products b Research on factors affecting green destination development In the studies related to the factors affecting the development of green destinations, the experts also emphasized the resource/input factors of the product supply process In addition, financial support for the conservation and protection of natural landscapes, especially in developing countries, is considered a very important factor affecting the success of the process of greening the tourism industry calendar (UNEP and UNWTO) Besides, as a special product that requires management in the use of state-owned resources, green destination development cannot be ignored without regard to the management policy factor from the government c Research on factors affecting green hotel development Factors affecting the development of green hotels are also given with the importance of awareness of green hotel staff in green practice The factor of green awareness and action of green hotel staff will be affected by factors such as: team training, building green practice processes in the hotel Research results of the authors Hassan et al (2014) “Implementing green tourism in Malaysia” stated that green practices such as laundry, heating and cooling equipment, lighting equipment, waste paper and plastic bottles of shampoo in guests If the hotel is not focused and reused, it also has a negative impact on the process of greening the accommodation (Hassan & Nezakati, 2014) Green practices to achieve green standards, on the other hand, improve the competitiveness of accommodation establishments in attracting guests (Han et al., 2010) 1.2.3 Research on factors, mechanisms and policies affecting green tourism development All studies have shown the important role of management policy factors in the orientation, construction and operation of green tourism Policies create appropriate mechanisms for the use of resources of the process of providing green tourism services such as human resources, capital, management resources, etc to support the development of green tourism in the direction of green tourism lasting 1.2.4 Research gaps In the current studies, GT has not been considered in general in terms of theory and practice, the influencing factors have not covered enough groups of factors and have not been considered overall from the perspective of market supply - demand and the regulatory role of the Government Especially in the context of international economic integration, Vietnam's participation in new-generation trade agreements and the 4.0 technology revolution, the study of factors affecting tourism in the perspective of supply - demand It is becoming more important than ever to make recommendations from a management policy perspective to support and develop sustainable GT in Vietnam Research results and assessments on green tourism and factors affecting green tourism development of domestic and foreign researches and articles focus on research content and methods such as: after: Firstly, in terms of content, analytical studies assess the influence of either the demand side, or the supply side and or only emphasize on policy mechanisms affecting green tourism development Secondly, the research method on green tourism development has been selected and used by many authors, but there has not been a study to systematically select the optimal method applied to Vietnam CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL AFFECTING GREEN TOURISM BASIS ON FACTORS DEVELOPMENT 2.1 Green tourism definition GT is tourism development based associated on with rational and effective environmental exploitation protection, of natural resources, biodiversity _ conservation, greenhouse gas emission reduction and adaptation to climate change; GT aims to use resources effectively for sustainable economic development and preserve, preserve, and develop local cultural values 2.2 Green tourism features Green tourism characteristics are generalized by four factors (Joppe et al., 1998; Dodds et al., 2001) - Show responsibility to the environment - protect, conserve and enhance the value of the natural environment to ensure the long-term survival of the ecosystem - Ensure local economic vitality- support local economy to develop sustainably - Preserve cultural identity - respect and promote local culture - Experiential - providing rich and satisfying experiences through meaningful and dynamic tourist engagement with nature, people, locality and indigenous culture 2.3 Green tourism development and evaluation criteria Facing the requirements of sustainable development in terms of environment, economy and society, tourism development is an inevitable step forward of the tourism service industry 2.4, Factors affecting the development of green tourism On the basis of considering the influencing factors from the demand side, the supply side and the policy factors on the construction materials, the thesis evaluates and selects the factors that are assessed to have the greatest impact on the decision on consumption, supply and consumption The response to GT products is to include in the assessment model of the current state of green tourism in Vietnam as well as to assess the factors affecting Vietnam's tourism in the context of the international economy 2.4.1 Factors affecting from the demand side Table : Summary of factors affecting tourists' decision to choose green tourism Element Climate change awareness ‘Specific impact ¥ Impact on tourist behavior and choice of tourist destination ¥ Tourists will choose an alternative form of tourism with less negative impact on the environment Green tourism | ¥ An awareness alternative form of tourism impacts on the environment that ¥ Practice green to protect the environment ¥ Contribute to local economic development ¥ Experience the local culture minimizes negative Environmenta | ¥ Tourists have proper behavior towards the environment protection | ¥ Protecting the environment is a responsibility when traveling attitude Demand for | green tourism | services Intent to | participate in| green tourism | ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ Tourists want Tourists want Tourists want Environmental to use green tourism services to experience green space, protected nature green education awareness and climate impact on the intention to participate in green tourism ¥ Attitude to protect the environment affects the formation of intention to participate in GT Source: Analized by PhD student 2.4.2, Factors affecting from supply side In the context that Vietnam is a member of the Association of Southeast Asia (ASEAN) with similarities in natural conditions and cultural values with other countries in the region, the thesis chooses to approach and select the criteria for the study The evaluation criteria for the development of GT According to ASEAN’s criteria of GT applied in 10 member countries has been adjusted and supplemented appropriately since 2016 (ASEAN, 2016) to suit the conditions of tourism development in Vietnam Vietnam: - (1) Tourism enterprises when developing and developing green tourism programs: (i) Green human resources (including awareness of human resources involved in the supply of tourist attractions and green practices at the travel agency) response to raise awareness for tourists through green marketing activities); (ii) Green supply chain (ability to build/manage a green ecosystem in the supply of GT products between partners such as green hotels, green destinations and tour operators); ~ (2) Green destinations such as: (i) Natural tourism resources; (ii) Humanistic tourism resources; (iii) Local green tourism development policy; ~ (3) Green hotel such as: (i) investment capital factor; (ii) human resource factor; (iii) technological factors; (iv) Operation and management capacity of managers 2.4.3 Policy mechanism affecting on green tourism development The tourism development policy mechanism stipulates the long-term, basic goals and main tasks of tourism development towards green growth and the ways to realize these goals and tasks and the general direction of tourism development in a long time 2.2, International experiences in green tourism developement greenhouse gas emissions, and improving the level of air pollution better and better, on the other hand, to create green tourism products with good competitiveness and the number of returning visitors to use this type of tourism is constantly increasing 3.2 The current situation of green tourism development in Vietnam in the context of international economic integration 3.2.1 Developing green tourism from the demand side In recent years, the number of green tourists has increased sharply The choice of green destinations of tourists shows the development trend of green tourism, which is still new in Vietnam, but already has an attraction Tourists’ perception of the environment and climate change of domestic tourists partly affects the decision to choose an environmentally friendly tourism type Table 2: Number of domestic tourists vi Year fing green destinations (2015-2019) 2016 2017 2018 2019 Hue 2,202,000 [2,290,000 | 2,185,000 [2,631,000 Phong Nha 611,000 | 620,000 | 697,000 | 750,000 Quy Nhon 2,935,000 | 3,300,000 | 3,900,000 | 4.150,000 Da Lat 5.130,000 | 5,817,000 | 6,200,000 | 6.500.000 Source: Datas collected by the PhD student The number of international tourists choosing green destinations in Vietnam has also grown steadily over the years (Table 3.4), showing that the attractiveness of green destinations Green destinations 2015 2,103,000 | 560,000 | 2,235,000 | 4.827.330 | meets the expectations of international tourists Table 3: Number of visitors to green destinations in Vietnam (2015-2019) Ga Hue Phong Nha Quy Nhon Da Lat 2015 | 2016 | 78,248 | 100,000 | 171,000 | 250,000 | 2017 980,000 | 1,510,000 | 109,200 | 112.912 | 210,000 | 262.670 | 270,000 | 400,000] 2018 2019 2,015,000 | 167,990 | 286,463 | 485.000 2,189,000 250000 321045 590000 Source: Datas collected by the PhD student 3.2.2 Status of green tourism from the supply side To assess the current situation of green tourism in Vietnam from the supply side, the thesis adheres to the selected theoretical framework for hardware including resources for the supply of tourism products in green destinations such as natural resources natural resources, 10 human resources, to analyzing the current situation for green tourism products, the development status of travel companies providing green tourism services; development status of green destinations and green hotels Firstly, Vietnam has diverse natural resources and ecosystems that are very favorable for green tourism development Secondly, the unique and rich cultural heritage in all regions of the country has been contributing to enriching the spiritual life of Vietnamese people in general, promoting the conservation and development of tourism Third, Vietnam is constantly increasing green tourist destinations of international standards, increasing the number of green hotels meeting international standards and diversifying green tourism products Table 4: Table of cities, ASEAN green tourism destinations in Vietnam Green Destinations Hue city Green service features World organization recognized V Standard city environmental management |-ASEAN Clean | ¥ Good management and treatment of | city Award (2016wastewater and waste 2018; 2018-2020) v The local people's awareness environmental protection is very good Da Lat v Ensure safety for visitors VY Green agricultural products ‘ASEAN Clean city v Green City Award v Environmental awareness of local residents | 2020) v Environmental QuyNhon of management standards [J The local peoples awareness environmental protection ¥ Green tourism development policy ¥ Green space ¥ Environmental consciousness ¥ Ensure security and safety for visitors ¥ Green space ¥ Tourism meets _of | ASEAN Clean city Award (20182020) infrastructure and facilities for eco-friendly tourism (2018- ASEAN Clean city Award (20182020) Source: Analized by PhD student Table 5: Green hotel standard table in Vietnam 11 Category Green service features World organization recognized ¥ Environmentally friendly building | National Six Senses Con | materials Geographic Dao ¥ Use natural wind mainly Traveler — ¥ Green overal architecture and | Luxury Topics, environmental protection World Travel ¥ Environmental energy use Award ¥ Environmentally friendly room service Y Organize a local discovery tour by | -National bicycle Geographic Topas Ecolodge | V Green menu, using locally grown | Traveler Sapa organic food -Luxury Topics ¥ Human resources are local ethnic |-World Travel minorities Award ¥ The resort's shampoo and shower gel are not harmful to the environment V Smart LED lighting and motion | World Travel Intercontinental _| detectors are everywhere to reduce carbon | Award Danang emissions v Tours for visitors increase understanding of the challenges of wildlife conservation in Vietnam, and the flora and fauna that need to be protected in Son Tra ¥ Forest in The Sky Building, which | -International received EDGE green certificates, can | Property Flamingo Dai Lai | save 45% of energy; 22.3% of water | Awards (green sources; material saving solutions 37.4% _ | architecture) ¥ Local organic food provides safe, fresh | -ASEAN Green food that lays the foundation for a healthy | hotel Award life (2018) ¥ Bicycles and electric vehicles serve tourists in the resort to replace vehicles that cause environmental pollution Source: Analized by PhD student 3.2.3 Status of policy on green tourism development in the context of international economic integration 12 ‘The National Strategy on Green Growth has been promulgated by the Prime Minister since 2012 to develop sustainable tourism in Vietnam The Law on Tourism (2017) defines the principle that tourism development must be "associated with conservation and promotion of the value of national cultural heritage and natural resources" Resolution No 08-NQ/TW dated 16 January 2017 of the 12th Politburo on developing tourism into a spearhead economic sector emphasized the role of sustainable tourism development; preserve and promote the cultural heritages and fine traditional values of the nation; protect the environment and nature; well solve problems of labor, employment and social security; ensure national defense, security, social order and safety In 2020, the Prime Minister issued Decision 147-QD/TTg approving the strategy for Vietnam's tourism development to 2030, which emphasized the contents of orientation for tourism development in Vietnam in the direction of" green” To concretize the policy, the Ministry has issued the set of criteria "Green Lotus Sustainable Tourism Label"; organized "Green Heritage Tourism Culture Week - A meeting place for people and nature" The Vietnam National Administration of Tourism has issued a set of criteria "Green Tourism Label” The Vietnam Tourism Association cooperated with the Ministry to organize the International Tourism Fair - VITM 2019 in Hanoi with the theme "Green tourism" 3.3 The impact of international economic integration on factors affecting green tourism development 3.3.1 The impact of international economic integration on the demand factor of green tourism development International economic integration also contributes to an increase in the number of foreign green tourists from developed countries and countries in the region with experience in green tourism development, coming to Vietnam will create an enhanced awareness for tourists and this continues to contribute to creating growth opportunities for the GT market in Vietnam Besides, after Covid-19 pandemic, more concerned about climate change issues, environmental protection attitudes and especially health and tourism service to tourists that will increase, strengthen to participate in green tourism and decide to choose green tourism products This will be an opportunity for the development of GT in general and GT in Vietnam in particular 13 3.3.1 The impact of international economic integration on the supply factor of green tourism development The context of international economic integration requires each country to improve its competitiveness in developing the tourism industry while at the same time harmonizing environmental, economic, and social sustainable development goals festival This requires countries to find ways to rationally use tourism resources On the other hand, when tourists’ awareness becomes more complete with the role of sustainable development of the environment, economy, and society, it helps to gradually change tourist tastes ‘The impact of international economic integration on the supply of tourist attractions is obvious when stakeholders in the provision of tourism services such as hotels, tour operators, and tourist destinations must fulfill regional and world commitments on service standards provided to the market 3.3.1 The impact of international economic integration on the policy factors affacting green tourism development Vietnam's tourism has actively and actively participated in many cooperation mechanisms in the region and in the world, such as cooperation in ASEAN, Greater Mekong Sub-region, ACMECS cooperation, CLMV, CLV Mekong - river cooperation Hang Vietnam tourism actively participates in other multilateral cooperation frameworks such as in G20, APEC, World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Asia-Pacific Tourism Association (PATA) (Vietnamtourism, 2020) These commitments and orientations pose a policy requirement for tourism development that needs to be specific and adjusted in the direction of emphasizing on the three pillars of environment, economy, and society, concretizing the factors that need to be considered Incentive factors to achieve development goals, specific factors of regulation and sanctions to ensure the development of GT is in the right direction From there, it is possible to gradually follow the roadmap set by the Vietnamese Government and meet the international commitments that Vietnam has signed 3.4 General assessment of green tourism development in Vietnam 3.4.1 Results - The number of domestic and international tourists choosing to visit green destinations and world natural heritages is increasing - Accommodations and resorts in Vietnam are invested fundamentally from the beginning, oriented towards green and environmentally friendly development 14 - The Government has actively participated in international commitments that clearly demonstrate the GT development strategy 3.4.2 Limitation and cause - Lack of synchronization and national strategy for GT development - Lack of national green tourism standard criteria - Investment in green tourism is not commensurate with the potentials - Tourism human resources are not fully awareness of the environment CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH METHODS 4.1 Research on demand-side factors — factors affecting the decision to use GT services 4.1.1 Research hypothesis Hypothesis (H1): Climate change awareness has a positive impact on environmental protection attitude Hypothesis (H2): Perception of ecotourism affects attitude towards environmental protection Hypothesis (H3) Perception of GT affects demand for GT services Hypothesis (H4): The demand for green tourism services leads to the decision to choose GT Hypothesis (HS): Attitude towards environmental protection affects the formation of intention to participate in ecotourism Hypothesis (H6): Green tourism intention affects decision making to choose green tourism 4.1.2, Building the scale and designing the questionnaire ‘The survey questionnaire is divided into two parts: Part 1: Includes questions about green tourism and factors affecting the decision to choose green tourism Part 2: Includes questions to collect information of domestic tourists including: Location, gender, age, education level, average income (million VND/month), workplace, status marriage 4.1.3 Data collection method Information about the research sample was collected by interviewing domestic tourists using a detailed questionnaire The questionnaire is sent to the surveyed people in the form of 15 a survey through a Google form Survey results, after cleaning, are then entered into the data matrix on AMOS software 4.1.4, Data Analysis Methods 4.1.4.1 Preliminary evaluation stage of the scale Cronbach's Alpha test for each group of factors to find out if the observed variables have the same measure for a concept to be measured If the coefficient is lower than 0.3, the variable will be eliminated (Hair et al., 2010) 4.1.4.2 EFA exploratory factor analysis PhD student uses Principal components extraction method with Varimax rotation; remove observed variables with Factor loading value < 0.4 or extract into other factors that have Factor loading weight difference between factors < 0.3 4.1.4.3 Confirmatory factor analysis CFA Confirmation Factor Analysis (CFA) technique to check whether the measurement models meet the requirements, the scales meet the requirements of a good scale or not To measure the fit of the model to market information, we use the Chi-square (CMIN), Chisquare adjusted for degrees of freedom (CMIN/df), the comparative fitness index CFI, RMSEA 4.1.4.4 SEM linear structural model analysis SEM structural model analysis technique to find out CSR influence and impact level of factors The method of testing hypotheses and research models using SEM tools, in addition to having advantages over traditional methods such as multivariable regression due to measurement errors, also allows the combination of potential concepts hidden with their measurement with the theoretical model at the same time 4.1.4.5 Bootstrap test The Bootstrap method is used to test the reliability of the estimates This is a method of repeated sampling with substitution from the original sample (N) with the initial sample acting as the crowd 4.2, Research on factors affecting green tourism developement from supply side 4.2.1 Research hypothesis 4.2.1.1 Green tourism itinerary 16 Hypothesis (H1): Human resources are fully aware of green tourism and well in green marketing, making a positive contribution to the successful construction of a green tourism program provided by travel agencies Hypothesis (H2): Green supply chain coordination/building and operation skills have a positive impact on the successful construction of a green tourism program provided by travel agencies 4.2.1.2 Green destination Hypothesis (H1): Exploiting natural tourism resources towards conservation and development has a positive impact on the development of green tourism in the locality Hypothesis (H2): Exploiting the value of humanistic tourism resources into developing green tourism at the destination in a sustainable way has a positive impact on the development of green tourism in the locality Hypothesis (H3): The role of green tourism development policy has a positive impact on the development of green tourism in the locality 4.2.1.3 Green Hotel Hypothesis (H1): Investment capital has a positive impact on green hotel development Hypothesis (H2): Green human resources and green practices at accommodation have a positive impact on green hotel development Hypothesis (H3): Technology investment has a positive impact on green hotel development Hypothesis (H4): Improving management capacity has a positive impact on green hotel development 4.2.2, Build questionnaires and collect data 4.2.2.1 Green tourism itinerary PhD student selected descriptive statistics research method and analyzed it with descriptive statistics based on data collection through survey results of leaders, sales, and executives of tourism enterprises 4.2.2.2 Green destination PhD student selected descriptive statistics research methods and descriptive statistics analysis The survey was conducted in 15 tourism departments, tourism offices under the Departments of Culture, Sports and Tourism in provinces and cities with ASEAN green hotels, recognized green resorts, and ASEAN green destinations such as: Ha Noi Noi, Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, Thai Nguyen, Lao Cai, Ha Giang, Vinh Yen, Cao Bang, Ninh Binh, Hue, Lam Dong, Phu Yen, Ba Ria Vung Tau, Binh Dinh, and Quang Binh 4.2.2.3 Green Hotel Researcher selected descriptive statistics research methods and descriptive statistics analysis The survey was conducted on 21 leaders and managers of 15 hotels The survey is done online via Google form 4.3 Analysis of factors, mechanisms and poli ies affecting green tourism development 4.3.1 Research hypothesis Hypothesis (H1): Policy mechanisms contribute to creating a favorable environment in the creation of green ecosystems Hypothesis (H2): Mechanisms and policies contribute to training human resources for green tourism Hypothesis (H3): Policy mechanisms contribute to support the formation and promotion of green tourism supply chains between travel agencies, green destinations and green hotels Hypothesis (H4): Mechanisms and policies support the coordination of agencies and sectors in green tourism development 4.3.2 Methods of data collection and analysis 4.3.2.1 Data collection methods PhD student selected the method of in-depth interview with experts and the qualitative research method to assess the policy and mechanism factors affecting the development of green tourism in the locality ‘The semi-structured question is divided into two parts: (1) The first part asks about the views of green tourism and green tourism development; (2) The next section asks questions about factors from mechanisms and policies affecting the development of green tourism in the locality CHAPTER 5: RESEARCH RESULTS OF FACTORS AFFECTING TOURISM GREEN DEVELOPMENT 5.1 Research on demand-side factors — factors affecting the decision to use GT services The study was carried out to evaluate the influence of factors on the decision to choose green tourism of tourists The author recognizes the direct and clear influence of climate 18